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(Edwin Monroe), 1844-1916, 1907. A public-domain text about Boston, accessioned whole so the archive can quote it.","text_extract":"B \n\n\nr ~* \n\n1 \n\n\n)MPLiMB1S1 s \nBngUnd hardware Dealers' HoebeUhow \n\n.OINT (:ONV>.- \n\n\nail Hardwa \n\n\nBnqland Hardware DcaUr»' \n\n\nB \n\nJHBB \n\nmvi \n\n\nAfc^-GV \n\n\nr N li a \n\n\n• \n\n\nGUIDE BOOK OF BOSTON \n\nADOPTED BY THE \n\nNew England Hardware Dealers' Association \n\nFOR THE \n\nJOINT CONVENTION AND EXHIBITION \n\nOF THE \n\nNational Retail Hardware Association \n\nAND THE \n\nNew England Hardware Dealers' Association \n\nHELD AT THE \n\nNEW AMERICAN HOUSE \n\nBOSTON. MASSACHUSETTS \n\n\nF. ALEXANDER CHANDLER \n\nEditor of Hardware Convention Edition \n\n\nJUNE 18-22, 1907 \n\n\nURL \nF \n\n\nA. T. STEBCINS \n\nTreasurer \nRochester, Minn. \n\n\nS. R. MILKS \n1st Vice President \nMason City, Iowa \n\n\nmvAKD M. Br \n\nPresident \nKvansville, Ind. \n\n\nM. L. CORKY \nSecretary \nArgos, Ind. \n\n\nG. W. R.KKUEI.I. \n2ii I 'iff I'rfsiiifnt \nMurschuatis, N.V. \n\n\nOFFICERS OF THE \n\nNATIONAL RETAIL HARDWARE ASSOCIATION \n\n1906-1907 \n\n3 \n\n\nOFFICERS OF THE \nNEW ENGLAND HARDWARE DEALERS' ASSOCIATION \n\n\nS. H. THOMPSON \n\n1st Vice President \n\nLowell, Mass. \n\nF. ALEXANDER CHANDLER \n\nSecretary \nBoston, Mass. \n\n\nFRANK E. PEIRSON \n2d Vice President \nPittsfield, Mass. \n\nJOHN B. HUNTER \n\nPresident \nBoston, Mass. \n\n\nD. FLETCHER BARBER \n\nA uditor \nBoston, Mass. \n\nHENRY M. SANDERS \n\nTreasiirer \nBoston, Mass. \n\n\n-t \n\n\nBOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THK \n\nNKW ENGLAND HAKDWAkK DEALERS' ASSOCIATION \n1906-1907 \n\n\nCALVIN M. NICHOLS \nliosiim, Mass. \n\nW. H. UsOFRWOOIl \n\nManchester, N.H. \n\nBloN C. PlF.KCK \n\n'r.iiintoii. M.I s \n\nCHAKI.KN I.. 1'xnmmn.L \nSomerville, Mass. \n\nKKSK>T I.. DAVIS \nHuston, Mass. \n\nCtlAKI.ItS K. AllAM' \n\nIxiwell, Mass. \n\nTHE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS \nEXECUTIVE CHAMBER \n\nSTATE HOUSE, BOSTON \n\n\nMarch i, 1907 \n\nMR. F. ALEXANDER CHANDLER, \n\nSecretary New England Hardware Dealers' Association, \n36 Federal Street, Boston. \n\nDEAR SIR: \n\nI thank you most heartily for your very kind notification in regard \nto the coming convention of the hardware dealers of the United States \nin Boston during the week of June 17. \n\nIt will give me the greatest possible pleasure to extend the greetings \nof the Commonwealth to them at that time. At no season of the year \ncould a visit to Massachusetts be more appropriately paid than during \nBunker Hill Week. \n\nI can only assure you that the Commonwealth will gladly cooperate \nin every possible way to make the delegates feel that Massachusetts is \na place where every American should feel at home and happy. \n\nWith cordial personal regards, believe me, \nFaithfully yours, \n\nCURTIS GUILD, JR. \n\n\nCITY OF BOSTON \nOFFICE OF THE MAYOR \n\nMarch 7, 1907 \n\nTo THE DELEGATES AND OFFICERS OF THE NATIONAL \nHARDWARE CONVENTION \n\nOn behalf of the citizens of Boston it affords me great pleasure to \nextend to you a most cordial welcome to our city. It is very gratifying \nto receive you at this time for the reason that our citizens are, and for \nsome time will be, engaged in a very active, and we hope fruitful, move- \nment for greater business activity, for broadening of trade, and increase \nin business. The hardware business forms no small part of our com- \nmerce ; the dealings in this city alone in hardware aggregating last \nyear almost seven million of dollars ($7,000,000). Your presence will \ndoubtless serve as an incentive to our merchants and of material held \nto us in our efforts to go forward. \n\nI am confident that you will enjoy your visit, as Boston is an ideal \nconvention city. Possessing many landmarks of the Colonial and \nRevolutionary periods, — such as the old North Church, Faneuil Hall, \nState House, Bunker Hill Monument, — a most beautiful park system, \nattractive beach resorts, and innumerable objects of an instructive char- \nacter, Boston will justify your best expectations, and your visit will \ndoubtless be a most pleasant one. \n\nIn 1630 William Blackstone, one of the earliest white settlers in \nBoston, conveyed to Governor Winthrop at Charlestown an invitation \nto settle in Boston, dwelling upon the rare qualities of a beautiful \nspring to be found in Boston. His hospitality was accepted, and thus \nBoston was founded. The same spirit of hospitality characterizes our \ncitizens to-day, and I beg leave to assure you of a most hearty welcome. \n\nSincerely yours, \n\nJOHN F. FITZGERALD \n\nMayor \n\n\nTHE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION \n\nBy E. M. BUSH, President, Evansville, Ind. \n\nTo those not connected with National Retail Association work it may \nbe of interest to learn in a few words something of its inception, its \nwork, and what it has accomplished. \n\nDuring the World's Fair of 1893 a call for retail hardware mer- \nchants to meet in Chicago for the organization of a National Retail \nHardware Association was issued ; by whom I do not know, nor do I \nremember the number in attendance. I have, however, since talked of \nit with three gentlemen who responded to the call, — Mr. A. T. Stebbins \nof Rochester, Minn., Executive Officer and Treasurer of the National \nAssociation to-day; Mr. I. A. Sibley of South Bend, Ind.; and Mr. \nS. S. Bryan of Titusville, Pa. \n\nEvidently the originator of this project was a few years ahead of \ntime, as nothing came of it — not until a few years later and after \nseveral state organizations had been in successful operation did the \ntime seem ripe for a national organization. \n\nIn January or February of 1900, Mr. Z. T. Miller, the President of \nthe Illinois Association, issued invitations to the officers of the state \norganizations then in existence to send delegates to Chicago in March \nfor the purpose of organizing a National Association. At this meeting \nwere representatives from Illinois, Minnesota, North Dakota, Michigan, \nIowa, Indiana, Wisconsin, and Pennsylvania. The enthusiasm and \nharmony was most inspiring, and unbroken by even a ripple until the \npoint of naming the organization was reached — a mere ripple even \nthen, but to my knowledge the only discord at the birth and during the \nlife thus far of the National Retail Hardware Association, and therefore, \nworthy of note. This slight controversy sprang up when some of the \ndelegates preferred for the organization the more modest name of Inter \nState, while others looking to the future declared for National Hard- \nware Association. \n\nInter State won the day, and that little victory was indicative of the \nconservatism which has always ruled in the councils of the National \nHardware Association and was exhibited this early in its existence. \nHowever, by the following year so many more states had been organ- \nized and had sent delegates to the convention, that with one accord \nInter State stepped down and out for the National Retail Hardware \nAssociation. \n\n\nTHE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION \n\nThere have been five National Association Presidents : Z. T. Miller of \nIllinois, W. P. Lewis of Indiana, H. G. Cormick of Illinois, W. P. \nBogardus of Ohio, and the present incumbent. With the exception of \nW. P. Bogardus, who was elected three consecutive years, each presi- \ndent has served but one year. \n\nTwo national secretaries have been elected: the first, Mr. Cuzzins \nof Michigan, served only one year; his successor, Mr. M. L. Corey of \nIndiana, has served six years. \n\nTo recount, however briefly, the work and achievements of the asso- \nciation would require more space than this article should occupy. Then, \ntoo, the association has written hardware history so emphatically for \nthe past four or five years, that I deem it unnecessary to refresh your \nminds with more than a mere reference to some of its principal \nvictories. \n\nA praiseworthy part of its work has been through its connection with \nthe Wholesale and Retail Hardware Joint Committee. \n\nMutual Hardware Insurance, which has saved to its membership \nthousands of dollars in reduced premiums, has been an outgrowth of \nits work. \n\nIts national organ, the Hardware Bulletin, has grown from a diminu- \ntive quarterly issue to a monthly magazine of size and appearance com- \nmensurate with the strength, enthusiasm, and progressiveness of the \norgani/ation it represents. Its numbers are eagerly awaited by the \nassociation membership and its thousands of readers. Fourteen thou- \nsand is a noteworthy monthly issue for so young an organi/ation \npaper. \n\nFive times has our National Convention met in Chicago, once in \nIndianapolis, once in Minneapolis, and, in June of this year, will meet \nin Boston. \n\nThe New England Hardware Dealers' Association, our hosts for the \nconvention, with the characteristic hospitality of this association, have \nmade every arrangement for a most successful meeting, and plan to \nmake the visit and stay of all those in attendance most enjoyable and \nprofitable. \n\nEvery individual member of the various state associations will be \nwelcomed, and I urge that every one who can, will avail himself <>f this \nopportunity not only to attend the convention himself, but to bring \nwith him his wife and daughters, and with them visit the historic places \nthat abound in and about Boston. \n\nIn this neighborhood more hardware is manufactured than in any \nother part of the country, and a visit to these factories will alone !><• \nworth the time and expense of the trip. And in addition to this — to \n\n9 \n\n\nTHE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION \n\nthe warm welcome that awaits you and to the benefits of the conven- \ntion — will be the great pleasure of a visit to those hallowed spots, dear \nto the heart of every true American, in which Boston is rich and which \nshe has preserved for the edification of her countrymen, winning \nthereby their lasting gratitude and her own just glory. \n\nLet \" On to Boston \" be our cry — and a rousing convention our \ngreat aim from now until June eighteenth, when I earnestly hope we \nshall gather in record-breaking numbers at the Hub of the Universe. \n\n\nAll things become noble or ignoble in proportion \nto the amount of energy of the mind of man which \nhas been visibly employed it$on them. — Raskin. \n\n\nNo work is wortli doing badly ; and he who \nfuts his best into every task will outstrip the man \nwho waits for a great opportunity. — T. Chamberlain \n\n\n10 \n\n\nRETAIL HARDWARE ORGANIZATION \n\nBy R. R. WILLIAMS, Editor The Iron Age, New York City \n\nThe past ten or fifteen years have witnessed a remarkable growth in \ntrade organization. This is especially noticeable in the hardware field. \nThe jobbers of hardware were the first to recognize the advantages \noffered by association, and their example, attended as their efforts were \nwith much success, was followed by retail merchants in a movement \nwhich, notwithstanding its great achievement, has not yet reached its \nculmination. Later the hardware manufacturers, in keeping with the \nspirit of the times, formed an association which now comprises many of \nthe most important concerns in the country. \n\nThe retail organization movement has now developed until about \n30 states are covered, nearly all of the associations being identified with \nthe National Association, 10,000 strong. Naturally, at first, the forma- \ntion of state retail associations was slow and sometimes even discour- \naging, but those who were responsible for their beginnings were men of \nresource and perseverance, and the conditions prevailing in the trade \nwere such as to call for organized effort on the part of merchants for \ntheir correction. \n\nAmong the grievances which had much influence in securing the \nputting forth of united effort on the part of the retail merchants was \nthe interference by the jobbing houses and to some extent by manu- \nfacturers with the business of the retailers. This, to a great extent, \nespecially in the West where the retail organizations are most success- \nful and efficient, has become a thing of the past. The work of these \npioneers in organization was also materially aided by the encroachment \nof catalogue and mail-order houses on the business of the local mer- \nchant, who came to realize that concert of action with his fellows would \nplace him in a better position to hold his own. The mutual fire insur- \nance feature also contributed greatly to the development of these asso- \nciations, as reliable insurance was thus secured at a material saving in \ncost as compared with the rates of the old line companies. \n\nAnother illustration of the value and influence of organization has \nbeen afforded by the experience at Washington of the advocates of \nparcels post and other measures directly or indirectly in the interest \nof the catalogue and mail-order establishments. Under the leadership \nof The Iron Age, which has been vigilant in its attention to the matter of \npostal legislation as relating to trade interests, and the efficient and \n\nii \n\n\nintelligent action of hardware associations, especially those of the \njobbers and the retailers, the scope and purpose of these measures was \nmade plain to the senators and representatives and the project of par- \ncels post thus failed to receive the approval of the National Legislature. \nWhile many other trade bodies are now enlisted in the fight against \nlegislation in the interest of the mail-order houses, the hardware trade \nwith its splendid organization is to be credited with the inauguration of \nthe movement which up to the present has been so effective. \n\nPerhaps the chief benefit derived from the associations is in the \nstimulating and educational influence of the meetings. Intelligent and \nprogressive hardware merchants coming together find in their confer- \nences many suggestions in regard to the lines on which the business \ncan be most advantageously conducted, the manner in which its diffi- \nculties can most wisely be overcome, and the directions in which efforts \nfor the extension of trade should be put forth. In addition, however, \nto the practical information thus elicited, there is the advantage of the \ncontact of mind with mind and a broadening of the outlook, thus \nenabling the merchants to be worthy members of the great trade with \nwhich they are identified. With the knowledge thus acquired and the \nenthusiasm inspired there is, as one of the most important and valuable \nresults of the movement, the cultivation not only of a fraternal spirit \nin general but the promotion of acquaintance and the formation of \nlasting friendships. \n\n\nNo man prospers in this world by luck, unless \nit be the luck of getting up early, -working hard, \nand maintaining honor and integrity. — Henry \nIVani Beecher \n\n\nTHE NEW ENGLAND HARDWARE \nDEALERS' ASSOCIATION \n\n(Affiliated with the National Retail Hardware Association) \n\nORGANIZATION \n\nThe New England Hardware Dealers' Association was organized \nMarch 15, 1893, with a membership including wholesale and retail \nhardware dealers. The association held monthly meetings during \nseven or nine months of the year, which included business session and \nbanquet, followed by entertainment and addresses by members or \nguests upon timely subjects. \n\nThe work consisted of regulation of prices to a greater or less degree, \nand aided materially in promoting social intercourse among our con- \nstituent dealers. \n\nREORGANIZATION \n\nMarch 9, 1904, a meeting was held at the Boston Merchants Asso- \nciation to reorganize the association. This reorganization was brought \nabout as a result of a conference between some of the wholesale and \nretail dealer members, who believed that the association could develop \ninto a larger field of work as a strictly retailers' association, in view of \nthe fact that a jobbers' association, known as the New England Iron \nand Hardware Association, had been organized. \n\nAt the time of the reorganization an election of officers was held and \na new constitution and by-laws adopted. A series of circular letters \nwere issued and sent to every retail hardware dealer in New England \nwhose address was available to the secretary. As a result a large \nnumlier of new members were secured and the new routine entered \nupon. \n\nThe new order of things includes regular monthly meetings of the \nexecutive committee at the rooms of the Hoston Merchants Associa- \ntion, and annual meetings of the entire membership on the \"conven- \ntion \" plan ; the idea in having a less number of general meetings being \n\n'3 \n\n\nNEW ENGLAND HARDWARE DEALERS' ASSOCIATION \n\nthat a small committee could investigate and execute the business of \nthe association better than the whole membership, and that less fre- \nquent general meetings in our large territory would be much more \ninteresting and effective and more largely attended, especially in view of \nthe fact that many smaller local associations of our trade are being \nfarmed in our section to handle many of the detail arrangements. \n\nAs a result of our association executive committee work, a number \nof irregularities reported to them by members have been promptly, \namicably, and satisfactorily adjusted, and, we believe, as would not be \npossible by individual action. \n\nOUR FIRST ANNUAL CONVENTION \n\nOur first annual convention was held at the Hotel Vendome, Boston, \non March 15 and 16, 1905. A number of prominent manufacturers \nmade displays in halls adjacent to the meeting rooms, which proved \nvery interesting to the large number present. The meetings were \naddressed by prominent speakers, whose remarks were of much value \nand well received. \n\nTHE \"CONVENTION\" PLAN \n\nThe \"convention\" idea is a new departure of our trade in New \nEngland, and, we believe, creates a feeling of fellowship and enthusiasm \namong our members and friends such as can be brought about in no \nother way. \n\n\\Ve believe that interchange of ideas and experience among members \nof the same trade, coming from persons engaged in pursuit of trade in \nthe same lines but under different conditions will result mutually profit- \nable to all concerned, just as conventions and meetings of cooperative \nassociations like ours should. \n\n\nOUR PLANS FOR THE FUTURE \n\nRealizing that changes in our business life are rapidly taking place, \nwe shall attempt by cooperation to meet these conditions and to secure \nfor each member every advantage to be gained by unity of action and \npurpose. \n\n\nNEW ENGLAND HARDWARE DEALERS' ASSOCIATION \n\nSome of the objects to be obtained are : \n\n1. Closer social and business relations, with the purpose in view \nof exchange of unsalable goods, interchange of opinions in matters of \ncredit, and other matters of valuable information. \n\n2. Prevention of trade abuses and grievances by having same reported \npromptly to the executive committee of the association for investiga- \ntion and action. \n\n3. Securing the benefits of unity and consequent strength in the more \ngeneral matters of trade arbitration and legislation, more or less affect- \ning one another's business and social life. \n\nIt is not intended to encourage any scheme of individuals or firms, \nbut to consider and act upon all matters pertaining to the welfare of \nthe trade. \n\nOUR AFFILIATED ORGANIZATIONS \n\nOur association is affiliated with the National Retail Hardware Asso- \nciation, and one of our members is one of the executive committee \nof that association. \n\nOur association is represented in the New England branch of the \nNational Civic Federation. \n\nOur association is represented in the Boston Merchants Associa- \ntion, and our executive committee meets at the headquarters of this \nassociation. \n\nVarious local boards of trade and local hardware associations are \nrepresented by membership in our association. \n\nWe send delegates to the Massachusetts State Board of Trade, and \none of our executive committee is president of that organization. \n\nTHE NATIONAL RETAIL HARDWARE ASSOCIATION \n\nThe National Retail Hardware Association has upon its rolls at \npresent about 10,000 active members representing that number of live, \nup-to-date retail hardware men. The association is fast increasing in \nmembership through the addition of local territorial organization and \nthe formation of many new local associations. It is expected that in a \nvery short time the enrollment will pass the 25,000 mark. The National \nofficers are exceptionally fitted for their executive duties, and meet and \nact upon matters of vital interest to the trade individually and collec- \ntively in a wise and effective manner. The National bulletin, published \n\n'5 \n\n\nNEW ENGLAND HARDWARE DEALERS' ASSOCIATION \n\nquarterly, is mailed free to National Association members, and contains \nfull pages of information, suggestions and timely hints, and warnings of \ndoings and things necessary to be done for the perfection and harmony \nof trade conditions. \n\nAS TO LOCAL ASSOCIATIONS IN NEW ENGLAND \n\nThere are at present a number of local hardware associations in New \nEngland which are enabled to handle matters of local importance, such \nas local credits and price adjustments, in a more satisfactory manner \nthan through the larger field. It is, therefore, the line of action to have \nrepresentatives or the entire membership of these local associations \nalso join the New England Association, that with us we may coopera- \ntively work out the larger problems arising in our territory, and in turn \nreport them to the national organization. \n\nThe Secretary will be pleased to communicate at all times and give \nany available information to aid any dealer toward the formation of a \nnew local association or the affiliation of such with us. \n\n\nREASONS FOR JOINING THE NEW ENGLAND \nHARDWARE DEALERS' ASSOCIATION \n\n1. BECAUSE it identifies you with the organization of the hard \nware men of New England. \n\n2. BECAUSE it places you in touch with the best dealers in other \nstates by giving you a membership in the NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, \nand the National Hardware Bulletin FREE. \n\n3. BECAUSE there are issues to be met and questions settled in \nthe hardware trade that need the united intelligence and force of the \nwide-awake and intelligent dealers acting as a unit. \n\n4. BECAUSE at our convention you will meet and hear many of \nthe most successful men in the hardware business. \n\n5. BECAUSE our association needs your help, experience, and back- \ning in carrying out its plans. \n\n6. BECAUSE your business will be improved by our conferences \nand protected by our efforts against piratical competition and vicious \nlegislation. \n\n7. BECAUSE we need your help and you need ours. This is an age \nof organization. \n\n16 \n\n\nNEW ENGLAND HARDWARE DEALERS' ASSOCIATION \n\n\nAS TO APPLICATIONS FOR MEMBERSHIP \n\nThe secretary is in frequent receipt of inquiries regarding the steps \nnecessary to be taken in order to secure admission to the New England \nHardware Dealers' Association and the dues and assessments required. \nThe following extracts from the by-laws answer these inquiries : \n\nARTICLE I. MEMBERSHIP \n\nAny person in New England engaged in the business of selling hard- \nware at retail, and known and recognized as a regular retail hardware \ndealer, may become a member of this organization. \n\nARTICLE II. MEMBERSHIP DUES \n\nSEC. i. Each individual member of a firm shall be eligible for mem- \nbership by paying yearly dues. \n\nSEC. 2. The dues of each member shall be $5 per year. \n\nARTICLE III. APPLICATIONS FOR MEMBERSHIP \n\nSEC. i. All applications for membership shall be in the blank pro- \nvided by this association, and shall be accompanied by the membership \nfee. \n\nSEC. 2. All such applications for membership shall be referred to \nthe Executive Committee, and if approved by them shall be admitted \nto membership. \n\n\nTHE 1907 JOINT CONVENTION \n\nBelieving that it would be of vital interest to the promotion of the \nbest interests of the trade in general — retailer, jobber, and manufac- \nturer— to have a national convention in our territory to which repre- \nsentatives of each phase of trade life might come, our delegates to the \n\n1906 National Convention at Chicago, Messrs. D. Fletcher Barber and \nE. Alexander Chandler, were instructed to endeavor to secure the \n\n1907 meeting at Boston. Even though Denver and St. Louis were \neagerly working for the convention, the New England delegates did \n\n'7 \n\n\nNEW ENGLAND HARDWARE DEALERS' ASSOCIATION \n\nnot lose hope, and by arduous work succeeded in polling a good vote \nin favor of Boston, which was promptly made unanimous. \n\nIt was thought best to have the New England Convention, usually \nheld in March, postponed until the dates of the National Convention \nin order that all members might have the benefit of the larger and \nmore varied exchange of ideas and experiences. \n\n\nTIME AND PLAN \n\nUpon considering the matter further, our executive committee de- \ncided to designate the dates of June 1 8 to 21 inclusive as the dates, and \nthe New American House as the headquarters. We have secured a \nlarge reception-hall suite for committee meetings, a large meeting hall \nfor our convention assemblies and two large halls and two smaller \nadjoining halls as exhibition rooms, — all opening en suite. \n\nOur banquet will be held in the Ford Building on Ashburton Place, \na short distance from Convention Headquarters. \n\n\nEXCURSIONS AND SIGHT-SEEING \n\nInvitations have been received from the manufacturers of New Britain, \nConn., also from the United Shoe Machinery Co. to inspect their new \nplant. These trips will be arranged for, also excursions to shore resorts, \ninspection of ocean-going steamers, pilgrimages to Lexington and Concord \nand other historical and interesting sections. \n\n\nDo not drudge like a galley slave, nor do busi- \nness in such a laborious manner as if you had a \nmind to be pitied or wondered at. — Marcus A nrelius \n\n\n18 \n\n\nNEW ENGLAND CONVENTION COMMITTEES \n\n\nCommittee on Accommodation \nD. FLETCHER BARBER, Chairman F. ALEXANDER CHANDLER \n\nCommittee on Exhibits \n\nERNEST L. DAVIS, Chairman \nCALVIN M. NICHOLS BION C. PIERCE \n\nEntertainment Committee \nJOHN B. HUNTER, Chairman S. H. THOMPSON \n\nReception Committee \nJOHN B. HUNTER, Chairman \n\nFinance Committee \n\nD. FLETCHER BARBER, Chairman \nCHAS. E. ADAMS HENRY M. SANDERS \n\nPress Committee \n\nF. ALEXANDER CHANDLER, Chairman \nJOHN NELSON, The Iron Age Tuos. F. ANDERSON, Municipal Hureaii \n\n\nNATIONAL RETAIL HARDWARE ASSOCIATION \n\nOfficers, 1906-1907 \nPresident, EDWARD M. BUSH, Evansville, Ind. \n\nist Vice-President, S. R. MILES, Mason City, la. \n\n2d Vice-President, G. W. ROCKWELL, Horseheads, N. Y. \nSecretary, M. L. COREY, Argos, Ind. \n\nTreasurer, A. T. STEBBINS, Rochester, Minn. \n\nExecutive Committee \n\nE. M. BUSH, Evansville, Ind. H. L. McNAMARA, Janesville, Wis. \nS. R. MILES, Mason City, la. G. W. WOI.BERT, Bismarck, N. D. \nG. W. ROCKWELL, Horseheads, X. V. G. R. LOTT, Chicago, 111. \n\nA. T. STEBBINS, Rochester, Minn. H. J. HALL, Lincoln, Neb. \nD. F. BARBER, Boston, Mass. \n\nNEW ENGLAND HARDWARE DEALERS' ASSOCIATION \n\nOfficers, 1906-1907 \nPresident, JOHN B. HUNTER, Boston, Mass. \n\nist Vice-President, S. H. THOMPSON, Lowell, Mass. \n\n2d Vice-President, FXANK E. PEIRSOX, Pittsfield, Mass. \n\nSecretary, F. ALEXANDER CHANDLER, 36 Federal St., Boston, Mass. \nTreasurer, HENRY M. SANDERS, 27 Eliot St., Boston, Mass. \nAuditor, D. FLETCHER BARBER, 124 Summer St., Boston, Mass. \n\nDirectors \n\nCHAS. E. ADAMS, Lowell, Mass. ERNEST L. DAVIS, Boston, Mass. \n\nBION C. PIERCE, Taunton, Mass. CHAS. L. UNDERBILL, Somerville, Mass. \n\nCALVIN M. NICHOLS, Boston, Mass. W. H. UNDERWOOD, Manchester, N. H. \n\n\" Yet in opinions look not always back: \nYour wake is nothing: mind the forward track. \nNot what you've done, but what you have to do: \nDon't be consistent — just be simply true.\" \n\n— OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES. \n\nRAILROAD RATES \n\nArrangements have been made with the various railroad companies of the \ncountry for special Round-Trip rates of one fare on some lines and one fare \nplus one third on other lines, account our Joint Convention. Ask your local \nticket agent and take a receipt for fare paid. \n\nFREE TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH SERVICE \n\nThrough the courtesy of the New England Telephone & Telegraph Company, \nthe American Bell Telephone Company, and the Western Union Telegraph \nCompany, free service will be extended to those who attend the Joint Convention. \n\nINFORMATION AND ACCOMMODATION \n\nOur Secretary will be glad to assist in any way with information or securing \nof accommodations for those attending our Joint Convention. Address \n\nF. Alexander Chandler, 36 Federal Street, Boston, Mass. \n\n20 \n\n\nPROGRAM \n\nTUESDAY, JUNE 18, 1907 \n\nOpen Meeting \n10 A. M. Opening Session \n\nOpening Remarks \n\nPresident EDWARD M. BUSH, Evansville, Ind., \nNational Retail Hardware Association. \n\nPrayer \n\nRev. CHAS. A. BIDWELL, of Waverley, Mass. \n\nSinging, \" America \" \n\nMy country, 'tis of thce. My native country, thee, \n\nSweet land of lit>crty, Land of the noble free. \n\nOf thee I sin;;. Thy name I love. \n\nLand where my fathers died, I love thy rocks and rills, \n\nLand of the Pilgrims' pride. Thy woods and templed hills, \n\nFrom every mountain side My heart with rapture thrills \n\nLet freedom ring. Like that above. \n\nAddress of Welcome \n\nGov. Ci'RTis (ifii.ii. Jr., of Massachusetts. \nAddress of Welcome \n\nMayor JOHN F. FITZGERALD of Boston. \nResponse \n\nBy President EDWARD M. BUSH. \nWelcome to Joint Convention \n\nPresident Jons' B. Hl'NTER, Boston, \nNew England Hardware Dealers' Association. \n\nResponse \n\nTreasurer A. T. STEHBINS, Rochester, Minn., \nNational Retail Hardware Association. \n\nAddress \n\nPresident EDWARD M. BUSH. \n\nAddress, \" Our National Association \" \n\nEx-President W. P. BOC.ARDUS, Mt. Vernoti. Ohio, \nNational Retail Hardware Association. \n\nAnnouncement of Program and Entertainments \nImpromptu Addresses \nDistribution of Badges \n\n\" National progress is the sum of individual industry, energy, and upright- \nness. Sec that you contribute your share toward the progress of your country.\" \n\n— MARSHALL FIBLD. \n21 \n\n\nExecutive Session and Luncheon \nNational Retail Hardware Association Officers. \nNew England Hardware Dealers' Association Officers. \n\nTUESDAY AFTERNOON, AT 2 O'CLOCK \n\nOpen to National and New England members and delegates only \nOpening of Joint Convention \nAppointment of Sergeant-at-Arms \nRoll-Call \n\nPresident's Address \nSecretary's Address \nTreasurer's Address \nAddress, \"Trade Boundaries\" \n\nH. T. HELGESON, of North Dakota. \nAppointment of Committees \nReport of Joint Committee \n\nist Vice-President S. R. MILES, Mason City, la., \n\nNational Retail Hardware Association. \n\nReport of State Secretaries, Recommendations from State Associations, etc. \n4.30 Adjournment \n4.45 Official Inspection of Exhibits \n\n\" It happens a little unluckily that the persons who have the most infinite \ncontempt for money are the same that have the strongest appetite for the \npleasure it produces.\" — SHENSTOXE. \n\nWEDNESDAY, JUNE 19 \n\nNew England Association, Executive Session, Ford Building, 15 Ashburton \nPlace. \n\nNational Association, Executive Session, Convention Hall, American House. \n9.30 A. M. Report of Secretary \nReport of Treasurer \nReport of Auditor \nReport of Committees \nGeneral Business \n\nNomination and Election of Officers \n2.00 p. M. Adjourned Business Session \n\n5.00 p. M. Annual Ladies' Night Reception and Promenade Concert \n6.00 P. M. Annual Ladies' Night Banquet \n\nNew England President JOHN B. HUNTER, Toastmaster \nThe following speakers have been invited : \n\nLieutenant-Governor EBEN S. DRAPER, of Massachusetts \nMayor JOHN F. FITZGERALD, of Boston \n\nPresident E. M. BUSH, of National Retail Hardware Association \nPresident CHARLES E. ADAMS, of Massachusetts State Board of Trade \nPresident C. W. ASBURY, of National Manufacturers Association \nRev. E. A. HORTON, Chaplain Massachusetts Senate \nMrs. S. H. THOMPSON, of Lowell \n\n\" The human race is divided into two classes: those who go ahead and do \nsomething and those who sit and inquire, ' Why wasn't it done the other way?\" \" \n\n— OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES- \n22 \n\n\nTHURSDAY, JUNE 20 \n\nJoint Executive Session, open to members only \n10.00 A. v. Address, \" Re-sale Prices \" \n\nSecretary A. T. ANDERSON, Cleveland, Ohio, \nNational Supply and. Machinery Dealers' Association. \nAddress, \" Relation between the Dealer and the Manufacturer \" \n\nMr. J. H. DRURY, Union Twist Drill Company, Athol, Mass. \nAddress \n\nM. L. COKEY, Secretary National Retail Hardware Association. \nAddress, \" The Trade Press \" \n\nR. R. WILLIAMS, New York, Editor Iron Age. \nAddress, \" Ethics of Rate-Making \" \n\nEDGAR VAN* ETTEX, \nVice-President New York Central & Hudson River Railroad. \n\nGeneral Discussion. \n\n2.00 p. M. Reports of Mutual Fire Insurance \nQuestion Box \nImpromptu Discussion \n7.^0 p. M. \" Indian Supper\" for Gentlemen \n\nFRIDAY. JUNE 21 \n\nJoint Executive Session, members only \no..w A. M. Unfinished Business \nNext Meeting Place \nIntroduction of New Officers \nClosing of Convention \n\n\" Honesty, why thet's jis' simply doin' th' square thing ev'ry simile time, \nwhither th' other feller sees ymi or not.\" — GEORGE CROTSE. \n\nSIDE TRIPS AND EXCURSIONS \n\nIn preparing this advance program the Joint Convention Committee have \nendeavored to outline in a general way the business detail and hours for such \nroutine. Many other subjects will l>e discussed and speakers invited than those \nmentioned herein, for detail of which you will please inquire at the Secretary's \nInformation Bureau. \n\nExcursions will be made to the following points, and early bookings are \ndesirable. \n\nConcord and Lexington. Bunker Mill Monument. \n\nNorumbega Park. Charlestown Navy Yard. \n\nWonderland Park. The Ocean-Going Steamers, etc. \n\nNar.taskct Beach. Plymouth. \n\nNew Britain, Conn. League Baseball Games. \n\nUnited Shoe Machinery Company's Longfellow's and Lowell's Homes, \nplant at Beverly. Faneuil Hall. \n\nCOMMITTEES IN ATTENDANCE \n\nThe detail arrangements have been left in the hands of various committees \nA committee of manufacturers will assist in the work. A Committee of Ladies \nwill have charge of special programs during business hours of the Joint Con- \nvention. \n\n23 \n\n\nidle*. I^ostVn cnMcJe- booK. \n\nBOSTON \nA GUIDE BOOK \n\nBY EDWIN M. BACON \n\nRevised Edition, 1907 \n\nWITH ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAPS \n\n\nThe \n\nJohn Hancock \n\n\n•737 -.863 \n\n\nGINN & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS \n\n29 BEACON STREET, BOSTON \n\nCbe 3tbrnints out \n\nV \n\n\nVI THE WAY ABOUT TOWN \n\nthe principal connections with down-town Boston. For details of the Back Bay \nDistrict, see Plate I at the back of the book. \n\nIII. There are in Boston several important points of arrival or departure \nin which all routes center. The visitor cannot go far astray if he makes him- \nself familiar with these few landmarks. The most essential are the following : \n\nCopley Square. Through this square, Boylston Street, running nearly east \nand west, is the thoroughfare for trolley cars : cast-bound, passing through \nthe Subway, to connections with the elevated trains (at Boylston Street or Park \nStreet stations) for Charlestown and all the northern suburbs, as well as to the \nNorth Station, and (by Atlantic Avenue circuit) the various ferries, steamer \nwharves (for harbor and coastwise points), and the South Station; also east- \nbound cars which, avoiding the Subway, run to the West End and to Atlantic \nAvenue and the South Station through the business district ; and -west-bound, to \nBrookline, Brighton, Newton, Natick, Cambridge, Somerville (Spring. Hill), \nArlington, Watertown, and Waltham. Huntington Avenue, diverging to the \nsouthwest from Boylston Street at this square, is the artery for cars to Dorches- \nter, Jamaica Plain, Forest Hills, Milton, Neponset, and Quincy, as well as an \nalternative route for some of the other suburbs reached by Boylston Street. \nTrinity Place, to the south of the square, leads direct to the New York Central \nTrinity Place station (one block), where all outgoing trains stop, and at Hunt- \nington Avenue and Irvington Street (one block southwest of the square) is the \nHuntington Avenue station of the same line, where all inward-bound trains stop. \nDartmouth Street leads to the Back Bay station of the New York, New Haven \n& Hartford Railroad (one block south of the square), the stepping place for all \ntrains in both directions. \n\nIn or about Copley Square are grouped many important buildings, institutions, \nchurches, and hotels. \n\nThe Intersection of Washington, Summer, and Winter Streets, in the \nmiddle of the down-town business quarter. Washington Street is not only the \ngreat artery of retail traffic but it is the main highway of travel north and \nsouth through the older part of the city. Winter Street is but one block long \nand connects with Tremont Street at the Park Street station of the Subway ; \nSummer Street is practically a continuation of it eastward to the South Station \nand the water. \n\nOn Washington Street north-bound surface cars may be taken for Charlestown, \nEast Boston and Chelsea Ferries, East Cambridge, the North Station, and the \nWest End. South-bound cars for South Boston, Dorchester, Milton, Neponset, \nand various sections of the Roxbury and West Roxbury districts may be taken \neither at the corner or just below on Summer Street. (The railway company's \nstarter on the corner will give all information needed.) \n\nFrom this center it is but two blocks on Washington Street, north, to the Old \nSouth Meetinghouse; two blocks farther to the Old State House, at the head of \nState Street. It is in proximity to the theater quarter and is near a nest of \nhotels. \n\nPark Street, also in the down-town business quarter. Here are the cen- \ntral stations of the Subway at the head of the Common. At the head of the \nshort street (a single block in length) is the State House; at its foot is the \n\n\nTHE WAY ABOUT TOWN \n\n\nVII \n\n\nthoroughfare of Tremont Street, running south and north, from which cross \nstreets at irregular intervals lead easterly to various parts of the general business \ndistricts. \n\nScollay Square, at the junction of Tremont and Court streets, Cornhill, \nand Tremont Row. A central point from which the northern parts of the city \nare reached. Here cars for the North Station and the northern suburbs are \ntaken in the Subway. Surface cars cross the northern end of the square and \npass down Hanover Street, some bound for the North Station, others for ferries. \nState Street is a block east of this square. \n\nThe North Station, Causeway Street. This is occupied by the several \ndivisions of the Boston & Maine Railroad system, whence trains are taken for \nall points north, east, and west. \n\nThe South Station, Dewey \nSquare. Occupied by the New \nYork, New Haven & Hartford \nand the New York Central rail- \nroads, whence trains are taken \nfor the south and west. \n\nGeneral Information. Time \ntables and details of routes \nof the many and various \ntrolley lines in the city, and \nconnections \\\\ith other lines, \nare issued by the Boston \nElevated Railway Company. \nThe several railroad com- \npanies also furnish elaborate \ninformation in illustrated \nfolders and other forms as \nto (joints of interest in New \nEngland along their lines reached from Boston. These can be obtained \nby the visitor at the down-town railroad offices. At the railroad stations \nare Information Bureaus, at which the stranger should freely apply for \nany directions desired. When about the city or on .street tars similar \napplication may be made with confidence to policemen and conductors. \nThe- politeness of these officers is proverbial. \n\n\nSoi TII STATI \n\n\nHOTELS \n\n\nPRINCIPAL HOTELS OK BOSTON1 \n\nADAMS HOUSE, 553 Washington, near Boylston Street, En. plan. Rooms, $1.50 \n\nto $4 ; with bath, $2.50 to #5. \nAMERICAN HOUSE, Hanover, near Elm Street, Eu. Rooms, £1.50; for two \n\nparsons in one room, $2. \nBELLEVUE, Beacon, near Somerset Street, Eu. Rooms, £1.50 upward; with \n\nbath, $3 upward. \nBERKELEY, Boylston and Berkeley streets, Am. and Eu. Am., £3.50. Eu., \n\nrooms, $1.50 upward. \n\nBOSTON TAVERN, Washington, near Bromfield Street, Eu. Rooms, #i upward. \nBRUNSWICK, Boylston and Clarendon streets, Am. and Eu. Am., £4 upward ; \n\nEu., rooms, $1.50 upward. \n\nCASTLE SQUARE, Tremont and Chandler streets, Eu. Rooms, j?i upward. \nCECIL, Washington, near Boylston Street, Eu. Rooms, $>i upward. \nCLARENDON, Tremont, near Clarendon Street, Eu. Rooms, $i upward. \nCLARK'S, Washington, near Boylston Street, Eu. Rooms, J?i upward. \nCOMMONWEALTH, Bowdoin Street, Eu. Rooms, $i upward. \nCOPLEY SQUARE, Huntington Avenue and Exeter Street, Eu. Rooms, $i \n\nupward. \n\nCRAWFORD HOUSE, Court and Brattle streets, Eu. Rooms, $1. For two per- \nsons in one room, $2. \n\nESSEX, Dewey Square, Eu. Rooms, $1.50 upward. \nLANGHAM, Washington and Worcester streets, Am. and Eu. Am., $2 upward ; \n\nEu., rooms, $i upward. \n\nLENOX, Boylston and Exeter streets, Eu. Rooms, #1.50 upward. \nNORFOLK HOUSE, Eliot Square, Roxbury District, Am. $2.50 upward. \nNOTTINGHAM, Huntington Avenue and Blagden Street, Eu. Rooms, j?i \n\nupward. \nOXFORD, Huntington Avenue, opposite Exeter Street, Am. and Eu. Am., $2.50 \n\nupward; Eu., rooms, $>i upward. \n\nPARKER HOUSE, School and Tremont streets, Eu. Rooms, $1.50 upward. \nPLAZA, Columbus Avenue and Holyoke Street, Eu. Rooms, j?i. For two \n\nparsons in one room, $1.50. \nQUINCY HOUSE, Brattle Street and Brattle Square, Am. and Eu. Am., £3 \n\nupward; Eu., $i upward. \n\nREVERE HOUSE, Bowdoin Square, Eu. Rooms, £i upward. \nREYNOLDS, Boylston, near Washington Street, Eu. Rooms, jj5i upward; with \n\nbath, $2 upward. \nSOMERSET, Commonwealth Avenue and Charlesgate East, Eu. Rooms, #2.50 \n\nupward. \n\nTHORNDIKE, Boylston and Church streets, Eu. Rooms, ?i upward. \nTOURAINE, Boylston and Tremont streets, Eu. Rooms, #•$ to Js6 single; £4 to \n\n$S double. \nUNITED STATES HOTEL, Beach, Lincoln, and Kingston streets, Am. and Eu. \n\nAm., $2.50 upward; Eu., rooms, $i. \nVENDOME, 270 Commonwealth Avenue, corner of Dartmouth Street, Am., £5 \n\nupward. \n\nVICTORIA, Newbury and Dartmouth streets, Eu. Rooms, $2 upward. \nWESTMINSTER, Trinity Place, just out of Copley Square, Eu. Rooms, $1.50 \n\nupward. \nYOUNG'S HOTEL, Court Street and Court Square, Eu. Rooms, $1.50 upward. \n\n'Eu., European plan : Am., American plan. \n\n\nCONVENIENT CHURCHES \n\n\nTHEATERS IN BOSTON \n\nBOSTON THEATER, Washington, near West Street. \n\nBOWDOIN SQUARE, Court, near Chardon Street. \n\nCASTLE SQUARE, Tremont and Chandler streets. \n\nCOLONIAL, Boylston, near Tremont Street. \n\nCOLUMBIA, Washington and Motte streets. \n\nGLOBE, Washington and Beach streets. \n\nGRAND OPERA HOUSE, Washington, south of Dover Street. \n\nHOLLIS STREET, Hollis, between Washington and Tremont streets. \n\nKEITH'S, Washington, near West Street; entrance also on Tremont Street. \n\nMAJESTIC, Tremont, near Boylston Street. \n\nMusic HALL, Winter Street and Hamilton Place. \n\nPARK, Washington, near Boylston Street. \n\nTREMONT, Tremont, near Mason Street. \n\nThe historic Boston Museum closed finally on the evening of June i, 190^, \nafter a long career identified with many prominent actors. \n\nThere are also in Boston a number of theaters devoted to vaudeville and \nburlesque, duly advertised in the daily pipers. \n\n\nCONVENIENT CHURCHES \n\nARLINGTON STREET CHURCH, Congregational Unitarian, Arlington, corner of \nBoylston Street, Back Bay. \n\nBARNARD MEMORIAL, Congregational Unitarian, 10 Warrenton Street.- \n\nBERKELEY TEMPLE, Congregational Trinitarian, Berkeley Street, corner of \nWarren Avenue, South Knd. \n\nBOSTON SOCIETY OK THE NEW JERUSALEM CHURCH, New Church (Sweden- \nborgian), 136 Bowdoin, near Beacon Street, West Knd. \n\nBROMFIELD STREET METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, Bromfield Street. \n\nBUI.FINCH PLACE CHURCH, Congregational Unitarian, Bulfinch Place, West \nEnd. \n\nCATHEDRAL OF THE HOLY CROSS, Roman Catholic, Washington, corner f \nGainsborough Street, Back Bay. \n\nCLARENDON STREET CIIUKCII, Baptist, Clarendon, corner of Montgomery \nStreet, South End. \n\nEMMANUEL CHURCH, Protestant Episcopal, 15 Newbury Struct, Back Bay. \n\n\nCONVENIENT CHURCHES \n\n\nFIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, Clarendon Street, corner of Commonwealth Avenue, \n\nBack Bay. \n\nFIRST CHURCH, Methodist Episcopal, Temple Street, West End. \nFIRST CHURCH IN BOSTON, Congregational Unitarian, Marlborough. corner \n\nof Berkeley Street, Back Bay. \nFIRST CHURCH OF CHRIST, Scientist, Falmouth, Norway, and St. Paul streets, \n\nBack Bay. \n\nFIRST CONGREGATIONAL SOCIF.TV, Unitarian, Centre Street, Jamaica Plain. \nFIRST PARISH IN DORCHESTER, Congregational Unitarian, Meetinghouse Hill, \n\nDorchester District. \nFIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, Berkeley Street, corner of Columbus Avenue, \n\nSouth End. \nFIRST RELIGIOUS SOCIETY, Congregational Unitarian, Eliot Square, Rox- \n\nbury District. \nFIRST SPIRITUAL TEMPLE, Spiritualist. Newbury, corner of Exeter Street, \n\nBack Bay. \n\nFRIENDS' MEETING HOUSE, 210 Townsend Street. Roxbury District. \nKING'S CHAPEL, Congregational Unitarian, Tremont, corner of School Street. \nMT. VERNON CHURCH, Congregational Trinitarian, Beacon, coiner of Massa- \nchusetts Avenue. Back Bay. \nNOTRE DAME IJES VICTOIRES (French), Roman Catholic, 25 Isabella Street, \n\nSouth End. \n\nOHABEI SHOLOM, Jewish, n Union Park Street, South End. \nOLD SOUTH CHURCH, Congregational Trinitarian, Dartmouth, corner of Boyl- \n\nston Street, Back Bay. \nPARK STREET CHURCH, Congregational Trinitarian, Tremont, corner of Park \n\nStreet. \n\nPARKER MEMORIAL, Congregational Unitarian, n Appleton Street, South End. \nPEOPLE'S TEMPLE, Methodist Episcopal, Columbus Avenue, corner of Berkeley \n\nStreet, South End. \n\nRUC.GLES STREET BAPTIST CHURCH, 163 Ruggles Street. Roxbury District. \nST. JOHN THE EVANGELIST. Protestant Episcopal, Bowdoin Street. West End. \nST. LEONARD'S OF PORT MORRIS (Italian), Roman Catholic, Prince Street, \n\nNorth End. \n\nST. PAUL'S CHURCH, Protestant Episcopal, 136 Tremont Street. \nSECOND CHURCH, Congregational Unitarian, Copley Square. Back Bay. \nSECOND UNIVERSALIST CHURCH, Columbus Avenue, corner of Clarendon \n\nStreet, South End. \nSHAW.MUT CHURCH, Congregational Trinitarian, Tremont. corner of West \n\nBrookline Street, South End. \n\nSOUTH CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. Congregational Unitarian. Newbury, cor- \nner of Exeter Street, Back Bay. \n\nTABERNACLE BAPTIST CHURCH, Bowdoin Square, West End. \nTEMPLE ADATH ISRAEL, Jewish, Columbus Avenue, corner of Northampton \n\nStreet. \nTREMONT STREET METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, Tremont, corner of \n\nWest Concord Street. South End. \nTREMONT TEMPLE, Baptist, 82 Tremont Street. \nTRINITY CHURCH, Protestant Episcopal, Copley Square, Back Bay. \nUNION CHURCH, Congregational Trinitarian. 485 Columbus Avenue. South End. \nWARREN AVENUE CHURCH, Baptist, Warren Avenue, corner of West Canton \n\nStreet. \n\n\nBOSTON: A GUIDE BOOK \n\n\nI. MODERN BOSTON \n\n\nHISTORICAL SKETCH \n\nHE town of Boston was founded in 16^0 by English \ncolonists sent out by the \" Governor and Company of \nthe Massachusetts Bay in New England,\" under the \nlead of John Winthrop, the second governor of the Bay \nColony, who arrived at Salem in June of that year \nwith the charter of 1629. It originated in an order \npassed by the Court of Assistants sitting in the \"Gov- \nernor's House\" in Charlestown, on the opposite side of \nthe Charles River, first selected as their place of settle- \nment. This order was adopted September 17 (70. S.), \nand established three towns at once by the simple \ndictum, \"that Trimountane shalbe called Boston ; Mat- \ni pan, Dorchester; & yc towne vpon Charles Ryver, Waterton.\" \"Tri- \nmountane \" consisted of a peninsula with three hills, the highest (the \npresent Beacon Hill), as seen from Charlestown. presenting three distinct \npeaks. Hence this name, given it by the colonists from Endicott's com- \npany at Salem, who had preceded the Winthrop colonists in the Charles- \ntown settlement. The Indian name was \" Shawmutt,\" or ''Shaumut,\" \nwhich signified, according to some authorities, \" Living Waters,\" but according \nto others, \" Where there is going by boat,\" or \" Near the neck.\" The name of \nBoston was selected in recognition of the chief men of the company, who had \ncome from Boston in England, and particularly Isaac Johnson, \" the greatest \nfurtherer of the Colony,\" who died at Charlestown on the day of the naming. \nThe peninsula was chosen for the chief settlement primarily because of its \nsprings, the colonists at Charlestown suffering disastrously from the use of brack- \nish water. The Rev. William Blaxton. the pioneer white settler on the penin- \nsula (coming about 1625), then living alone in his cottage on the highest hill \nslope, \"came and acquainted the governor of an excellent spring there, withal \ninviting him and soliciting him thither.\" \n\nThe three-hilled peninsula originally contained only about 78} acres, cut \ninto by deep coves, estuaries, inlets, and creeks. It faced the harbor, «t the west \nend of Massachusetts Bay, into which empty the Charles and Mystic rivers. It \nwas pear-shaped, a little more than a mile wide at its broadest, and less than \nthree miles long, the stem, or neck, connecting it with the mainland (at what \nbecame Roxbury) a mile in length, and so low and narrow that parts were not \n\n\nBOSTON I'KOI'KR \n\n\ninfrequently overflowed by the tides. By the reclamation of the broad marshes \nand flats from' time to time, and the filling of the great coves, the original area \nof 783 acres has been expanded to 1801 acres; and where it was the narrowest \nit is now the widest. Additional territory has been acquired by the development \nof East Boston and South Boston, and by the annexation of adjoining cities \nand towns. Thus the area of the city has become more than thirty times as \nlarge as that of the peninsula on which the town was built. Its bounds now \n\nembrace 27,251 acres, or 42.6 square \nmiles. Its extreme length, from north \nto south, is eleven miles, and its ex- \ntreme breadth, from east to west, nine \nmiles. While the Colonial town was \nconfined to the little peninsula, its \njurisdiction at first extended over a \nlarge territory, which embraced the \npresent cities and towns of Chelsea \nand Revere on the north, and Brook- \nline, Quincy, Braintree, and Ran- \ndolph on the west and south. So \nthere was quite a respectable \"Greater \nBoston\" in those old first days. The \nmetropolitan proportions continued \ntill 1 640, and were not entirely reduced \nto the limits of the peninsula and \ncertain harbor islands till 1739. \n\nEast Boston is comprised in two \nharbor islands: Noddle's Island, \nwhich was \"layd to Boston\" in 1637, \nand Breed's (earlier Hog) Island, \nannexed in 1635. South Boston was \nformerly Dorchester Neck, a part of \nthe town of Dorchester, annexed in \n1804. The city of Roxbury (named as a town October 8, 1630) was annexed \nin 1868; the town of Dorchester (named in 1630 in the order naming Boston), \nin 1870; and in 1874 the city of Charlestown (founded as a town July 4, 1629), \nthe town of Brighton (incorporated 1807), and the town of West Roxbury \n(incorporated 1851) were by one act added. These annexed municipalities \nretain their names with the term \" District \" added to each. Boston remained \nunder town government, with a board of selectmen, till 1822. It was incorpo- \nrated a city, February 23 of that year, after several ineffectual attempts to change \nthe system. \n\nBOSTON PROPER \n\nThe term \"Boston Proper\" is customarily used to designate the \noriginal city exclusive of the annexed parts ; but for the purposes \nof this Guide we comprehend in the term the entire municipality, as \n\n\nOLD AND NEW BOSTON \n\n\nSECTIONS OF THE CITY 3 \n\ndistinguished from the allied cities and towns, closely identified with it \nin business and social relations, but yet independent political corpora- \ntions. Together with the municipality these allied cities and towns \nconstitute what is colloquially known as Greater Boston. This metro- \npolitan community is officially recognized at present only in two state \ndepartments : the Metropolitan Parks and the consolidated Metropoli- \ntan Water and Sewerage Departments ; and in part in the Boston Postal \nDistrict established by the Post Office Department. Of these several \ndistricts the Metropolitan Parks District is the largest, comprising Bos- \nton and thirty-eight cities and towns within a radius of twelve miles \nfrom the City Hall, having a combined population of 1,168,950 (cen- \nsus, 1900). The Metropolitan Water District includes seventeen cities \nand towns; the Metropolitan Sewerage District, twenty-four; and the \nBoston Postal District, ten. The \" Boston Basin,\" however, is regarded \nas constituting the true bounds of \" Greater Boston.\" This includes a \nterritory of some fifteen miles in width, lying between the bay on the east, \nthe range of Blue Hills on the south, and the ridges of the Wellington \nHills sweeping from Waltham on the west around toward Cape Ann on \nthe north. It now embraces thirty-six cities and towns, with a popula- \ntion (1900) of 1,164,171. The population of Boston alone is 560,892. \n\nThe present city is divided by custom long established into several \ndistinct sections. These are : \n\nThe Central District or General Business Quarter \n\nThe North End \n\nThe West End \n\nThe South End \n\nThe Back Bay Quarter \n\nThe Brighton District, on the west side \n\nThe Koxbury District, on the south \n\nThe West Koxbury District, on the southwest \n\nThe Dorchester District, on the southeast \n\nThe Charlestown District, on the north \n\nEast Boston on its two islands, on the northeast \n\nSouth Boston projecting into the harbor, on the east \n\nThe Business Quarters now occupy not only the Central District, but \nextend over most of the North End. parts of the West End and of \nthe South End, and penetrate even the Back Hay Quarter, laid out in \ncomparatively modern times (1860-1886), where the bay had been, as \nthe fairest residential quarter of the rity and the place for its finest \narchitectural monuments. \n\n\nBOSTON PROPER \n\n\ni. THE CENTRAL DISTRICT \n\nThe Central District (see Plates II and III) \nis of first interest to the visitor, for here are \nmost of the older historic landmarks. This \nsmall quarter of the present city, together with \nthe North End, embraces that part of the \noriginal peninsula to which the historic town — \nColonial, Provincial, and Revolutionary Boston \n— was practically confined. The town \nof 1630 was begun along the irregular \nwater front, the principal houses being \nplaced round about the upper part of \nwhat is now State Street, modern Bos- \nton's financial center, and on or near \n.the neighboring Dock Square, back of \nthe present Faneuil Hall, where was the \nfirst Town Dock, occupying nearly all of \nthe present North Market Street, in the \n\" Great Cove.\" The square originally \nat the head of State Street (first Market, \nthen King Street), in the middle of which \n\nnow stands the Old State House, was the first center of town life. At \nabout this point, accordingly, our explorations naturally begin. \n\nState Street Square and the Old State House. Our starting place is \nthe present State-Street Square, which the Old State House faces. \nThis itself is one of the most notable historic spots in Boston. For \nthe first quarter-century of Colony life the entire square, including the \nspace occupied by the Old State House, was the public marketstead. \nThursday was market day, — the day also of the \"Thursday Lecture\" \nby the ministers. Early (1648) semiannual fairs here, in June and \nOctober, were instituted, each holding a market for two or three days. \nHere were first inflicted the drastic punishments of offenders against \nthe rigorous laws, and here unorthodox literature was burned. \n\nThe Stocks, the Whipping Post, and the Pillory were earliest placed \nhere. When the town was a half-century old a Cage, for the confine- \nment and exposure of violators of the rigid Sunday laws, was added to \nthese penal instruments. In the Revolutionary period the Stocks stood \nnear the northeast corner of the Old State House, with the Whipping \nPost hard by ; while the Pillory when used was set in the middle of the \nsquare between the present Congress Street (first Leverett's Lane) on \nthe south side and Exchange Street (first Shrimpton's Lane, later Royal \n\n\nSTATE STREET SQUARE 5 \n\nExchange Lane) on the north. The Whipping Post lingered here till \nthe opening of the nineteenth century. \n\nThis square continued to be the gathering place of the populace from \nthe Colonial through the Province period on occasion of momentous \nevents. It was the rendezvous of the people in the \"bloodless revolu- \ntion\" of April, 1689, when the government of Andros was overthrown. \nIn the Stamp Act excitement of 1765 a stamp fixed upon a pole was \nsolemnly brought here by a representative of the \" Sons of Liberty \" \nand fastened into the town Stocks, after which it was 'publicly burned \nby the \"executioner.\" On the evening of March 5, 1770, the so-called \nBoston Massacre, the fatal collision between the populace and the sol- \ndiery, occurred here, the site being indicated by a tablet on the building \nat the Exchange Street corner, northwest. \n\nOn the south side of the original marketstead, by the present Devon- \nshire Street (first Pudding Lane), where now is the modern Brazer's \nHuilding (27 State Street), was the first meetinghouse, a rude structure \nof mud walls and thatched roof. This also served through its existence \nof eight years for Colonial puqjoses, as the carved inscription above the \nentrance of Brazer's Building relates : \n\nSite of the First Meetinghouse in Boston, built A.n. 1632. \nPreachers: John Wilson, John Eliot, John Cotton. \nUsed before 1640 for town meetings and for \nsessions of the General Court of the Colony. \n\nAt the upper end of this side of the marketstead, extending to Wash- \nington Street (first The High Street), were the house and garden lot of \nCaptain Robert Keayne, charter member and first commander of the first \n\"Military Company of the Massachusetts\" (founded 1637, chartered \n1638), from which developed the still flourishing \"Ancient and Honor- \nable Artillery Company,\" the oldest military organization in the country. \nA century later, on the Washington Street corner, was Daniel Henchman's \nbookshop, in which Henry Knox, afterward the Revolutionary general \nand Washington's friend, learned his trade and ultimately succeeded to \nthe business. When the British regulars were quartered on the town, \nin 1768-1770, the Main Guardhouse was on this side, directly opposite \nthe south door of the Old State House, with the two fieklpieces pointed \ntoward this entrance. \n\nOn the west side of the marketstead, — the present Washington \nStreet, — nearly opposite Captain Keayne's lot, was the second meet- \ninghouse, built in 1640, the site now occupied by the Rogers Building \n(209 Washington Street). This was used for all civic purposes, as well \nas religious, through eighteen years. \n\n\nCENTRAL DISTRICT \n\n\nIt stood till 1711, when it was destroyed in the \" Great Fire\" (the eighth \n\" Great Fire \" in the young town) of October that year, with one hundred other \nbuildings in the neighborhood. Its successor, on the same spot, was the \" Brick \nMeetinghouse \" which remained for almost a century. \n\nNorth of the second meetinghouse site, where is now the Sears \nBuilding (199 Washington Street), was the house of John Leverett, after- \nward Governor Leverett (1673). On the opposite corner, now covered \nby the Ames Building (Washington and Court streets), was the home- \nstead of Henry Dunster, first president of Harvard College. \n\nOn the north side of the marketstead, near the east corner of the \npresent Devonshire Street, was the glebe of the first minister of the \nfirst church, the Rev. John Wilson, with his house, barn, and two gar- \ndens. His name was perpetuated in \nll'i/soii's LIIHL, which was cut through \nhis garden plot in 1640, and which in \nturn was absorbed in the widened \nDevonshire Street. \n\nLooking again across to the south \nside, we see the site of Governor Win- \n\n\\* '\"\". * fl£ throp's first house, covered by the ex- \n\npansive Exchange Building (53). It \nstood on or close to the ground occu- \npied by the entrance hall of the build- \ning. \n\nThis was the governor's town house for \nthirteen years from the settlement. Thence \nhe removed to his last Boston home, the \nmansion which stood next to the Old South \nMeetinghouse. The_/i>J/ General Court — the incipient Legislature — ever held \nin America, October 19, 1630, may have sat in the governor's first house, the \nframe of which was brought here from Cambridge, where the governor first \nproposed building. \n\nAt the corner of Kilby Street (first Mackerel Lane), where the \nExchange Building ends, stood the Bunch-of-Grapes Tavern of Provin- \ncial times, with its sign of a gilded carved cluster of grapes, the pop- \nular resort of the High Whigs in the prerevolutionary period. It \ndated from 1711, and was preceded by a Colonial \"ordinary,\" as tav- \nerns were then called, of 1640 date. In the street before the Bunch- \nof-Grapes' doors, the lion and unicorn, with other emblems of royalty \nand signs of Tories that had been torn from their places during the cele- \nbration of the news of the Declaration of Independence in July, 1776, \nwere burned in a great bonfire. \n\n\nDOORWAY, EXCHANGE BUILDING \n\n\nSTATE STREET SQUARE \n\n\n7 \n\n\nThe Bunch-of-Grapes was a famous tavern of its time. In 1750 Captain \nFrancis Goelet, from England, on a commercial visit to the town, recorded in \nhis diary that it was \" noted for the best punch house in Boston, resorted to by \nmost of the gent\" merchts and masters vessels.\" After the British evacuation, \nwhen Washington spent ten days in Boston, he and his officers were entertained \nhere at an \" elegant dinner \" as part of the official ceremonies of the occasion. \nThe tavern was especially distinguished as the place where in March, 1786, the \ngroup of Continental army officers, \nunder the inspiration of General Rufus \nPutnam of Rutland (cousin of General \nIsrael Putnam), organized the Ohio \nCompany which settled Ohio, begin- \nning at Marietta. \n\nState Street, when King Street, \npractically ended at Kilby Street on \nthe south side and Merchants Row on \nthe north, till the reclamation of the \nflats beyond, high-water mark being \noriginally at these points. \" Mackerel \nI,ane\" was a narrow passage by the \nshore till after the il Great Fire of 1 760,\" \nwhich destroyed much property in the \nvicinity. Then it was widened and \nnamed Kilby Street in recognition of \nthe generous aid which the sufferers \nby the fire had received from Chris- \ntopher Kilby, a wealthy Boston mer- \nchant, long resident in London as the \nagent for the town and colony, but \nthen living in New York. \n\nNearly opposite the Bunch-of- On, SIAIK Hot SK \n\nGrapes, at about the present No. \n\n66, stood the British Coffee House, where the British officers principally \nresorted. It was here in 1769 that James Otis was assaulted by John \nRobinson, one of the royal commissioners of customs, upon whom the \nfiery orator had passed some severe strictures, and thus through a deep \ncut on his head this brilliant intellect was shattered. \n\nAt the east corner of Exchange Street was the Royal Customhouse, \nwhere the attack upon its sentinel by the little mob of men and boys, \nwith a fusillade of street snow and ice. and taunting shouts, led to the \nMassacre of 1770. The opposite, or west, corner was occupied by the \nRoyal Exchange Tavern, dating from the early eighteenth century, another \nresort of the British officers stationed in town. It was here in 17^7 that \noccurred the altercation which resulted in the First Duel fought in \nBoston (on the Common), when Benjamin Woodbridge was killed by \n\n\nCENTRAL DISTRICT \n\n\nHenry Phillips, both young men well connected with the \"gentry\" of \nthe town, the latter related by marriage to Peter Faneuil, the giver \nof Faneuil Hall. Woodbridge's grave is in the Granary Burying Ground, \nand can be seen close by the sidewalk fence. \n\nIt was this grave which inspired those tender passages in the \" Autocrat of \nthe Breakfast Table\" describing \" My First Walk with the Schoolmistress.\" \n\nThe Old State House dates from 1 748. Its outer walls, however, are \nolder, being those of its predecessor, the second Town and Province \nHouse, built in 1712-1713. That house was destroyed by fire, all but \nthese walls, in 1747, sharing very nearly the fate of its predecessor, the \nfirst Town House and colonial building, which went down in the \" Great \nFire \" of 1711 with the second meetinghouse and neighboring, buildings \nand dwellings. It occupies the identical site in the middle of the market- \nstead chosen for the first Town House in 1657. It has served as Town \n\nHouse, Court House, \nProvince Court House, \nState House, and City \nHall. As the Province \nCourt House, identified \nwith the succession of \nprerevolutionary \nevents in Boston, it has \na special distinction \namong the historical \nbuildings of the coun- \ntry. After its abandon- \nment for civic uses it \nsuffered many vicissi- \ntudes and indignities, being ruthlessly refashioned, made over, and \npatched for business purposes, that the city which owns it might wrest \nthe largest possible rentals from it; and in the year 1881 its removal \nwas seriously threatened, to make way for street improvements. Then, \nthrough the well-directed efforts of a number of worthy citizens, its \npreservation-was secured, and in 1882 the historic structure was restored \nto much the appearance which it bore in Provincial days. \n\nIn both exterior and interior the original architecture is in large part \nreproduced. The balcony of the second story has the window of twisted \ncrown glass, out of which have looked all the later royal governors of \nthe Province and the early governors of the Commonwealth. The win- \ndows of the upper stories are modeled upon the small-paned windows \nof Colonial days. Within, the main halls have the same floor and \n\n\nCOUNCIL CHAMBER, OLD STATE HOUSE \n\n\nOLD STATE HOUSE \n\n\nceilings, and on three sides the same walls that they had in 1748. The \neastern room on the second floor, with its outlook down State Street, \nwas the Council Chamber, where the royal governors and the council \nsat. The western room was the Court Chamber. Between the two \nwas the Hall of the Representatives. The King's arms, which were in \nthe Council Chamber before the Revolution, were removed by Loyalists \nand sent to St. John, New Brunswick, where they now decorate a church. \nThe carved and gilded arms of the Colony (handiwork of a Boston arti- \nsan, Moses Deshon), displayed above \nthe door of the Representatives Hall \nafter 1750, disappeared with the Revo- \nlution. The Wooden Codfish, \"emblem \nof the staple of commodities of the \nColony and the Province,\" which \nhung from the ceiling of this chamber \nthrough much of the Province period, \nis reproduced in the more artistic \nfigure (embellished by Walter M. \nBracket!, the master painter of fish \nand game) that now hangs in the \nRepresentatives Hall of the present \nState House. \n\nThe restored rooms above the base- \nment are open for public exhibition, \nwith the rare collection of antiquities \nrelating to the early history of the \nColony and Province, as well as the \n\nState and the Town, brought together FKANKI.IN PKESS, OLD STATK Horse \nby the Bostonian Society, to whose \n\ncontrol these rooms passed, through lease by the city, upon the resto- \nration of the building. The collection embraces a rich variety of \ninteresting relics: historical manuscripts and papers; quaint paintings, \nengravings, and prints ; numerous portraits of old worthies; and many \nphotographs illustrating Boston in various periods. In the Council \nChamber is the old table formerly used by the royal governors and \ncouncillors. \n\nThe Hostonian Society, established here, was incorporated in iSSi \"to pro- \nmote the study of the history of Boston, and the preservation of its antiquities\"; \nand in it was merged the Antiquarian Club, organized in 1X71) especially for the \npromotion of historical research, whose members had been most intluenti.il in the \ncampaign for the preservation of this building. It has rendered excellent service \nin the identification of historic sites and in verifying historical records. \n\n\nio DO\\VNT STATE STREET \n\nDeep down below the basement of the building is now the State \nStreet station of the East Boston Subway, or tunnel for electric cars, \nwhich runs directly under the historic structure to Scollay Square, \nwhere it connects by foot passageways with the older Boston Subway. \n\nThe first Town House, completed in 1659, was provided for by the will of \nCaptain Keayne, the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company's chief founder \n(the longest will on record, comprising 158 folio pages in the testator's own \nhand, though disposing of only ^4000). Captain Keayne left ^300 for the pur- \npose, and to this sum was added £,100 more, raised by subscription among the \ntownspsople, paid largely in provisions, merchandise, and labor. It was a small \n\"comely building\" of wood, set upon twenty pillars, overhanging the pillars \n\" three feet all around,\" and topped by two tall slender turrets. The place \ninclosed by the pillars was a free public market, and an exchange, or \"walk for \nthe merchants.\" \n\nIt contained the beginnings of the first public library in America, \nfor which provision was mada in Captain Keayne's will. Portions of this \nlibrary were saved from the fire of 1711 which destroyed the building; but \nthese probably perished later in the burning of the second Town and Province \nHouse \n\nThe second house, of brick, completed in 1713, also had an open public \nexchange on the street floor. Surrounding it were thriving booksellers' shops, \nobserving which Daniel Neal, visiting the town in 1719, was moved to remark \nthat \" the Knowledge of Letters flourishes more here than in all the other Eng- \nlish plantations put together; for in the city of New York there is but one book- \nseller's shop, and in the Plantations of Virginia, Maryland, Carolina. Barbadoes, \nand the Islands, none at all.\" So, it appears, thus early Boston was the \"liter- \nary center \" of the country, a fact calculated to bring almost as great satisfaction \nto the complacent Bostonian as that later-day saying in the \"Autocrat\" (in \nwhich this stamp of Bostonian declines to recognize any satire), that \" Boston \nState-House is tha hub of the solar system.\" \n\nDown State Street. Following State Street to its end, we shall come \nupon Long Wharf (originally Boston Pier, dating from 1710), where the \nformal landings of the royal governors were made, the main landing \nplace of the British soldiers when they came, and the departing place \nat the Evacuation. At that time it was a long, narrow pier, extending \nout beyond the other wharves, the tide ebbing and flowing beneath the \nstores that lined it. Atlantic Avenue, the water-front thoroughfare \nthat now crosses it, and on which the elevated railway runs, follows \ngenerally the line of the ancient Barricade, an early harbor defense \nerected in 1673 between the north and south outer points of the \" Great \nCove.\" It connected the North Battery, where is now Battery Wharf, \nand the South Battery, or \" Boston Sconce,\" at the present Rowe's \nWharf, where the steamer for Nantasket is taken. It was provided \n\n\nFANEU1L HALL AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD \n\n\nwith openings to allow vessels to pass inside, and so came to be \ngenerally called the \" Out Wharves.\" Its line is so designated on \nthe early maps. \n\nIn the short walk down State Street are passed in succession on \neither side of the way notable modern structures that have almost \nentirely replaced the varied architecture of different periods, which \nbefore gave this street a peculiar distinction and a certain picturesque- \nness that is now wanting. The Exchange Building takes the place of \nthe first Merchants' Exchange, a dignified building in its day (1842- \n1890), covering a very small part of the ground over which the pres- \nent structure spreads. The Board of Trade Building, at the east corner \nof Broad Street, is, perhaps, the most attractive in design of the newer \narchitecture. At the India Street corner, its massive granite-pillared \nfront facing that street, is the United States Custom House (dating from \n1847), in marked contrast with its \nyounger neighbors. This occupied \nseveral years in building, and the \ntransportation of the heavy granite \ncolumns, each weighing about \nforty-two tons, which surround it \non all sides, was a great feat for \nthe time. Its site was the head \nof Long \\Vharf, and the bowsprits \nof vessels lying there, stretching \nacross the street, almost touched \nits eastern side. CI'STOM HOI-SK \n\nOn India Street, a few rods south \n\nof this specimen of a past architecture, is the modern Chamber of Com- \nmerce (built in 1902), also of granite. Viewed from a distance, its \nrounded front, with turreted dormer windows and conical tower, has \na unique appearance. Opposite it opens Custom House Street, only a \nblock in length, where is still standing the Old Custom House, built in \n1810, in which Bancroft, the historian, served as collector of the port \nin 1838-1841, and which was the \" darksome dungeon\" where Haw \nthorne spent his two years as a customs officer, first as a measurer of \nsalt and coal, then as a weigher and ganger. \n\nFaneuil Hall and its Neighborhood. From lower State Street we can \npass to Faneuil Hall by way of Commercial Street and tin- long granite \nQuincy Market House, — the central piece of the great work of the first \nMayor Josiah Quincy, in 182^-1826, in the construction <>f six nc\\v \nstreets over a sweep of flats and docks, — <>r we may go direct from the \nOld State House through Exchange Street, a walk of a few minutes. \n\n\nFANEUIL MALL AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD \n\n\nFaneuil Hall as now seen is the \" Cradle of Liberty \" of the Revolu- \ntionary period doubled in width and a story higher. The enlargement \nwas made in 1805, under the superintendence of Charles Bulfinch, the \npioneer Boston architect of enduring fame, whose most characteristic \nwork we shall see in the \" Bulfinch Front \" of the present State House. \nThe hall was built in 1762-1763, upon the brick walls of the first \nFaneuil Hall, Peter Faneuil's gift to the town in 1742, which was \nconsumed, except its walls, in a fire in January, 1762. Bulfinch, in his \nwork of 1805, introduced the galleries resting on Doric columns, and \nthe platform with its extended front, with various interior embellish- \nments. In 1898 the entire building was reconstructed with fireproof \n\nmaterial on the Bulfinch plan, \niron, steel, and stone being sub- \nstituted for wood and combus- \ntible material. \n\nOf the fine collection of por- \ntraits on the walls many are \ncopies, the originals having been \nplaced in the Museum of Fine \nArts for safe-keeping. The great \nhistorical painting at the back of \nthe platform, \" Webster's Reply \nto Ilayne,\" by G. P. A. Healy, \ncontains one hundred and thirty \nportraits of senators and other \nmen of distinction at that time. \nThe scene is the old Senate \nChamber, now the apartment \nof the United States Supreme \nCourt. The canvas measures \nsixteen by thirty feet. The por- \ntrait of Peter Faneuil, on one \nFAXEVIL HAM. sidg of thig paintjng) js a copy \n\nby Colonel Henry Sargent, from a smaller portrait in the Art Museum, \nand was given to the city by Samuel Parkman, grandfather of the his- \ntorian Parkman. It takes the place of a full-length portrait executed \nby order of the town in 1744, as a \"testimony of respect\" to the \ndonor of the hall, which disappeared, and was probably destroyed, at \nthe siege of Boston, — the fate also of portraits of George II, Colonel \nIsaac Barre, and Field Marshal Conway, the last two solicited by the \ntown in gratitude for their defense of Americans on the floor of Parlia- \nment. The full-length Washington, on the other side of the great \n\n\nANCIENT AND HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY 13 \n\npainting, is a Gilbert Stuart. It, also, was presented to the town by \nSamuel Parkman, in 1806. Of the portraits elsewhere hung, those of \nWarren, Hancock, Samuel Adams, John Adams, and John Quincy \nAdams are all Copleys. The General Harry Knox and the Commo- \ndore Preble are credited to Stuart. The Abraham Lincoln and Rufus \nChoate are by Ames. The \"war governor,\" John A. Andrew, is by \nWilliam M. Hunt. The others — Robert Treat Paine, Caleb Strong, \nEdward Everett, Admiral Winslow, Wendell Phillips, and Anson Bur- \nlingame — are by various American painters. The ornamental clock \nin the face of the gallery over the main entrance was a gift of Boston \nschool children in 1850. The gilded spread eagle was originally on the \nfacade of the United States Bank which, erected in 1798, preceded \nthe first Merchants' Exchange on State Street. The gilded grass- \nhopper on the cupola of the building, serving as a weather vane, is the \nreconstructed, or rejuvenated, original one of 1742, fashioned from \nsheet copper by the \"cunning artificer,\" \"Deacon\" Shem Drowne, \nimmortalized by Hawthorne in \" Drowne's Wooden Image.\" \n\nThe floors above the public hall have been occupied by the Ancient \nand Honorable Artillery Company for many years. Its armory is a rich \nmuseum of relics of Colonial, Provincial, and Revolutionary times, \nand is hospitably open to appreciative inspection. Among the treas- \nured memorials here are the various banners of the company, the \noldest being that carried in 1663. Eighteen silk flags reproduce colo- \nnial colors and their various successors. In the London room are \nmementos of the visit of a section of the company to England in the \nsummer of 1896, as guests of the Honourable Artillery Company of \nLondon. On the walls of the main hall are portraits of one hundred \nand fourteen captains of the company. On the street floor of the \nbuilding is the market, which has continued from its establishment \nwith the first Faneuil Hall in 1742. John Smibert, the Scotch painter, \nlong resident and celebrated in Boston from 1729, was the architect of \nthe first building. \n\nFaneuil Mall was instituted primarily as a market house, the inclusion of a \npublic town hall in the scheme being an afterthought of the donor. 1'eter \nFaneuil's offer to provide a suitable building at his own expense upon condition \nonly that the town should legali/e and ni.iint.iiii it, was at a time of controversy \nover the town market houses then existing. Three had lx.vn set up seven years \nbefore, one close to this site, in Dock Square: one at the North F.nd. in North \nSquare ; the third at the then South Knd, by the south corner of the present \nBoylston and Washington streets. The Dock Square market was the principal \none, and tin's had recently been demolished by a mob \"disguised as clergymen.\" \nThe contention was over the market system. One faction demanded a return to \n\n\n14 FANEUIL HALL AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD \n\nthe method of service at the home of the townspeople, as before the setting up \nof these market houses ; the others insisted upon the fixed market-house system. \nSo high did the feeling run that Faneuil's gift was accepted by the town by the \nnarrow margin of seven votes. \n\nThe building was completed in September, 1742. It was only one hundred \nfeet in length and forty feet wide. But it was of brick, and substantial. The \nhall, calculated to hold only one thousand persons, was pronounced in the vote \nof the first town meeting held in it as \" spacious and beautiful/' In the same \nvote it was named Faneuil Hall, \" to be at all times hereafter called and known \nby that name,\" in testimony of the town's gratitude to its giver and to perpatu- \nate his memory. Then his full-length portrait was ordered for the hall ; and a \nyear and a half later the Faneuil arms, \"elegantly carved and gilt\" by Moses \nDeshon, the same who later carved the Colony seal for the Town House (see \np. 9), was added at the town's expense. \n\nThe first public gathering in the hall, other than a town meeting, was, sin- \ngularly, to commemorate Faneuil, he having died suddenly, March 3, 1743, \nbut a few months after the completion of the building. On this occasion the \neulogist was John Lovell, master of the Latin School, who in the subsequent \nprerevolutionary controversies was a Loyalist, and at the Evacuation went off to \nHalifax. The Faneuils who succeeded Peter, his nephews, were also Loyalists, \nand left the country with the Evacuation. \n\nThe second Faneuil Hall, embraced in the present structure, was built by the \ntown, and the building fund was largely obtained through a lottery authorized by \nthe General Court. The first public meeting in this hall was on March 14, 1763, \nwhen the patriot James Otis was the orator, and by him the hall was dedicated \nto the \" Cause of Liberty.\" Then followed those town meetings of the Revolu- \ntionary period, debating the question of \" justifiable resistance,\" from which the \nhall derived its sobriquet of the \"Cradle of American Liberty.\" In 1766 on \nthe news of the Stamp Act repeal the hall was illuminated. In 1768 one of the \nBritish regiments was quartered here for some weeks. In 1772 the Boston Com- \nmittee of Correspondence, \" to state the rights of the colonists \" to the world, \nwas established here, on that motion of Samuel Adams which Bancroft says \n\"contained the whole Revolution.\" In 1773 the \"Little Senate,\" composed \nof the committees of the several towns, began their conferences with the . \n\"ever-vigilant\" Boston committee, in the selectmen's room. During the siege \nthe hall was transformed into a playhouse, under the patronage of a society \nof British officers and Tory ladies, when soldiers were the actors, and a \nlocal farce, \" The Blockade of Boston,\" by General Burgoyne, was the chief \nattraction. \n\nSince the Revolution the hall has been the popular meeting place of citizens \non important and grave occasions, and a host of national leaders, orators, and \nagitators have spoken from its historic rostrum. In 1825 Webster delivered here \nhis memorable eulogy on Adams and Jefferson, in the presence of President \nJohn Quincy Adams and an audience of exceptional character. Here in 1837 \nWendell Phillips made his first antislavery speech; in 1845 Charles Sumner first \npublicly appeared in this cause; in 1846 the antislavery Vigilance Committee \nwas formed at a meeting to denounce the return of a fugitive slave; in 1854 the \n\n\nHANCOCK TAVERN \n\n\npreconcerted signal was given, at a crowded meeting to protest against the \nrendition of Anthony Burns, for the bold but fruitless move on the Court House \n(see p. 19) to effect the escape of this fugitive slave. \n\nFaneuil Hall is protected by a provision of the city charter forbidding its sale \nor lease. It is never let for money, but is opened to the people upon the request \nof a certain number of citizens, who must agree to comply with the prescribed \nregulations. \n\nFaneuil Hall occupies made land close to the head of the Old \nTown Dock. The streets around the sides and back of the building \nconstitute Faneuil Hall Square. From the south side of this square \nopens Corn Court, which runs in irregular form to Merchants Row. \nThis space was the Corn Market of Colonial times. A landmark \nof a later day here, which remained till 1903, was an old inn \nlong known as Hancock Tavern. While not so ancient as it was \nassumed to be, nor occupying, as \nalleged, the site of the first tavern \nin the town, it was an interesting \nlandmark with rich associations. \nIt became the Hancock Tavern when \nJohn Hancock was made the first \ngovernor of the Commonwealth, and \nthe swing sign displaying his roughly \npainted portrait is still preserved. \nAt other periods it was the Bra/ier \nInn, kept by Madam Brazier, niece \nof Provincial Lieutenant Governor \nSpencer 1'hipps (1733), who made \na specialty of a noonday punch for \nits patrons. In this tavern lodged \nTalleyrand, when exiled from France, \nduring his stay in Boston in 1795; \n\nalso, two years later, Louis Philippe; and, in i 7<)o, lh<' exiled \nFrench priest, John Cheverus, who afterward became the first Roman \nCatholic bishop of Boston. A modern office building is to occupy \nits site. \n\nEast of Corn Court, near the east end of Faneuil Hall, also on land \nreclaimed from the Town Dork, was John Hancock's Store, where he \nadvertised for sale \" English and India goods, also choice Newcastle \nCoals and Irish Butter, Cheap for Cash.\" West of Corn Court opens \nChange Alley (incongruously designated as \"avenue\"), a quaint, narrow \nfoot passage to State Street, one of the earliest ways established in \nthe town. It was sometime Flagg Alley, from being laid out with flag \n\n\n!*IIK ADAMS STATTK \n\n\n16 COKNII1LL AND ABOUT SCOLLAY SQUARE \n\nstones. Until the erection of the great financial buildings that now \nlargely wall it in, the alley was picturesque with bustling little shops. \n\nOn the west side of Faneuil Hall Square the triangle, covered with \nlow, old buildings, marks the head of the ancient Town Dock. \n\nOld Dock Square makes into modern Adams Square (opened in 1879), \nnear the middle of which stands the bronze statue of Samuel Adams, \nby Anne Whitney. This is a counterpart of the statue of the revolu- \ntionary leader in the Capitol at Washington. It portrays him as he is \nsupposed to have appeared when before Lieutenant Governor Hutchin- \nson and the council, in the Council Chamber of the Old State House, \nas chairman of the committee of the town meeting the day after the \nBoston Massacre of 1770, and at the moment that, having delivered \nthe people's demand for the instant removal of the British soldiers \nfrom the town, he stood with a resolute look awaiting Ilutchinson's \nreply. \n\nThe principal architectural feature of this open space is the stone \nAdams Square Station of the Subway. \n\nCornhill and about Scollay Square. From the west side of Adams \nSquare we pass into Cornhill, early in its day a place of bookshops, \nand still occupied by several booksellers at long-established stands. \nIt is the second Cornhill, the first having been the part of the present \nWashington Street between old Dock Square and School Street. Wash- \nington Street originally ended at Dock Square north of the present \nCornhill. and its extension to Haymarket Square (1872), where it now \nends, greatly changed this part of the town and obliterated various \nlandmarks. A little north of the present opening of Cornhill, lost in \nthe Washington Street extension, was the site of the dwelling of Ben- \njamin Edes, where, on the afternoon preceding the Boston Tea Party of \nDecember 16, 1773, a number of the leaders in that affair met and \npartook of punch from the punch bowl now possessed by the Massa- \nchusetts Historical Society. \n\nThis Cornhill dates from 1816, and was first called Cheapside, after \nthe London fashion. Then for a while it was Market Street, being a \nnew way to Faneuil Hall Market. From its northerly side was once an \narchway leading to Brattle Street and old Dock Square^ which also \ndisappeared in the extension of Washington Street. Midway, at its \ncurve toward Court Street, where it ends, it is crossed by Franklin \nAvenue (another short passageway, or alley, with this ambitious title), \nat the Court Street end of which was Edes & Gill's printing office, the \nprincipal rendezvous of the Tea-Party men, in a back room of which a \nnumber of them assumed their disguise. This was on the westerly \ncorner of the \"avenue,\" then Dasset Alley, and Court, then Queen, \n\n\nBRATTLE SQUARE CHURCH 17 \n\nStreet. Earlier, on the east corner, was the printing office of Benjamin \nFranklin's brother James, where the boy Franklin learned the printer's \ntrade as his brother's apprentice, and composed those ballads on \" The \nLighthouse Tragedy\" and on \" Teach \" (or \" Blackbeard\"), the pirate, \nwhich he peddled about the streets with a success that \" flattered \" \nhis \"vanity,\" though they were \"wretched stuff,\" as he confesses in \nhis Autobiography. Here James Franklin issued his New England \nCi'iiraiit, the fourth newspaper that appeared in America, which \nFranklin managed during the month in which his brother was impris- \noned for printing an article offensive to the Assembly, and himself \n\" made bold to give our rulers some rubs in it \" ; and which, after \nJames's release inhibited from publishing, was issued for a while \nunder Benjamin's name. \n\nThe north end of Franklin Avenue, from Cornhill by a short flight of \nsteps, is at Brattle Street, a short distance above the site of Murray's \nBarracks, on the opposite side, where were quartered the Twenty- \nNinth, the regiment of the British force of 1768—1770 most obnoxious \nto the \" Bostoneers,\" and where the fracas began that culminated in \nthe Boston Massacre. The Quincy House, nearer the avenue's end, \ncovers the site of the first Quaker meetinghouse, built in 1697, the first \nbrick meetinghouse in the town. Opposite the side of the Quincy \nHouse, facing Brattle Square, stood till 1871 the Brattle Square \nChurch, which after the Revolution bore on its front a memento of \nthe Siege, in the shape of a cannon ball, thrown there by an Amer- \nican battery at Cambridge on the night of the Evacuation. This was \nthe meetinghouse alluded to in Holmes's \"A Rhymed Lesson,\" \n\n. . . that, mindful of the hour \nWhen Howe's artillery shook its half-built tower, \nWears on its bosom, as a bride might do, \nThe iron breastpin which the ' Rebels ' threw. \n\nA model of the church as it thus appeared is in the rooms of the \nMassachusetts Historical Society, where also the cannon ball is pre- \nserved. The quoins of the structure, of Connecticut stone, were placed \ninside the tower of its successor on Commonwealth Avenue, Hack Bay, \nnow the church of the First Baptist Society. Though new, and \"the \npride of the town \" at the time of the Revolution, having been conse- \ncrated in 1773, it was utili/.ed as barracks for the British soldiers; and \nonly the fact that the removal of the pillars which embellished its inte- \nrior would have endangered the structure, prevented its use during the \nSiege as a military riding school, like the Old South Meetinghouse \n(see p. 51). It was the church that Hancock, Bowdoin, and Warren \n\n\n18 CORNHILL AND ABOUT SCOLLAV SQUARE \n\n\nattended. Warren's house, from 1764, was near by on Hanover Street, \non the site now covered by the American House. \n\nAt the head of Comhill, in front of Scollay Square, stood the bronze \nstatue of John Winthrop until its removal was necessitated by the \nEast Boston Tunnel work below it in 1903. It was well worth a \n\nmoment's study, though the \nconstant traffic of the busy \nthoroughfare made its near \nneighborhood perilous. The \nColonial governor, clad in \nthe picturesque costume of \nthe period, is represented as \nstepping from a gang board \nto the shore. In his right \nhand he holds the charter \nof the Colony by its great \nseal ; in his left the Bible. \nBehind the figure appears \nthe base of a newly hewn \nforest tree, with a rope at- \ntached, significant of the fas- \ntening of a boat. The statue \nis the work of Richard S. \nGreenough and is a copy cf \nthe marble one in the Cap- \nitol at Washington. It was \ncast in Rome. It was first \nerected in 1880, on the 25oth \nanniversary of the settle- \nment of Boston. It now \nstands on Maryborough Street \nbeside the First Church. \n\nAbout where the Scollay \nSquare Station stands, or a little north of its site, was the first \nFree Writing School, set up in 1683-1684. This was the second \nschool in the town, the first being on School Street, as we shall \npresently see. It continued in use till after the Revolution (or \nabout 1793), latterly known as the Central Reading and Writing \nSchool. \n\nLooking down Court Street eastward, we have in near view the \nsomber-pillared front of the Old Court House, dating from 1836. It was \ndesigned by Solomon Willard, the architect of Bunker Hill Monument. \n\n\nCOURT STREET \n\n\nCOLONIAL PRISON \n\n\nIts exterior is of Quincy granite. The ponderous fluted columns \n(originally eight in all, there having been a row on the rear as well \nas in front) weigh each twenty-five tons. The first two were brought \nover the roads from Quincy by sixty-five yoke of oxen and ten \nhorses, making a great street show. This building was the center \nof the exciting scenes attending the fugitive slave cases in 1851 and \n1854. \n\nHere occurred first, in February, 1851, the rescue of Shadrach, who had been \nconfined in the United States court room awaiting action upon a process for his \nrendition. Six weeks later came the Thomas \nSims affair, when, to prevent the rescue of this \nslave, the building was guarded and surrounded \nwith chains breast high, under which the judges \nand all others having business within were \nobliged to stoop to reach the doors. Finally, \nin May, 1854, occurred the Anthony Burns riot, \non the evening of the 26th, with the failure of \nthe rescue planned by a number of the anti- \nslavery \" Vigilance Committee,\" when, in the \nassault made at the entrance on the east side \nof the building, one of the marshal's deputies \nwas killed. It was after this affair that indict- \nments were brought against Theodore Parker, \nWendell Phillips, Thomas Wentworth Iliggin- \nson, and several others, for \"obstructing the \nprocess of the United States.\" For their \ndefense a formidable array of counsel appeared \nhere, but the indictment was quashed. \n\nOn this same spot was the Colonial \nprison, its outer walls of stone three feet \nthick, with ungla/.ed iron-barred windows, \nstout oaken doors covered with iron, hard \n\ncells, and gloomy passages, where were incarcerated the Quakers and, \nlater, victims of the witchcraft delusion. Here also, after the over- \nthrow of Andros in 1689, Ratclit'fe, the rector of the first Kpiscopal \nchurch, which Andros so fostered (see King's Chapel, p. 2.\\), was \nconfined with his leading parishioners for nine months, till sent to \nKngland by royal command. Another distinguished prisoner here, \nin 1699, was the piratical Captain Kidd. It was this prison that \nHawthorne fancifully describes in \"The Scarlet Letter.\" The prison \nwas first placed here in 1642, and gave to the street the name of /'/•/.«>« \nLune, which it bore through the seventeenth century. Then it became \nQueen Street, and Court Street after the Revolution. \n\n\n20 TREMONT STREET \n\nLooking westward up Court Street to the upper side, called Tremont \nRow, we may imagine the site of Governor John Endicott's house, where \nhe lived after his removal from Salem to Boston, and where, in \n1661, Samuel Shattuck, bearing the order of the King releasing the \nimprisoned Quakers, had audience with him, — the event upon which \nWhittier's \" The King's Missive \" is founded. This house is variously \nplaced by local authorities on Tremont Row, between Tremont Street \nand Howard Street, but the best evidence appears to point to a situ- \nation toward the Howard Street end. \n\nTremont Street and King's Chapel. Now we take Tremont Street. \nFrom the west side, at its beginning, opens the short way up to Pem- \nberton Square, at the head of which we see the facade of the present \nCounty Court House (built 1887-1893). This is a long granite structure \nin the German Renaissance style of architecture, designed by George A. \nClough. Its plan is on the system of open courtyards : four are in the \narea of the general block. It covers 65,300 feet of land. The feature \nof the interior is the great hall, broad and lofty, a flight of steps ascend- \ning to it from the front entrance, and other flights ascending from it to \nthe rear exit on Somerset Street. Upon the faces of the cornices in the \nvestibule at the main entrance are statuesque bas-reliefs of Law, Justice, \nWisdom, Innocence, and Guilt. On one side of the hall is the bronze \nstatue of Rufus Choate, the great lawyer of his day. This is by Daniel \nC. French. It was placed in 1898. It was a gift to the city, provided \nfor in the will of a Boston public-school master. The donor was some- \ntime master of the Dwight School for boys, and afterward principal \nof the Everett School for girls. \n\nPemberton Sqiiare marks the second highest peak of Beacon Hill. \nThis peak at first received the name of Cotton Hill, from the Rev. John \nCotton, the early minister of the First Church, whose house was on its \nslope facing Tremont Street. The Cotton estate originally spread over \nthis peak, extending back across Somerset Street to about the middle \nof Ashburton Place in the rear of the Court House. \n\nThe peak rose originally in irregular heights, the loftiest bluff being \nat the southerly end of Pemberton Square, or on the west side of \nTremont Street about opposite the gate of King's Chapel Burying \nGround. Against its slopes were early favorite places for house sites. \n\nJohn Cotton's house was set up in 1633, soon after his arrival in the \nGriffin. It stood a little south of the entrance to Pemberton Square. \nNext above, or adjoining it, was Sir Harry Vane's house. This was built \nby the young statesman a few months after his arrival (October, 1635), \nhe having at first been the minister's guest. It was Vane's home when \nhe was governor of the Colony in 1636-1637. Later the Cotton house \n\n\nKING'S CHAPEL BURYING GROUND \n\n\ncame into possession of John Hull, the \" mint master,\" who made the \npine-tree shillings, the first New England money. In course of time \nit fell to Chief Justice Samuel Sewall (one of the witchcraft judges at \nSalem in 1692), the diarist of early Boston, through his marriage with \nthe \" mint master's \" daughter Hannah, whose wedding dowry, tradition \ntells, was her weight in the pine-tree shillings. \n\nAbout where the Suffolk Savings Bank building stands, but farther \nback from the street, was Richard Bellingham's stone house, in which he \nlived through his several terms as governor and till his death in 1672. \nHe was dwelling here \nwhen, in 1641, he scan- \ndalized his brethren by \nthe manner of his mar- \nriage to Penelope Pel- \nham, his second wife, \nwithout \" publishing \" \nthe marriage intention, \nand especially by per- \nforming the marriage \nceremony himself, being \na magistrate, as \\Vin- \nthrop relates in pictur- \nesque detail in his \njournal. \n\nIn the next century \nthe grand Faneuil man- \nsion and terraced \ngardens were here. \nThis was the estate that Peter Faneuil inherited in 1757 and was \noccupying when he built Faneuil Hall. It was maintained in all its \nelegance by its several owners till some years after the Revolution. \nAt that time it was confiscated, its owner being a Royalist, — William \nVassal, uncle of the Colonel John Vassal who built the Cambridge \nmansion now treasured as the Longfellow house. Farly in the nine- \nteenth century it was joined to the Gardner Greene estate, the finest \nin the town. \n\nThe peak was finally cut down in the thirties, and I'emberton Square was \nthen laid out through the (ireene estate as a place of genteel residences in \nblocks, which character it sustained till the late sixties. \n\nOn the east side the Boston Museum, ra/.ed in ifjo.^ to make way for a \nmodem business structure, long stood the oldest playhouse of the city. \n\n\nOLD BOSTON MrsEf.M \n\n\n22 KING'S CIIAI'KL BURYING GROUND \n\nFor more than half a century it was a familiar landmark. At first \nthe museum proper, with its halls of marvelous curiosities, was the \nchief feature of the institution, the performances being subordinate \nto these attractions, and the theater being called \" the lecture hall,\" to \nquiet the consciences of its patrons, who shied from the openly pro- \nclaimed playhouse. William Warren, the \"prince of comedians,\" as \nBostonians delighted in calling him, was identified with the Museum for \nforty years. Here Edwin Booth made his first appearance on any stage. \n\nFrom King's Chapel to Park Street Church. King's Chapel Burying \nGround, adjoining the old stone church, is very nearly as ancient as the \ntown of Boston. The exact date of its establishment is not known, \nbut it was probably soon after the beginning of the settlement, for this \nrecord appears in Winthrop's journal : \" Capt. Welden, a hopeful young \ngent, & an experienced soldier, dyed at Charlestowne of a consumption, \nand was buryed at Boston w*h a military funeral.\" And Dudley wrote \nthat the young man was \" buryed as a souldier with three volleys of \nshott.\" The earliest interment of record here was that of Governor \nWinthrop in 1649. I* i§ believed that his third wife, Margaret Winthrop, \nwho followed him to New England the year after he came out and who \ndied two years before him, was also buried here. \n\nIn the same tomb are the ashes of other distinguished Winthrops, — \nthe Massachusetts governor's eldest son and grandsons : John Win- \nthrop, Jr., the governor of the Connecticut Colony, who died in 1676, \nand John Jr.'s two sons, Fitz John Winthrop, governor of the United \nColonies of Connecticut (died 1707), and \\Yait Still Winthrop, chief \njustice of Massachusetts and sometime major general of the forces of \nthe Colony (died 1717). A second Winthrop tomb contains the dust \nof Professor John Winthrop of Harvard College, the friend of Franklin \nand correspondent of John Adams (died in 1779). \n\nThe first Winthrop tomb is seen not far from the middle of the \nground. Beside it is the tomb of Elder Thomas Oliver of the First \nChurch, which subsequently became the property of the church ; and \nclose to this a horizontal tablet informs that \" here lyes intombed the \nbodyes of ye famous reverend and learned pastors of the First Church \nof Christ in Boston, viz:\" John Cotton, aged 67 years, died 1652; John \nDavenport, 72 years, died 1670; John Oxenbridge, aged 66 years, died \n1674; and Thomas Bridge, aged 58 years, died 1715. Near by are \nthe modest gravestones of Sarah, \" the widow of the beloved John \nCotton and excellent Richard Mather,\" and of Elizabeth, widow of \nJohn Davenport. \n\nIn the middle of the ground is the marble monument to Colonel \nThomas Dawes, a leading Boston mechanic of his day, who died in \n\n\nKING'S CHAPEL 23 \n\nt \n\n1809, and near it the tomb of Governor John Leverett. A few steps \ndistant is that of the Boston branch of the Plymouth Colony Winslow \nfamily. Here are the ashes of John Winslow, brother of Governor \nEdward Winslow, with those of the former's wife, who was Mary Chilton, \none of the Mayflower passengers, heroine of the popular but apoc- \nryphal tale of the first woman to spring ashore from the Pilgrim ship. \nIn a cluster of ancient tombs are those- of Jacob Sheafe, an opulent \nmerchant of Colony times, in which was afterward buried the Rev. \nThomas Thacher, first pastor of the Old South Church (died 1678), \nwho married Sheafe's widow; and of Thomas Brattle (died 1683), said \nprobably to have been the wealthiest merchant of his day, whose son \nThomas became a treasurer and benefactor of Harvard College. A \ntomb of especial interest in this quarter is the Benjamin Church \ntomb, for herein were deposited the remains of Lady Andros, the wife \nof Governor Andros, who died in February, 1688, and of whose funeral \nin the nighttime from the Old South Meetinghouse Sewall gives a \nquaint account in his diary. Other tombs of note are those of Major \nThomas Savage, one of the commanders in King Philip's War, and \nJudge Oliver Wendell, grandfather of Oliver Wendell Holmes. \n\nMany of the old tombstones here have been shifted from their proper \nplaces and made to serve as edge stones along the paths beyond the \nprincipal gateway. This vandalism was the performance years ago of \na superintendent of burials who was possessed with an evil \" eye for \nsymmetry.\" \n\nKing's Chapel in part occupies the upper end of this burying ground, \nwhich extended originally to School Street, the land having been taken \nby Governor Andros in 1688 for the first Episcopal church, no Puritan \nlandholder being found who would sell for such a purpose. This \nbuilding dates from 1754 and is the second King's Chapel on the spot. \nIts aspect has been little changed, beyond the enrichment of the interior, \nfrom Province days. The low solid edifice of dark stone, with its heavy \nsquare tower surrounded by wooden Ionic columns, stands as it appeared \nwhen it was the official church of the royal governors. The stone of \nwhich it is constructed came from Ouincy (then Braintree), where it was \ntaken from the surface, there being then no quarries. It was built so \nas to inclose the first chapel, in which services were held for the greater \npart of the time consumed in the slow work, about five years. Peter \nHarrison, an Englishman who came out in ijjcj in the train of Dean \nBerkeley to have part in the dean's projected but never established \nuniversity, was the architect. His model was the familiar English \nchurch of the eighteenth century; so the visitor sees in the fashion \nof the interior, its rows of columns supporting the ceiling, tin- antique \n\n\nKING'S CHAPEL \n\n\n._.-. \n\n\npulpit and reading desk, the mural tablets and the sculptured monu- \nments that line the walls, a pleasant likeness to an old London church. \nMemorials of the first chapel are preserved in the chancel. The com- \nmunion table of 1688 is still in use. Several of the mural tablets are \nof the Provincial period. On the organ are in their ancient places the \ngilt miters and crown, which were removed at the Revolution and \ndeposited in a place of safety. Among the tablets on the northern \nwall is one to the memory of Oliver Wendell Holmes. This was placed \nin the autumn of 1895. The inscription was composed by President \nEliot of Harvard University. \n\nAt the Evacuation the venerable rector, Mr. Caner, fled with the Loyalists of \nhis parish, taking off with him to Halifax the church registers, plate, and vest- \nments, but most of these were in later years \nrestored. \n\nThe last Loyalist service before the Evacua- \ntion was on the preceding Sunday. In less than \na month after the Evacuation the chapel was \nreopened for the obsequies of General Joseph \nWarren, who fell at Bunker Hill, and on \nthat occasion the orator, Perez \nMorton, advocated independ- \nence. For more than two years \nthereafter the chapel was closed. \nThen it was opened to the Old \nSouth congregation, and it was \nused by the latter for nearly \nfive years, when their meeting- \nhouse was restored. In 1782 \nthe remnant of the society \nrenewed their services with the Rev. James Freeman as \"reader.\" In 1787 \nMr. Freeman was ordained as rector, and at that time this first Episcopal church \nin New England became the first Unitarian church in America. A bust of Mr. \nFreeman is among the mural monuments. \n\nThe original King's Chapel of 1688 was a small wooden structure, built at a \ncost of ^284 16 s, contributed by persons throughout the Colony, with subscrip- \ntions from Andros and other English officers. For more than two years before \nits erection the Episcopal congregation had joint occupancy of the Old South \nChurch with its proper owners, by order of Governor Andros against their \nearnest and constant protest. The church organization was formed in 1686, \nunder the aggressive leadership of Edward Randolph, with the Rev. Robert Rat- \ncliffe as rector, who had come from England commissioned to establish the \nChurch of England in the Colony. The use of any of the Congregational meet- \ninghouses being denied them, the projectors of the church founded it in the \n\"library room\" of the Town House. This was their place of meeting till \nAndros ordered the Old South opened to them. When Andros was overthrown \n\n\nKING'S CHAPEL \n\n\nTREMONT TEMPLE 25 \n\nthe rector and his leading parishioners were imprisoned till their return to Eng- \nland (see p. 19). The remnant of the congregation resumed services in the \nchapel, which was finished a few months after Andros's departure. \n\nIn 1710 the chapel was enlarged to twice its size. Then the exterior was \nembellished with a tower surmounted by a tall mast half-way up which was a \nlarge gilt crown and at the top a weathercock. Within the enlarged chapel the \ngovernors pew, raised on a dais higher by two steps than the others, hung with \ncrimson curtains and surmounted by the royal crown, was opposite the pulpit, \nwhich itself stood on the north side at about the center. Near the governor's \npew was another reserved for officers of the British army and navy. Displayed \nalong the walls and suspended from the pillars were the escutcheons and coats of \narms of the king, Sir Edmund Andros, Governors Dudley, Shute, Burnet, Belcher, \nand Shirley, and other persons of distinction. At the east end was \"the altar \npiece, whereon was the Glory painted, the Ten Commandments, the Lord's \nPrayer, the Creed, and some texts of Scripture.\" The communion plate was a \nroyal gift. \n\nLess than a block beyond King's Chapel, on the opposite side of \nTremont Street, we come to the Granary Burying Ground, established \nonly about thirty years after the Chapel Burying Ground (in 1660), and \nof greater historic interest, perhaps, because of the more numerous \nmemorials here. \n\nOn the short walk from the Chapel we pass the site of the birthplace \nof Edward E. Hale, covered by the upper part of the Parker House. This \nhotel also covers, on its School Street side, the site of the home of Oliver \nWendell, the maternal grandfather of Oliver Wendell Holmes, for whom \nhe was named. On Bosworth Street, the first passage opening from \nTremont Street, opposite the burying ground, — a courtlike street end- \ning with stone steps which lead down to a more ancient cross street, — \nwas Doctor Holmes's home for eighteen years from 1841, the \"house at \nthe left hand next the farther corner,\" which he describes in \" The \nAutocrat.\" \n\nThe Tremont Temple, next above the Parker House, is the building \nof the Union Temple (Baptist) Church, founded in 1X39, a free church \nfrom its beginning. It is the fourth temple on this site, each of the \nprevious ones having been destroyed by fire. The first one was a \ntheater remodeled in 1843. The playhouse was the Tremont \nTheater, first opened in 1835, one of the most interesting of its \nclass and time. \n\nIt was here that Charlotte Cushman made her debut, in April. 185;: that \nFanny Kemble first appeared before a Boston audit-nee ; that operas were first \nproduced in Boston. \n\nIn the large public hall of the svcoml Tremont Temple Charles Dickrns gave \nhis readings during his last visit to America, in 1868, \n\n\n26 \n\n\nGRANARY BURYING GROUND \n\n\nThe large Tremont Building opposite occupies the site of the Tre \nmont House, a famous inn through its career of more than sixty years \nfrom 1829, of which Dickens wrote, \"it has more galleries, colon- \nnades, piazzas, and passages than 1 can remember, or the reader would \nbelieve.\" Preceding the inn, fine mansion houses with gardens were \nhere, one of them being the estate of Thomas Handasyd Perkins, a \ngenuine \"solid man of Boston,\" a benefactor of the Boston Athenaeum \nand of other Boston institutions. \n\nOn the gates of the Granary Burying Ground, \nset in their high ivy-mantled stone frame, are \ntablets inscribed with the names of many of the \nnotables buried here. They include governors of \nvarious periods, — Richard Bellingham, William \nDummer, James Bowdoin, Increase Sumner, \nJames Sullivan, and Christopher Gore ; signers \nof the Declaration of Independence, — John \nHancock, Samuel Adams, and Robert Treat \nPaine; ministers, — John Baily (of the First \nChurch), Samuel \"Willard (of the Old South \nChurch), Jeremy Belknap (founder of the Massa- \nchusetts Historical Society), and John Lathrop \n(of the Second Church); Chief Justice Samuel \nSewall ; Peter Faneuil ; Paul Revere ; Josiah \nFranklin and wife, parents of Benjamin Franklin ; \nThomas Gushing, lieutenant \ngovernor, 1780-1788; John \nPhillips, first mayor of Bos- \nton, and father of \"\\Vendell \nPhillips; and the victims of \nthe Boston Massacre of 1770. \nBesides these, others of \nlike distinction are entombed \nhere, among them James \nOtis; the Rev. Thomas Prince, \nthe learned annalist ; the Rev. \nPierre Daille, minister of the \n-French church formed by \nthe Huguenots who came to \nBoston after the revocation \nof the Edict of Nantes; \nEdward Rawson, secretary of \nthe Colony; Josiah •\\Yillard, GRANAKV BIRVING GROI- \n\n\nGRANARY BURYING GROUND \n\n\n27 \n\n\nsecretary of the Province; and John Hull, the \"mint master\" of 1652. \nGeneral Joseph Warren's tomb was here (the Minot tomb, adjoining \nthat of Hancock) from after the obsequies in King's Chapel in 1776 \ntill 1825. Then his remains were removed to the \\Varren tomb under \nSt. Paul's Church. In 1855 they were again removed, being finally \ndeposited in the family vault in Forest Hills Cemetery, Roxbury Dis- \ntrict. 'Wendell Phillips (died 1884) was also temporarily buried here, \nbeside the tomb of his father, at the right of the entrance gate. After \nthe death of his widow, two years later, his remains were removed to \nMilton and placed by her side. \n\nThe most conspicuous monuments here, all in view from the side- \nwalk, are the bowlders marking the tombs of Samuel Adams and \nJames Otis, the former near the fence, north of the entrance gate, \nthe latter, also near the fence, south of the gate ; the monument to \nBenjamin Franklin's parents, in the middle of the yard; and the John \nHancock monument, in the southwestern corner. The inscriptions on \nthe Adams and Otis bowlders give these records : \n\nHere lies buried \n\nSamuel Adams \n\nSigner of the Declaration of Independence \n\nGovernor of this Commonwealth \n\nA leader of men and an ardent patriot \n\nBorn 1722 Died icSoj \n\n\nHere lies buried \n\nJames Otis \n\nOrator and Patriot of the Revolution \n\nFamous for his argument \n\nagainst Writs of Assistance \n\nBorn 1725 Died 1783 \n\n\nAdams's grave is in the Checkley tomb, which adjoins the sick-walk ; \nOtis's is in the Cunningham tomb, bearing now the name of George \nI-ongley. The bowlders were placed by the Massachusetts Society of \nthe Sons of the Revolution in iXo,S, as the inscriptions show. \n\nThe epitaph on the Franklin monument was composed by Franklin, \nand first appeared on a marble stone which he caused to be placed here. \nThe granite obelisk was provided by a number of citi/ens in iSj7. when \nthe stone had become decayed, and the inscription was reproduced on \nthe bronze tablet set in its face : \n\n\nGRANARY BURYING GROUND \n\n\nJosiah Franklin \n\nand \n\nAbiah his wife, \n\nHe here interred. \n\nThey lived lovingly together in wedlock \n\nfifty-five years. \n\nWithout any estate, or any gainful employment, \nBy constant labor and industry, \n\nwith God's blessing, \nThey maintained a large family \n\ncomfortably, \n\nand brought up thirteen children \nand seven grandchildren \n\nreputably. \n\nFrom this instance, reader, \nHe encouraged to diligence in thy calling \n\nAnd distrust not Providence. \nHe was a pious and prudent man : \nShe, a discreet and virtuous woman. \n\nTheir youngest son, \nIn filial regard to their memory \n\nPlaces this stone \n\nJ. F. born 1655, died 1744, /F.tat 89. \nA. F. born 1667, died 1752, 85. \n\nThe Hancock monument is a steel shaft, erected in 1895 close by the \nHancock tomb, set against the wall of one of the buildings which back \non the yard. It is simply inscribed : \n\nObsta Principiis \nThis memorial erected \nA.D. MDCCCXCV. By the Com- \nmonwealth of Massachv- \nsetts to mark the grave of \nJohn Hancock. \n\nNearby the Hancock tomb is a dilapidated slate slab with the inscrip- \ntion, \" Frank, servant of John Hancock Esq'r, lies interred here, who \ndied 23d Jan'ry 1771, aetat 38.\" \n\nThe graves of the victims of the Boston Massacre are unmarked. For- \nmerly a beautiful larch tree grew over the spot. It is said to be twenty feet \nback from the sidewalk fence and sixty feet south of the Tremont Building. \n\nThe grave of Benjamin Woodbridge, the young victim of the duel \non the Common in 1728, is midway between the gate and Park Street \nChurch, near the fence. The inscription on the upright stone informs \nus that he was \" a son of the Honourable Dudley Woodbridge Esq'r,\" \nand \" dec'd July ye 3d, in ye 2oth year of his age.\" \n\n\nPARK STREET CHURCH \n\n\n29 \n\n\nHANCOCK MO.NUMKNT, \nGKANAKY BURYING GROUND \n\n\nOne stone that many seek here, and some have seemed to identify, \nis not to be found, if we are to accept the word of an authoritative \nantiquary. This is the tablet marking the \ngrave of \" Mother Goose.\" According to \nthe late William H. Whitmore, who, in his \n\" Genesis of a Boston Myth,\" marshaled strong \nevidence to sustain his assertion, \" Mother \nGoose\" was not Elizabeth Vergoose, the \nworthy seventeenth-century matron, as has \nbeen alleged ; nor was \" Mother Goose \" a \nname that originated in Boston. \n\nIn this yard, as in King's Chapel Burying \nGround, many of the old stones were years ago \nruthlessly shifted from the graves to which \nthey belonged, which caused the remark of \nDr. Holmes that \" Epitaphs were never famous \nfor truth, but the old reproach of ' Here lies'1 \nnever had such a wholesale illustration as \nin these outraged burial places, where the \nstone does lie above and the bones do not \nlie beneath.\" \n\nPark Street Church, with its graceful spire, picturesquely finishing the \ncorner of Tremont and Park streets, dates from 1809. It is the best \nexample remaining in the city of the early nineteenth-century ecclesias \ntical architecture. It was designed by an English \narchitect, Peter Banner, but the Ionic and Corin- \nthian capitals of the steeple were the \nwork of the Bostonian Solomon Willard. \n\nIt was the first Trinitarian church estab- \nlished after the invasion of I'nitarianism in \nthe Puritan churches, and the fervor with \nwhich the unadulterated orthodox doctrine \nwas preached by its earlier ministers made its \npulpit famous, and led the unrighteous to \nbestow upon the point which it faces the title \nof \" Brimstone Corner.\" Its history is notable. \nIt is marked as the place in which \" America \" \nwas first publicly sung. The hymn was written \nby the Kev. Samuel !•\". Smith to fit some music \nfor Dr. Lowell Mason, music master of Boston, \nand was given for the first time at a children's \ncelebration here on July 4, 18^2. Here on a preceding 4th of July (1X29), \nWilliam I.loyd Garrison, then not yet twenty-four years old. gave his first public \n\n\n3° \n\n\nPARK STREET CHURCH \n\n\naddress in Boston against slavery. In 1849 Charles Sumner gave his great \naddress on '• The War System of Nations,'' at the annual convention of the \nAmerican Peace Society, which that year began to hold its sessions here. This \nremained the Peace Society's regular place of meet- ., \n\ning for a long period. The patriotic sermons of \"Y \n\nthe Civil War preached here by Dr. A. L. Stone \n\n\nI'AKK STREET Cm KC \n\n(minister of the church from 1849 to 1866) have \nbeen called \" a part of Boston history.\" \n\nThis church occupies the site of the town \ngranary, a grain house (first set up on the \nCommon, opposite, in 1737) from which grain \nwas sold to the needy by the town's agents. \nIt was from its proximity to the granary that \nthe old burying ground got its name. \n\nLooking up Hamilton Place, opposite Park \nStreet Church, we see the side of the old \nMusic Hall, now a theater. \nThis is a building of pleasant \nmemories. It was erected in \n1852, projected chiefly by the \nHarvard Afusical Association, \nthen the representative of \nclassical orchestral music in Boston. Nearly thirty years later (iSSi) the \nBoston Symphony Orchestra began its career here, under the generous \npatronage of Henry L. Higginson. Once the hall had in its \"great \n\n\nKOSTON COMMON AND ITS SURROUNDINGS \n\n\norgan\" one of the largest and finest instruments in the world, hut this \nwas permitted to be sold and removed at a time when the hall was \nundergoing alterations. For some years, during the latter part of his life, \nMusic Hall was Theodore Parker's pulpit ; and at a later period that of \nIf. //. //. Murray, after he had been a pastor of Park Street Church. \n\nBoston Common and its surroundings. Situated in the heart of the \ncity, the Common is unique among municipal public grounds. Its \nexistence and preservation are due to the wise forethought of the first \nsettlers of the town. \n\nIts integrity rests primarily on a town order passed in 1640, reserving it as \nopen ground, or common field. This was strengthened by a clause in the city \ncharter forbidding its \nsale or lease. Subse- \nquent acts prohibit the \nLiving out of any high- \nway or street railway \nupon or through it, or \nthe taking of any part \nof it for widening or \naltering any street, with- \nout the consent of the \ncitizens. \n\n\nBEACON STREKT MALI, \n\n\nIt dates actually \nfrom 1634. four years \nafter the settlement \nof the town, when it was laid out as \" a place for a trayning field \" and for \n\" the feeding of cattell.\" A training field in part it has remained to the \npresent day, and cattle did not cease to graze on it till the thirties of the \nnineteenth century. Originally it was larger than it is now, extending \nto the 'Fremont Building on 'Fremont and Heacon streets in one direc- \ntion, and across 'Fremont Street to West and Mason streets in another. \nThe taking from the north end for the Granary Hurying Ground in 1660 \nwas its earliest curtailment. On the west side, where is now Charles \nStreet, it at first met the Hack Hay, the waters of which came up to \nthis line. Its present extent is 4,S» acres, exclusive of the old burying \nground on part of its south or Hoylston Street side. Its surface has \nbeen much made over, but without obliterating altogether its old-tirne \ncontour. The broad tree-lined malls which traverse it display the taste \nand large mindedness of the later town and earlier city fathers. Many \nmajestic elms which once embellished the place have been destroyed by \ntime and changes. The building of the Subway beneath the 'Fremont \nStreet mall removed the oldest row and some of the finest of them; \n\n\nBOSTON COMMON AND ITS SURROUNDINGS \n\n\nbut there yet remain numerous stalwart specimens, with other varieties \nof trees, shading and beautifying the several paths. \n\nOf the monuments here the Army and Navy Monument, the granite \nDoric column of which reaches above the trees, is most conspicuous. \nThis occupies the highest elevation in the inclosure, the point where \nthe British artillery were stationed during \nthe Siege. It is the work of Martin Mil- \nmore, and was erected in 1877. The statues \non the projecting pedestals of the plinth \nrepresent the Soldier, the Sailor, the Muse \nof History, and Peace. The bas-reliefs \nbetween them depict The Departure of \nthe Regiment, The Sanitary Commission, \nThe Achievements of the Navy, and The \nReturn from the War and Surrender of \nthe Battle Flags to the Governor. The \nfigures on these bas-reliefs are mostly por- \ntraits of soldiers or citizens prominent in \nthe Civil War period. The sculptured \nfigures at the base of the shaft typify \nthe North, South, East, and West. The \ncrowning statue represents the \" Genius of \nAmerica.\" The monument bears this \ninscription, written by President Eliot of \nHarvard University: To the men of Boston \n•who died for their country on land and sea \nin the -war which kept the Union whole, \ndestroyed slavery and maintained the Con- \nstitution, the grateful city has built this \nmonument that their example may speak to \ncom ing generations. \n\nAt the foot of this hill, on the east side, stood the \"Great Elm\" \ntill its fall in a windstorm in 1876, supposed to have been old when the \ntown was settled, the scene of executions in early Colony days, — \nperhaps that of Anne Hibbens for \"witchcraft \" in 1656, a limb of the \ntree serving for gallows. An iron tablet marks the spot, and in its place \nis .another elm grown from a shoot of it. Not far from the \" Great \nElm\" the Quakers were executed. Beneath its branches it is sup- \nposed that the fatal duel in which young Woodbridge was slain (see \np. 7) took place. \n\nNear by lies the historic \"Frog Pond,\" so called, as the town wits \nhave it, because it was never known to harbor a frog. The real frog \n\n\nSOLDIERS' MONUMENT \n\n\nPARADE GROUND 33 \n\npond was the Horse or Cow Pond, a shallow pool where the cows \nslaked their thirst or cooled their legs, which lay in the lowlands about \nthe present band stand. The present pond is the survivor of three \nmarshy bogs originally within the Common. It was the scene of the \nformal introduction of the public water system in 1848, for which cele- \nbration James Russell Lowell wrote his Ode on Water. \n\nWest of the Frog Pond lies the Parade Ground, which represents, in \nsmall compass, the original training field of the Colonial trainbands. It \nhas been the chief mustering place in war times from Provincial to \nmodern days. In 1775, when the Common was the British camp, the \nforce for Bunker Hill was arrayed here before crossing the river to \nCharlestown. In the preceding April the detachment that moved on \nLexington and Concord started from near it, taking boats on the bay. \nNow it is the place where the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Com- \n\n\nFK<>G POND \n\n\npany with great gravity go through their annual time-honored evolu- \ntions, and the boys of the school regiments have their clever May \ntrainings. \n\nThe granite shaft with its bronze figure of \" Revolution,\" commemo- \nrating the Boston Massacre of 1770, popularly called the Crispus \nAttucks Monument, stands in the green facing Lafayette Mall on the \nTremont Street side. It is by Robert Kraus, and was erected by the \nState in 1888. The bas-relief on the base reproduces a crude contem- \nporary picture of the scene published in London together with the \n\" Short Narrative \"authorized by the town. The inscriptions are these \nwords of John Adams and Webster: \n\nOn that night the foundation of American \nIndependence was laid. JOHN ADAMS. \n\nFrom that moment we may date the sever- \nance of the British Kmpire. DAMKI. WKIISTKK. \n\nThe names of the victims are inscribed on the shaft. \n\n\n34 BOSTON COMMON AND ITS SURROUNDINGS \n\nThe promenade of Lafayette Mall is the finishing feature of the \nSubway work on this side of the Common. It extends over the Subway \nbetween Park and Boylston streets, and at Boylston Street joins a \nnarrower walk which follows the Subway course on that side to Charles \nStreet, passing by the picturesque old Central Burying Ground (estab- \nlished 1756) which has among its graves those of Gilbert Stuart, the \npainter, and M. Julien, the restaurateur, whose fame as the introducer \nof Julien soup survived him. While these walks lack the fringes \nof noble English elms which characterized, the earlier malls here, \nespecially the Tremont Street mall which once had three magnificent \nrows, they have attractions in the bordering masses of other trees and \nin their openness to the spacious street-ways free from street-car track::. \n\nBeing in the heart of things Lafayette Mall is an animated thorough- \nfare. Close by is the principal theater quarter of the city. On the \nopposite side of the way are Keith's Theater (fronting on Washington \nStreet, next east of Tremont) and the Tremont Theater (near the site \nof the second playhouse built in Boston, — the Haymarket of 1796). \nOn Washington Street (with its rear entrance near the \\Vest Street \ncorner of Tremont) is the Boston Theater, and a little way above this \nthe Park Theater. On Tremont Street again, just above Boylston \nStreet, is the Majestic Theater. On Hollis Street, off Tremont, is the \nHollis Street Theater (its house including the brick walls of the third \nHollis Street Church dating from 1808, the pulpit of John Pierpont \nand Thomas Starr King, and the successor of the earlier Hollis Street \nChurch of Mather Byles, the \" Tory, wit, and scholar,\" used, neverthe- \nless, by the British for barracks during the Siege). On Boylston Street, \nopposite the Boylston Street walk, is the Colonial Theater (on the site \nof the first Boston Public Library building). \n\nIn the same neighborhood is a notable group of hotels, including \nthe Touraine on the southeast corner of Tremont and Boylston streets \n(occupying the site of the mansion house of President John Quincy \nAdams, birthplace of Charles Francis Adams, Sr.) and the Adams \nHouse on Washington Street (covering the site of the eighteenth- \ncentury Lamb Tavern, an early stagecoach starting place). A little \nabove the latter, opposite the opening of Boylston Street, is a revo- \nlutionary landmark, the site of the Liberty Tree, the rallying place of \nthe Sons of Liberty in the prerevolutionary period, where the effigies \nwere hung in the Stamp Act excitement. The business building that \nnow covers the spot displays on its front an old tablet with a repre- \nsentation of a tree and beneath these lines : \n\nSons of Liberty, 1766 \nIndependence of their country, 1776. \n\n\nBOSTON SUBWAY \n\n\n35 \n\n\nThe adjacent hotel, popularly known as \" Brigham's,\" stands in place \nof the Liberty Tree Tavern, where the Liberty men refreshed them- \nselves after their meetings at the tree. \"Brigham's\" was originally the \nLafayette Hotel, erected to mark the historical spot in season for the \ngreat welcome to Lafayette on the Frenchman's memorable last visit to \nthe country in 1824 ; and so was named in his honor. It was in com- \nmemoration of this visit, very much later, — three quarters of a century \nafterward, — that Lafayette Mall received its name. \n\nThe selection is based on a pretty incident of that visit. On the reception \nday the school children were lined up along Tremont Street mall, and, as \nLafayette was passing in the procession, they cast bouquets in his path so that \nhe walked upon a carpet of natural flowers. \n\nMidway up Boylston Street between Washington and Tremont \nstreets is the building of the Young Men's Christian Union (instituted \n1851) with its stone clock tower. \nOn the Tremont Street comer \nfacing the Lafayette Mall is the \nwhite granite Masonic Temple (the \nsecond on this site, built in 1898- \n1899), headquarters of the Grand \nLodge of Massachusetts, and \nhousing thirteen lodges. \n\nOccupying the streets east of the \nmall is the heart of the retail shop- \nping quarter. Below the Temple \nPlace corner, hedged in by busy \nstores, is St. Paul's Church, the \nfourth Episcopal church in Boston, \ndating from 1820, a Grecian-like \n\ntemple of gray granite, the hexastyle porticoes of Potomac sandstone. \nSolomon Willard carved the Ionic capitals; Alexander Parris designed \nthe whole. The pediment is bare, the original design of a bas-relief of \nPaul preaching at Athens never having been carried out. It was in \none of the tombs beneath this church that General Joseph Warren's \nremains rested for thirty years after their second removal. In another \ntomb Prescott the historian was buried. \n\nAt the head of the Park Street mall are the Park Street entrance \nand exit stations of the Boston Subway. '1 he upper west side building \nis the entrance for south-bound surface cars ami south bound elevated \ntrains; the upper east building, an exit only; the lower east building, \nboth entrance and exit for north bound elevated trains; and the lower \n\n\nBOSTON SUBWAY \n\n\nMAY-MARKET Sq. \n\n\nD \n\nPost Offic< \nPARK ST \n\n\nwest building, entrance and exit for south-bound cars. Above the stair- \nways of the Park Street entrance a bronze tablet, placed in commemora- \ntion of the initial opening of the Subway in 1897, gives the following \ndata : This Sub-way authorized by the Legislatures of 1893 and 1894. \nHon. Nathan Matthews, Jr., Mayor of the City of Boston. Built by the \nBoston Transit Commission. Howard Adams Carson, chief engineer. \n\nBegun at the Public Gar- \nden, 28 March, 1895, was \nopened to this point for \npublic travel i September, \ni8qj. The work was com- \npleted throughout and \nthe entire Subway opened \nSeptember 3, 1898. Its \nlength is about one and \ntwo thirds miles. Its \ncourse is shown by the \naccompanying map. \n\nThe surface cars com- \ning from the west and \nsouth enter at the Pub- \nlic Garden and make the \nloop at the Park Street \nStation, whence they re- \nturn and emerge at the \nPublic Garden. Those \ncoming from the north \nand east use that part \nof the Subway between \nScollay Square and the \nNorth Station on Cause- \nway Street. The elevated \ntrains enter and leave at the ends at Pleasant Street and Causeway \nStreet. The elevated system was initiated in 1900. The course of \nthe line is indicated on the map on the opposite page. • \n\nThe Subway is owned by the city and leased to the Boston Etevated Railway \nCompany for a term of years, at an annual compensation of 4% per cent of the \nnet cost of the work. The number of cars passing around the Park Street loop \nduring the busy hour is 245. About 28,000,000 passengers are annually handled \nat the Park Street Station. \n\nThe construction of an additional system of tunnels and subways, four tracked, \nfor elevated and surface-car use, was authorized by legislative act in 1902, \n\n\nSouth Unioi \n\n\n'n Sta.j \n\n\nSUBWAY ROUTE \n\n\nSHAW MONUMENT \n\n\n37 \n\n\nsubsequently accepted by the people. This is to extend under Washington \nStreet from its junction with Broadway, which leads to South Boston, and to \nconnect with the East Boston Tunnel and the existing Subway. \n\nAt the head of the Beacon Street mall, opposite the State House, is \nthe Colonel Robert Gould Shaw Memorial, facing Beacon Street, between \ntwo majestic elms, the most imposing piece of outdoor sculpture in the \ncity. Colonel Shaw was the commander of the Fifty-fourth Regiment \nof Massachusetts Infantry, com- \nposed of colored troops, in the \nCivil War, and was killed at the \nhead of his command while lead- \ning the assault on Fort Wagner, \nJuly 18, 1863; and the monu- \nment commemorates the colored \nsoldiers in that event as well as \ntheir leader. It consists of a \nstatue of Colonel Shaw mounted, \nwith his men pressing close beside \nhim, in high relief upon a large \nbronze tablet. The sculptor was \nAugustus St. Gaudens, and the \narchitect of the elaborate stone \nframe was Charles F. McKim. \nThe inscriptions are unusually \nextensive and interesting, includ- \ning verses of James Russell Lowell \nand Emerson and a memorial by \nPresident Eliot. \n\nThe monument was erected and \ndedicated in 1 897. Its cost was met \nfrom a fund raised by voluntary \nsubscriptions. \n\nOn the opposite side of Beacon KI.RVATHD RAILWAY RIU-TK \n\nStreet, just below Hancock \n\nAvenue, — the walk along the west side of the State House grounds, \n— is the site of a long cherished landmark, the removal of which \noccasioned regrets that grow keener as time advances. This was the \nmansion house of John Hancock. The site is marked by a modest \nbron/.e tablet set in the low iron fence in front of the brownstone \nbuilding, the present publishing house of Messrs. Ginn &. Company, \nwhich now occupies the spot : \n\n\nJOHN HANCOCK HOUSE \n\n\nHere stood the residence of \n\nJohn Hancock, \n\na prominent and patriotic \n\nMerchant of Boston, the first \n\nSigner of the Declaration of \n\nAmerican Independence, and \n\nFirst Governor of Massachusetts, \n\nunder the State Constitution. \n\nAt the time of its demolition the mansion, besides being of exceptional \nhistoric value, was a rare type of our provincial domestic architecture, \nand was well fitted by situation and character for preservation as the \n\nofficial dwelling of the \ngovernors of the Com- \nmonwealth, as was \nproposed some years \nbefore. The main struc- \nture was then nearly as \nin Governor Hancock's \nday, when it was called \nthe \"seat of his Excel- \nlency the Governor,\" \nand it contained much \nof the furnishings and \nappointments of his \ntime, with the family \nportraits by Copley and \nSmibert. A measure for \nits purchase by the state \nfor the governor's house was reported to the Legislature in 1859 by an \ninfluential committee ; but the project failed. At length, in February, \n1863, the land which it occupied was sold. For a while thereafter it \nserved as a museum of historical relics, and then, a scheme for its \nremoval and reerection elsewhere failing, it was pulled down. Souvenirs \nof it were eagerly sought as it fell. The knocker on the front door was \ngiven to Dr. Holmes, who placed it on the door of the \" old gambrel- \nroofed house \" in Cambridge, where it remained till that also was \ndemolished. The flight of stone steps which led up to the entrance are \nnow in service on Pinebank, Jamaica Park. The purchasers of the \nland, J. M. Beebe aad Gardner Brewer, two leading Boston merchants, \nerected the present stately double house here for their occupancy. \nMessrs. Ginn & Company became established in No. 29 in 1901, and \ntheir business offices fully occupy the spacious interior. \n\n\nSHA\\V MONUMENT \n\n\nJOHN HANCOCK HOUSE \n\n\n39 \n\n\nThe old mansion was of Quincy granite obtained from the surface, as in the \ncase of King's Chapel, squared and well hammered. The principal features of \nthe fagade were the broad front door at the head of a flight of stone steps, gar- \nnished with pillars and an ornamental door head ; and the ornamented central \nwindow over it. The high gambrel roof with dormer windows showed a carved \nbalcony railing inclosing its upper portion. The interior comprised a nobly \npaneled hall, having a broad staircase with carved and twisted balusters, which \ndivided the house in the middle and extended through on both stories from \nfront to rear. On the landing, part way up the staircase, was a circular-headed \nwindow looking out upon the garden, with a broad and capacious window seat. \nOn the entrance floor, at the right of the hall, was the great dining-room, seven- \nteen by twenty-five feet, also elaborately paneled from floor to ceiling. Until the \nwidening of Beacon Street the house stood well back from the street on ground \nelevated above it. The approach was thc-n through a \" neat garden bordered \nwith small trees \" and shrubbery. The mansion then, also, had two large wings, \none on the east side containing a great \nballroom, the other on the west side \nappropriated to the kitchen and other \ndomestic offices. Beyond the west \nwing was the coach house, and adjoin- \ning that the stable. \n\nBehind the mansion were the gar- \ndens and fruit-tree nurseries, extend- \ning up the side of the then existing \npeak of Iteacon Hill where the State • \nHouse Annex stands. The mansion \"\" i \nwith the estate came to John Hancock \nin 1777, upon the death of I.ydh The \nHancock, widow of his unck.% Thomas J1^* Hancock \nHancock, who built the house. The \n\nestate then included the territory occupied by the State House, and extended \nalong Beacon Street to Joy Street. During the Siege Lord Percy occupied the \nmansion for some time. \n\nLet us now step back to the opposite side of Heacon Street a \nmoment and take a sweeping survey <:f the fine line of Beacon Street \nhouses down the hill. Standing by the Joy Street steps to the Com \nmon, which lead to the head of Holmes's \" Long Path \" (the mall running \nsouthward across the Common's length to Hoylston Street, — the scene \nof the crisis in the \"Autocrat's\" courtship of the schoolmistress), we \nhave the best point of view. Looking westward at the lower corner \nof Walnut Street, the next opening below Joy Street, we see the \nhouse in which Wendell Phillips was born. Lower down is the Somer- \nset Club, — the stone double-swell front house originally the '-l)a\\id \nSears mansion. \" — by the site of the house in which John Singleton Copley \nlived when painting his remarkable Boston portraits. Still f.tither \n\n\nSTATE HOUSE \n\n\ndown, below the next side opening, we catch a glimpse of the \npainted brick \"swell\" of the Prescott house (No. 55), the home of the \nhistorian William H. Prescott through the last fourteen years of \nhis life. \n\nFrom the State House to the Old South. The front of the State \nHouse, with its terraced lawn, occupies the cow pasture of the Han- \ncock estate, comprising about two acres, which the town purchased of \nJohn Hancock's heirs for four thousand dollars and conveyed to the \nCommonwealth. This is the historic \" Bulfinch Front,\" designed by \nCharles Bulfinch and erected in 1795-1797. It alone constituted the \n\nMassachusetts State \n\n\\A / House for more than \n\nhalf a century. Then \na new part, extend- \ning back upon Mt. \nVernon Street, was \nadded (1853-1856), \nwhich came to be \ncalled the \" Bryant \nAddition,\" from its \nprincipal architect, \nJ. G. F. Bryant; and \nfinally the \"State \nHouse Annex \" was \nerected (1889-1895; \nCharles E. Brigham, \narchitect), extending \nback from the Bryant \nAddition, with the \narchway over Mt. \nVernon Street, to \nDerne Street, in ex- \nterior design and \nornamentation harmonizing with the Bulfinch Front. Standing on the \nhighest point of land in the city proper, the yellow dome of the Bulfinch \nFront (the \" Gilded Dome \" since 1874, when gilt was first applied to it) \nis a familiar landmark in every direction by day, while at night, lighted \nup by encircling rows of electric lights, it is a glistening beacon visible \nfor many miles. \n\nTill 1811 the main peak of Beacon Hill rose directly behind the \nBulfinch Front, a grassy cone-shaped mound about as high as the \ndome. On its broad, flat summit the Beacon was set up as early as \n\n\nDORIC HALL 41 \n\n1634, from which the name of the entire hill came, it having earlier \nbeen called Gentry Hill, from a lookout established here. \n\nThe Beacon was to warn the country on occasions of danger. It consisted of \nan iron skillet filled with combustibles for firing, suspended from an iron crane \nat the top of a high mast, with treenails in it for its ascent. This and its suc- \ncessors stood for more than a century and a half, but it never seems to have been \nfired for alarm. During the Siege the British pulled the Beacon down and erected \na fort in its stead. It was reerected after the Evacuation and stood till 1789, when \nit was blown down in a gale. \n\nAfter the Revolution the first Independence monument in the country \nwas set up on this sightly peak (1790-1791), — a plain Doric column of \nbrick covered with stucco, on a base of stone, and topped with a gilded \nwooden eagle supporting the American arms, — the work of Bulfinch, \nnow reproduced in stone and standing in the State House Park on the \neast side of the long building. When the peak was cut down (in 1811- \n1823, its earth going principally to fill the North Cove which became \nthe Mill 1'ond) this monument was destroyed, only the inscribed tablets \nand the eagle being reserved. The tablets are inserted in the base of \nthe present monument. A wooden effigy of the eagle is now over the \nPresident's chair in the Senate Chamber. \n\nThe main approach to the State House, up the long sweep of broad \nstone steps from Beacon Street, leads to the spacious porch from \nwhich opens Doric Hall, the main hall of the Bulfinch Front. The \nbronze statues on the terrace lawn are : on the right as we ascend, \nDaniel Webster, by Hiram Powers, erected in 1859 by the Webster \nMemorial Committee ; on the left, Horace Mann, by Kninia Stebbins, \nerected in 1865, a gift from school children and teachers of the state, \nwho gave the fund for its execution in recognition of Horace Mann's \nservice in developing the system of popular education in Massachusetts. \n\nIn Doric Hall we see the statue of Washington in marble, by Sir Fran- \ncis Chantrey, given to the state in 1827 by the Washington Monument \nAssociation ; and the marble statue of John A. Andrew? the \" war gov- \nernor,\" by Thomas Ball, erected in 1871, the cost being met from a \nsurplus of $10,000 remaining from the fund subscribed for the statue \nof Kdward Everett in the Public Garden. Set in a side wall near \nthese statues are two memorials of the Washington family, — fac- \nsimiles of the tombstones of the ancestors of Washington, from the \nparish church of Hrington, Northamptonshire, England, given to the \nstate by Charles Sumner in 1X61, to whom they were presented by Earl \nSpencer. Against the walls on either side of the Washington statue \nare tablets to the memory of Charles Bulfiiuh, and commemorating \nthe \"preservation and renewal of the Massachusetts State House.\" \n\n\n42 STATE HOUSE \n\nOn the side walls are portraits of sixteen governors of Massachusetts. \nFour brass cannon are placed against the wall, two of them consecrat- \ning the names of Major John Buttrick and Captain Isaac Davis, heroes \nof the fight at Concord Bridge, April 19, 1775, the other two, cannon \ncaptured in the War of 1812. \n\nFrom Doric Hall we enter the passageway leading into the \"Grand \nStaircase Hall,\" and from the latter pass into \"Memorial Hall,\" the \ncrowning feature of this floor. In the passageway a large bronze case \ncontains the colors carried by Massachusetts soldiers in the Spanish \nWar and returned to the custody of the Commonwealth. They were \ndeposited here July 31, 1901. The skylight in the ceiling here, it will \nbe observed, is decorated with a representation of Liberty surrounded \nby the names of various republics. \n\nThe Grand Staircase Hall is an effective piece of marble work. The \ngreat painting on the north wall represents \" James Otis Making his \nFamous Argument Against the Writs of Assistance in the Old Town \nHouse in Boston, in February, 1761.\" The scene is the Council \nChamber of the Old State House. The painter was Robert Reid. The \nstaircases here are of Pavonazzo marble. The right-hand flight leads to \nthe Senate Chamber and rooms ; the left side to the Executive Depart- \nment. The balcony formed by the third-floor corridor is surmounted \nby twelve Ionic columns. Its windows at the south are emblematic of \nCommerce, Education, Fisheries, and Agriculture. At the head of the \nstairs are the seal of the colony, 1628-1684, and the seal of the state \ncarved in marble. \n\nThe marble Memorial Hall in circular form rises to a dome with bronze \ncornice environed by the eagles of the Republic, the crest of the Com- \nmonwealth appearing above, in cathedral glass, surrounded by the seals \nof the other twelve original states. The gallery is supported by six- \nteen pillars of Sienna marble. The four niches with glass fronts \ncontain the battle flags carried by the Massachusetts Volunteers in \nthe Civil War, -and in each niche is a framed extract from the address \nof Governor Andrew upon receiving them (all but a few which were \nreturned later) on Forefathers' Day, December 22, 1865. , In other \narched recesses are busts of Massachusetts governors. The large \npaintings on the walls are : north wall, \" The Pilgrims on the May- \nflower\"; south wall, \"John Eliot Preaching to the Indians,\" — both by \nHenry Oliver Walker; west wall, \"Concord Bridge, April 19, 1775\"; \neast wall, \" The Return of the Colors to the Custody of the Common- \nwealth, December 22, 1865,\" — both by Edward Simmons. \n\nBeyond Memorial Hall the main staircase leads to the floor upon \nwhich is Representatives Hall. This chamber is finished in white \n\n\nSTATE LIBRARY \n\n\n43 \n\n\nmahogany, with paneled walls! The coved ceiling is embellished with \nfrescoes by Frank Hill Smith. The historic codfish is suspended \nopposite the Speaker's desk between the two central columns. In the \nlobby the statue of Governor Roger Wolcott (placed 1907) is by \nDaniel C. French. On the east side are the rooms of the Secretary \nof the Commonwealth, in which are to be seen precious documents \nincased in asbestos boxes, — the Colony Charter of 1628, the Prov- \nince Charter of 1692, the Explanatory Charter of George II, and the \noriginal Constitution of the Commonwealth, with an attested copy \nmade in 1894, the original having become in part illegible. In the \narchives, on the fourth floor, belonging to this department are, with \nmuch other valuable historical material, the military records of the \nNarragansett War, of \nthe French and Indian \nWars, and the muster \nand pay rolls of the \nRevolution, the original \ndepositions and exam- \ninations of persons \naccused of witchcraft, \nand manuscript papers \nof the Revolution. \n\nIn the State Library, \nat the north end of the \nbuilding, is to be seen \nin a glass-covered case \nthe famous Bradford \nManuscript, the \"His- \ntory of Plimoth Plantation\" by Governor William Bradford, popularly \nbut erroneously called the Log of the Afayjli>wer. This is the volume \nwhich after various adventures found lodgment in the Library of the \nBishop of London's Palace at Fulham, and was returned to the C< m- \nmonwealth by the Bishop of London through the efforts of Senator \nHoar of Massachusetts and the Hon. Thomas F. Bayard, ambassa- \ndor at the Court of St. James. It was received in behalf of tin- Cuni- \nmonwealth by Governor Wolcott, M:iy 26, iSo;. The State Library \ncontains 125,000 volumes. C. B. Tillinghast is the librarian. \n\nThe Executive Department and the quarters <.f the Sriuite .ire in \nthe Bulfinch Front. The Council Chamber, fashioned in the < 'orinthian \norder, has the old ornamentations designed by Hul*inrh. In the GY'rrr- \nn a r' s R twins are several portraits of note. In the Senate Ch;imbrr. orcu- \npying niches, are busts of Washington, Franklin, Lafayette, Lincoln, and \n\n\nRETKESEN TATIVES HALT. — TUB HI>T<>KIC CDUFIMI \n\n\n44 STATE HOUSE PARK \n\ndistinguished Massachusetts men. The gilded eagle above the Presi- \ndent's chair, with the national and State flags, holds in its beak a large \nscroll inscribed, \" God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.\" In \nthe Senate Reception Room are numerous interesting relics. Among \nthem are the first king's arms captured from the British, at Lexington, \non the i gth of April, 1775, and the fowling piece used that morning by \nCaptain John Parker, the commander of the minutemen there, — both \ngifts to the State from his distinguished grandson, Theodore Parker, \nthe preacher and reformer. There are also a Hessian hat, sword, gun, \nand drum captured at the battle of Bennington, August 16, 1777, which \nwere presented to the State by Brigadier General John Stark. On the \nwalls are portraits of twenty-two governors, including an original portrait \nof John Winthrop. \n\nThe State House Park, on the east side of the long building, is a spread- \ning lawn fringed with young trees, shrubs, and flowers, space for which \nwas obtained by discontinuing two or three fine old streets and remov- \ning the well-favored dwellings that faced upon them. Beneath a con- \nsiderable part of it are great coal bunkers for the large supply of coal \nrequired for the State House. The reproduced Btilfinch Monument in \nstone occupies as near as may be the position of the original one. It \nis an exact copy of that in dimensions, and the eagle at its top follows \nthe original drawing of Bulfinch's bird. The inscription on the bronze \ntablet in the base gives this concise chapter of history : In 1634 the \nGeneral Court caused a Beacon to be placed on the top of this kill. In \n1790 a brick and stone monument designed by Charles Bill/inch replaced \nthe Beacon, but was removed in 181 1 -when the hill was cut down. It is \nnow reproduced in stone by the Blinker Hill Monument Association. 1898. \nThe old tablets of the Bulfinch monument are set higher in the base. \n\nThe statue in the lawn near by is that of Major General Charles \nDevens (United States Marshal, United States Attorney-General, and \nJustice of the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts). It is by \nOlin L. Warner, and was erected by the State in 1898. The equestrian \nstatue on the Beacon Street side of the park, set in the broad walk, \nis of Major General Joseph Hooker, the figure by Daniel C. French, \nthe horse by Edward C. Potter. This was erected in 1903. \n\nWe reenter Beacon Street by the arched way from this walk, opposite \nthe head of Park Street. Down Park Street we see, facing the Common, \na line of buildings, mostly dwellings reconstructed for business purposes, \nseveral of which are interesting landmarks. The upper one at the \nBeacon Street corner was, in part (that part fronting on Park Street, a \nportion of the old iron-railed entrance steps remaining), the home of \nGeorge Ticknor, the historian (\" History of Spanish Literature \"). The \n\n\nBEACON STREET \n\n\n45 \n\n\nlarger building below is the house of the Union Club, established (1863) \nduring the Civil War, primarily as a political club in support of the \nUnion cause. Edward Everett was its first president. It occupies \nin part the residence of Abbott Lawrence, a foremost Boston mer- \nchant in his time. Farther down, at No. 4, is the publishing house \nof Hough ton, MifHin & Co., occupying the old Qitincy mansion house, \nthe winter home of the elder Josiah Quincy (whose statue we shall \npresently see) through the last seven years of his long, eventful, and \nuseful life of nearly ninety-two years. Near the end of the short line. \nNo. 2 was the last Boston \nhomeofthe historian Motley, \njust prior to his appointment \nas United States minister to \nEngland in 1869. \n\nNow turning our steps \ndown Beacon Street east- \nward, we pass in close \nneighborhood the Unitarian \nBuilding, at the comer of \nBowdoin Street; directly \nopposite, the Congregational \nHouse; and next to this the \nBoston Athenitum. \n\nThe Unitarian Building, a low, Moorish-like structure of brownstone \n(built 1885-1886), is the headquarters of the American Unitarian Asso- \nciation, and the general denominational house, where are the offices of \nvarious organizations, national, state, and local. Channing Hall here, \nand neighboring rooms, are embellished with portraits and busts of \nUnitarian leaders. The Congregational House, a building of stone and \nbrick, ornamented with sculptured tablets (built 1897-1898), is the head- \nquarters of the Congregational Trinitarian denomination. The emblem- \natic sculptures on the facade represent respectively, from east to \nwest : Law, depicting the Signing of the Compact in the cabin of the \nAfavflower, November 21, 1620; Religion, the observance of Sunday \non Clark's Island on the day before the landing at Plymouth; Educa^ \ntion, the act of the (ieneral Court of Massachusetts passed October 28, \n1636, appropriating money for a \" schoole or colledge\" ; and Philan- \nthropy, the preaching of the apostle Eliot to the Indians at Waban's \nwigwam on old Nonantum Hill, Newton. October, 1646. In this \nbuilding are established the Congregational Library and the Missionary \nLibrary of the American Hoard of Commissioners for Eoreign Missions, \nwith the remarkable Pratt Collection, in the Bible Room, embracing \n\n\nFROM AN OLD PRINT OF BOSTON COMMON \n\n\n46 \n\n\nBOSTON ATHENAEUM \n\n\nHebrew rolls, various editions of the Scriptures, palm books, biblical \nand other charts, relics, and antiquities. The head offices of the \nAmerican Board are here. Pilgrim Hall is in the rear from the main \nentrance. \n\nThe Boston Athenzeum, presenting a classic front of brown freestone, \nin marked contrast with its lofty neighbors, dates from 1849. The \nliterary institution for which it was erected dates back to 1807. This \nhad its origin in the Monthly Anthology, a magazine first published \nin 1803, of which the Rev. William Emerson, \nfather of Ralph Waldo Emerson, was the prin- \ncipal editor. The persons who became interested \nin that \"journal of polite literature\" — a remark- \nable set of cultivated young men — formed the \n\"Anthology Club,\" and collected a library, which \nwas incorporated in 1807 as the Boston Athe- \nnaeum. Quarters were first found in Congress \nStreet, then in a Pearl Street mansion house \npresented to the institution (1821), and later this \nbuilding was built by the corporation. For many \nyears the Athenaeum had in connection with its \nlibrary a valuable art gallery, but the best paint- \nings of its collection have been transferred to \nthe Museum of Fine Arts, Back Bay. It now \npossesses over 200,000 volumes, many of them \nrare; a large collection of Braun photographs \nand art works ; files of early newspapers ; the \nBemis collection of works on international law, \nincluding state papers, etc., for the increase of \n\nwhich there is a substantial fund ; one of the very best sets of United \nStates documents in the country; the best collection in existence of \nbooks published in the South during the Civil War; and a large part \nof George Washington's private library, with many works relating to \nthe first President. The Stuart portrait of Washington now at the \nArt Museum is owned by the Athenaeum. \n\nThe Athenaeum became early a center of the new literary and artistic life which \nwas to make Boston famous in Emerson's time. From it came, more or less \ndirectly, the old and scholarly North American Review ; and most of the literary \nsocieties and libraries of to-day in Boston owe their origin entirely or in part to \nthe influence of the Athenaeum and its founders. The institution is managed by \ntrustees elected by its 1049 shareholders, known as \" proprietors.\" The income \nis derived from invested funds and from an annual assessment upon each share \nin use. Some famous men of New England have been among the proprietors of \n\n\nBOSTON UNIVERSITY \n\n\n47 \n\n\nthe Athenxum, including Daniel Webster, Charles Sunnier. Holmes, Parkman, \nand Prescott. William F. Poole, who originated Poole's Index, was at one time \nits librarian. Arthur Theodore Lyman is the present president, and Charles \nKnowles Bolton is the librarian. \n\nThe old-fashioned \"swell fronts\" above the bend of Beacon Street, \nat the upper corner of Somerset Street, are the quarters of the Boston \nCity Club, a large social and business organization of citizens \"interested \nin the city of Boston and the problems of its growth.\" \n\nIn Somerset Street, a. few steps from the corner, is Jacob Sleeper \nHall, the general building of Boston University (chartered 1869, for \nboth sexes). In this building are established the School of Liberal \nArts, which constitutes the academic department, and the School of \nAll Sciences. Near by, on Ashbitrton Place, opening from Somerset \nStreet, is the School of Law. Within a ten-minute walk is the School \nof Theology, at 72 Mt. Vernon Street, West End. The other depart- \nment of the university, the School of Medicine, is at the South End, \non East Concord Street, adjacent to the Massachusetts Homeopathic \nHospital. Beyond the School of I^aw the upper end of Ashburton \nPlace is imposingly finished by the Ford Building, erected for Baptist \nheadquarters. Farther down Somerset Street, at Xo. 18, is the house \nof the New England Historic Genealogical Society (founded 1844, in- \ncorporated 1845). Here is a valuable library of more than 50.000 \nvolumes and over 100,000 pamphlets, comprising the best known col- \nlection of genealogical works, biographies, and histories, American and \nEnglish. From fifty to two hundred visitors, students in genealogy \nand compilers, make daily use of this extensive collection. The \nsociety also possesses numerous rare manuscripts and historical relics. \nIt publishes the •' New England Historical and Genealogical Register\" \n(established 1847). \n\nJohn Ward Dean was for a long period the librarian of this society. The \npresent president is the Hon. James Phinney Baxter, of Portland. Maine; tin- \npresent secretary, fieorge A. Gordon: the librarian. William P. (m-enl.iw ; and \nthe editor of publications, Henry F.. Woods. \n\nOn />'<•<;. i>n Strett again, the modern office building occupying tin- \ncorner of Tremont Place covers the site of a row of pleasant houses \nwhich slowly changed from dwellings to business places. The corner \none was the sometime home of Nathan Hale, where /-.' °Pen to tne public for a modest fee, which \ngoes to meet the cost of its maintenance. The \ninterior is restored as far as possible to the aspect which it bore in the \nprerevolutionary period, when it was the scene of those great town meet- \nings, too large for the old Faneuil Hall, which \" kindled the flame that \nfired the Revolution,\" and in commemoration of which the meeting- \nhouse came to be called the \" Sanctuary of Freedom.\" The tablet \non the tower, over which the Boston ivy spreads, is inscribed with \nthese historic dates : \n\n\nOLD SOUTH MEETINGHOUSE 51 \n\nOld South \n\nChurch gathered 1669 \n\nFirst House built 1670 \n\nThis House erected 1729 \n\nDesecrated by British troops 17/5-6 \n\nThe preservation of the meetinghouse is directly due to the efforts \nof an organization of twenty-five Boston women, under the title of the \n\" Old South Preservation Committee,\" formed in the centennial year \nof 1876, at a critical juncture, when its demolition was imminent \nthrough the sale of the property for mercantile purposes. Public \ninterest was aroused, \" preservation meetings \" were held with lectures, \naddresses, and poems by Emerson, Henry Lee, Lowell, Holmes, and \nothers; and finally this organization succeeded — Mrs. Mary Hemenway \ncontributing $100,000 — in purchasing the estate subject to certain \nrestrictions for 5430,000. It is now used for the Old South Lectures \nto Young People, instituted by Mrs. Hemenway to promote among \nAmerican youth a \" more serious and intelligent attention to histor- \nical studies, especially studies in American History,\" of which Edwin \nD. Mead is the director. \n\nThe town meetings of greatest moment held here were those of June 14 and \n15, 1768, upon the matter of the impressment of Massachusetts men by the com- \nmander of his majesty's ship of war Romney ; the long afternoon and early \nevening meeting of March 6, 1770, the day after the Boston Massacre, which \nbrought about the removal of the British regiments from the town ; and the anti- \ntea meetings between November 27 and December 16, 1773, culminating with the \n\" Tea Party\" and the emptying of the cargoes of the tea ships into the harbor. \nThe series of orations commemorative of the Boston Massacre was delivered \nhere, Dr. Joseph Warren, three months before he was killed \\t Bunk\"r Hill, pro- \nnouncing the second one, upon which occasion he was introduced through a window \nin the rear of the pulpit, the entrance doors and the aisles, and even the pulpit \nsteps, being occupied by British soldiers and officers. During the Siege, when the \nmeetinghouse was used as a riding school by Burgoyne's regiment of light dra- \ngoons, the floor was cleared for their exercises, and cart loads of earth and gravel \nwere spread over it. The pulpit, the pews, and all the inside structures except \nthe sounding-board and the east galleries were taken out and most of them burned \nfor fuel. One \" beautiful carved p--w,\" with silken furnishings, was carried off to \na neighboring house and •' made a hog stye\" of. The east galleries were fitted \nfor spectators, and in one of them was a refreshment bar. The south door was \nclosed and a pole was fixed here over which the cavalry were taught to leap their \nhorses at full speed. In the winter a stove was set up, in which were used for \nkindling many of the precious books and manuscripts of the Rev. Thomas \nPrince's New England Library, then deposited in the \" steeple- room \" of the \ntower. The manuscript of Bradford's \"History of Plimoth \" (see p. 43), and \nthat of the third volume of Winthrop's Journal among them, were spared. In \n\n\n52 BENJAMIN FRANKLIN'S BIRTHPLACE \n\nthis tower study the Rev. Jeremy Belknap, the historian and the recognized \nfounder of the Massachusetts Historical Society, did much work. \n\nThe meetinghouse which preceded this, a \" little house of cedar,\" was the one \nwhich Andros obliged the regular church organization to share with the first \nEpiscopal church (see p. 24). That, too, was the place where Judge Samuel \nSewall in 1697 published his \"confession of contrition\" for his share as a witch- \ncraft judge in the \" blood-guiltiness \" at Salem five years before. It was also the \nmeetinghouse where Benjamin Franklin was baptized on the day of his birth, \nJanuary 17 (6 O. S.), 1706. \n\nIn the neighborhood of the Old South is the newspaper quarter, \nNewspaper Row, extending below the curve of Washington Street, \nnorthward. Near it, also on Washington Street and Bromfield Street, \nare popular bookshops. \n\nFrom the Old South to the \" Tea Party \" Site. At the Old South we \nturn into Milk Street, but before doing so we should identify the site \nof the Province House, the official residence of the royal governors, cele- \nbrated in Hawthorne's \" Legends of the Province House.\" This build- \ning stood nearly opposite the meetinghouse, well back from Washington \nStreet, above a handsome lawn ornamented by two noble oaks at the \nstreet front. A bit of its wall yet remains backing upon Province Court, \nwhich is reached from Washington Street by a foot passage. \n\nIt was a stately house of brick, three stories, with gambrel roof, and a high \ncupola surmounted by a figure of an Indian with drawn bow and arrow, another \nspecimen of the handiwork of \" Deacon \" Shem Drowne, maker of the grass- \nhopper on Faneuil Hall. The approach was by a high flight of stone steps \nleading to a portico, over which appeared the royal arms in deal and gilt. It \nlong outlived the Province period. After the Revolution it served the Com- \nmonwealth a while as the Government House, for the sittings of the governor \nand council, and for state offices. Thereafter it fell to commercial uses, and in \nits latter days it was a hall of negro minstrelsy. It finally passed, all but the bit \nof wall, in a fire in 1864. It was built originally for a dwelling by an opulent \nmerchant, Peter Sergeant, in 1667. The Province bought it for a governor's \nhouse in 1715. The Indian was preserved and is now in the collection of the \nMassachusetts Historical Society. \n\nProvince Street and Province Court led to the rear grounds of the Province \nHouse. After the Revolution Province Street was for some time called the \nGovernor's Alley. \n\nOn Milk Street we pass the site of Benjamin Franklin's Birthplace, \ncovered by the building No. 17, nearly opposite the side of the Old \nSouth, which bears on its front the legend \" Birthplace of Franklin,\" \nwith a bust of the philosopher. \n\nA little farther down, on the left, is the Federal Building, including \nthe Post Office and the Federal courts, a gloomy pile of granite, chiefly \n\n\nFORT HILL SQUARE 53 \n\ninteresting for its service in checking at this point the sweep of the \nGreat Fire of November 9-10, 1872, the gravest of all great Boston \nfires. In the wall at the Milk and Devonshire streets corner is a \ntablet commemorating that disaster, from which the city was quick \nto recover. It states that this fire, \" beginning at the southeasterly \ncomer of Summer and Kingston Streets, extended over an area of sixty \nacres, destroyed within the business center of the city property to the \nvalue of more than sixty million dollars, and was arrested in its north- \neasterly progress at this point. The mutilated stones of this building \nalso record that event.\" \n\nFederal Street, next below Devonshire Street, southward, is one of \nthe main avenues to the South Station. It has two historic sites \ncovered by business buildings. These are at or about the western \ncorners of Franklin Street, the first street crossing Federal. One \n(northwest corner) is the site of the Federal Street Theater, the first \nregular playhouse in Boston, designed by Bultinch and erected in \n1794, The other is that of the Federal Street Church, the Hoston \npulpit of William Ellery Channing from 1803 till his death in 1842. \n\nWe continue two blocks farther down Milk Street to Pearl Street, \nwhich opens from the lower end of Post Office Square, upon which \nthe Federal Building fronts. Near the north side of this square is the \nsite of the first office of the Liberator, the dingy little a-ttic room where, \nin 1831, William Lloyd Garrison began his most aggressive antislavery \neditorial work. The building stood on the northeast comer of Congress \nand Water streets until it was swept off in the fire of 1872. \n\nWhen Garrison was mobbed in 1835, and was given refuge in the Old State \nHouse, then the City Hall, the Liberator office was on Washington Street in \na building backing on Wilson's Lane, now Devonshire Street, where the attack \nupon him began. \n\nTurning into Pearl Street we follow it to its end at Atlantic Avenue, \nwhere is the \"Tea Party\" site. Along the way we cross High Street, \nand looking down this street eastward we see in the distance the \npoplar trees of Fort Hill Square, which marks the site of Fort Hill, one \nof the three original hills of Hoston, which vvas leveled in 1867-1872. \nThe hill got its name from the fort which was erected on its summit in \n1632, the first fort on the peninsula. It was then at the eastern extrem- \nity of the town, directly opposite the harbor. In the second fort here, \nbuilt in 1687, Andros took refuge at the time of the revolution which \noverthrew his government. \n\nThe \"Tea Party Wharf\" was near the western line of the present \nAtlantic Avenue, close by Pearl Street. The tablet which we see on \n\n\n54 THE NORTH END \n\nthe avenue front of the building occupying the northern corner of \nthe two streets marks the site as nearly as possible. The inscription, \nbeneath the model of a tea ship, tells the story of the party concisely: \n\nHere formerly stood \nGRIFFIN'S WHARF \n\nat which lay moored on Dec. 16, 1773, three \nBritish ships with cargoes of tea. To defeat \nKing George's trivial but tyrannical tax \nof three pance a pound, about ninety \ncitizens of Boston, partly disguised \nas Indians, boarded the ships, \nthrew the cargoes, three hun- \ndred and forty-two chests \nin all, into the sea, \nand made the world \nring with the patriotic \n\nexploit of the \nBOSTON TEA PARTY. \n\n\"No, ne'er was mingled such a draught \n\nIn palace, hall, or arbor, \nAs freemen brewed and tyrants quaffed \nThat night in Boston Harbor.\" \n\nAt this point we can take a surface car or, by walking to the next \nstation northward, an elevated train, and ride to the North End for our \nexploration of that quarter. It is better, however, to take a south- \nbound car and return by way of Dewey Square (passing the South \nStation) and Summer Street to Washington Street, making our entry \ninto the North End by the customary route from Scollay Square. \n\n\n2. THE NORTH END \n\nThe North End (see Plate III), though now bereft of many of the \nlandmarks that once gave it an antique flavor and a peculiar charm to \nseekers of things old and historic, is yet a quarter to which the much- \nworn term \" unique \" may justly be applied. There still remain a few \nlandmarks of great interest, and \" historic sites \" abound in this small \nand compact district. The first \"court end\" of the town, where the \ngentry had their fine mansions beside the many quaint humbler houses \nof the early Colonial period, it is now the foreign quarter of the city, \nwith foreign signs in dingy shops and a swarming population of Rus- \nsians, Armenians, Israelites, Norwegians, Poles, Italians saluting our \nears with a jargon of tongues. \n\n\nGREEN DRAGON TAVERN \n\n\n55 \n\n\nWe approach the North End by way of Hanover Street, which runs \nfrom Scollay Square to the Chelsea Ferry on the water front. \n\nAt Union Street, the cross street next below Washington Street \nextension, we come to two historic sites of first importance. One is \nthe site of the Green Dragon Tavern, the \" headquarters of the Revo- \nlution.\" This stood on Union Street, a few steps off from the left side \nof Hanover Street. The spot is marked by a business building (No. 81, \nleft side), high up on the face of which is a stone effigy of the tavern \nsign, — a sheet-copper, green-painted repre- ^ \n\nsentation of a creature of forked tongue and \ncurled tail, which couched upon an iron crane \nprojecting over the entrance door. The tavern \nexisted from 1680 or thereabouts, through \nColonial, Provincial, and Republican days, till \nthe twenties of the nineteenth century, when \nthe lane which bore its name was widened to \nform the present street. \n\nIt was at the Cireen Dragon that the prerevo- \nlutionary leaders held their secret councils and \nformed their plans of campaign. Here the Tea \nParty originated. Jt was the rendezvous of the \nnight patrol of Boston Mechanics, instituted to keep \nwatch upon the British and Tory movements. It \nwas the chief meeting place of the \" North End \nCorcus,\" one of the three clubs composed of patriot \nleaders and followers, which added the word \n\"caucus \" to our political nomenclature. It was also the- first Free Masons' hall, \nthe pioneer St. Andrews Lodge having been organized here in 1752, and in I7<>o, \nthe first Grand Lodge of the Province, with Dr. Joseph Warren as (irand Master \nand Paul Revere a subordinate officer. \n\nThe other site is that of Josiah Franklin's dwelling and chandlery shop, \nat \"the sign of the Blue Hall,\" the boyhood home of Benjamin Franklin, \nwhere he worked for his father at candle-making and tended the \nshop. Near by was the \"salt marsh \" by the Mill Pond, on the edge of \nwhich he fished for minnows. The \" Blue Ball\" stood near the south- \neast comer of the junction of Union and Hanover streets. It hi-ld its \nplace till the middle of the nineteenth century, when it was demolished \nin the widening of Hanover Street at this point. Its site is included in \nthe street way. \n\nA stone's throw up Union Street (eastward) Mar s //<;// '.< Lane (now \nofficially called street) opens from the left side, — one of the alleys or \n\"short cuts\" of old Boston, through which we must pass. It will bring \n\n\n56 \"BOSTON STONE, 1737\" \n\nus back to Hanover Street close to the cross street next below Union \nStreet. \n\nAs \\ve enter Marshall's Lane from Union Street we cannot fail to \nnotice the low-browed brick building of eighteenth-century fashion \nwhich occupies the upper comer of the lane and street. This is inter- \nesting as the place where Benjamin Thompson of Woburn, who became \nSir Benjamin Thompson and then Count Rumford, was a clerk or \napprentice in his youth in Hopestill Capen's shop, selling imported \nstuffs to the fashionable folk of the provincial town. At the outbreak \nof the Revolution the Massachusetts Spy, afterward of Worcester, was \nprinted on the upper floor of this building. \n\nSoon our lane makes a junction with another, — Creek Lane, which \noriginally led to the Mill Creek, where is now Blackstone Street, as \nMarshall's Lane first led to the Mill Bridge across the creek. Here we \nsee set against the base of a building a rough piece of stone with a \nspherical one on top of it marked \"Boston Stone, 1737.\" This is only \nthe relic of a paint mill which a painter brought out from England \nabout 1700 and used in his shop close by. Perhaps he was Tom Child \nby name, to whom Sewall alludes in his diary: \"Nov. 10, 1706. This \nmorning Tom Child the Painter died.\" The monument was set up \nhere some time after the painter's day, in imitation of the London Stone, \nto serve as a direction for shops in the neighborhood. A similar guide \npost, called the Union Stone, stood for some years at the entrance of \nthe lane by Hopestill Capen's shop. In the front of the building at \nthe outlet of the lane, on Hanover Street, is a carved reproduction of \nthe London Painters' Guild, which is said to have been the sign of the \npainter who used the \" Boston Stone.\" \n\nOpposite this monument we see, in the worn old structure on the \ncorner of Creek Lane, the office of Ebenezer Hancock (brother of John \nHancock), deputy paymaster general of the Continental army, where \nwere deposited the funds in French crowns brought out by d'Estaing \nfrom America's ally, the king of France, which went to pay the arrears \nof the officers of the Continental line. The block beyond, facing Creek \nLane, is \"Hancock Row,\" built for stores by John Hancock after the \npeace. \n\nAgain on Hanover Street, we cross to the other side and enter Salem \nStreet, which starts off obliquely from Hanover Street and then runs \nparallel with it. Now we are fairly within the North End. It is a curious \nstreet, with strange denizens. In early Colony days it was fair Green \nLane, upon which it was the dream of prospering Boston ians to live. \nAt the corner of Stillman Street is the site of the first Baptist meeting- \nhouse, erected in 1679, on the border of the open Mill Pond then on this \n\n\nIN AND ABOUT NORTH SQUARE 57 \n\nside. This was the meetinghouse which was closed against the pro- \nscribed sect and its doors nailed up in 1680 by order of the court; \nwhen the undaunted society held their services in the meetinghouse \nyard. Its descendant is the present First Baptist Church on Common- \nwealth Avenue, Back Bay. Prince Street, intersecting Salem Street mid- \nway, preserves more of the old-time aspect than other streets of the \nquarter. This street (first in part Black Horse Lane) was the direct \nway from the North End to the Charlestown ferry (where is now the \nCharlestown Bridge), and after the battle of Bunker Hill numbers of \nthe wounded British were brought here to houses which were turned \ninto temporary hospitals. The most important of these emergency hos- \npitals was a fine new house near the lower end of Prince Street at the \ncomer of Lafayette Street. This remained until the end of the nine- \nteenth century, being occupied for some years by a grandson of one of \nthe Boston Tea Party. Another on Prince Street, nearer Salem Street, \nis the so-called Stoddard house, a narrow brick dwelling, still standing \n(No. 130). It is said that Major Pitcairn was brought to this house \nand died here from his wounds. On the westerly corner of Prince and \nMargaret streets is the house where long lived John Tilcston, the school \nmaster, the rigid but beloved master for two thirds of a century of the \noldest North End school, which became the Eliot School. \n\nIn and about North Square. Taking Prince Street at the right we \ncross Hanover Street and enter North Square. This squalid trian- \ngular inclosure was the central point of the North End in its \"elegant \" \ndays, when it was adorned with trees and dignified by neighboring \nmansions. It is now the heart of the Italian colony. At its outlet \nupon North Street is the one landmark here of historic value. This is \nthe little low house of wood, hedged in by ambitious modem structures, \nmarked as the home of Paul Revere. It was the versatile patriot's \ndwelling from about 1770 through the Revolution and until iSoo. when, \nhaving prospered in his foundry, he bought a finer house on Charter \nStreet near by and there spent the remainder of his days. This North \nSquare house was old when Revere moved into it from his earlier home \non North Street (then Fish Street). It was built soon after the great \nfire of 1676 in place of Increase Mather's house, the parsonage of the \nNorth Church, which went down with the meetinghouse in that \ndisaster. \n\nIt was in the iipp-.-r windows of this North Square house that on tin- evening \nof the Boston Massacre Revere displayed those awful illustrated pictures \nwhich, we read, struck the assembly of spectators \"with solemn silence.\" while \n\"their countenances were covered with a melancholy gloom.\" And well might \nthey have shuddered. In the middle window appeared a realistic view of th« \n\n\n58 OLD NORTH CHURCH \n\nw massacre.\" In the north window was shown the \" Genius of Liberty,\" a sitting \nfigure holding aloft a liberty cap and trampling under foot a soldier hugging a \nserpent, the emblem of military tyranny. In the south window was an obelisk \ndisplaying the names of the five victims, in front of which was a bust of the boy \nSnider, killed a few days before the \" massacre \" in a struggle before a Tory shop \nwhich had been \" marked \" as one not to be patronized ; and behind the bust a \nshadowy, gory figure, with these lines beneath : \n\nSnider's pale ghost fresh bleeding stands \nAnd Vengeance for his death demands. \n\nJust below this house, at about the corner of North and Richmond \nstreets, stood the Red Lion Inn of early Colony days, kept by Nicholas \nUpsall, befriender of the proscribed Quakers, — the \" Upsall gray with \nhis length of days\" of the \"King's Missive,\" — who suffered banish- \nment and imprisonment for his friendly acts. On Richmond Street \nwas the birthplace of Charlotte Cushman (born 1816), whose name is \nperpetuated in the Cushman School near by. \n\nAt the head of the square, on the north side, is the site of the Old \nNorth Church, which the British pulled down and used for firewood \nduring the Siege. It stood between Garden Court and Moon streets. \nIt was the second meetinghouse of the Second Church in Boston \n(instituted in 1649), built upon the ruins of the first one, burned in the \nfire of 1676. It became popularly known as the Ckurch of the Mathers, \nfrom Increase, Cotton, son of Increase, and Samuel, son of Cotton \nMather, successively its ministers. In the prerevolutionary period John \nLathrop, a stanch patriot, was its minister, and it was the church which \nRevere attended. \n\nAfter the Revolution the lot upon which it had stood was set apart for the \ndwelling of Mr. Lathrop (who continued the minister till his death in 1816), \nand the society acquired the \" New Brick Church \" in the near neighborhood \non Hanover Street, the successor of which was the Cockerel Chiirch,$K> called \nfrom a coppsr weathercock which crowned its steeple — still another piece of \n\" Deacon \" Shem Browne's clever work — and is now still doing service on the \nsteeple of the Shepard Memorial Church in Cambridge. Mr. Lathrop's house \non the old church lot was large and comfortable in appearance, with a row of \npoplars in the front yard, and on the Moon Street corner a weeping willow. \nThese were all blown down in the destructive September gale of 1815. \n\nThe descendant of the Old North is the ivy-clad Second Church on \nCopley Square. Ralph Waldo Emerson was a minister of the Second \nChurch from 1829 to 1832. \n\nIn Garden Court Street stood the stately mansion of Governor Thomas \nHutchinson (his birthplace), which was sacked and partly destroyed \nwith much of its contents by the anti-Stamp-Act mob on the night of \n\n\nCHRIST CHURCH AND COPP'S HILL 59 \n\nAugust 26, 1765. It was a house of generous proportions, built of \nbrick, painted \"stone color,\" and set in ample grounds, the garden \nextending on one side to Fleet Street and back to Hanover Street. \nThe interior was rich in finish and adornments. It is well pictured, \nalthough with fanciful touches, in Lydia Maria Child's early his- \ntorical romance, \" The Rebels, A Tale of the Revolution,\" published \nin 1852. It was here that Hutchinson wrote his \"History of \nMassachusetts.\" \n\nThe first volume was published in 1764. When the house was pillaged the \nsecond volume lay in the rich library in manuscript almost ready for the press. \nIt was thrown out with other precious books and papers, and \" left lying in the \nstreet for several hours in a soaking rain.\" But most fortunately all but a few \nsheets were carefully collected and saved by the Rev. Andrew Eliot, minister of \nthe \" New North \" Church, living near by on Hanover Street, and the author \nwas enabled to transcribe the whole and publish it two years later. \n\nHutchinson and his family made their hurried escape from the house just \nbefore the mob reached it, finding refuge in neighboring dwellings. Hutchinson \nwas first harbored in Samuel Mather's house on Moon Street, but was obliged to \nseek another refuge to avoid the threatening mob. \n\nAlso occupying Garden Court Street with the Hutchinson house, and \nof similar elegance, was the Clark-Frankland mansion, so called from \n\\Villiam Clark, a rich merchant who built it, and Sir Harry Frankland, \nwho afterward lived in it. J. Fenimore Cooper pictured this house in \n\" Lionel Lincoln,\" in his description of the residence of \" Mrs. Lech- \nmere,\" which he placed on Tremont Street ; and Edwin L. Bynner po.-- \ntrayed it in his novel of \" Agnes Surriage.\" Both of these mansions \nlingered in picturesque decay till the thirties of the nineteenth century, \nwhen the Bell Alley entrance to the square was widened into Prince \nStreet. \n\nDuring the Siege North Square was a military rendezvous with bar- \nracks for the soldiers, their officers occupying the comfortable dwellings \nabout it. The building on the east side by Moon Street, now an Italian \nchurch, was originally \"Father Taylor's Betlul\" a sailors' church, built \nin the early part of the nineteenth century, long conducted by the Rev. \nEdward T. Taylor, one of nature's orators and a bom minister to \nseafaring men. \n\nChrist Church and Copp's Hill. Now we return to Salem Street, cross- \ning Hanover Street and passing through North Bennet or TiK-ston Street, \neither of which will bring us close to Christ Church and Copp's Hill, \nthe predominating historic features of the North End to day. As we \ncross Hanover Street we should give a glance at a little low house \ncrowded back from the street line (a second story and roof above a \n\n\n6o \n\n\nCHRIST CHURCH \n\n\nprojecting store) on the west side, just below North Bennet Street. \nThis is a remnant of the house built in 1677 by Increase Mather after \nthe fire in North Square. It was Dr. Mather's home till his death in \n1723. Afterward it was long occupied by the Rev. Andrew Eliot and \nhis son, John Eliot, ministers successively of the \nNew North Church. From these ministerial occu- \npants it is called the Mather-Eliot house. On North \nBennet Street was the first grammar school in the north \npart of the town, established in 1713, and on Tileston \nStreet (named for the old schoolmaster) was the first \nwriting school in the North End, begun in 1718. This \nstreet was at that time Love Lane, so called not from \nany sentimental characteristic that it possessed, but \nfrom a family by the name of Love who owned prop- \nerty about it. \n\nChrist Church is the oldest church edifice now \nstanding in Boston, older by six years than the Old \nSouth, and by thirty years than King's Chapel. It \nwas the second Episcopal church established in \nBoston. The corner stone was laid in April, 1723, \nwhen the Rev. Samuel Myles, then rector of King's \nChapel, officiated, accompanied, says the record, \" by \nthe gentlemen of his congregation.\" The ceremony \nclosed with the prayer, \" May the gates of Hell never \nprevail Against it.\" It was certainly built well to \nwithstand the issaults of time. The stone side walls \nare two and a half feet thick, and the construction \nthroughout is substantial. The brick tower is of four \nfloors. Th, first spire was described as the \"most \nelegant in the town.\" That was blown down in a \ngale in October, 1805, but the present one, erected \nthree years later, is said to be a faithful copy of it, \npreserving its proportions and symmetry. This tower \nhas additional interest in that it was made from a \nmodel by Bnljinch. The tower chimes of eight \nbells, still the most melodious of any in the city, \nwere first hung in 1744. Each bell has an inter- \nesting inscription. \nThe tablet on the tower front bears this familiar legend : The signal \nlanterns of Paul Revere displayed in the steeple of this church April 18, \nf775> 'warned the country of the march of the British troops to Lexington \nand Concord. \n\n\nI \n\n\nCHRIST CHVRCH, \nSALEM STKKET \n\n\nCHRIST CHURCH 61 \n\nThis tablet was set in 1878, the statement it conveys being substan- \ntiated by several local historical authorities. Other recognized authori- \nties, chief among them Richard Frothingham, the historian of the Siege \nof Boston, place these signal lanterns on the tower of the true Old \nNorth Church — the meetinghouse in North Square which the British \ndestroyed. That Gage witnessed the battle of Bunker Hill from this \ntower is an undisputed statement. \n\nThe interior of the church retains much of the old-time aspect. \nAmong the mural ornaments is Houdon's bust of Washington, the first \nmonumental effigy of Washington set up in the country. It was placed \nhere only ten years after Washington's death. The figures of the cher- \nubim in front of the organ and the brass chandeliers, destined originally \nfor a Canadian convent, were given to the church in 1758 by the master \nof an English privateer, who captured them from a French ship on the \nhigh seas. An ancient \"Vinegar Bible\" and the old prayer books are \nstill in use. The silver communion service includes several pieces bear- \ning the royal arms, which were gifts from George II in 1733, at the \ninstance of the royal Governor Belcher. The clock below the rail has \nbeen in place since 1 746. \n\nBeneath the tower are old tombs. In one of them Major Pitcaim \nwas temporarily buried. Some years later, when his monument was \nerected in Westminster Abbey and his English relatives sent for his \nremains, a box said to contain them was duly forwarded, but the \ngrewsome tale is told that the sexton was not sure of his identification. \nThe church is open to visitors for inspection upon application to the \nsexton ; fee, twenty-five cents. \n\nA block above, at the comer of Salem and Sheafe streets, is the site \nof the home of Robert Newman. He was the sexton of Christ Church \nin 1775 who, according to the tradition that its steeple was the place \nof the Revere signals, hung them out at the instance of John Puling, a \nwarden of the church, and in Revere's confidence. At the time British \nofficers were quartered in this house upon the Newman family. It \nstood until 1889. Near by, on Sheafe Street, was the birthplace of the \nRev. Samuel F. Smith, author of \" America.\" \n\nUp Hull Street, opening directly opposite Christ Church, a few steps \nbring us to the main gate of Copp's Hill Burying Ground, -—a mob of \nyouthful guides of both sexes and various nationalities pressing us along \nthe way, rattling off with glib tongue the \"features\" of the region, and \noffering to show them, all and several, for a nickel. ////// Strett per- \npetuates the name' of John Hull, the maker of the pine-tree shillings. \nIt was originally cut through Hull's pasture (in 1701), and the land for \nit was given by his daughter H?r,nah and Judge Sewall, her husband, \n\n\n62 COPP'S HILL \n\non the happy condition that it should retain this name \"forever.\" Of \nthe few old houses permitted to remain here, but one need engage our \nattention. This one is on the south side, distinguished from its neigh- \nbors in standing endwise to the street. It is the Galloupe, or Gallop, \nhouse, so called, dating from 1722, which Gage's staff made their head- \nquarters during the battle of Bunker Hill. The Gallops who occupied \nit through two generations were lineal descendants of Captain John \nGallop, the earliest pilot in Boston Harbor, among the \" first comers \" \nof 1630, for whom Gallop's Island in the harbor is named. He also lived \nin the North End, \" near the shore, where his boat could ride safely at \nanchor.\" \n\nIn the Copp's Hill of to-day we see only a small remnant of the \noriginal eminence, the northernmost of the three hills of the penin- \nsula upon which Boston was planted. It now consists of an embank- \nment left after cuttings of the hill, protected on its steepest sides by a \nhigh stone wall. At the time of the battle of Bunker Hill, when its \nsummit was occupied by the British battery whose shot, under the \ndirection of Burgoyne and Clinton, set Charlestown on fire, it termi- \nnated abruptly on the northwest side, opposite Charlestown, in a high \ncliff. \n\nThis battery stood near the southwest corner of the burying ground on land \nafterward cut down. Perhaps its site was the same as that of the windmill of a \ncentury earlier, brought over from Cambridge and set up here in 1653, to \"grind \nthe settlers' corn,\" thereby giving the hill its first name of \" Windmill Hill.\" It \ngot its name of Copp's from William Copp, an industrious cobbler, one of the \nfirst settlers, who owned a house and lot on its southeast corner near Prince \nStreet. \n\nThe burying ground, which now goes under the general name of \nCopp's Hill, really comprises four cemeteries of different periods: the \nNorth Burial Ground (established in 1660, the same year as the Granary \nBurying Ground); the Hull Street (1707); the New North (1809); and \nthe Charter Street (1819). The oldest section is the northeasterly part \nof the inclosure. It is the largest of the historic burying grounds of \nthe city, and is especially cherished as a picturesque breathing place in \na squalid quarter, as well as for its associations. \n\nAmong the noted graves or tombs which we may find here are those \nof the Revs. Increase, Cotton, and Samuel Mather; of Nicholas Upsall, \nthe persecuted friend of the Quakers ; Deacon Shem Drowne, the \n\"cunning artificer\"; the Rev. Jesse Lee, early preacher of Methodism \nin Boston, his first church being the Common, where Whitefield had \npreached fifty years before ; the Rev. Francis W. P. Greenwood, rector \nof King's Chapel 1824-1843; and Edmund Hartt, the builder of the \n\n\nCOPP'S HILL 63 \n\nfrigate Constitution. The tomb of the Mathers is near the Charter \nStreet gate. A large memorial stone with bullet marks on its face \nattracts attention. It stands, as the inscription states, above the \"stone \ngrave ten feet deep,\" of \" Capt. Daniel Malcom, mercht, who departed \nthis life October 23d 1769 aged 44 years: a true Son of Liberty, a \nFriend to the Public, an Enemy of Oppression, and One of the foremost \nin opposing the Revenue Acts in America.\" This stone was a favorite \ntarget with the British soldiers quartered in the neighborhood during \nthe Siege, and the bullet marks were made by them. Another stone, \nwhich stands toward the northwest angle of the ground, is also curiously \nmarked. This commemorates \"Capt Thomas Lake, aged 61 yeeres, an \neminently faithful servant of God & one of a public spirit,\" who was \n\"perfidiovsly slain by ye Indians at Kennibeck, Avgvst ye I4th 1676, \n& here interred the 13 of March following.\" A deep slit is across its \nface, into which the bullets taken from the captain's body were poured \nafter being melted. The lead was long ago all chipped out by vandals. \nCaptain I-ake was a commander of the Ancient and Honorable Artil- \nlery Company in 1662 and 1674. Near the middle of the ground is the \ntriple gravestone of George Worthylake, first keeper of Boston Light \nin the harbor, his wife and their daughter, all drowned while coming up \nto town in his boat one day in 1718 — the mournful event that inspired \nFranklin's boyhood ballad of \"The Lighthouse Tragedy\" (see p. 17). \nA notable monument is to Major Samuel Shaw, a Revolutionary sol- \ndier, ancestor of Robert Gould Shaw. There are a number of vaults \nbearing sculptured slabs and heraldic devices. \n\nHere, as in the other old burying grounds, acts of vandalism have \nbeen committed in the past in the removal of several stones from their \nproper places, while sacrilegious hands have changed the dates on some \ntablets by transforming a 9 into a 2, as in 1620 for 1690, or 162^ for \n1695. Others have taken stones away and utili/.ed them in chimneys or \ndrains, and two or three tombs have been desecrated by the substitution \nof other names for the rightful ones upon them. The treatment of the \ntomb of the Hutchinsons with its armorial bearings, where were deposited \nthe remains of Klisha and Thomas Hutchinson, grandfather and father, \nrespectively, of Governor Hutchinson, has been cited ' as a flagrant case \nof this sort. In place of Hutchinson has been cut the name of Lewis, \nwhile the honored dust of these Hutchinsons is said to have been \n\"scattered before the four winds of heaven.\" It appears, however, \nfrom researches made in i<)o6 by a loyal descendant of Thomas Lewis, \nthat this tomb was duly sold to him in 1807 by a granddaughter <>f \nThomas Hutchinson, the deed of record bearing the signature of \n1 Kridgnun's \" Mcmori.ils of tin- Dead in Huston,\" 1*5.1. \n\n\n64 \n\n\nCOPP'S HILL TERRACES \n\n\nHannah (Mather) Crocker, a daughter of Rev. Samuel Mather and his \nwife, Thomas . Hutchinson's daughter. It further appears that the \nHutchinson bones lay in a corner of the tomb till between 1824 and \n1825, when a grandson of Thomas Lewis caused them to be placed in \na suitable box. Thomas Lewis was a deacon of the Second Church. \n\nA corner of the inclosure by Snowhill Street was originally used for \nthe burial of slaves. Near the Charter Street gate is the \" Napoleon \nwillow,\" grown from a slip from the tree at Napoleon's grave. \n\nCopp's Hill Terraces, back of the burying ground, on Charter Street, \nextending down to Commercial Street, with the North End Park and \n\nBeach on the water \nfront beyond, finish \nup rarely this fine \nopen space. The \nterraces and the park \nare parts of the be- \nneficent Boston City \nParks System. \n\nWith a short stroll \nalong Charter Street \nback to Hanover \nStreet and across to \nthe water front, our \nsurvey of the North \nEnd finishes. Charter \nStreet got its name in \n1708 from the Prov- \n\n\nNORTH STATION, CAUSEWAY STREET \n\n\nince Charter of 1692. Before that the street was a lane, and the lane \nwas associated with the Colony Charter, for it is said that that docu- \nment was hidden during the troublous days of 1681 in the house of \nJohn Foster, which stood at the corner of this and Foster Lane (now \nStreet). On the westerly corner of Charter and Salem streets Sir \nWilliam Phips, the first royal governor, built his brick mansion house \nwhen he became prosperous, thus fulfilling his dream, when a poor \nship carpenter, of some day living on \" the Green Lane of North Bos- \nton.\" Where is now Revere Place, off Charter Street near Hanover, \nwas Paul Revere's last home. On Foster Street was his foundry. \n\nTaking Battery Street from Hanover Street, we pass to Atlantic \nAvenue and North Battery Wharf, the site of the North Battery. \nConstitution Wharf, the next wharf north, marks the site of Hartt's \nshipbuilding yard where \" Old Ironsides \" was built ; also the frigate \nBoston, Lewis's Wharf, southward, opposite the foot of Fleet Street, \n\n\nTHE CHARLESTOWN DISTRICT 65 \n\nmarks in part (its north side) the site of Hancock's Wharf, upon which \nwere Hancock's warehouses. \n\nOn Atlantic Avenue we can take an elevated train at the Battery \nStreet station (or surface cars, if we prefer) and return to our starting \npoint at Scollay Square. \n\n\n3. THE CHARLESTOWN DISTRICT \n\nThe trip to Charlestown naturally follows the exploration of the \nNorth End. If we start from the latter quarter, taking an elevated \ntrain north (Battery Street station), we change at the North Station \nstation to a Sullivan Square train. If, however, we elect to go from \nthe business quarters, we have a choice of various trolley lines besides \nthe elevated : some in the Subway (from Scollay Square station), others \non the surface, several of the latter passing through Adams Square. \nThe Chelsea cars pass by the Navy Yard. \n\nThe elevated tracks, and surface tracks under them, pass over the \nnew Charlestown Bridge (completed in 1900; composed of steel and \nstone; 1900 feet long, including the approaches, and 100 feet wide; \ndraw operated by electricity; cost $1,400,000; built by the city of \nBoston). Trolley lines also cross the Warren Bridge. \n\nAll the \"features\" of Charlestown can be included within the com- \npass of a short walk. Chief of them, of course, is Bunker Hill Monument. \nThis is only a block from the second station of the elevated line in the \ndistrict, — Thompson Square (the first station being City Square, at the \nend of Charlestown Bridge), — and about a ten-minute walk from City \nSquare. The United States Navy Yard (established in iSoo), occupying \n\" Moulton's I'oint,\" the spot where the British troops landed for the \nbattle, is next in popular interest. The main gate is at the junction of \nWapping and Water streets, and Water Street opens from City Square. \nThe yard is open daily to visitors, admitted by passes which are to be \nobtained at the main gate. It is an inclosure of nearly ninety acres, \nattractively laid out, and with many interesting features. The marine \nmuseum and naval library occupy the oldest building in the grounds \nnear the entrance gate. Another near-by point of interest i* Winthrop \nSquare (about a five minute walk from City Square), the early Colonial \ntraining field, where are memorial tablets bearing the names of the \nAmericans who fell in the battle of Hunker Hill; also a Soldiers' Monu- \nment (Civil War) by Martin Milmore. sculptor of the soldiers' monument \non Boston Common. On 1'hipps Street, off Main Street, west side, \nnear Thompson Square station of the elevated line, is the ancient \n\n\n66 CHARLESTOWN DISTRICT \n\nburying ground in which is the monument to John Harvard, the first \nbenefactor of Harvard College, designed by Solomon Willard and \nerected by graduates of the university in 1828. \n\nCity Square and \"Town Hill,\" which rises on its west side behind \nthe Charlestown Branch of the Public Library (the City Hall when \nCharlestown was an independent city) are the parts in which the first \nsettlement was made in 1629. The '•'Great House\" of the governor, in \nwhich the Court of Assistants adopted the order giving Boston its name \nin 1630, stood on the west side of the square. The dwelling of the \nyoung minister, John Harvard, stood near the opening of Main Street, \nhis lot extending back over the slope of \" Town Hill.\" The \"spreading \noak\" beneath which the first church, which became the first church of \nBoston, was organized by Winthrop and his associates, was on the east- \nerly slope of this hill. The first \" palisadoed\" fort, set up in 1629 and \nlasting for more than half a century, was on its summit. The first bury- \ning ground, where it is supposed was the grave of John Harvard, all \ntraces of which long ago disappeared, was near its foot, toward the \nnorthern end of the square. \n\nThe present church on the hill, facing Harvard Street, is the lineal \ndescendant of the first meetinghouse of the Charlestown Church, organ- \nized in 1632. An earlier church, on the same spot, was from 1789 to \n1821 the pulpit of Rev. Jedidiah Morse, author of the first geography of \nthe United States, deserving of remembrance more especially as the \nfather of Samuel F. B. Morse, the inventor of the electric telegraph and \nnoted in art. When his distinguished son was bom, Mr. Morse was \nliving temporarily in the house of a parishioner, Thomas Edes, the par- \nsonage near the church being in building. This house is still standing, \nworn and dingy now, but preserved as the birthplace of Morse. We \nmay see it on Main Street, above the Thompson Square station, marked \nwith a tablet: \"Here was bom Samuel Finley Morse, 27 April 1791, \ninventor of the electric telegraph.\" The room was the front chamber \nof the second story on the right of the entrance door. This house was \nthe first dwelling erected after the burning of the town in the battle of \nBunker Hill. \n\nBunker Hill Monument is on Breed's Hill, where the battle was fought. \nMonument Avenue, from Main Street, leads to the principal entrance of \nthe monument grounds. In the main path we are confronted with the \nspirited statue of Colonel William Prescott in bronze, representing the \nAmerican commander repressing his impatient men, as the enemy \nadvances up the hill, with the warning words : \" Don't fire till I tell \nyou ! Don't fire till you see the whites of their eyes ! \" This statue is \nby William W. Story, and was erected by the Bunker Hill Monument \n\n\nBUNKER HILL MONUMENT \n\n\nAssociation in iSSi. It is inscribed simply with Prescott's name \nand the date, \"June 17, 1775.\" It stands on or close to the spot \nwhere Prescott stood at the opening of the battle when he gave the \nsignal to fire by waving his sword; but the statue faces in a different \ndirection. \n\nThe obelisk occupies the southeast corner of the American redoubt, \nand its sides are parallel with those of that structure, which was about \neight rods square. It is built in courses of granite, \nthe stone coming from a quarry in Quincy, whence \nit was carried to the shipping point by the first \nrailroad laid in the country. It is thirty feet square \nat the base and two hundred and twenty feet high. \nInside the shaft is a hollow cone, around which \nwinds a spiral flight of stone steps, by which \nascent is made to the top. Here is an observ- \natory, seventeen feet high and eleven feet in \ndiameter, with windows on each side. Before \nattempting the climb the visitor should consider \nthe task. The steps number nearly three hundred, \n— to be exact, two hundred and ninety-five. There \nis reward, however, for the exertion when the \nsummit is reached, in the magnificent view which \nit commands in every direction. \n\nThe stone lodge at the base of the obelisk con- \ntains an interesting museum of memorials of the \nbattle and a fine marble statue of General Joseph \nWarren by Henry Dexter (dedicated June 17, \n1857). The spot where Warren fell is marked by \na low stone in the ground. \n\nThe monument was begun in 1825, when the corner \nstone was formally laid by Lafayette, under the direction \nof the Massachusetts (Jrrincl Lodge of Masons, and I'.INKIH HIM. \n\nDaniel Webster delivered the oration. It remained Most MI \\ r \n\nunfinished for nearly twenty years. Then, in 1X40, \n\nlargely through the efforts of American women, the n-qnin-fl funds fur its \ncompletion were raised. In July, 1842, the last stone WHS hoist. 'd to its plan1, \none of the workmen riding upon it and waving an American Hag. Wlion it was \nfinally laid in cement the event was announced by a national salute. The- com- \npleted structure was dedicated on the I7th of June, 1X4^, when NVrbsti-r was \nagain the orator, and President Tyler with mcmlxTs of his cabinet was present. \nIn the great throng that gathered on this occasion were a f«-w survivors of the \nbattle. The sculptor Greenough devised the monument, and Solomon Willard \nwas the architect who superintended its construction. \n\n\n68 WEST END \n\nBunker Hill lies to the northward of Breed's Hill, toward Charles- \ntown Neck, where the Elevated line ends. Its summit, higher than \nBreed's Hill, is occupied by \" Charlestown Heights,\" overlooking the \nMystic River, one of the most attractive of the Boston City Parks \nSystem. On Walker Street, on this hill, a short street extending from \nMain up to Wall Street, is still standing the house where Thomas Ball, \nthe sculptor, was born. \n\n4. THE WEST END \n\nThe Wrest End (see Plate II) comprises that quarter of the city which \nlies north of the Common and between Beacon, Tremont, and Court \nstreets, Bowdoin Square, Green Street and so northwest to the Charles \nRiver, and Charles Street to Beacon Street at the foot of the Common. \nIt thus includes all of Beacon Hill. It is a fading quarter now, with a \nnumber of old Boston institutions, some mellow old streets, others in \nhopeless decay, and numerous landmarks, especially of literary Boston. \nIn its better parts it retains more distinctly than any other quarter of \nthe city the genuine Boston flavor. \n\nThe most interesting part is the Beacon Hill section. WTe have seen \nits southern boundary in the fine line of Beacon Street architecture \nopposite the Common from the State House to Charles Street. Let \nus enter it, therefore, above Beacon Street; — from the State House \nPark through the archway to Mt. Vernon Street. \n\nAlthough \" The Hill,\" as this was called in its proud days, par excel- \nlence, is not the oldest part of the WTest End, it has been from its \nupbuilding the choicest, and accordingly its associations are the richest. \nUp to the Revolution it was largely a region of fields and pastures. \nUntil near the opening of the nineteenth century there were but two \nhouses on the Beacon Street slope west of the Hancock mansion. The \ngreater part of the territory below the Hancock holdings was the domain \nof John Singleton Copley, the painter (after his fortunate marriage), from \nabout 1769 to 1795. T°e bounds of this \"farm,\" as Copley called it, \nalthough it was chiefly pasture land, are indicated generally by the \npresent Mt. Vernon and Pinckney streets on the north, W'alnut Street on \nthe east, the Common south, and the Charles River west. It included \nthe homestead lot of the first European settler, William Blaxton, — he \nwho was here before the Winthrop company, — with the \"excellent \nspring\" of which he \"acquainted\" the governor when he invited him \nhither. It was the acquisition of the Hancock pasture for the new \nState House, — the Bulfinch Front, — in 1795, that gave the impulse to \nthe development in this quarter. Then a \" syndicate \" purchased the \n\n\nHANCOCK, MT. VERNON, AND JOY STRKKTS 69 \n\nCopley estate at a bargain (Copley was at that time living in England), \nand in the course of a few years these now old streets appeared, built \nup substantially, in place of the Copley pastures and adjoining proper- \nties. A half-century after it was remarked that on \"the Copley estate \nlive, or have lived, a large proportion of those most distinguished among \nus for intellect and learning or for enterprise, wealth and public spirit.\" \n\nOn Mt. Vernon Street from the archway we are passing through what \nwere the Hancock gardens. Hancock Street, coming up the hillside at \nour right, is the oldest of the streets here. It originally ran by the side \nof the peak of Heacon Hill over to the Common. It was given the \ngovernor's name in i 788. Near its foot, on the east side, is the Sumner \nhouse (No. 20) in which Charles Sumner lived from 1830 to 1867. Along \nthe same side, extending from Derne Street nearly up to Mt. Yenum \nStreet, stood from 1849 to '$84 the Beacon Hill Reservoir, a massive \ngranite structure with lofty arches piercing its front walls, notable as \na superior piece of architecture. Its service as a distributing reservoir \nclosed some time before its removal, clearing the way for the State \nHouse Annex. \n\nJoy Street, the first to cross Mt. Yemon. is next to Hancock Street in \nage. It used to be Helknap Street, the principal way to the negro quar- \nters on the north slope of the hill. Midway in its descent to Cambridge \nStreet a dingy court opens. Smith by name, in which is a landmark of \nantislavery days. This is the brick meetinghouse erected for the first \nAfrican church (built in 1806), now a Jewish synagogue, which was used \nfor abolition meetings. It was after a meeting held here on the evening \nof December 3, 1860, commemorating the execution of John Hrosvn, that \nWendell 1'hillips was assisted to his home, then on Essex Street, by a \nvolunteer guard of forty young men with locked arms, pressed closely by \na threatening mob. At the fairer end of this street, near Heacon Street, \nis the Diocesan House (i Joy Street), the headquarters of the Protestant \nEpiscopal Church. Here are the offices of various church organi/a- \ntions, the parlors of the Episcopal Church Association, and the library. \nAbove (No. 3), is the house of the Twentieth Century Club, which con- \ncerns itself with many reforms, social, governmental, and philanthropic. \n\nAs we proceed along Mt. Vernon Street, which grows in old fashioned \nstateliness as it advances over the hill, we come upon a succession of \nhouses with an interesting past. No. .4(1. <>n tin north side, was long \nthe home of Lemuel Shaw, chief justice of the Massat husfits Supreme \nJudicial Court for thirty years (1830-1800). It*, iirar neighbor (N«>. 53). \nnow the house of the General Theological Library, w.i- once the dwelling \nof a merchant of distinction. The library whii h has succeeded it is \nan unsectarian institution established since i8f>o, for the purpo-.e of \n\n\n70 WEST KND \n\n\"promoting religious and theological learning,\" having a collection of \n21,000 volumes and some 5,000 pamphlets. \n\nIt is a special library of standard and current theological books, that term \nbeing used in its broad sense to cover works on sociology, philosophy, comparative \nreligions, and archaeological research. Its books are free to all New England \nclergymen; and beyond \"Greater Boston\" they are furnished through the local \npublic libraries. The Rev. George A. Jackson is the librarian. \n\nThe head of the stately row of houses beyond, set back thirty feet \nfrom the street (No. 57), was the town house of Charles Francis Adams, \nST., during the latter years of his life. The next one in this row (No. \n59), with its classic doorway, has an interesting present, it being the \nhome of Thomas Bailey Aldrich, associated with his ripest work. No. 65, \ntransformed into an apartment house, so, unhappily, breaking the sym- \nmetry of the row, was formerly the home of Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, \nwhere some of his most notable historical writing was done. No. 79 \nwas the home of Horace Gray during his long service on the Supreme \nbench of the State as justice and chief justice, before he was made a \njustice of the United States Supreme Court. The last house of the \nrow (No. 83) was the last Boston home of William Ellery Channing, \nwhose study here was the \" Mecca of all sorts and conditions of men.\" \n\nOn the opposite side of the street the ornate brownstone houses with \nlofty entrances, now the Theological School of Boston University, were \nhospitable mansions erected in the fifties of the last century by the \nbrothers John E. and Nathaniel Thayer, eminent merchants of their \ntime and benefactors of Harvard University. No. 76, just below, was \nthe home of Margaret Deland for a number of years, during the period \nmarked by her \" Philip and His Wife.\" No. 88, on the lower corner of \nlittle Willow Street (which connecting, nearly, with another little street \nacross Chestnut Street provides a \" short cut \" to the Common), was \nonce the home of Enoch Train, the projector of the line of fast clipper \nships to Liverpool, fine craft which came into successful competition \nwith the early ocean steamships. He was the father of Mrs. A. D. T. \nWhitney of Milton, the favorite writer of girls' stories. No.. 92 was the \nhome and studio of Anne Whitney during the years that she was model- \ning some of her most notable statues, — the Samuel Adams (see p. 15) \nand the Leif Ericson (see p. 79) among them. \n\nLouisburg Square, with its inclosed park of lofty trees and diminutive \nItalian marble statues of Aristides and Columbus at either end, sug- \ngestive of old London residential squares, connects Mt. Vernon with \nPinckney Street, the latter with an air of shabby gentility yet borne with \ndecorum. Blaxton's spring is believed to have been in the middle of \n\n\nP1NCKNEY STREET 71 \n\nthis square. The point is disputed by local historians, the populai \nlocation being in Spring Lane, north of the Old South Meetinghouse ; \nbut the evidence in support of the Louisburg Square situation is \naccepted as conclusive by most authorities. The matter, however, is \nnot of moment, for the town was full of springs when Blaxton \n\"solicited\" Winthrop hither. \n\nBlaxton's orchard spread back up the hill slope toward this square. His \nhomestead lot of six acres, reserved after his sale of the whole peninsula to the \ncolonists for thirty pounds, occupied the northwesterly slope of the hill, bounded \nsoutherly toward the Common and westerly on Charles River, the water's edge \nthen being at the present Charles Street. His cottage, with its rose garden, was \non the hill slope toward the Common, between the present Spruce and Charles \nstreets. He moored his boat on the river, presumably at a point which jutted out \nfrom the bluff in which the hill ended, on the Charles Street side. \n\nAt 10 Louisburg Square was the last Boston home of Louisa M. \n-•Alcott, where her remarkable father, A. Bronson Alcott, died (1888) in \nhis eighty ninth year; her own death following the day of his funeral. \nNo. 4 was the home of William D. Howells in the late seventies, when he \nwas a Bostonian editing the Atlantic. No. 20 is interesting as the house \nwhere Jenny Lind was married in 1852. \n\nOn the upper corner of the square and I'inckney Street are the main \nhouse and the chapel of the Sisterhood of St. Margaret, Protestant \nEpiscopal, where is St. Margaret's Hospital, one of the most worthy \ninstitutions of the city. The infirmaries occupy two additional houses \non this square and a neighboring one on Mt. Vernon Street. \n\nFinckncy Street extends from Joy Street to the river, with but two \nstreets crossing it. At the upper end was for forty years the home of \nEdwin P. Whipple, the essayist, the plain brick house. No. n. Lower \ndown, on the opposite side, the house No. 20 was the home of the \nAlcott family in the fifties of the last century, the scene of Louisa M. \nAlcott's early struggle in authorship mingled with domestic occupations. \nAt No. 54, nearly opposite the opening of Anderson Street, was the \nearly home of George S. Hillard, lawyer, editor, critic, and essayist, remem- \nbered especially through his \" Hillard's Readers\" of the mid-fifties. \nFrom this house Hawthorne in 1X42 wrote his little note to the Rev. \nJames Freeman Clarke requesting \"the greatest favor which I can \nreceive from any man,\"- the performance of the ceremony of his \nmarriage to Sophia I'eabody. Hillard lived for a much longer period \nat No. 62. On the lower slope of the street, below the square, at \nNo. 84, was the first Boston home of Aldrich after his marriage, where \nl.on^fellmv got the inspiration for \" The Hanging of the Crane.\" The \n\"Story of a had Hoy\" issued from this house. \n\n\n72 WEST END \n\nOn Mt. Vernon Street again we may see just below West Cedar \nStreet the first home of Margaret Deland in this quarter, — No. 112, — \nwhere some of her earlier books were written ; and nearly opposite, \nat No. 99, the home of John C. Ropes, in his day the authority on \nNapoleonic literature. \n\nBy West Cedar Street we cross to Chestnut Street, possessing in its \nentirety, perhaps, more of the old Boston flavor than the other streets \nof \"The Hill.\" In the short block of West Cedar Street through \nwhich we pass, note should be taken on one side of the town house \nof Percival Lowell (No. n), the astronomer and producer of notable \nbooks ; on the other side the house of Henry C. Merwin (No. 3), the \nessayist and literary authority on the American horse; and, at No. i, \nthe home of the Harvard Musical Association, organized in 1837 \"to \npromote the progress and knowledge of the best music,\" and from its \nestablishment a leading factor in the development of musical culture \nin Boston. \n\nUp Chestnut Street on one side and down on the other we shall \npass a series of historic houses. No. 50, on the south side, was the \ntown house of Francis Parkman, from 1864 until his death (1893) identi- \nfied with the most of his historical work in the preparation of his \n\" France and England in North America.\" No. 43, nearly opposite, \nwas for upwards of forty years the town house of Richard H. Dana, Sr. , \nthe poet; here he died (1896) at ninety-one. A little way above, the \nhouse presenting a side bay to the street (No. 29) was the sometime home \nof Edwin Booth, the actor. Higher up the street a group of three houses \n(Nos. 17, 15, and 13) arrest attention as examples of the best type of \nearly nineteenth-century domestic architecture. The first was the long- \ntime home of Cyrus A. Bartol, the \"poet preacher\" and essayist ; the sec- \nond is the ancestral home of Dr. B. Joy Jeffries ; the third was for some \nyears the home of Rev. John T. Sargent, the meeting place of the Radical \nClub, renowned in its day, which came after the Transcendental Club of \nwider fame. Mrs. Julia Ward Howe also lived some years in this house. \n\nOn Walnut Street, where Chestnut Street ends, — or, more properly, \nbegins, — was the historian Motley's boyhood home, in a pleasant house \n\" looking down Chestnut Street,\" now replaced by a more modern \ndwelling. At 8 Walnut Street was Parkman's earlier house, from which \nhe removed to 50 Chestnut Street. \n\nReturning now to the foot of the hill and taking Charles Street north- \nward (once beautified by handsome trees, now all gone save one or two \nworn remnants), we may pass the Charles Street houses once the homes \nof Dr. Holmes, James T. Fields, and T. B. Aldrich (Nos. 164, 148, and 131, \nrespectively). On the way we should notice at the foot of Mt. Vernon \n\n\nCHARLESBANK \n\n\n73 \n\n\nStreet toward the river the Church of the Advent (Protestant Episcopal), \na picturesque structure in the early English style of architecture, with \nstone tower and steeple. In the tower is a chime of bells. The church \norganization dates from 1844. \n\nThe old literary homes of Charles Street are near together toward \nCambridge Street. \n\nHolmes' s life at No. 164 was between 1859 and 1871, covering the period of \nhis \" Professor at the Breakfast Table,'' \" Elsie Yenner,\" and \" The (iuardian \nAngel,\" his war poems and most noteworthy verses of occasion. Aldrich moved \ninto No. 131 from the Pinckney Street house the year that Holmes moved from \nthe street to 296 Beacon Street. He remained here for about ten years and \nthen moved to the Mt. \nVernon Street house. \nThis Charles Street \nhouse is identified with \nhis \" Marjorie Daw,\" \n\" Prudence Palfrey,\" \n\" The Queen of Sheba,\" \nand \"The Stillwater \nTragedy,\" and the \nbeginning of his editor- \nship of the Atlantic \nMonthly. Fields was \nthe earliest of the three \nto come to Charles \nStreet, and this re- \nmnincd his home until \nhis death (1881). It is \nstill maintained as the \ntown home of Mrs. \n\nAnnie Fields and Sarah Orne Jcivctt. The library is one of the richest in \nauthors' manuscripts. The complete manuscript of \"The Scarlet Letter\" \nis here. \n\nAcross Cambridge Street is the Charlesbank, the pleasant park \\\\ith \ntrees and shrubs and shaded seats, along the riverfront of Charles Street, \nbetween the West Boston and Craigie bridges. It is especially designed \nfor the poorer classes living in the neighborhood. Here are gymnasiums \nfor both sexes, and playgrounds and sand courts for children. It is a \npart of the City Public Parks System. \n\nThe successive institutions on the opposite side of the street are \nthe County Jail, generally called the Charles Street Jail, the Massachu- \nsetts Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary (incorporated iS.';), and tin- \nMassachusetts General Hospital (incorporated iSii). The latter fronts \non Blossom Street, and embraces a group of noble buildings. The \n\n\n74 BACK BAY \n\noldest, or central building, with porticoes of Ionic columns and shapely \ndome, was designed by Bulfinch. In the old operating room the first \nsuccessful operation upon a patient under the influence of ether was \nperformed in October, 1846, by Dr. W. T. G. Morton. This event is \ncommemorated by the Ether Monument, so called, in the Public Garden. \nAt Dr. Morton's grave in Mt. Auburn, Cambridge, is also a monu- \nment. On North Grove Street, at one side of the hospital, is the first \nHarvard Medical School building (now occupied by the Dental School), \nthe scene of the Park-man murder in 1849, — tne killing of Dr. George \nParkman by Professor John W. Webster. Both were men of good \nsocial and professional standing, and the trial was one of the most \ncelebrated in Boston. Webster was executed the following year. \n\nThe only other object of interest in this older part of the West End \nis the West Church, at the comer of Cambridge and Lynde streets, now \nthe West End Branch of the Public Library. The building dates from \n1806. Its predecessor was used for barracks during the Siege, and the \nsteeple was taken down because it had been used in making signals to \nthe Continental camp at Cambridge. The present building was long \nthe pulpit of Charles Lowell, the father of James Russell Lowell, and \nCyrus A. Bartol. \n\n5. THE BACK BAY \n\nThe Public Garden below the Common, between Beacon, Charles, \nBoylston, and Arlington streets, is the gateway to the Back Bay District \n(see Plates I and II), the modern \"court end\" of Boston. Common- \nwealth Avenue is its principal boulevard. Boylston Street to Copley \nSquare, and Huntington Avenue beyond, are its southern bounds; \nBeacon Street and Charles River its northern bounds. Copley Square \nis its central point. Massachusetts Avenue is its great western cross \nthoroughfare. To this avenue the streets of the quarter — with the \nexception of Huntington Avenue, which begins at Copley Square — \nrun parallel to or at right angles with Beacon Street on the Charles \nRiver side. The cross streets, beginning with Arlington Street, are \nnamed in alphabetical order, a trisyllable alternating with a disyllabic \nword. Broad thoroughfares and imposing architecture characterize this \nquarter. The streets north of Boylston Street between Arlington \nStreet and Massachusetts Avenue are free from car tracks. Common- \nwealth Avenue, with its tree-lined parkway, broken here and there by \nstatues, is two hundred feet wide, or two hundred and twenty feet from \nhouse to house, between Arlington Street and Massachusetts Avenue. \nIt extends beyond the original limits of the quarter, through the \n\n\nBACK BAY \n\n\n75 \n\n\nBrighton District to the western boundary of the city at the Newton \nline. Huntington Avenue, with a middle green occupied by street-car \ntracks, is one hundred feet in width, or one hundred and twenty feet \nfrom house to house. It extends to the Brookline line. Massachu- \nsetts Avenue comes into the quarter from the Dorchester District, \nwhere it begins at Edward Everett Square (so named from the birth- \nplace of Edward Everett, which stood at this point) and, crossing Har- \nvard Bridge, continues through Cambridge, Arlington, and Lexington. \nAll the territory of this district is \" made land \" in place of the bay \nwhose name it takes, a beautiful sheet of water making up from Charles \nRiver, which at flood time spread out from the present Charles Street \nby the Common to the '; Neck \" (the narrow stem of the original penin- \n\n\nHAKVAR \n\n\nsula) and Koxbury, and toward the hills of Brookline. The Public \nGarden was the \" Round Marsh,\" or \" the marsh at the bottom of the \nCommon.\" \n\nThe filling of the bay was planned in 1852 by a State commission, the Com- \nmonwealth having the right to the Hats below the line of riparian ownership. At \nthat time the bay was a great bisin made by dams thrown across it for the utili- \nzation of its water power by mills on its borders. These dams were also used \nas causeways for communication between Boston and Koxbury and the western \nsuburbs. They were the \" Mill Ham,\" now included in lower Beacon Street ; the \n\" Cross Dam,\" extending from the Koxbury side to the Mill I >am : and the cause- \nway, corresponding in part with the present Brookline Avenue (earlier the I'unch \nBowl Koad). which extends from the junction of Beacon Street and Common- \nwealth Avenue southwest to the Brookline line. The tilling was practically \nbegun in 1857 and finished in 1886. It was done by the Commonwealth and the \nBoston Water Power Company. The Commonwealth owned 108.4.4 acres of the \nterritory. On its sales of the land remaining after large gifts to institutions, \nand reservations for the city of Boston, and for streets and passageways, it made \na net profit of upward of four million dollars. The avails of the sale wen- applied \nto educational purposes and to the endowment of several of the sinking funds of \nthe State. \n\n\n76 \n\n\nPUBLIC GARDEN \n\n\nThe Public Garden is the gem of the city parks, essentially a flower \ngarden, with rich verdure, a dainty foil to the plainer Common. The \n\n\nBRIDGE, PUBLIC GARDEN \n\nartificial pond in the middle of the inclosure is so irregularly shaped as \nto appear extensive, although its actual area is only three and three \nquarters acres. The iron bridge which carries the main path over the \npond has been endowed by the local wits with the title of the \" Bridge \n\nof Size,\" from its ponderous piers. \nThe statues and monuments here \nare : \n\nOn the Beacon Street side: \nStatue of Edward Everett, of \nbronze, by William \\V. Story. \nErected in 1867. The cost met \nby a popular subscription. The \nEther Alonnment, commemorating \nthe discovery of anaesthetics, of \ngranite and red marble, by J. Q. A. \nWard. Erected in 1868. The \nideal figures surmounting the shaft \nillustrate the story of the Good \nSamaritan ; the marble bas-reliefs \nrepresent (i) a surgical operation \nin a civic hospital, the patient being \nunder the influence of ether, (2) the \nangel of mercy descending to re- \nlieve suffering humanity, (3) the \n\nCH AXNING STATIK interior of a field hospital, showing \n\na wounded soldier in the hands \n\nof the surgeon, (4) an allegory of the triumph of science. This monu- \nment was a gift to the city by Thomas Lee, \n\n\nPUBLIC GARDEN \n\n\n77 \n\n\nENTRANCE TO SUBWAY, Prm.ic GARDEN \n\n\nOn the Boylston Street side : Statue of Charles Sunnier, of bronze, \n\nby Thomas Ball. Erected in 1878. This was provided for by popular \n\nsubscription. Statue of \n\nColonel Thomas Cass \n\n(commander of the Ninth \n\nRegiment, Massachusetts \n\nVolunteers, in the Civil \n\nWar; killed at Malvern \n\nHill, Va., July i, 1862), of \n\nbronze, by Richard E. \n\nBrooks. Erected in 1889. \n\nA gift to the city by the \n\nSociety of the Ninth \n\nRegiment. \n\nOn the Arlington Street \n\nside : Statue of IVilliam \n\nKllery Channing (facing \n\nthe Arlington Street Church on the opposite side of the street, \n\nthe successor of the Federal Street Church, which was the pulpit of \n\nChanning), of bronze, by Herbert Adams. The carved canopy, of gran- \nite and marble, designed by Vincent \nC. Griffith, architect. Erected in 1903. \nA gift to the city by John Foster. \nOn the marble columns of the can- \nopy and on the marble stone at the \nback of the monument are inscriptions. \nThe equestrian statue of Washington \n(in the main path, facing the Arlington \nStreet gate), of bron/e, by Thomas \nBall. Erected in 1869. 1'rovided for \nby popular subscription. The marble \nVenus in the fountain near by was the \nfirst work of art placed in the Garden. \nThe Arlington Street Church (t'ni \ntarian). which dignities the corner of \nArlington and ISoylMon streets, was \nthe first church built in this quarter \n(1800-1861). Its exterior tic-sign is \nbroadly after old London NVren \nchurches. The steeple was the tirst in \n\nBoston to be constructed entirely of stone. In its tower i> a chirm- of \n\nsixteen bells. The church organization dates from 1727. \n\n\nWASHINGTON STATI'K, \nI'rm.ic KN \n\n\n78 COMMONWEALTH AVENUE \n\nOn the corner of Arlington Street and Newbury Street (the next street \nnorth opening from Arlington Street) is the house of the New Church \nUnion, the headquarters of the New Jerusalem Church. Here are \nestablished the New Church libraries and the business departments of \nthe Union, which is the business and financial representative of the \nMassachusetts Association of the New Jerusalem Church. \n\nNext to this building, on Newbury Street (No. 2), is the house of the \nSt. Botolph Club, the representative literary and professional club of \nthe city, taking its name from St. Botolph in old Boston, England \n(organized in 1880; Francis Parkman, the historian, the first president). \nIt possesses a silver-gilt \" loving cup \" which formerly belonged to the \ncorporation of the English Boston. In its art gallery exhibitions of new \nwork by artists are given during the winter season. The picturesque \nchurch nearly opposite the St. Botolph is Emmanuel Church (Protestant \nEpiscopal). It is built of the local Roxbury conglomerate stone. The \nchurch organization dates from 1860, and this edifice was erected two \nyears later. \n\nCommonwealth Avenue opens from the middle of Arlington Street, \nits parkway being directly opposite the main path of the Public Garden, \nwhich terminates at the Arlington Street gate. A lovely vista opens \nthrough the long park of beautiful trees. The succession of statues \ndown the long walk are : \n\nAlexander Hamilton, of granite, by Dr. William Rimmer. Erected \nin 1865. A gift to the city by Thomas Lee, the same who gave the \nEther Monument in the Public Garden. This was the first statue \nin the country to be cut from granite. The inscription characterizes \nHamilton as \"orator, writer, soldier, jurist, financier. Although his \nparticular province was the treasury, his genius pervaded the whole \nadministration of Washington.\" \n\nGeneral John Glover of Marblehead, \"a soldier of the Revolution,\" \nof bronze, by Martin Milmore. Erected in 1875. A gift to the \ncity by Benjamin T. Read. The inscription details the conspicuous \nfeatures of Glover's military service with his marine regiment of Mar- \nblehead men, notably his leadership in transporting the army across \nthe river from Brooklyn to New York and across the Delaware in \n1776. \n\nWilliam Lloyd Garrison, a sitting figure, of bronze, by Olin L. \nWarner. Erected in 1886. The fund for this statue was raised by \npopular subscription. Beneath the chair in which the figure is seated \nlies a representation of a volume of the Liberator. The inscriptions \nare quotations of the motto of the Liberator: \"Our Country is the \nWrorld — Our Countrymen are Mankind\"; and the declaration in \n\n\nCOMMONWEALTH AVKNUK \n\n\n( Garrison's salutatory in his paper : \" I am in earnest — I will not equivo- \ncate— I will not excuse — I will not retreat a single inch — and I will \nbe heard.\" \n\nLeif Ericso n, the Norse discoverer, of the year 1000; an ideal figure, \nof bronze, by Anne Whitney. Erected in 1886. The pedestal dis- \nplays reliefs, one representing a Norse scene, — a banqueting hall, with \nLeif returned from his voyages relating his discoveries ; the other \nthe Norse landing on American shores. This statue is across Massa- \nchusetts Avenue where the parkway ends. \n\nOn Berkeley Street, at the comer of Marlborough Street, a block \nnorth of Commonwealth Avenue, is the beautiful stone edifice, with \ncorner tower and steeple, of the First \nChurch of Boston (Unitarian), fifth in \nsuccession from the rude little fabric of \n1632011 the present State Street (see p. ^). \nIt was erected in 1868, succeeding the \nmeetinghouse which stood on Chauncy \n1'lace (now Street), off Summer Street, \nin the business quarter, for sixty years. \nThe Rev. William Emerson, father of \nRalph Waldo Emerson, was the minister \nof the church (his service being from \n1791 to 1811) when that meetinghouse \nwas built in 1808. \n\nOn Berkeley Street, at the corner of \nMarlborough Street, south of the avenue, \nis the Gothic Central Church (Congre- \ngational Trinitarian), built in 1867. Like \nthe First Church this is constructed of \n\nthe Roxbury rubble, with sandstone trim- I,KII' KKH-M>N STAUK \n\nmings. Its fine spire, two hundred and \n\nthirty-six feet high, is the tallest in the city. This church (erected \nin 1867) is the successor of the first meetinghouse of the society, \nwhich stood on Winter Street, in the heart of the \"down-town\" shop- \nping quarter, from 1841 to 1865. \n\nThe only church on Commonwealth AT<-HH<- is tin- notable structure \nwith its Florentine tower, at the western corner of Clarendon Street. \nThis is the First Baptist Church, descendant of the pioneer Haptist meet- \ninghouse at the North End which the then proscribed sect built in 1679, \nand which not long after was nailed up by the court officers (see p. 57). \nThis edifice was originally erected (in 187^) by the Urattli- Square \nChurch organi/ation (Unitarian), to succeed the historic meetinghouse \n\n\n8o COPLEY SQUARE AND ITS SURROUNDINGS \n\nin Brattle Square (see p. 1 7). It was purchased by the Baptists after \nthe dissolution of the Unitarian society and the sale of the church \nproperty by auction. The massive square stone tower, rising one hun- \ndred and seventy-six feet, with frieze of colossal bas-reliefs, gives this \nstructure an especial distinction in the Back Bay architecture. The \nsculptured figures on the four sides of the frieze represent the four \nChristian eras, — baptism, communion, marriage, and death ; the statues \nat the angles typify the angels of the judgment blowing golden trum- \npets. These figures were cut by Italian sculptors from designs by \nBartholdi after the stones had been set in place. \n\nThe lower south corner of the avenue and Dartmouth Street is \nimpressively marked by the great marble hotel, the Vendome. Farther \ndown, on the north side, below Exeter Street, is the Algonquin Club- \nhouse, a light stone building of striking fa£ade, sumptuously designed \nand arranged for the club's uses. The Algonquin (organized in 1885) \nis the representative business club of the city, composed largely of \nactive men of affairs. In near neighborhood — on Beacon Street, \nnearly opposite the head of Exeter Street — is the University Club- \nhouse. It is a rich dwelling refashioned for club uses. It is especially \nfavored by position with an outlook at the rear over the river. This \nclub (organized in 1892), composed of college graduates resident in \nBoston and vicinity, is one of the largest of its class in the country. \n\nBelow Exeter Street, also on the favored water side of Beacon Street, \nis the Holmes house (No. 296), the last town house of Dr. Holmes, iden- \ntified with the mellow productions of his latter years and old age, — as \n\" The Poet at the Breakfast Table,\" \" Over the Teacups,\" the grave \nand gay poems, \"The Iron Gate,\" and \"The Broomstick Train\" on \nthe advent of the trolley car. Farther down, at No. 392, is the home \nof James Ford Rhodes, the historian of the United States \"from the \ncompromise of 1850.\" Above Exeter Street, on the south side of \nBeacon Street (No. 241), is the latter-day home of Julia Ward Howe. \n\nCopley Square and its Surroundings. Copley Square is at the junction \nof Boylston Street, Huntington Avenue, Trinity Place, St. James Ave- \nnue, and Dartmouth Street. The cross streets, Berkeley and Clarendon, \nare near its eastern boundary ; the thoroughfare of Dartmouth Street \nmakes its western bound. About the square and in its immediate neigh- \nborhood are grouped some of the most important institutions of the \ncity, with noble buildings, beautiful churches, and attractive hotels. \nBounding the square are : the Public Library, occupying the entire \nwest side; the Museum of Fine Arts, the Westminster Chambers, and \nTrinity Church on the south side ; the Second Church and the Girls'1 \nLatin School on the north side ; and the New South Church marking \n\n\nPUBLIC LIBRARY \n\n\n8l \n\n\nthe northwest corner. On Boylston Street east of the square, begin- \nning at Berkeley. Street, are : on the north side, the Natural History \nMuseum and the main buildings of the Massachusetts Institute of Tech- \nnology; on the south side, the Young Men's Christian Association build- \ning and the Hotel Brunswick. On Boylston Street west of the square \nis the old Harvard Medical School, next the Public Library and extend- \ning to Exeter Street. On the lower corner of Exeter Street is the Hotel \nLenox. Nearly opposite, on Exeter Street, is the Athletic Clubhouse, \none of the largest of its class in the country. On Dartmouth Street, \nnorth, next beyond the New Old South Church, is the Boston Art Chtb- \nhouse, with entrance on Newbury Street. Opposite the clubhouse, on \n\n\nCOI-LKY SQUARI; AND VICINITY \n\nDartmouth Street, is the Hotel Victoria. On Huntington Avenue, just \noutside the square, are the Hotel Nottingham, the Hotel Oxford, and the \nCopley Square Hotel. A short walk below, on Huntington Avenue, is \nthe great building of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, \nwith its fine halls. From the square Trinity Place leads directly to the \nTrinity Place station of the New York Central Railroad for outbound \ntrains, and Dartmouth Street leads to the Hack /fay station of the New \nYork, New Haven & Hartford Railroad. From Huntington Avenue, at \nthe corner of Irvington Street, a block below the square, is the passage \nto the Huntington Avenue station of the New York Central for inward- \nbound trains. \n\nThe Public Library building is one of the notable architectural monu- \nments of its day. It is built of granite of a peculiar pinkish white color, \n\n\nPUBLIC LfBRARY \n\n\nthe facade classic in design. Its dimensions are two hundred and \ntwenty-five feet long by two hundred and twenty-seven deep, and its \nheight from the sidewalk to the top of the cornice is seventy feet. It \nis quadrangular in shape, surrounding a court, and covers with its broad \nentrance platform, exclusive of the court, an acre and a half of ground. \nThe elegance of its proportions and the purity of its style are remarked \nas the chief architectural merits of the work. The main entrance is \ntopped with a round arch, over which appears a medallion of the seal \nof the library by Augustus St. Gaudens. Sculptures by St. Gaudens \nare ultimately to be placed on the stone blocks at either end of the \n\nplatform by the entrance \ndoors. The vestibule, \nthe entrance hall with \nhigh vaulted ceiling, and \nthe noble marble stair- \ncase rising beyond are \nimpressive features of \nthe first floor. In the ves- \ntibule is the bronze statue \nof Sir Harry Vane, by \nFrederick MacMonnies. \nThe artistically embel- \nlished bronze doors, ad- \nmitting to the entrance \n\nhall, were designed by Daniel C. French. In the ceiling of this hall \nare wrought names of men identified with Boston, eminent in letters, \nart, science, law, and public work. The great marble lions on either \nside of the first landing of the staircase are by Louis St. Gaudens. \nThey were memorial gifts of the Second and Twentieth Regiments, \nMassachusetts Volunteers, in the Civil War. The decorations on the \nwalls of the stairway and the corridor above are by Puvis de Chavannes. \nThey represent, in separate panels, Philosophy, Astronomy, History, \nChemistry, Physics, Pastoral Poetry, Dramatic Poetry, Epic Poetry, \nand finally, in one symbolic composition, \"The Muses welcoming the \nGenius of Enlightenment.\" The decorations of the Delivery Room, \nwhich opens from this corridor, are by Edwin A. Abbey, and illustrate \nthe legend of the Holy Grail. The walls of the corridor of the upper \nfloor, familiarly known as the \" Sargent Hall,\" have in part the decora- \ntions by John S. Sargent which in their completed form will represent \nthe triumph of religion. Only the panels of the east and west walls have \nyet been finished. The subject of the first of these is the confused \nstruggle in the Jewish nation between monotheism and polytheism. \n\n\nPUBLIC LIBRARY \n\n\nPUBLIC LIBRARY \n\n\nThat of the second is the dogma of the Redemption. The ceiling of \nthe second Children's Room, on the principal floor, carries a painting \nby John Elliott representing the \" Triumph of Time \" ; twelve female \nfigures symbolize the hours, and one male figure, Time. The Christian \ncenturies are typified by twenty horses arranged in rows of four each. \nThis decoration was given to the Library by citizens of Boston. The \ndecorations of the lobby leading to the Children's Room from the main \ncorridor are by Joseph Lindon Smith, and were given by Arthur A. \nCarey, a citizen of Boston. The lobby at the opposite end of the \ncorridor leading to the Delivery Room was decorated by Elmer E. \nGarnsey. Besides its mural decora- \ntions the Library is rich in memorial \nbusts and other art objects. \n\nThe principal reading room, known \nas Bates Hail (in honor of Joshua \nBates, who gave the Library at its \nbeginning, in 1852, a fund of fifty \nthousand dollars, besides an equiva- \nlent amount in books), is in its dimen- \nsions and architectural features the \nmost important apartment in the build- \ning. It is two hundred and eighteen \nfeet long, forty-two and one half feet \nwide, and fifty feet high to the crown \nof the arches. The barrel-arched ceil- \ning is deeply paneled and ornamented \n\nwith rosettes. In this hall are collec- RATFS HAM ,,, >u) L|BRARV \ntions of reference books and works in \n\ngeneral literature, accessible to the public on open shelves. Readers are \nalso served at the tables by runners, who bring from the stacks such vol- \numes as are requested for hall use. The Children's Rooms on this floor \nare entirely devoted to the needs of young readers. Special attendants \naid the children in the selection of books, and instruct them in the use \nof the library. Nine thousand volumes are placed on open shelves \nhere, mainly the better class of \"juveniles,\" boys' and girls' fiction, and \nbooks of travel and adventure written for the young. I .urge tables are \nprovided at which the children may read by themselves. The Children's \nReference Room is a study mom, and is equipped with books intended \nto be used by young students. Children come here to write composi- \ntions, to look up topics connected with their school work, and to pre- \npare their daily lessons. A collection of the text books used in the \nBoston public schools is an important feature of this room, and the \n\n\n84 PUBLIC LIBRARY \n\nbooks contained in it are alike helpful to those who have left school \nand to teachers from other places. General and special reference books \nare also shelved here, duplicating in some cases those kept in Bates \nHall for older readers ; and there is a section of books on pedagogy \nand kindergarten methods for teachers. \n\nIn connection with the work for children, the schools included among the \nagencies of the Library (sixty-six public and six parochial schools) must be \nmentioned. These are supplied with books either for topical reference or mis- \ncellaneous reading, which are usually delivered by the Library wagon and may \nbe changed frequently. Each set of books is made up for the occasion, and the \nteachers' selection is followed as far as possible. The total number of volumes \nsent to the schools from the Central Library in 1906 was 28,044. Each large \nbranch library, also, regularly supplies certain neighboring schools. Applica- \ntions for Library cards are taken by Library employees in all the schools \nonce a year. \n\nOn the floor below are the Patent Room, with the best collection of \npublications relating to patents to be found in the country, except that \nat Washington; the Periodical Room, with a complete file of current \nperiodicals and magazines; and the Arewspaper Room, in which over \nthree hundred newspapers from all parts of the world are regularly \nreceived and placed on the reading files. The Department of Docu- \nments and Statistics is in the rear part of the building, approached \nthrough the arcade, across the courtyard from the main-entrance cor- \nridor. It contains a large and constantly increasing collection of sta- \ntistical works, official publications, and books relating to economic \nsubjects; also many rare and valuable historical manuscripts and \nbroadsides. \n\nOn the third floor are the Special Libraries, comprising the Fine Arts \nDepartment, the Allen A. Brown Library of Music, and the Barton, Bar- \nlow, Prince, Lewis, Boioditch, and Ticknor collections. The collections \nshelved on this floor are mainly intended for reference, and ample accom- \nmodation is provided for the use of students and for research work. \nThe Brown Library contains more than eight thousand volumes relating \nto music ; the Barton Collection (fourteen thousand volumes) is espe- \ncially rich in Shakespeariana, unequaled in the world, outside of two or \nthree great English libraries; and the Ticknor Library includes nearly \nseven thousand volumes of Spanish literature. These and the other \ncollections designated by the names of the donors were presented to \nthe Library. All of them contain many rare and exceedingly valuable \nbooks. The Fine Arts Department contains, besides a carefully selected \ncollection of books relating to architecture, painting, and the allied arts, \nmore than fifteen thousand photographs from all over the world, besides \n\n\nMUSEUM OF FINE ARTS 85 \n\nsix thousand process pictures for the use of schools. Exhibitions are \nheld regularly in a room especially devoted to this purpose, and collec- \ntions of prints are sent to the schools and to the branch libraries and \ndeposit stations. \n\nOn the north side of the building, opening from Hoylston Street, a \nlarge Lecture Hall is provided, in which lectures on educational or \nliterary subjects are given during the winter season. \n\nThe Boston Public Library system consists of the Central Library (this Copley \nSquare building), ten Branch Libraries, in different parts of the city, each having \npermanent collections of books, twenty-two delivery stations (of which fourteen \nare reading rooms, and eight service stations and shop stations). Regular \ndeposits of books are placed in seventy-two schools, thirty-six fire stations, \nand in sixteen other deposit stations. In all, therefore, there are one hundred \nand fifty-seven agencies for supplying books to the public. Regular daily \nwagon-delivery service is maintained between the Central Library and the \noutlying agencies. The administration of the Library is controlled by a board \nof five trustees appointed by the mayor, a librarian and assistant librarian, and, \nincluding chiefs of departments, a staff of two hundred and ninety employees for \nthe regular service, and ninety-four for the Sunday and evening service. The \nCentral Library is open daily from 9 A.M. to 10 P.M. (on Sunday from 2 P.M.) \nin the winter, closing one hour earlier in the summer, and the hours at the \nbranches approximate this schedule, with some variation during the period from \nJune to September. \n\nThe Library comprises a collection of nearly nine hundred thousand volumes. \nAbout thirty thousand are annually added. It is a circulating library free to \nevery resident of Boston, and the use of the books within the Library is open to \nall, whether resident of the city or not. It is not only the largest circulating and \nreference library in the I'nited States, but it undertakes a greater variety of \nservice than is rendered by the noted libraries of the world. By means of an \ninterlibrary loan system it is serving scholarship throughout the country, its \nrecorded applications for books showing a wide range of towns and cities and \neducational institutions. The annual circulation for home use approximates \none million five hundred thousand volumes, including the circulation from the \nbranches. Besides this there is an extensive use of books in the Library itself \nof which no statistical record is kept. \n\nThe Library maintains its own printing department and binck-ry. It issues a \nMonthly Bulletin of new accessions, and from time to time special bibliographies \nand other publications of importance. The annual appropriation made by t he- \ncity for the maintenance of the institution is about 5;oo.ooo. It also enjoys \nthe income from about 5^85.000 of invested trust funds. Horace (i.AVadlin is \nthe present librarian. The architects of the Central Library were McKim. Mead \n& White. Its total cost, including the land, was £2,500,000. It was opened to \nthe public in 1X95. \n\nThe Museum of Fine Arts (incorporated iSjo. opened 1876), built \nof brick with terra cotta ornament, is in interesting contrast with the \n\n\n86 \n\n\nMUSEUM OF FINE ARTS \n\n\nPublic Library. It forms a square about a central court. The insti- \ntution ranks with the more important art museums of the world. \nAmong the objects in the entrance hall are works of earlier American \nsculptors and two good paintings by Boucher. The four rooms on the \nleft of the entrance contain a collection of objects of classical art, \none of the most considerable now existing. The first room, devoted \nto sculpture, has in the center the portrait head of a Roman ; on the \nleft, youthful Hermes ; on the opposite wall, Torso of a Goddess. \n(A colossal Cybele and a Torso of Aphrodite are in the southern cor- \nridor.) The room beyond is devoted to the Francis Bartlett collection, \nthe largest gift of works of art ever received by the Museum, including \n\na head of Aphrodite \nof delicate beauty, the \ntorso of a mounted \nAmazon, a superb early \nGreek bronze basin, \nand other marbles, \nvases, and bronzes. The \nroom on the court con- \ntains terra cottas, \nmolds for making pot- \ntery (ist century B.C.) \n\n\nMUSEUM OF FINE ARTS \n\n\nfrom Arezzo, and an- \ncient glass. The two \nwell-carved limestone sarcophagi are Etruscan (3d century B.C. and \nlater). The case at the end of the room, devoted to modern forgeries, \nwell repays study. In the room beyond are objects of metal, — coins, \njewelry, and gems, — including a bronze bust of Arsinoe(?) and the \nfamous Marlborough cameo. The collection of vases in the hall entered \nfrom the southern corridor to the left is one of the fullest in the world. \nThe rooms on the court to the right of the entrance hall are devoted to \nEgyptian art, including the valuable collection of mummies, stelae, jars, \namulets, scarabs, etc., given by C. Granville Way in 1872. Beyond are \narchitectural fragments and other objects. Many of the recent acquisi- \ntions in this department are stored for lack of exhibition space. The \nfirst door on the right of the entrance hall leads to the collection of \ncasts, beginning with Egypt and continuing in chronological sequence \nthrough the art of Greece and Rome. The room entered from the hall \nof Greek vases contains casts of sculpture of the Italian Renaissance. \nMany casts of the later classical and Renaissance periods are now stored. \nOn the second floor, in the stairway hall, are tapestries and exam- \nples of modern sculpture, among them \" Ceres\" and \"The Flight of \n\n\nMUSEUM OF FINE ARTS 86A \n\nLove,\" by Rodin. Opening to the right from the stairway are the gal- \nleries of pictures ; those of the prints and water colors are in the \nadjoining rooms on the court. The first gallery contains on the left \nspecimens of Van Dyck, Rembrandt, \" Danae and the Shower of Gold \" \n(signed and dated 1652), \"An Old Man\"; Frans Hals, Teniers the \nyounger, and De Hoogh : at the end, Van der Weyden, \" St. Luke \ndrawing the Portrait of the Madonna\"; Crivelli, \" I'ieta \" (signed and \ndated 1485); \\Vohlgemuth, \" Death of the Virgin\": on the right-hand \nwall, Paul Veronese, \"Justice,\" and Valasquez, \"Don Baltasar Carlos \nand his Dwarf.\" The Allston Room contains examples of the early \nAmerican painters, including the well-known Athenaeum heads of \nWashington and Martha Washington, by Gilbert Stuart, portraits of \nother notable Americans, and several large canvases by Copley. In \nthe third gallery are works of English artists, including Turner, \"The \nSlave Ship,\" and specimens of Wilson, Constable, Sir Thomas Law- \nrence, and others; also a portrait by Goya, the \" Chapeau Blanc,\" by \nGreu/.e. In the fourth and fifth galleries are works by French and \nAmerican artists, including several examples of Degas, Gerome, \" L'Emi \nnence Grise,\" Delacroix, \"I'ieta\" and \"Lion Hunt\"; also examples \nof Corot, Diaz, Dupre, Brush, Thayer, Homer, La Farge, and others. \nHeyond, in the corridor, is a large painting of \" Automedon and the \nHorses of Achilles,\" by Regnault. The print rooms are devoted to \ntemporary exhibitions of selections from the Museum collection, and \nof loans. In the -water-color room are examples of French, English, \nand American artists, among them W. Blake, illustrations of Comus \nand of Paradise Ixxst, and Bume-Jones, \" Le chant d'amour.\" \n\nReturning to the stairway hall, the gallery beyond is that of textiles. \nOn the walls are tapestries and eight decorative panels in wood (iSth \ncentury, French) ; in the center cases Japanese and Chinese dresses. \nThe room beyond is devoted to ceramics. In case 46 is an exceptional \ncollection of jade and a Japanese crystal ball said to be the largest in \nexistence. Adjoining the textile gallery is the -wood-carving room, with \nthe Buffum collection of amher, — antique, renaissance, and modern. \nThe Lawrence room adjoining is decorated with old paneling taken \nfrom a room of like dimensions. The clock near the doorway was in \nthe house of John Hancock when governor of Massachusetts in 17X0. \nThe metal room, next, contains among other objet is tine ( hinese \nbronzes (case 11). The coin room adjacent contains objects in the \nprecious metals, including silverware by I'aul Revert-, and a watch, a \ngift to CJueen Charlotte on her marriage to George III. The collec- \ntion of Chinese and Japanese art, occupying the next ro.mi and the cor \nridor (many other objects being stored for want of exhibition space), is \n\n\n86 B MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS \n\nthe largest and finest in the world. In the Japanese room are speci- \nmens of metal work, ivory and wood carving, costumes, and lacquer, the \nlatter being especially noteworthy. The Morse collection of Japanese pot- \ntery, in transverse cases in the corridor beyond, gives a more complete \nrepresentation of the fictile art of Japan than all other existing collec- \ntions combined. The architectural and decorative carvings in wood \nalong' the corridor are new to occidental eyes, and of marked interest \nand beauty. In the center of the corridor are Chinese and Thibetan \nstatues, and at the end a statue of Niorai (i2th century), a remarkable \nmonument of an age of great artistic elevation. The collection of \nprints (a selection shown) may be seen on application to the curator. \n\nIn the basement of the building is the library and photograph collection \n(opsn to all visitors), which includes books and photographs chosen with reference \nto the needs of special students of art and its history (10,000 books and pam- \nphlets and about 17,000 photographs). The Museum School gives instruction \nin drawing and painting, in modeling and design, with supplementary courses \nin artistic anatomy and perspective. \n\nThe nrst suggestion of a public establishment in Boston to be devoted wholly \nto the fine arts was the result of a wish to make more accessible to the public \nseveral collections of works of art already existing in the Athenaeum, at Harvard \nCollege, and at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The land now occu- \npied by the Museum building was the gift of the city, but apart from this public \ngift, the Museum has been wholly dep?ndent upon private liberality for its crea- \ntion and maintenance. Plans for a new building to te erected upon a lot of \ntwelve acres of land on Huntington Avenue and the Fenway, bought in 1899. \nare actively in progress. The Museum is managed by a board of thirty trustees, \nof whom three are appointed by Harvard College, three by the Boston Athenaeum, \nand three by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. There are five ex-officio \nmembers, of whom three, including the mayor, represent the city of Boston. \nThe remainder of the board are those first named in the act of incorporation and \nthose chosen by the board to fill vacancies in its number. The president of the \ncorporation is Samuel D. Warren : director of the Museum, Edward Robinson. \nThe Museum is opsn free on Saturdays from 9 to 5, and on Sundays from i to ^ : \nadmission twenty-five cents on Mondays from 12 to 5 ; on other days from 9 to 5. \n\nTrinity Church (Protestant Episcopal) is one of the richest examples \nof ecclesiastical architecture in the city. It was the crowning work of \nthe architect H. H. Richardson and is called his masteipiece. Its \nstyle as defined by him is the French Romanesque, as freely rendered \nin the pyramidal-towered churches of Auvergne, the central tower pre- \ndominating. It is constructed of yellowish granite, with brown freestone \ntrimmings. The elaborate decorative work of the interior is by John \nLa Farge. The chapel, with open outside stairway, is connected with \nthe church by the open cloister, and here are placed stones from the old \nSt. Botolph Church in Boston, England, presented by the authorities \n\n\nTRINITY CHURCH \n\n\nof that church. Trinity Church was consecrated in 1877. Its prede- \ncessor was destroyed in the fire of 1872. That stood on Summer \nStreet at the corner \nof Hawley Street, a \nGothic structure \nwith massive stone \nwalls and t o w e r. \nPhillips Brooks was \nrector of Trinity from \n1869 to 1891, when \nhe was made Bishop \nof Massachusetts. \nThe Phillips R rooks \nhouse is the rectory \nof the church, near \nby, on the northeast \ncorner of Clarendon \n\nand New- \n\nburv streets. \n\n\nTY CHURCH \n\n\n17-8. is \n\nthe third \n\nEpiscopal church established in Hoston. \n\nThe New Old South Church, so called to distinguish it from \nits still existing predecessor, the Old \nSouth Meetinghouse (Congregational \nTrinitarian), is also noteworthy for rich- \nness of design and ornamentation. It is \nin the North Italian Gothic style, and \nconstructed mainly of the local Rox- \nbury stone. The great tower ti-imin.it \ning in a pyramidal spire, composed of \ncombinations of colored stones, rises \ntwo hundred and forty eight feet. \nDelicate carvings ornament the facade. \nIn the beautiful arcade between the \n\ntower and the south transept arc \nNi:\\v Oi.ii SOI-TII C HI-HI H \n\ninscribed tablets. One bears this \n\ninscription: \" Old South Church. Preserved and blessed of God for \nmore than two hundred years while worshiping on its original site, \ncorner of Washington and Milk streets, whence it was removed to this \n\n\n88 MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY \n\nbuilding in 1875, amid constant proofs of his guidance and loving favor. \nQui transtulit sustinet.\" Cummings & Sears were the architects of this \nchurch. \n\nThe Second Church (Unitarian), descendant of the historic Old \nNorth Church of North Square, founded in 1649, ^s built in large part \nfrom the stones of the previous meetinghouse in Bedford Street, now \nin the business quarter, which was taken down in 1872. It is a plain \nGothic exterior, beautified by a complete mantle of ivy. The interior \nis broad and lofty, showing the open-timbered roof. Interesting memo- \nrials of former pastors of distinction are here. In the transept at the \nright of the pulpit is a bust of Ralph Waldo Emerson (minister in \n\n\nNATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM AND TECHNOLOGY BUILDINGS \n\n1829—1832) by Sidney H. Morse. On the other side of the transept is \na portrait of John Lathrop, the patriot minister of the Revolutionary \nperiod. In front of the pulpit is Cotton Mather's pulpit chair. \n\nThe two main buildings of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology \n(founded by Professor William B. Rogers as a school of applied science, \nand chartered in 1861) occupy, together with the Natural History \nMuseum, the entire square bounded by Boylston, Berkeley, Newbury, \nand Clarendon streets. They are the Rogers Building, dignified in \ndesign, with high portal approached by a noble flight of broad stone \nsteps, and the severely plain Walker Building. In the former are the \nadministrative offices of the institution and the departments of mining, \nmathematics, drawing, history, economics, and English ; in the latter, \nthe departments of physics and chemistry. Other buildings, the Henry \nL. Pierce and Engineering buildings, in which are the departments of \ncivil and mechanical engineering, architecture, naval architecture, biol- \nogy, and geology, are in Trinity Place ; the Workshops are in Garrison \nStreet, off Huntington Avenue ; and the Gymnasium is on Exeter \n\n\nNATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM 89 \n\nStreet. The several buildings comprise, in addition to drawing, recita- \ntion, and lecture rooms, eight laboratories or groups of laboratories. \n\nIn the Rogers Building is llnntington I/all, in which the Society of Arts, \norganized with the institute for the encouragement of practical applica- \ntions of the sciences, has its meetings. Here, also, are given the free \nlecture courses of the Lowell Institute (founded in 1X39 by the will of \nJohn Lowell, Jr.). The Lowell School of Practical Design, established \nby the trustees of the Lowell Institute (1872) for the promotion of \nindustrial art in the United States, is maintained by the Institute of \nTechnology in its workshops. In the rear of the main buildings, on \nNewbury Street, is the Technology Clubhouse. \n\nThe Natural History Museum, sedate and elegant in style and finish, \nfronts on Berkeley Street. It is the building of the Boston Society of \nNatural History, founded in 1831. It was erected in 1864. Over the \nentrance door is carved the society's seal, which bears the head of \nCuvier. On the keystones of the windows are carved heads of animals, \nand a sculptured eagle surmounts the pediment. The collections in the \nhalls and galleries of this museum are interesting and valuable, and are \nadmirably arranged. Upon entering, in the first hall are seen the intro- \nductory synoptical collection and sundry important geological speci- \nmens. From the ceiling of the main hall is suspended the large \nskeleton of a whale. In the library, which contains from thirty to \nforty thousand volumes, much consulted by students, are fine mineral- \nogical, geological, and botanical collections. On the second floor is a \nhall filled with stuffed animals, geological, physiological, and fossil cases, \nand skeletons of elephants and extinct fauna. Conspicuous is the skele- \nton of a gorilla. In the galleries here are New Kngland tree and shrub \nand other botanical specimens ; also conchological collections. ( >n \nthe third and fourth floors are general ornithological and ethnological \ncollections, with the magnificent Lafresnaye Collection of birds, nests, \nand eggs. Lecture halls and rooms are in the building, in which instruc- \ntion is given to classes of students. The museum is open to the public \ndaily (except Sunday) from o, A.M. to i r.M. and from 2 P.M. to 5 P.M. \n\nBelow Copley Square, in the neighborhood of IfuHtington Artnuc, \nare other institutions of note. On Kxeter Street, two blocks north, is \nthe Massachusetts Normal Art School (established by the State in 1873), \nand on opposite corners the South Congregational Church, of which \nKdward Kverett Hale is pastor emeritus, and the Boston Spiritual \nTemple. On St. Hototph Street, reached from Hmitington Avenue by \nGarrison Street, is the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy (chartered \n1852). On the same street is Simmons Hall, the dormitory «f the \nSimmons Female College (chartered iSyy), established by I he will ->f \n\n\n9° \n\n\nSYMPHONY HALL \n\n\nJohn Simmons, a Boston merchant, to furnish instruction in \"such \nbranches of art, science, and industry \" as will \" best enable women to \n\nearn an independent \nlivelihood.\" The col- \nlege building is on the \nBack Bay Fens (see \np. in). \n\nFarther down on \nHuntington Avenue \nis the Woman's Club- \nhouse in the Twentieth \nCentury Building. A \nfew steps from the \navenue, on side streets, \nCHICKERING HALL is the great stone \n\nChristian Science \n\nTemple, rising to the lofty height of two hundred and twenty feet, topped \nby a magnificent dome; and with an auditorium of five thousand sittings. \nThis church has a melodious chime of bells. \n\nAbout the Junction of Huntington and Massachusetts Avenues. In this \nsection are grouped more notable buildings, giving it a special distinc- \ntion. On the north side of Huntington Avenue, near the junction, is \nChickering Hall, \nwith ornamented \nfacade. Next, at \nthe east corner of \nthe two avenues, is \nHorticultural Hall, \nthe fine building of \nthe Massachusetts \nHorticultural So- \nciety (organized \n1829), in which great \nexhibitions of flow- \ners and fruits are \nheld in their sea- \nsons. On the op- \nposit e corner is \nSymphony Hall, successor of the old Music Hall as a \" temple of \nmusic,\" where the concerts of the Boston Symphony Orchestra and \nthe oratorios of the Handel and Haydn Society are given. \n\nFarther down Huntington Avenue, on the corner of Gainsborough \nStreet, is the building of the New England Conservatory of Music \n\n\nHORTICULTURAL HALL \n\n\nMASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY \n\n\n91 \n\n\nSYMPHONY HAM. \n\n\n(established in 1867), the greatest institution of its kind in the country, \nembracing sixteen separate schools and training students in every \nbranch of the art. Opposite this are the buildings of the New Eng- \nland Children's Hospital (incorporated in 1869). Still farther out is the \nTufts College Medical and \nDental School. \n\nThrough IVestland \nAvemte, north of the \njunction of Huntington \nand Massachusetts \navenues, we may reach \nthe Fens, or Hack Bay \nPark. At Hemenway \nStreet is the Western \nentrance, with the \nMemorial Fountain, in \ncommemoration of \nEllen C. Johnson, \nsuperintendent of the State Reformatory School for Women at Sher- \nborn, who left by her will a fund for the erection of a drinking font for \nanimals at some public place in the city. \n\nOn the Fenway, near Hoylston Street, is the handsome house of the \nBoston Medical Library (founded in 1874), ornamenting the street. The \nprincipal reading room is Holmes Hall, named for Dr. Oliver Wendell \nHolmes and adorned with mementos of him. His own valuable med- \nical library is preserved in the general collection of this library, the \n\nfourth in si/e of the \nmedical libraries of the \ncountry. There is here \nthe Storer collection of \nmedical medals, remark- \nable in its variety and \nextent. \n\nAt the corner <>f the \nFenway and Hoylston \nStreet, facing the latter, is \nthe house of the Massachusetts Historical Society (founded in 1701). the \noldest historical society in the country, and probably in the world. This \ndistinguished building was designed by Wheelwright vV Haven, and \nwas erected by the society in iS<>7-iSi)<>. It contains the society's rare \nlibrary of forty three thousand volumes, enriched with historical docu- \nments and manuscripts. Over the entrance to the Dowse Library are \n\n\nWKSTI.AND AVP.NTK ENTRANCE T \n\n\n15? \n\n\n92 THE SOUTH END \n\nthe crossed swords which used to rest above the library of William H. \nPrescott, and to which Thackeray alludes in the opening of \" The Vir- \nginians.\" The cabinet museum of curios contains numerous interesting \nobjects, among them the wooden Indian which topped the old Province \nHouse and the cannon ball which struck the Brattle Square Church \nduring the Siege. The model of the historic meetinghouse is in the \nupper hall. The museum is open on Wednesday afternoons only, from \n2 to 5. The chief function of this society is to publish, and it has \nissued infinitely more publications than any other historical society \nin this country, and more than all the other societies combined, the \nnumber exceeding one hundred. Charles Francis Adams is the pres- \nent president of the society, and Dr. Samuel A. Green has long been \nthe librarian. The American Academy of \nArts and Sciences (founded in 1780) is also \nestablished in this building. \n\nIn the Fens, near by, is the monument to \nJohn Boyle O'Reilly, the Irish poet, editor, and \nathlete. We may pass along the Fens north- \nward by a circling course to Charlesgate, and \nfinish our tour in the newer residential part \nof this quarter, with its broad streets and fine \n\nJOHN BOYLE O'REILLY dwellings, locally termed the \"New Back Kay.\" \n\nMONUMENT Charlesgate is the passage through which \n\nMuddy River empties into the Charles River. \n\nThe street ways on either side are called Charlesgate East and Charles- \ngate West. Bay State Road, making off from Charlesgate W'est to the \nriverside, is especially noticeable for its display of domestic architecture. \nOn Charlesgate East and Commonwealth Avenue is the sumptuous \nHotel Somerset. \n\n6. THE SOUTH END \n\nThe South End is now a faded quarter. Like the Back Bay it is \ncomposed largely of \" made land.\" It was developed from the narrow \nneck connecting the old town with Roxbury, and was planned and \nbuilt up on a generous scale to become the permanent fashionable part \nof the city. Such favor it was enjoying when the lavish development \nof the Back Bay began, and fashion was not long in turning from it and \nmoving westward. With all its air of having-seen-better-days, however, \nthis quarter still has attractions. Its streets are broad, some are shaded \nwith fine trees ; numerous small parks are scattered through it ; many of \nthe houses are yet substantial dwellings, with a look of roominess within ; \n\n\nBOSTON CITY HOSPITAL \n\n\n93 \n\n\nand various important institutions are established within its borders. \nThe latter most interest the visitor. \n\nAmong the most noteworthy of these institutions are the Public Latin \nand English High Schools, on Warren Avenue, Dartmouth and Mont- \ngomery streets ; the Girls' High School, West Newton Street ; the Boston \nCollege (Roman Catholic, founded in 1860), Harrison Avenue (No. 761), \nnear East Newton Street ; the great Boston City Hospital, with its twenty- \nsix buildings (a group of nineteen constituting the City Hospital proper, \nand a group of seven, in the South Department, for infectious diseases), \noccupying lands bounded by Harrison Avenue, East Concord Street, \nAlbany Street, and Massachusetts Avenue ; and the group of buildings \nof the Massachusetts \nHomeopathic Hospital, \nwith the School of Medi- \ncine (connected with \nBoston University), on \nEast Concord Street \nand Harrison Avenue. \n\nOf the churches of \nthe quarter the stone \nCathedral of the Holy \nCross (Roman Catho- \nlic), on Washington \nStreet, at the comer of \nMaiden Street, is the \ngreatest. It is the \nlargest Catholic church in New England, and in some respects the \nfinest. It is in the early English Gothic style. The interior is richly \ndesigned and embellished. The arch of the front vestibule is con- \nstructed of bricks from the ruins of the Ursuline Convent on Mount \nBenedict (now leveled) in Somerville, which was burned by a mob on \nthe night of August 1 1, 1834. In the front yard of the edifice is the \nbronze statue of Columbus, by Alois Buyens (a replica of the San \nDomingo monument), erected in 1892. In the grounds at the rear, \non the corner of Union Park Street and Harrison Avenue, is the arch- \nbishop's house, in which are the chief offices of the archdiocese. \nAnother South End Catholic church of note is the Church of the \nImmaculate Conception, on Harrison Avenue and East Concord Street \n(by the side of Boston College). The interior of this church is also \nrich in ornamentation. \n\nOf the older Protestant churches several have become \"institutional \nchurches,\" with numerous helpful activities. Such are the Berkeley \n\n\nA TYPICAL CHILDREN'S PLAYGROUND \n\n\n94 EAST BOSTON \n\nTemple, on Berkeley near Tremont Street ; the Shawmut Church, on \nTremont Street ; and the Warren Avenue Baptist Church, on Warren \nAvenue and West Canton Street. The Denison House (College Settle- \nment) is at 93 Tyler Street, and the South End House at 20 Union Park \nStreet. Among the churches still retaining the old parish methods \nare the Second Universalist Church, on Columbus Avenue ; the Clarendon \nStreet Baptist Church, at the junction of Clarendon and Tremont streets; \nthe Union Church (Congregational), on Columbus Avenue and West \nNewton Street ; and the Tremont Street Methodist Church, on the corner \nof Tremont and Concord streets. \n\nWashington and Tremont streets and Shawmut and Columbus ave- \nnues are the great thoroughfares generally north and south through this \nquarter. Columbus Avenue opens at Park Square (from Boylston Street \nopposite the Common). In the square is the Emancipation Group, com- \nmemorating the emancipation of the slaves by President Lincoln, an \ninteresting piece of statuary by Thomas Ball. It was a gift to the city \nby Moses Kimball, long the owner of the old Boston Museum, and \nwas erected in 1879. \n\n7. THE OUTLYING DISTRICTS \n\nEast Boston on its islands is a place of steamship docks and of great \nmanufactories. In the days of wooden ships it was a center of ship- \nyards, whence fine craft were launched. Here were built splendid \nclipper ships for the California service in the gold-digging days. Now \n\n\nCASTLE ISLAND, MARINE PARK \n\nits attractions for the visitor are slight, although several of its hill streets \nare pleasant, and wide harbor views open from various points. Belmont \nSquare, on Camp Hill, marks the site of the fort erected in the Revolu- \ntionary period, and perhaps also the site of the fortified house of Samuel \nMaverick, the earliest white settler, in 1630. Wood Island Park, of the \nMetropolitan Parks System, lies on the harbor or south side of the main \nisland. \n\n\nMARINE PARK \n\n\n95 \n\n\nHEAD HOUSE, MARINE PARK \n\n\nSouth Boston has also become a great industrial center and a place of \nshipping docks. Its points of popular interest to-day consist of the \nremnant of Dorchester Heights, — Telegraph Hill, — upon which is \nthe monument \" perpetuating the erection of American fortifications \nthat forced the British to \nevacuate Boston, March 17, \n1776\"; the Perkins Institu- \ntion for the Blind, the benefi- \ncent institution founded by \nDr. Samuel G. Howe in 1 829 ; \nand the beautiful water-front \nesplanade, the Marine Park, \nof the Boston Public Parks \nSystem. These are all at \nthe east end of the district \nlocally known as \"The \nPoint \" ; South Boston cars \nmarked \" City Point \" reach \nthem all. In the Marine Park \nis the admirable statue of \n\nFarragut, in bronze, by II. II. Kitson. This was erected in 1893. The \nPoint is a favorite yachting station, and several yacht clubhouses are \nsituated here. In the lower part of the district the Lawrence school- \nhouse on West Third Street marks the site of Nook Hill, the historic \ninterest of which is disclosed in the inscription on a tablet here. \n\nThe Roxbury District also has interesting landmarks of the Revolu- \ntion. These are the Roxbury forts, near Highland Street, in the neigh- \nborhood of Kliot Square, with its century- \nold meetinghouse of the \" First Religious \nSociety in Koxbury\" (dating from 1632), \non the site of the first rude structure in \nwhich John Kliot preached for more than \nforty years. Koxbury I'pper Fort is \nmarked by the lofty ornate white water \npipe, on the hill of Highland ['ark, between \nHeach (Men and Fort avenues. The lines \nof the fort are indicated, and it is fittingly \nmarked by a tablet. The site ot the Lower Fort, a short distance \nnorthward, is pointed out in the yard of a dwelling on Highland Street. \nThese forts, built by (lencral Harry Knox. under the direction of Gen- \neral Thomas, crowned the Koxbury lines of investment during the Siege \nof Boston. Highland Street, which leads from Kliot Square, is most \n\n\nTAIH.RT AT \" NOOK Hri.t. \n\n\n96 \n\n\nROXBURY DISTRICT \n\n\ninteresting as the home of Edward Everett Hale, in a broad, roomy, old- \ntime house (No. 39). On this street also was \" Rockledge,\" the home \nof William Lloyd Garrison through his later years. On Warren Street, \nnot far from the Dudley Street terminal of the elevated railway, is the \nsite of the birthplace of General Joseph Warren, now covered by a stone \nhouse built in 1846 by Dr. John Collins Warren, a tablet on its face \ninforming us, \" as a permanent memorial of the spot.\" Near by, on \nKearsarge Avenue, was the home of Rear Admiral John A. Winslow of \nthe Kearsarge which destroyed the Alabama in the Civil War. Here \nalso is the Roxbury Latin School, only ten years the junior of the \nBoston Latin School, having been established in 1645. Of this school \n\nWarren was a master \nwhen he was but nine- \nteen years old. Near the \nold Boston line, at the \ncorner of Washington \nand Eustis streets, is \nthe ancient burying \nground in which are the \ntombs of John Eliot and \nof the Dudleys, — Gov- \nernor Thomas Dudley \n(died 1653), Governor \nJoseph Dudley (1720), \nChief Justice Dudley \n(1752), and Colonel \nWilliam Dudley (1743). \nIn the western part of \n\nthis district is Franklin Park, the largest single park in the Boston City \nParks System. \n\nThe West Roxbury District contains memorials of Theodore Parker, \nand embraces \" Brook Farm,\" the place of the experiment in socialism \nby the Brook Farm Community of literary folk in 1841-1847, and the \nscene of Hawthorne's \" Blithedale Romance.\" The old First Parish \nmeetinghouse with its Wren tower, locally known as the Theodore \nParker Church from Parker's nine years' ministry here, is still standing, \nthough unused and dismantled. It is on Centre Street, close by the \nCentral station of the railroad (Dedham Branch). Electric cars from \nForest Hills pass its neighborhood. In front of its successor, a little \nfarther up Centre Street, is a fine bronze statue of Parker. Farther \nalong this main street, at the corner of Cottage Avenue, Parker's resi- \ndence also remains, — now occupied as the parish house of a neighboring \n\n\nPATH IN THE WILDERNESS, FRANKLIN PARK \n\n\nDORCHESTER DISTRICT \n\n\n97 \n\n\nCatholic church. Brook Farm is but little changed in its outward \naspect. It lies about a mile distant from Spring Street station on \nthe railroad (by way of Baker Street). The Stony Brook Reservation of \nthe Metropolitan Parks System is in this district. Forest Hills Cemetery, \none of the most beautiful of modern burying grounds, is in another part \nof the district, close by the terminus of the Forest Hills lines of electrics \nand the Forest Hills station of the railroad. Here are the graves or \ntombs of General Joseph Warren, Rear Admirals Winslow and Thacher, \nWilliam Lloyd Garrison, John Gilbert, the actor, Martin Milmore, the \nsculptor, and many others of distinction. At Milmore 's grave is the monu- \nment representing the Angel of Death staying the hand of the sculptor, \nan exceptionally tine piece of sculpture by Daniel C. French. Jamaica \nPlain, in which are the Arnold Arboretum and Olmsted Park of the Boston \nCity Parks System, is a part of this district. \n\nThe Dorchester District is now essentially a place of homes. It \nembraces a series of hills, several of them commanding pleasant water \nviews. Meetinghouse Hill, in the southern part, is crowned with a fine \nexample of the New England meetinghouse of the early nineteenth \ncentury, in direct descent from the first meetinghouse of 1631. At \nUpham's Corner, on Dudley Street and Columbia Road, is the \nancient burying ground, one of the most interesting in the country. \nAmong the distinguished tombs here are those of Lieutenant Governor \nWilliam Stoughton, chief justice of the court before which the witch- \ncraft trials at Salem were held, and Richard Mather, the founder of the \nMather family in New England. Many of the inscriptions on the stones \nare quaint, and there are a number of imposing tablets. \n\nThe Brighton District was once the great cattle mart of New Eng- \nland, and famous also for its extensive market gardens and nurseries. \nA few of the latter remain, but the district is mainly a residential sec- \ntion so closely associated with newer Huston as to be a component \npart of it. \n\n\n98 \n\n\nCAMBRIDGE \n\n\nII. THE METROPOLITAN REGION \n\nThe thirty-six cities and towns comprising with modern Boston the \nMetropolitan District (see Plate V), all lying in the \"Boston Basin\" \n[see p. 3], or touched by a circle with a radius of ten miles from the \nState House, are: \n\nCITIES — Cambridge, Chelsea, Everett, Lynn, Maiden, Medford, Mel- \nrose, Newton, Quincy, Somerville, Waltham, and Woburn. \n\nTOWNS — Arlington, Belmont, Braintree, Brookline, Canton, Dedham, \nHull, Hyde Park, Milton, Nahant, Lexington, Needham, Reading, \nRevere, Saugus, Stoneham, Swampscott, Wakefield, Watertown, Welles- \nley, Weston, Weymouth, Winchester, and Winthrop. \n\nAll of these places, with the exception of Hull and Nahant, are \nwithin the suburban districts of the railroads terminating in Boston, \nwith frequent train service, and are embraced in the electric-railway \nsystem. \n\nCAMBRIDGE AND HARVARD \n\nHarvard Square is our destination, and it is barely a half hour's \nride by electric car taken in the Subway at Park Street station, or at \nCopley Square (Boylston Street), or further out on Massachusetts \nAvenue ; or by an electric car taken at Bowdoin Square. Let us agree \n\nto go by the latter \nroute, purposing to \nreturn by the former, \nand not forgetting, ere \nwe board the car in \nBowdoin Square, to \nglance at the venerable \nRevere House, and \nespecially at the little \niron-railed balcony from \nwhich Daniel Webster \ndelivered many a \nfamous speech. We soon reach Charles Street, with the County Jail \nfrowning on the right, and cross Charles River by a temporary structure \nused while a new and massive bridge is building just north of it. \n\nThe river crossed, we find ourselves in busy Cambridgeport so called, \namid factories and workshops, notably the great Athenaeum Press of \nGinn & Company, near the river. A mile or so beyond we pass \n\n\nATHEN.ETM PRESS \nFIRST STREET, NEAR WEST BOSTON BRIDGE \n\n\nHARVARD UNIVERSITY \n\n\n99 \n\n\nClTY \n\n\nCherry Street ; and on Cherry Street (at the corner of Eaton Street) \n\nstill stands the house in which Margaret Fuller was born. A little farther \n\non at the left is Magazine Street, where, at the comer of Auburn Street \n\nWashington Allston once lived. \n\nNearby on the right one observes \n\na fine building of reddish granite \n\nwith brownstone trimmings and a \n\nclock tower. This is City Hall, \n\nthe gift of Frederick II. Rindge. \n\nThe architects were Longfellow, \n\nAlden & Harlow. A short \n\ndistance back of the City Hall \n\nmay be seen a tablet which marks \n\nthe spot where General Israel Put- \n\nnam had his headquarters during \n\nthe Siege of Boston. Other city \n\ninstitutions may be seen by leav- \n\ning the car at Trowbridge Street, \n\nat the end of which will be found the Public Library (by Ware and Van \n\nBrunt, 1889) and the Manual Training School (by Rotch and Tilden). \n\nThese buildings \nalso were the gift \nof Mr. Rindge. \nClose by are the \nLatin School and \nthe English High \nSchool. \n\nLet us suppose. \nhowever, that, \nwith our minds \nfixed on the Har- \nvard University, \nwe remain in the \ncar until, round- \ning a corner, we \ncome upon a large \nBaptist church of \n\nslatestont'. This \nGROUNDS OF HARVARD UNIVBKSITV \n\nh.is no contH-c \n\ntion with the university, but it stands in strange contiguity with Beck \nHall, one of the most costly and luxurious <>f Harvard dormitories- \nnot the property of the college. Alighting here, we find ourselves at \n\n\n100 \n\n\nHARVARD UNIVERSITY \n\n\nonce on sacred ground. In front of us, and to the left, is the \"yard.\" \nTo the right and separated from the yard by Qiiincy Street is the new \nHarvard Union, erected lyoi, of which Henry L. Higginson and the late \nHenry Warren were the chief donors. McKim, Mead & White were the \narchitects. It contains offices for the college papers, billiard rooms, \na restaurant, a good library, and a large assembly room. It is a sort \nof home or meeting ground for graduates and undergraduates. Just \nbeyond is the Colonial Club, where may be found the quintessence of \nCambridge, the literary and academic elite. These buildings are on the \nright of Quincy Street. Upon the opposite side of the street, the first \n\nhouse, on the corner and \nwithin the yard, was for- \nmerly the Harvard Observa- \ntory. Afterward it was the \nhome of President Felton, \nand later of the venerated \nProfessor A. P. Peabody. \nThe boundary wall of the \nyard in front of this build- \ning, built in 1901, was given \nby the class of 1880. The \nbrick house next beyond it \nis the residence of President \nEliot, and beyond that is a \n\nhouse occupied by Professor Shaler, upon the site of which is soon to \nbe erected a hall in memory of Ralph Waldo Emerson. \n\nLet us now retrace our steps and, turning the corner by the sometime \nobservatory, we come first to a gate given by Mrs. Wirt Dexter to com- \nmemorate her son, Samuel Dexter, a member of the class of 1890, who \ndied in 1894. Next is the gate erected by the class of 1877, and \nentering here we find ourselves in front of the Library, or Gore Hall. \nThe original building was the gift of Christopher Gore, a leading \nlawyer and governor of Massachusetts. Enlargements of modern date \nhave increased its usefulness, if not its beauty. The library contains \n400,200 bound volumes, and this number is swelled by outlying collec- \ntions in various departments of the university to 607,100, — to say \nnothing of pamphlets. For students who feel unequal to mastering \nthe library as a whole, a small lot of 22,500 volumes is provided \non the easily accessible shelves of the reading room. Among the \nvaluable private collections that have been contributed to the library \nare Parkman's books, George Ticknor's collection of Dante literature, \nand Carlyle's collection of books relating to Cromwell and Frederick \n\n\nHARVARD MAIN* GATE \n\n\nHARVARD UNIVERSITY lot \n\nthe Great. Emerging from the library and skirting the yard to the \nright, we come first to Sever Hall, a recitation building, simple, sub- \nstantial, and dignified, the work of the late II. II. Richardson. It was \nbuilt in 1880 from a fund given by Mrs. Anne E. P. Sever. To the left \nis the college chapel, called Appleton Chapel, a building of light stone \nerected in 1858, the gift of Samuel Appleton. Beyond it and facing on \nCambridge Street is a new building of stone, almost white, brought \nfrom Indiana. This is the William Hayes Fogg Art Museum, erected \nin 1895, and given by Mrs. Elizabeth Fogg. It contains a large collection \nof casts, statues, engravings, coins, etc., but leaves something to be \ndesired in point of beauty. Turning sharply to the left and continuing \nto skirt the yard, we find at the bend in the road the Phillips Brooks \nHouse, designed by A. \\V. Longfellow. It is the center of the religious \nlife of the university. In this vicinity are two gates, one given by the \nclass of 1876 and one by the class of 1886. \n\nLeaving this house behind us and turning our steps toward the center \nof the Yard, we come first to Holworthy, which was erected in 1812 \nfrom money obtained by a lottery. Hack of Holworthy, by the way, \nis a gate given by George Von L. Meyer, our ambassador to Italy. \nHolworthy, from its slightly elevated site at the head of the yard, \noccupies a commanding position, and has always been a favorite build- \ning. It was the first dormitory that made any pretense to luxury, for \nit is arranged in suites of three rooms for \"chums,\" — a study in front \nand two bedrooms in the rear of the building. Class-Day spreads and \nCommencement punches always found in Holworthy their fittest home. \nIn front of Holworthy the Glee Club sings, and noted men gather in \ngroups. Standing here we obtain the best view of the beautiful yard, \nwith its great elms, its shadows, its splashes of sunshine on the turf; \nor, of a Class- Day night, its festoons of Japanese lanterns swaying from \ntree to tree. Who can number the romances that have been transacted \nor begun in the deeply recessed window seats, in the somber, academic, \nalmost monastic shades of Holworthy Hall! Time presses, however, \nand we must glance at the other buildings in the (Quadrangle. \n\nTurning to the right or westerly side of the yard, we come first to \nStoughton, a dormitory built in iSov In its rear. or nearly so, is Holden \nChapel, the gift (17.}.}) of Madame Itoldcn <>f London, and onre tin- \ncollege chapel. It is now used for society meetings. lust south of \nHolden Chapel is a gate given by the class. ,>f 187 ;. and north of that \na gate and sundial erei ted by the i lass of 1870. Next » otm-s Hollis \nHall, also a dormitory, which dates back to 1705 and was the gift of \nThomas Hollis of London. Three generations of that family writ- \nbenefactors of the college. This building was used as barra< ks by \n\n\n102 \n\n\nHARVARD UNIVERSITY \n\n\nthe American soldiers in the Revolution at the time when the college \n\\vas temporarily removed to Concord. Next to Ilollis is Harvard Hall, \na building which replaced an earlier Harvard Hall burned in 1764. \n\nThe present building \nwas also used as bar- \nracks in the Revolu- \ntionary War. It now \nholds some special \nlibraries. There is a \ncupola on Harvard \nHall containing a bell \nwhich rings for prayers \nand recitations. The \nspace between the cor- \n\nHARVARD GATE, CLASS OF ,877 \"ers of the tvvo build- \n\nings, Harvard and \n\nHollis, is only five or six feet, and there is a tradition that once a \nstudent, trying to steal the tongue of the bell, heard the janitor mount- \ning the cupola, and running down the steep roof of Harvard, jumped \nacross the gap and landed safely on the roof of Ilollis, whence he \nescaped. \n\nNext in order comes Massachusetts, but between Massachusetts Hall \nand Harvard Hall is the principal entrance from the street to the \ncollege yard, through the beautiful Johnston gate-way, designed by \nCharles F. McKim. This is inscribed with the orders of the General \nCourt relating to the establishment of the college in 1636-1639 and \nthis extract : \n\nAfter God had carried vs safe to New England \n\nand wee had bvilded ovr hovses \n\nprovided necessaries for ovr liveli hood \n\nreard convenient places for Gods worship \n\nand setled the civill government \n\none of the next things we longed for \n\nand looked after was to advance learning \n\nand perpetvate it to posterity \n\ndreading to leave an illiterate ministery \n\nto the churches when our present ministers \n\nshall die in the dvst \n\nNew Englands First Fruits. \n\nMassachusetts Hall, the oldest of the college buildings, was a gift to \nthe college by the Province in 1720. This hall also was occupied by \ntroops during the Revolution. Afterward it became a dormitory again, \n\n\nHARVARD UNIVERSITY 103 \n\nlater a lecture room, and it is now used for meetings and public pur- \nposes. Beyond Massachusetts, in our tour of the Quadrangle, comes \nMatthews Hall, a dormitory erected in 1872 through the generosity of \nNathan Matthews of Boston. This hall is said to stand on the site of \nthe old Indian College, which was built in 1654 and in which several \nIndian youths struggled with the classics. One of them, Caleb Chee- \nshahteaumuck, took a degree and died. Just beyond Matthews Hall, and \nfacing on the square, is Dane Hall. This was formerly the Law School, \nbut is now occupied by the Bursar's office, lecture rooms, and a \npsychological laboratory. We come next to Grays Hall, a modern \ndormitory which faces Holworthy Hall, at the south end of the yard. \nIt was the gift (1853) of Francis C. Gray of Boston, and its site is \nprobably that of the first college building. Back of dray's Hall, and \nclose to the street, is an ancient wooden building, yet of dignified \naspect, called Wadsworth House. This house was built in 1726, jointly \nby the Colony and by the college, as a residence for the presidents of \nthe institution. It was Washington's headquarters until, as we shall \npresently see. he removed to the Longfellow house on Brattle Street. \nThe speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives, 1900-1903, \nJames J. Myers, who after his graduation at Harvard became a tutor \nand proctor, took up his residence in Wadsworth House at that time, \nand, with rare fidelity, has remained there ever since. Returning now \nto the Quadrangle, the substantial granite building standing a little \nback and near the street is Boylston Hall, built in iS57 from money \nbequeathed by Ward Nicholas Boylston. whose picture, in flowered- \nsilk dressing gown and cap, lights up Memorial Hall. Boylston Hall \nis devoted to chemistry. Next in order, and facing Matthews Hall, is \nWeld Hall, a dormitory given to the college in 1872 by William F. Weld. \nBeyond that is a simple, graceful, and dignified building of white granite, \nbuilt in 1815 from a design by Bulfiiu h. It is called University Hall, \nand for many years was the main recitation building. It is now used \nas an office building. University Hall and Sever Hall might perhaps \nbe described as the two buildings in the yard which are beautiful in \nthemselves, apart frrm any association. Beyond I'niversity, standing \nat right angles with Holworthy, is Thayer Hall, a dormitory given to \nthe college in 1870 by Nathaniel Thayer. \n\nPassing out of the Quadrangle and continuing to Cambridge Sfrrsf, \nwhich bounds the yard on the north, we have within view many build \nings, mostly of recent construction, belonging to the university. Oppo- \nsite the Phillips Brooks House, on the other side of the street, is the \nHemenway Gymnasium, given by Augustus Ilemeinvay in 1878. To \nthe right is the Lawrence Scientific School building, given by Abbott \n\n\n104 HARVARD UNIVERSITY \n\nLawrence in 1847, and reenforced in 1884 by a building in Holmes's \nField just beyond, erected by T. Jefferson Coolidge of Boston. In this \nlast building the visitor may behold an electric machine given to the \ncollege by Benjamin Franklin, and a telescope used by Professor John \nWinthrop. Immediately in front of us is a triangular-shaped piece of \nground called the Delta, formerly the college playground, until Memo- \nrial Hall, designed by Ware and Van Brunt, was built there. in the \nseventies. The statue in the Delta is an ideal statue of John Harvard, \nwhose bequest of his library to the college in 1636 was really its start- \ning point. It is the work of Daniel C. French, and the gift of Samuel \nJ. Bridge. The exterior of Memorial Hall may perhaps strike the visitor \nas lacking unity and simplicity, but the interior will not disappoint him. \nMemorial Hall proper, where are inscribed the names of those Harvard \ngraduates who died in the Civil War, is noble and impressive ; and the \ngreat dining hall, which occupies the whole western end of the building, \nwith room for over a thousand students, which is paneled with oak, \nbeautified by memorial stained-glass windows, and filled with pictures \nand busts, all of which have an historic and some of which have an \nartistic interest, is probably unique in this country. \n\nIf, before entering Memorial Hall (and Sanders Theatre), we turn to \nthe right on leaving the college yard, we shall come first to Robinson \nHall, at the corner of Quincy Street and Broadway, the architectural \nbuilding, containing many casts and engravings. On the opposite \nside of Broad-way, in the \"Little Delta,\" is the old gymnasium, built \nin 1858, now occupied by the Germanic Museum. \n\nOf the many other buildings belonging to the university in this neigh- \nborhood only a few can be mentioned. Randall Hall, at the corner of \nDivinity Avenue, with a dining room that seats five hundred, is a good \npiece of architecture, constructed by Wheelwright & Haven. Beyond \nare the Semitic Museum; Divinity Hall, an unsectarian theological school; \nthe University Museum, comprising the Museum of Comparative Zoology, \nthe Botanical Museum, the Mineralogical Museum, the Geological Museum, \nand the Peabody Museum, founded in 1866 by George Peabody, the \nAmerican banker of London. All of these are open to visitors, and all \ncontain something to interest even the unscientific person. \n\nReturning to the vicinity of the yard, mention should be made of \nthe Law School building, near the Hemenway Gymnasium, as this \nharbors one of the strongest departments of the university. The \nHarvard Law School has not only a national but an international repu- \ntation, and it has been described by an English jurist as superior to any \nother school of the kind in the world. The building was designed by \nII. H. Richardson, the architect of Seaver Hall, to which, however, it is. \n\n\nWASHINGTON ELM \n\n\nI05 \n\n\nscarcely equal. The library contains forty-four thousand volumes. Near \nthis hall once stood the yellow gambrel-roofed house in which Dr. Oliver \n\n\nCAMBKMX.K \n\nWendell Holmes was born. It was removed about twenty years ago. \nThe statue of Charles Sumner, by Miss Anne Whitney, is in the triangular \nplot of ground near by. \nLeaving the univer- \nsity buildings we cross \nthe Cambridge Com- \nmon to the west of the \nyard, formerly, by the \nway, a place of execu- \ntion, and once the \nscene of an open-air \nsermon by Whitefield. \nHere is a bronze \nstatue of John Hriclge, \nthe Puritan, in the garb \nof his time, an excellent \npiece of sculpture by \n\nThomas R. Gould and \\VAMIIN<.T<>N K.t \\i \n\nhis son, Marshall S. \n\nGould. In the roadway, just west of the Common, stands the time- \nworn Washington Elm, to which is affixed a tablet stating the historic fait \nthat under this tree Washington first took command of the American \n\n\nio6 \n\n\nRADCLIFFE COLLEGE \n\n\narmy. Opposite the Washington Elm is the group of buildings belong- \ning to Radcliffe College, the girls' college, a recognized and highly suc- \ncessful part of the university. These buildings are on the corner of \nGarden and Mason streets. \n\nThis venture of giving women instruction in the same studies that were pur- \nsued at Harvard was begun in a small way in 1879. It was not a part of Harvard, \nbut, as a humorous student remarked, it was a Harvard Annex. The name came \ninto common use. The professors and tutors as a rule were strongly in favor \n\n\nLONGFELLOW HOUSE \n\nof the scheme, some even offering to teach for nothing rather than have it fail. \nThe Annex was a success. The Fay house on Garden Street was bought. Lady \nAnne Moulson in 1643 'lad given £100 as a scholarship to Harvard, the first one. \nHer maiden name was Radcliffe, and as the Annex grew it was incorporated as \nRadcliffe College, and now has several fine buildings, a large number of students, \nand its diplomas bear the seal of the older institution and the signature of its \npresident. In the Fay house, by the way, in 1836, the words of \" Fair Harvard\" \nwere written by the Rev. Samuel Gilman of Charleston, S.C. \n\nReturning toward the college \\ve pass Christ Church, which was \nbuilt in 1760 by Peter Harrison, who designed King's Chapel in Bos- \nton. Washington worshiped here. Adjoining the church is an old \nburying ground which dates from 1636, the year of the founding of the \ncollege. Near the fence will be observed a milestone bearing this \ninscription: \"Boston, 8 miles. 1734-\" This was one of many mile- \nstones set up by Governor Dudley ; and what is now a legend was \n\n\nLONGFELLOW AND LOWELL HOUSES \n\n\n107 \n\n\nonce true, for, before the bridges were constructed over the Charles \nRiver between Boston and Cambridge, the highway connecting the \ntwo places ran through Boston Neck and what is now Brighton, and \nwas no less than eight miles long. \n\nSome outlying spots might well be visited if time allowed, and espe- \ncially Soldiers Field, the present extensive playground of the univer- \nsity, and the gift of Major Henry L. Higginson. This borders upon the \nriver, half a mile or so south of the yard, and near it are the Harvard \nboathouses. Brattle Street, the \" Tory Row \" of Provincial days, is \neasily reached by electric car from Harvard Square, and is full of inter- \nest. Here are the stone buildings of the Episcopal Theological School, \nand just above them \nthe Longfellow house, \none of the finest of \ncolonial mansions. It \nwas built about the \nyear 1759 by Colonel \nJohn Vassall, a refugee \nof the Revolution. \nWashington took up \nhis headquarters here \nwhen he removed from \nWadsworth House, \nand here Madam \n\nWashington joined LOWHM. Ho.s,: \n\nhim. Afterward the \n\nestate passed into the hands of various owners : was used as a lodging \nhouse by Harvard professors when the widow Craigie owned it ; was \noccupied by such distinguished persons as Jared Sparks, Edward \nEverett, and Worcester, the dictionary maker; and finally became the \nhome of the poet Longfellow. It is now occupied by a daughter, Miss \nAlice Longfellow, and next to it is the home of another daughter who \nmarried a public-spirited citizen, Richard II. Dana, son of the distin- \nguished lawyer who wrote \"Two Years Before the Mast,\" and grandson \nof the poet of the same name. About ten minutes' walk on Brattle \nStreet beyond the l-ongfellow house brings us to the corner of Klmwinnt \nAvenue, which leads past the familiar Lowell house, where James Russell \nlyowell was born, and which was his lifelong home. The seclusion of the \nhouse, which Lowell so much enjoyed, is now impaired by the parkway \nwhich skirts the I/owell grove. Mt. Auburn Street itself has been mod- \nernized by a succession of public hospitals and the like. Back <>f these \nhospitals, on the river, the curious visitor may behold the site where Leif \n\n\nlo8 MOUNT AUBURN \n\nEricson built his house in the year 1001, or thereabout, — according to the \nidentification of Professor Eben N. Horsford, whose other memorials of \nsupposed Norsemen we shall encounter later. Close at hand is Mount \nAuburn, celebrated for its natural beauty, as well as for the distinguished \ndead who lie buried here. In the vestibule of the brownstone chapel at \nthe left of the entrance to the cemetery are the much-admired statues of \nJohn \\Vinthrop(by Greenough), John Adams (by Randall Rogers), James \nOtis (by Thomas Crawford), and Joseph Story (by his son). Turning to \nthe left we seek Fountain Avenue and the graves of the Rev. Charles \nLowell, of his son, James Russell Lowell, and of the latter's three \nnephews, all of whom were killed in the Civil War. \" Some choice \nNew England stock in that little plot of ground.\" On the ridge back \nof this lot is the monument of Longfellow, and near by (on Lime \nAvenue) the grave of Holmes. If, instead of turning to the left from \nthe entrance, we ascend the hill to the right, passing the statue of Bow- \nditch, the mathematician, we shall come to the old Gothic chapel now \nused as a crematory. Facing this stands the famous Sphinx, the work \nof Martin Milmore. Among other monuments in various parts of the \ncemetery are those of William Ellery Channing (Green-Briar Path), \nHosea Ballou (Central Avenue), Charles Sumner (Arethusa Path), \nEdward Everett (Magnolia Avenue), Charlotte Cushman (Palm \nAvenue), Edwin Booth (Anemone Path), Louis Agassiz (Bellwort \nPath), Anson Burlingame (Spruce Avenue), Samuel G. Howe (near \nSpruce Avenue), and Phillips Brooks (Mimosa Path). In the Fuller \nlot (Pyrola Path) is a monument to Margaret Fuller Ossoli. \n\nFrom the cemetery a Huron Avenue car will take us to the Astro- \nnomical Observatory, and by walking through the observatory grounds we \ncan reach the Harvard Botanic Garden, laid out in 1807. This garden, \nopen to the public, is full of interesting features, such as a bed of \nShakespearean flowers, another of flowers mentioned by Virgil, and still \nanother of such quaint plants as grew in an old-time New England garden. \n\nThe sight-seeing resources of Cambridge are not yet exhausted, but \nthe sight-seer may be ; and so from the Botanic Garden we will take \nan electric car for Boston, \"stopping off,\" however, at Harrirrd Square. \nAcross Massachusetts Avenue, at the corner of Dunster Street, we may \nobserve the site, marked by a tablet, of the house of Stephen Daye, \nfirst printer in British America, 1638-1648. Here were printed the \" Bay \nPsalm-Book \" and Eliot's Indian Bible. Farther down Dunster Street, at \nthe corner of Mt. Auburn Street, is marked the site of the first meeting- \nhouse in Cambridge, set up in 1632 ; and still farther down, at the corner \nof South Street, is a tablet where once stood the house of Thomas \nDudley, founder of Cambridge, who lived here in 1630. \n\n\nBROOKL1NK icy \n\nFrom the south side of Massachusetts Avenue leads off Bow Street, \nonce the great highway through these parts ; and here may still be seen \nthe colonial mansion occupied in prerevolutionary days by Colonel \nDavid Phips. In the same street the regicides Whalley and Gvffe were \nin hiding (1660) until the king, learning of their presence, ordered their \narrest; they fled to New Haven. Just above Bow Street is Plymfton \nStreet, where, shut in by modem brick dormitories, is a fine wooden \ncolonial mansion, constructed about 1761 by the Rev. East Apthorp, \nrector of Christ Church. Mr. Apthoq>, it was supposed, aspired to \nbe a bishop, and consequently his house was called in derision the \n\"Bishop's Palace.\" Burgoyne was lodged here after his surrender at \nSaratoga. \n\nTaking an electric car again, we return to Boston via the new Har- \nvard Bridgf. Two hundred years ago this would have been a ride on \nhorseback, or in a chaise, of eight miles, and over a rough road. Now \nit is a trip of three or four miles, accomplished, luxuriously, in less than \nhalf an hour. Cotton Mather would have shuddered at the change ; \nand yet the University is now so large, and so completely a little world \nin itself, that even the proximity of Boston can hardly ruffle its com- \nposure or divert its scholastic energies. \n\nBROOKLINE \n\nBrookline is the richest suburb of Boston and in many respects the \nmost attractive, with numerous beautiful estates and tasteful \"villas\" \nand charming drives. During all the years since its population entitled \nit to a city charter, its people have steadfastly refused to give up their \nprimitive government by the New Fngland town meeting, just as they \nhave declined all propositions looking to annexation to Boston, although \ntheir territory is embraced on three sides by the encroaching munici- \npality. It began, however, as a possession of Boston. As \"Muddy \nRiver,\" so first called from the stream which still bears the name and \ncontributes no little to the attractiveness of the Fenway section of the \nBoston City Parks System, its fertile fields were originally utili/ed by \nthe chief settlers at Boston as a •• gra/.ing -plai e for their swine and \nother cattle, while corn\" was on the ground in Boston. For a time, \nthrough this usage, it was known as •• Boston Commons.\" li \\\\.ts set \noff as an independent town only in 1705. when the name of Brooklyn \nwas given it, and its inhabitants were \"enjoyned to build a meeting \nhouse and obtain an Orthodox minister,\" — so closely were i ivic and \necclesiastical prerogatives blended in the government then. \n\nWe may reach Brookline from Boston easily, <|ni>kly. and « he.iply \n\n\nno BACK BAY FENS \n\nby several routes. The Newton Circuit line of the New York Central \nRailroad (South Station, or Trinity Place Station, a few steps from \nCopley Square) skirts and traverses the town, and has four stations \nwithin its borders. Various trolley lines cover it more generally, — via \nTremont Street and Roxbury Crossing to Brookline Village ; via Boyls- \nton and Ipswich streets and Brookline Avenue to the same point; via \nBeacon Street to the Chestnut Hill reservoir; via Huntington Avenue \nand Brookline Village to several destinations. P'or the purpose of rapid \nexploration the trolley is superior to the steam railway, and the last-named \n\n\nAGASSIZ BRIDGE IN THE FENS \n\nline is the most convenient. In the Subway, or on Boylston Street or \nHuntington Avenue, or at Copley Square we may take any outward-bound \ncar bearing the legend \" Brookline Village via Huntington Avenue.\" \n\nLeaving Copley Square we soon pass the succession of notable build- \nings about and beyond Massachusetts Avenue, and presently traverse a \nquite open territory. On the left are the large grounds and buildings \nof the Boston American Baseball Club ; and if we look still farther \nto the south we can see beyond the New York, New Haven & Hartford \nRailroad tracks the similar plant of its rival (National) association. On \nour right is a wide expanse of the land reclaimed from the primeval \nsalt marsh, whereon occasional circuses and other tent shows encamp. \nBeyond this not inviting tract we catch glimpses of the Back Bay \nFens, — part of the Boston City Parks System, — which follow the \ngeneral course of the tortuous Muddy River from its mouth at the \n\n\nGARDNER MUSEUM \n\n\nin \n\n\nCharles to a point near Brookline Avenue, where they narrow into the \nRiverway. \n\nNear the Tremont entrance to the Fens from Huntington Avenue we \nget a view of \" Fenway Court,\" which contains the rich collection of works \nof art belonging to the Isabella Stuart Gardner Museum corporation. Close \nby this Venetian structure is seen the Simmons College building (see pp. \n89-90) ; and north of the college, the Church of the Disciples (Unitarian), \nsuccessor of the meetinghouse at the South End of the city, long the \npulpit of James Freeman Clarke. Next in our immediate neighborhood \nappears the cluster of Boston Normal School buildings (erecting in 1907) ; \nthen the noble group of \nwhite pillared structures \nconstituting the Medical \nSchool of Harvard Uni- \nversity, facing the pro- \nposed Avenue Louis \nI'asteur. A little farther \non we pass the House of \nthe Good Shepherd, a \nCatholic institution for \nthe shelter and reclama- \ntion of wayward women \nand girls, — a large brick \nstructure set in ample \ngrounds. \n\nAs we cross the Riverway just at the foot of Leverett 1'ond, into \nwhich the river here widens, a pleasing vista opens out to the left. On \neither side of the tranquil lake are superb driveways, which of a pleasant \nafternoon are crowded with vehicles. A few rods farther on we are \nbrought to our immediate destination, Village Square, where free trans- \nfers to other trolley lines may be made. Since our present object is to see \nsomething of the historical side of Brook line, as well as the part wherein \nis most exhibited the progress attained in the art of the landscape archi- \ntect, we will here transfer to another car. We may remark in passing \nthat on the left of the street (Washington) by which we entered the \nsquare stood in the old days the \" Punch Howl Tavern,\" built about \n1730, — before the Revolution a favorite junketing place for British \nofficers from the Boston garrison, and for nearly a century tin- stopping \nplace of the stagecoaches for Worcester and other inland towns, and \nfor the great goods wagons, the pioneers of our modern freight trains. \n\nBoylston Street, originally the Worcester turnpike, branches off to the \nleft, and since the Ipswich Street line of cars from Boston, mentioned \n\n\nTIIF CARDNER MTSPI-M OF ART \n\n\nH2 POINTS OF INTEREST IN BROOKLINE \n\nabove, continues out through this street, \\ve will take one of them for \nthe rest of our journey in this direction. For a little way the street is \nlined with buildings more utilitarian than elegant, but soon we pass \non the left the immense and modernly complete William H. Lincoln \nSchoolhouse and enter upon a region of large and imposing estates, \nrising to either side of the road on the great pudding-stone ledges, the \ncountry rock of all this section. In two or three minutes more we \ncome face to face with the granite gatehouse of the old Brookline Res- \nervoir (fifty years ago the chief distributing basin of the Boston Water- \nworks), still in service, though its capacity is diminutive as compared \nwith reservoirs of later date or with the needs of the city. \n\nHere we will leave the car for a stroll over earless streets in Brook- \nline's choicest parts. We take Warren Street up the hill to Walnut \nStreet, the first turn to the left. On either side are handsome dwellings \nwith generous grounds, and on the far corner of Walnut Street stands \nthe fine stone church of the old First (Unitarian) Parish. A little \nway below, on Walnut Street, is the ancient Town Burying Ground, \nlying close to the sidewalk, a serene old-time inclosure encompassed \nby modern structures, with mounds and vales, rural paths and vener- \nable trees. Near the street, one of the highest of the mounds contains \nthe tombs of the Gardner and Boylston families, both prominent in \nBrookline town history. Perhaps the most eminent Boylston who lies \nhere was Dr. Zabdiel Boylston, who introduced in America the practice \nof inoculation, as the tablet's extended inscription relates. He died \nin 1766, aged 87. The slab over the Gardner tomb contains thirty \nnames, among them that of the single minuteman from Brookline \nkilled at Lexington. A near-by ancient headstone informs that the \nwidow of the Rev. Increase Mather of Boston lies buried here. \n\nReturning to Warren Street (named for the famous Boston surgeon, \nDr. John C. Warren, who owned the lands through which it winds), \nwe may continue for a mile or more between splendid estates with \nstately houses set in velvety lawns fringed with trees. At the opening \nof Dudley Street is the fine old \" Clark house,\" built early in the nine- \nteenth century, latterly the home of Frederick Law Olmsted, the noted \nlandscape architect, to whose skill a good part of the town owes much \nof its beauty. The extensive country seat beyond it, covering many- \nacres, is the Gardner place, that of the late John L. Gardner ; and \non the left hand is the beautiful Sargent place, the estate of Professor \nCharles S. Sargent, perhaps the richest in the town as regards landscape. \n\nAt Cottage Street Warren Street turns off abruptly to the right and, \nafter a somewhat erratic course, loses itself in Heath Street, which \nemerges upon Boylston Street just above the Reservoir. On the \n\n\nPOINTS OF INTEREST IN BROOKLINE 113 \n\nright-hand farther corner of Cottage Street is the unique and celebrated \nold Goddard house, whose huge chimney bears the date 1730. Its quaint \narchitecture, the old-fashioned garden which surrounds it, and the beauti- \nful trees and shrubs which form its setting, make it one of the most \nworthy memorials of Province days. Next beyond, on the Warren Street \nside, is the castlelike country house of the late Barthold Schlesinger, \nbehind noble trees and dominating a grand expanse of diversified land- \nscape. Joining this extensive estate is the equally noteworthy Winthrop \nplace, the former country seat of the late Hon. Robert C. Winthrop, \nits lands stretching to Clyde Street. A little farther along, on the \nleft, is the Lee place, long the summer home of the late Henry Lee, \na sterling Bostonian of his day ; on the right, the Augustus Lowell \nestate, — these among others; and where Warren Street ends in Heath, \nthe Theodore Lyman estate, by some authorities named as the finest of \nmodern country' seats in this region. \n\nWe skirt this beautiful place as we continue through Heath Street. \nTurning down Boylston Street to the right, we soon see on the oppo- \nsite (north) side of the way Fisher Avenue, which climbs over the hill \nof the same name on top of which are two reservoirs, one belonging to \nthe city of Boston, the other to the town of Brookline. On the lower \ncorner of Boylston Street stands the stately residence of Henry M. \nWhitney, its sides mantled in ivy. On a shaded slope, a little below, \nis the old Boylston house, occupying the site of the original homestead \nof the family, which was once almost seignorial in this town. Its head \nwas Thomas Boylston, 2d, a surgeon who settled here in 1665, and \nwhose son was the eminent Dr. Zabdiel Boylston, whose monument we \nsaw in the old burying ground. One of the daughters was the wife of \nJohn Adams and mother of the second President of the United States. \nDr. Zabdiel Boylston built the present house. During the Revolution \nit sheltered some of the patriot troops. \n\nAt Cottage Street, on our route through Warren, we might have \nturned off to the south for a walk to Jamaica Pond and Park (Boston \nCity Parks System), something more than a half mile distant; and at \nClyde Street we might have taken a stroll southwest for three quarters \nof a mile to Clyde Park, the property of the fSoston Country Club, where \nthe most fashionable racing events and golf and tennis matches here- \nabouts take place. But there is more to see in the northern part of \nthe town. \n\nAccordingly we take a car back to Village Square, changing there to \none bearing the legend \" Newton Boulevard.\" This conveys us along \nWashington Street, through the business center, past the post office, \nthe steam railroad station, — trains cross underneath the street, — the \n\n\nH4 POINTS OF INTEREST IN BROOKLINE \n\nfine granite Town Hall, and the brick Public Library building (capacity \nof this library, 75,000 volumes) on the right. We now enter upon a \nregion of ample, homelike-tooking houses, generously encompassed by \nwell-kept grounds. \n\nTo our left we see Aspinwall Hill rise sharply, its sides here and there \nshowing open patches of pleasant lawn among the tree-embowered \nestates. An occasional break in the line of front walls inclosing the \nWashington Street properties accommodates a \" path \" of steep stairs \nleading up to Gardner Road, the first of the series of streets partly \nencircling the hill. Many others there are, in sweeping curves or cres- \ncents, entering upon and continuing short bits of straight highway. The \nlandscape architects have happily avoided the mistake of trying to lay \nout a swelling hilltop in rectangles. \n\nWe may alight at Gardner Path, hedge- and vine-bordered, which will \nbring us up to the most picturesque part of Gardner Circle. To our left \nis the Blake estate, occupying part of the original Muddy River farm \nof the Rev. John Cotton, the early colonial minister of the church \nin Boston. Above, on one of the most sightly parts of the slope, stood, \nuntil within a year or two, the old Aspinwall house, shaded by fine elms. \nIts site now bears a modern mansion. Dr. William Aspinwall, who \nbuilt it in 1803, was a notable physician in his day, a minuteman from \nthe town, and a patriot all through the Revolution. His house — a \ngrand one in its period, and to its last day a dignified, ample structure — \nwas once the only dwelling on this side of the hill, and commanded the \nwhole sweep of the Charles River and the then distant town of Boston \nin its outlook. Ascending to the top of the hill, if we desire, by a sort \nof switch-back arrangement of curving and gradually rising roads, we \npass many attractive residences, mostly new, our highest point being \nreached on the S-shaped Addington Road, two hundred and forty feet \nabove sea level. From here, so far as the breaks between the rows of \napartment houses will permit, we catch glimpses of country hills to the \nsouth, and of the village at our feet ; to the north, across the Beacon \nStreet Boulevard, rises Corey Hill, two hundred and sixty feet high, \nformerly part of the extensive farm of Deacon Timothy- Corey, now \ncovered with showy modern estates. \n\nWe can descend to the boulevard in a few minutes by Addington \nPath and Winthrop Road, and take any Newton Boulevard car, west- \nbound, which will convey us shortly to Beacon Circle, directly facing \nwhich is the high embankment and gatehouse of the Chestnut Hill \nReservoir, through which flows a great part of the water supply of Bos- \nton. Here to the left is the High-Service Pumping Station, a group of \nsolid buildings of some architectural merit, especially when seen across \n\n\nPOINTS OF INTKRKST IN BKOOKLINK 115 \n\nthe beautiful expanse of waters making up the reservoir. The pumps \nare among the largest and finest of their class. \n\nFrom this point our car turns to the right through Chestnut Hill \nAvenue, along the eastern edge of the reservoir, and immediately we \nreenter Boston. To our right are various roads with English and Scotch \nnames, making up the Aberdeen District, an attractive and healthful \naddition to the city's \" sleeping room,\" lately built up in the midst of \nwhat was primeval forest and ragged ledges of pudding stone. To our \nleft, as we turn into Commonwealth Avenue, the grounds surrounding \nthe twin lakes of the reservoir have been taken by the Metropolitan \nWater Board and converted into the Reservoir Park, one of the most \nrestful and charming pleasure grounds to be found in the neighborhood \nof any great city. All around the winding outlines of the basin runs \na trim driveway, and beside it a smooth gravel footpath. On all sides \nof the lake are symmetrical knolls, covered with forest trees and the \ngreenest of turf. The banks to the water's edge are sodded and bor- \ndered with flowering shrubs; and the stonework, which in one place \ncarries the road across a natural chasm, and the great natural ledges, \nare mantled with clinging vines, and in autumn are aflame with the \ncrimson of the Ampelopsis and the Virginia creeper. On the southern \nside, close to the narrow isthmus dividing the upper from the lower \nlake, stands a classical gatehouse, and behind it Chestnut Hill rears its \nwooded mass, crowned with some attractive dwellings. A pleasant, \nshaded road winds to the hilltop, which commands a noble prospect. \n\nOur car continues along Commonwealth Avenue, which here crosses \na high ridge. To the right the view embraces a pretty stone chapel, \nthrifty truck patches sloping away from our feet, a deep, verdant valley, \nwith Strong's and Chandler's ponds nestling in its greenery. At the \nfoot of the hill below us stands the Catholic Theological Seminary of \nSt. John, a cluster of buildings imbedded in noble trees. The estate \nwhich it occupies was once an extensive country seat, known as the \nStanwood place, comprising many acres of beautiful wooded land; and \nmuch of its beauty in woodland has wisely been retained. On our left \nwe pass Kvergreen Cemetery, and beyond several handsome estates \nset well back from the street. At the foot of the hill. Lake Street, we \nreach-the boundary line of the city of Newton, and here is a little transfer \nstation, where we change to a car of the Ci'mwi'uwttilth Avenue line, \nwhich traverses the beautiful extension of the famous Boston avenue, — \nthis part called the Newton Boulevard, —leading to various sections of \nNewton and to the country town of \\Veston. \n\n\nn6 NEWTONS AND WESTON \n\n\nTHE NEWTONS AND WESTON \n\nAlong Newton Boulevard to the Newtons and Weston. From the trans- \nfer station at Lake Street (reached by all electric cars from the Subway \nor Copley Square marked \" Newton Boulevard \") our car first climbs the \nlong slope of Waban Hill, the highest of Newton's many hills,- — three \nhundred and twenty feet, — lined with modern houses whose chief \nrecommendation is the charming outlook which they enjoy. On the \nsummit, to our right, is the reservoir of the city of Newton. From this \npoint the road stretches out in graceful, sweeping curves for about five \nmiles, to the old stone bridge crossing the Charles River to Weston, \nat nearly the westernmost apex of the town. The road is practically \nperfect, — a broad, smooth driveway on either side of a turfed and \nshaded park through which the double tracks of the trolley line run, per- \nmitting of high speed. Advantage has been taken of the naturally \ndiversified configuration of the country to make the highway as pictur- \nesque as possible, and we smoothly climb lofty ridges, gayly swing down \ntheir farther slopes, wind around the shoulders of swelling knolls, and \nwhirl through shady forest depths in as much comfort and with nearly \nas much speed as the occupants of the many automobiles which find \nthis their most delightful trip out of Boston. \n\nWe pass between the villages of Newton, Newtonville, and West \nNewton on our right ; Newton Center, Newton Highlands, and Waban \non our left, and through one edge of Auburndale, which here skirts the \nriver. Our terminus is the favorite pleasure ground called Norumbega \nPark, where the trolley company has provided on the shore of the \nstream a variety of attractions for many tastes, — an open-air theater, \nan extensive menagerie, a cafe, and a large boathouse, where canoes \nand rowboats may be hired. A launch plies the river between the park \nand Wraltham, making hourly trips daily, afternoon and evening. \n\nCanoeing is the all-engrossing sport on this part of the river, and just \naround the bend to our left is the Riverside Recreation Ground. We \ncannot see it, for a high wooded promontory shuts off our view ; but \nwe may take a canoe and paddle up through the stone arch of the \nWeston Bridge, and in a few minutes we shall be in the thick of the \nfleet at Riverside, where on a pleasant afternoon or evening the water \nis often so densely covered that one might almost cross the stream by \nstepping from one canoe to another. Frequently during the summer the \nfleet parades, decorated with lanterns, bunting, and flowers, and various \nwater fetes are held at odd times. The grounds and boathouses are \nextensive and well equipped ; and near by are the houses of the Newton \nBoat Club, the Boston Canoe Club, and the Boston Athletic Association, \n\n\nNEWTONS AND WESTON 117 \n\nwhose large membership helps to swell the crowds upon the river on \nthese occasions. \n\nAs we stand at the Iftstan Bridge, looking west, the noble mass of \nDoublet Hill, with its twin summits respectively three hundred and forty \nand three hundred and sixty feet high, rises directly before us. On the \nhither slope, during 1902-1903, the forces of the Aletropolitan Water \nBoard have been busily at work, constructing an equalizing reservoir and \nthe channel leading to it, and laying the great sixty-inch mains down \nfrom the reservoir to and across the river. A thirteen-mile aqueduct, \nmuch of it tunneled through the rock, brings the water from the Sud- \nbury dam in Southboro, through Framingham, Wayland, and Weston \nto this new reservoir. The huge mains constructed during the summer \nof 1902 along the Newton Boulevard now convey the additional supply \nto the Chestnut Hill basins. \n\nFrom its summit Doublet Hill presents a fine view of the surrounding \ncountry, and its ascent is easy, either by a path through the wood or \nvia South Avenue (which forms the western continuation of Common- \nwealth Avenue through Weston and NY ay land) and Newton Street, which \nbranches off a little to the right and leads to YVeston village and the sta- \ntion of the Boston & Maine Railroad. If we take the latter course we \nshall pass the residences of many professional and business men, who \nfind Weston a quiet and healthful home. Thus far the trolley road has \nnot invaded the old town ; but the selectmen have granted a franchise \nlately to a company which proposes to build from \\Yultham, and very \nsoon the ubiquitous electric cars will be whi//ing and clanging through \nthe shady streets, so long sacred to private vehicles. \n\nTo the left of South Avenue, East Newton Street pursues a winding \ncourse to the river at Newton Lower Falls, a factory village, where one \nmay take a train for Boston if he so desires. On the way one passes \n\"Kewaydin,\" the extensive estate of Francis Blake (inventor of the \nBlake telephone transmitter), a castellated structure standing on a high, \nstone-walled bank. \n\nBut probably the most generally interesting spot to be reached by a \nshort walk from Weston Bridge is the famous Norumbega Tower, built \nby the late 1'rofessor Kben N. Ilorsford to commemorate the site of \nthe Norsemen's fort founded by I.eif F.ricson about the year 1000, as \nProfessor Ilorsford held. He elaborately carried out his identification of \nWatertown with the Vinland of the Northmen, and traced their wharves, \ncanals, docks, and walls along the river to this point, the site of their \nstronghold, where may still be seen at least the professor saw tlu-ni \nthe remains of the moat and dam which the Northmen constructed. \nOn this walk a short distant e up South Avenue we take the fuM tuin \n\n\nn8 NORTHERN NEWTONS \n\nto the right, River Street, and follow that street along the riverside for \nabout half a mile, to the mouth of Stony Brook, which divides Western \nfrom Waltham. The tower is a structure of field stone, with an inside \nstaircase giving access to a lookout at the top, and it bears a tablet \nupon which is inscribed a detailed description of the Norsemen's works \naccording to Professor Horsford's theory. \n\nHere the waters of Stony Brook are collected by a dam across the \nmouth of the narrow gorge, forming one of the reservoirs of the city of \nCambridge. Beyond it, the towering bulk of Prospect Hill, in Waltham, \ncuts off further view in this direction. We might reach Prospect Hill \nby a walk of about three miles, but it would be better to return to \nNorumbega Park and Boston. \n\nThe Northern Newtons. By way of varying our route and seeing some- \nthing of the northern Newtons, we will take a red car, which turns off \nthe boulevard at Washington Street and follows that chief thoroughfare \nof this section down the steep incline through West Newton, a conven- \nient and — away from the railroad — a pretty residential section. This \nis also the civic center of Newton, the City Hall standing near the New \nYork Central Railroad station. We pass it soon after reaching the foot \nof the hill, Washington Street swinging around to the right and hence- \nforward following the steam railroad tracks. These were depressed a few1 \nyears ago, at great expense, so as entirely to eliminate grade crossings — \nof which there were many — throughout the city. This street is the chief \nbusiness avenue all along through Newtonville to Newton, — anciently \nNewton Corner, — where our line ends and we may transfer to cars for \nother villages or for Boston, via Brighton and Commonwealth Avenue. \n\nTaking one of the latter, a ride of less than five minutes through \nTremont Street brings us to Waverley Avenue, where we alight if we \nwish to see the Eliot Monument, commemorating the first preaching to \nthe Indians by John Eliot, \" the apostle.\" It is rather a stiff climb up \nWaverley Avenue to Kenrick Street (on the left), and a few minutes' \nwalk along Kenrick Street to a lane on the right, which leads a few \nsteps down to the unique monument, — a handsome balustraded ter- \nrace, on the face of which are set tablets bearing the names of Eliot \nand his associates, and this inscription : \n\nHere at Nonantum, Oct. 28, 1646, in Waban's wigwam \n\nnear this spot, John Eliot began to preach the gospel to \n\nthe Indians. Here he founded the first Christian \n\ncommunity of Indians within the English colonies. \n\nThe view from the top of the terrace is very fine. It embraces \nmuch of the ground which we traversed on our way out from Boston, \n\n\nNKWTON AM) WKLLESLKY 119 \n\nincluding the wooded slope of \\Vaban Hill just opposite, Strong's and \nChandler's ponds in the valley to our left, and St. John's Catholic \nSeminary in its grove close beside the Boulevard. \n\nWe may, if we wish, cross over Waban Hill via Waverley and Grant \navenues, returning to Lake Street transfer station, and choose one of \ntwo or three pleasant routes back to the city. The cars via Coolidge's \nCorner and the Beacon Street boulevard will show us all the latest tri- \numphs of the builder's art in blocks and apartment houses; those via \nCommonwealth Avenue will take us swiftly over a magnificent ridge,— \nthe northwestern end of Corey Hill, — from the top of which a sweep- \ning view is had of Boston, Cambridge, and many towns beyond. The \nroad is winding and runs up hill and down dale, like its Newton pro- \nlongation ; and since it is not much built up as yet, and there are few \nintersecting streets, our speed is but little less than that of the automo- \nbiles which make this a favorite course. Kither car we may take will \nsoon bring us back to Copley Square or the Subway. \n\nNewton was originally part of Cambridge, but in 1691 was set off as Newton \nby the (Jeneral Court, its previous designation having been Little Cambridge. Its \nIndian name of Nonantum is perpetuated in one of the least attractive of its \nmany villages, — a manufacturing hamlet on the north side, separated from \nYVatertown only by the river. The area within the city limits is nearly thirteen \nthousand acres, and its contour is very diversified, a number of fine hills rising \nto heights of from two hundred to three hundred and twenty feet. The Charles \nRiver forms the meandering boundary line, separating Newton from U'atertown, \nU'altham, Weston. \\Vellesley. and Need ham, successively. The main line and \nalso the Newton Circuit branch of the New York Central Railroad traverse the \ncity and serve the various sections with a dozen stations. A number of electric \nlines, radiating mostly from the business center, — anciently Newton Corner, now \nplain Newton, — thread all sections. \n\nNEWTON AND WELLESLEY \n\nThe many trolley lines radiating from Boston to all its suburbs make \nit easy to reach widely separated places of interest in a single afternoon, \nor at most in a day. In such a trip could be included the southern \nNewtons, \\Yellesley, Natick. Needham. Wall ham. and Wateitmvn. \nThe territory embraced in these places is very extensive; but if. \ninstead of describing the wide arc of a circle including them, one \ntraverses several chords of that arc. the various points are easily and \nrapidly covered. \n\nKssaying first the southernmost of these rhords. we may take .1 Boston \n& Worcester car in Park Square, them e ride out through Hrookline \nand Newton via Bovlston Street and its continuations in Wellesley, \n\n\n120 NEWTON AND WELLESLEY \n\nalmost in a bee line to Xatick ; or \\ve may take a blue car marked \n\" Natick \" from the Subway, passing through Commonwealth Avenue \nand the Newton Boulevard to Washington Street, Newton; thence \nto the left through Auburndale and the \" Lower Falls \" to the same \ndestination. \n\nIf we choose the route last mentioned, — by the blue car marked \n\"Natick,\" — our course from the intersection of the Boulevard and \nWashington Street, in Newton, is up quite a steep rise, past the \nWoodland Park Hotel on the right, — a roomy, wooden building, in \nwide-spreading, shaded grounds. At the next street opening above \nwe get a glimpse of the large building of the Lasell Seminary, a noted \nschool for girls ; and a little farther on we cross the track of the \nNewton Circuit steam line, the Woodland station being close at our \nright. We pass attractive houses by the way, nearly all surrounded \nby generous grounds and several shaded by natural forest trees. As \nwe cross Beacon Street we pass the Newton Hospital, an excellent \nexample of the cottage type of such institutions, standing in large and \nwell-kept grounds. \n\nOur course continues in the same general direction, southwest, to \nNewton Lower Falls, a small, conventional factory village, where the \nwater power of the Charles River has been utilized to propel woolen \nmills and one or two paper mills since about 1790. An ancient burying \nground here contains the graves of Revolutionary soldiers. \n\nAt this point we cross the river and enter the town of Wellesley. For \nthe rest of our way the trolley track parallels the main line of the New \nYork Central Railroad. That part of Wellesley through which we first \npass is locally known as \" The Farms\" though the village and railroad \nstation are some distance to our right. Wellesley is by nature one of \nthe most picturesque towns in eastern Massachusetts, and its natural \nbeauties have been enhanced by the art of the landscape architect. \n\nAs we continue along Washington Street, to our left rises Maugus \nHill, three hundred feet high, on top of which is the town reservoir. \nAbout a mile from the town line we pass the neat stone IVellesley Hills \nstation of the steam railroad, which just above has made its w.ay through \na deep rock cutting in the high ledge. Above the station is the Welles- \nley High School building. Beyond is an attractive stone church (Uni- \ntarian). Nearly a mile farther, in a picturesque inclosure of ten acres, \nshaded by fine trees and bordered on its hither side by a gurgling brook \noverhung with water willows, stands the Wellesley Town Hall and Public \nLibrary building, a gift to the town by the late H. Hollis Hunnewell, \nall complete, in 1881, when the town was set off from Needham and \nincorporated (its name being taken from Mr. Hunnewell's notable estate. \n\n\nWELLESLEY 121 \n\nwhich in turn was named from Mrs Hunnewell's maternal grandfather, \nSamuel Welles, who about 1750 owned the place). The Town Hall is \nof stone, in the style of a French chateau, with porch facing the square, \nsurmounted by a clock. The library is a distinct part of the building, \nwith a separate entrance. \n\nA short distance beyond we come to Wellesley Square, where is the \nNeedham trolley line. Here carriages may be taken for a drive to \nthe Hunnewell estate, which is generously open to the public. An \nhour may profitably be given to visiting it. The grounds embrace five \nhundred acres, of which sixty acres nearest the house have a frontage \non the beautiful Lake \\Vaban, named for the Indian chief who was \nEliot's first convert. Two long avenues of fine trees extend from the \npublic way to the house, on one side of which is a vast lawn, on the \nother a French parterre, or architectural garden. Broad flights of stairs \nlead down therefrom to the parapet wall along the lake front, through \nsuccessive terraces with evergreens on either side, trimmed into various \nfanciful forms. Along the lake shore is an Italian garden, with prim \narray of formal clipped trees. Great hedges of hemlock and arbor \nvitae, fine vistas down avenues of purple beeches and white pines, \nextensive conservatories, and a graceful azalea tent, all add to the \ncharm of the place. \n\nNear by is the Robert G. Shaw estate, a picturesque mansion house \nset among fine trees and surrounded by beautiful lawns. Not faraway \n— just where the Charles A'h'fr in one of its most sinuous bends forms \nthe boundary- line between Wellesley and Dover — is the Cheney place, \ncountry seat of Mrs. B. P. Cheney, widow of a pioneer in the express \nbusiness of America and in transcontinental railroads, an estate of two \nhundred acres. The views up and down the river here enhance the \nnatural beauties of the land, which is highly diversified. The estate is \nlaid out in a mingling of lawns, flower gardens, woods, groves, meadows, \nand fields. The five great elms which surround the house, tradition \nsays, were brought from Nonantum, now Newton, and planted here by \none of the friendly Indian tribe whom Eliot taught. The lawn of six- \nteen acres, inclosed by fine hedges, is one of the noteworthy features. \n\nStill farther south — indeed almost at the southern boundary of the \ntown, where Ridge Hill, two hundred feet high, slopes to the placid \nwaters of Sabrina Pond — is the famous A'i m, of eight hun- \ndred and seventy acres. This attained most of its fume during the life- \ntime of a former owner, William Emerson Haker, who made a fortune in \nsewing machines, and who delighted in giving great fetes here on a- \nsion, providing for the amusement and mystification of his guests \\ari- \nous surprises, droll and bewildering, sumptuous feasts, and odd sports. \n\n\n122 WELLESLEY COLLEGE \n\nBut Wellesley's chief fame lies in Wellesley College, for women, which \ncrowns the rounded hilltops on the north side of Waban Lake, toward \nwhich its 300 acres of grounds gently slope. On the lake are the col- \nlege boathouses, whence on \" Float Day \" go forth the class crews of \nyoung women to show off their prowess as oarswomen before the \nadmiring gaze of relatives and friends ashore. The college is at the \nleft of Central Street, through which our car continues on its way to \nNatick. A short distance beyond the square, as we cross Blossom \nStreet, we catch the first glimpse of the buildings and pass Fiske Cot- \ntage at one of the entrances to the grounds. A little beyond, the white \ndome and low, square building of the new observatory — gift of Mrs. \nSarah E. Whitin of Whitinsville — cap a gentle hillock. As we near \nthe North Lodge, opposite, across the valley, on the crest of a fine ridge, \nstands College Hall, the main building, designed by Hammatt Billings. \nIts ground plan is a double Latin cross, and its fa9ades are broken by \nbays, pavilions, and porches, topped by towers and spires. Within, the \ngreat central hall is open to the glass roof, eighty feet above. In this \nbuilding are the college offices, the library, the original chapel, class and \nlecture rooms, and laboratories ; also dormitories and a dining-room. \n\nOther buildings are Stone Hall, gift of Mrs. Valeria G. Stone of \nMaiden, devoted to botanical work and dormitories, on another knoll \noverlooking the lake ; the Farnsworth Art Building, gift of Isaac D. \nFamsworth of Boston, on an eminence opposite College Hall ; the \nMusic Hall, the Memorial Chapel, gift of Miss Elizabeth G. and Mr. \nClement S. Houghton of Boston ; the Chemistry Building, the \" Barn,\" \nthe power house of the central heating and lighting plant, and eight \ncottages for dormitory purposes. The main avenue winds through- \nwoodland and meadow from College Hall to the East Lodge on Wash- \nington Street, the main entrance to the grounds. \n\nWellesley College was founded by the Hon. Henry F. Durant, formerly a \nconspicuous member of the Massachusetts bar, who died in Wellesley in 1881, \naged fifty-nine. The greater part of his fortune was devoted to its establishment \nas a non-sectarian institution for the purpose \" of giving to young women oppor- \ntunities for education equivalent to those usually provided in colleges for young \nmen.\" In this work he had the ardent cooperation of his wife, Mrs. Pauline \nAdeline (Fowle) Durant, who continues, since his death, her devotion to the work \nwhich jointly they planned. The college was chartered in 1871 and formally \nopened in 1875. The scheme of its founder included these features: a faculty \nof women and a selected board of trustees composed of both women and men, \nin whom the property of the college and its official control should be vested. \n\nOur car passes for nearly a mile along the northern side of the college \nestate, and at the farther end stands another lodge at its western entrance. \n\n\nNATICK AND NEEDHAM 123 \n\n\nNATICK AND NEEDHAM \n\n\\Ve continue along Central Street and soon cross the line into the \ntown of Natick. At our left rises Broad's Hill, three hundred feet \nhigh ; at our right is the railroad, close alongside. We reach Xatick \nstation in fifteen minutes from Wellesley Square. The village is chiefly \ndevoted to shoe manufacturing. Here is the Morse Institute Library, \nfounded by the bequest of Mary Ann Morse, who died in 1862. It \nwas dedicated on Christmas day, 1873. Here also is the former \nhomestead of Henry Wilson, the \" Natick cobbler,\" as he was known for \nmany years, who rose from the shoemaker's bench to the Senate of the \nUnited States and the Vice Presidency. It is a roomy, plain house of \nwood, painted white, standing back a little way from the street, under \nmajestic elms. In the square near the station is the Soldiers'1 Monument \nof the Civil War, flanked by brass siege guns. \n\nA branch trolley line runs hence to Needham, and if we desire to see \nmore relics of the Indian apostle Eliot, we may take the car to South \nNatick, only a mile and a half southeast. On the way we pass over \nCarver Hill, two hundred and eighty feet high, whence a splendid view \nof the upper Charles River country is gained. In the South Natick \nvillage center is the Eliot Oak, under which, tradition says, Eliot \npreached his first sermon to his then newly established plantation of \npraying Indians, in 1650. Here he did much of his work of translating \nthe Bible into the Indian language ; and here, in 1651, his converts built \ntheir first schoolhouse and church. Here, also, are to be seen the Eliot \nMonument, set up by the citizens in 1847, and the headstone from the \ngrave of Daniel Takawambait, the first native minister, set into a granite \nblock alongside the near-by sidewalk. The Eliot Church (Unitarian) \nis the fifth on the site of the rude structure reared by the red men. It \nis a typical New England meetinghouse of the early nineteenth century. \nIt has no connection, except byname and location, with that founded by \nEliot. \n\nSouth Natick is said to have been the original Oldtown of Harriet \nBeecher Stowe's \"Oldtown Folks.\" \n\nFrom here to Needham, about five miles, the route lies mostly through \na smiling fanning country. We cross the Charles twice within a mile, \nand at Charles River Village, which we pass midway, its waters dine \nsome paper mills. Needham is a quiet, dignified village of thr i om i-n \ntional type, with a fine new high-school building and one <>i t\\\\<> other \npublic edifices of brick. \n\nChanging here to a car for Newton, a ride of a milt- north hi ing* u* \nto Highlandville, the north village <>f Nri'dh.un. \\\\lii-ir .1 < '.nm-gir pulili. \n\n\n124 ECHO BRIDGE \n\nlibrary will soon be raised, and where are a couple of shoe factories. \nTwo miles farther, in a generally northeasterly direction, the trolley \nline again crosses the Charles River, which, since we left it at South \nNatick, has made divagations into Dover and Dedham, skirted West \nRoxbury, and has assumed a path of comparative rectitude as the \nboundary line between Needham and Newton. \n\nTHE SOUTHERN NEWTONS \n\nThe railway enters the factory village of Newton Upper Falls, and \ntraverses several rather depressing streets in the zigzags necessary for \nthe car to mount the lofty brownstone cliff through which the river cut \nits way in ages past, and at the foot of which the village nestles. \n\nIt will interest us more if we leave the car just before it crosses the \n\n\nRUSTIC BRIDGE AND CAVE, HEMLOCK GORGE \n\nbridge and take the path, plainly marked, to the left, into Hemlock Gorge, \none of the smallest but most picturesque of the Metropolitan Park Reser- \nvations. Its area is only about twenty-four acres, but it includes a wild, \nrocky chasm, through which the swift, narrow river makes its way, dense \nthickets, and a grand growth of old hemlocks towering over all. This \npark was established in 1895. At its upper end is the famous Echo \nBridge, perhaps the most photographed bit of masonry in the neighbor- \nhood of Boston. It is a finely proportioned structure, reminding one \nmuch of the noted Cabin John Bridge near Washington, though on a \nsmaller scale. It is the means by which the aqueduct from the Sudbury \nRiver crosses the Charles on its way to Boston. We may walk across it, \nenjoying the attractive outlook over the river, the falls, and the gorge. \n\n\nNKWTON CENTKR 125 \n\nand descend by the stone stairs to the bank of the stream and try the \nremarkable echoes which give the bridge its name. From the northern \nend of the bridge a narrow plank walk between two houses brings us \nout to Chestnut Street, where we may again take the car, which, sweep- \ning around the right, along the edge of the high cliff, gives a good view \nof the village at its foot. \n\nThe most direct route from Boston to Echo Bridge and Hemlock Gorge is by \na Boston & Worcester trolley car, which passes over the Back Bay, through Brook- \nline and Newton, directly to the upper end of the (iorge, where the deep, black \nwater sweeps through the narrow chasm close beside the track. Alighting here, \none can explore the reservation in a short time. By this route, also, it is a delight- \nful ride to Wellesley Hills (where the line crosses that of the Natick cars by which \nwe came out), and so on to Framingham and Worcester. \n\nContinuing a mile or so farther, in the same general direction, we \ncross the tracks of the New York Central Railroad, and also those of \nthe Boston & Worcester electric railway, at the neat and busy village \nof Newton Highlands. All about on the swelling slopes, in attractive \nmodern houses, dwell many of Boston's business men. Swinging around \nto the left into Walnut Street, our course is over a wooded eminence \nthickly studded with residences. Descending its farther slope, we pass \non our left the Gothic arched entrance of the Newton Cemetery, one of \nthe most beautiful, by nature and art, of any around Boston. A little \nfarther down we see, away to our left, the great power house of the street \nrailway system. \n\nAt the Newton Boulevard, where is a commodious waiting room, one \nmay transfer to cars for Boston or to other parts of Newton. We might \ntake a side trip hence to Newton Center via Homer Street, but the route \nis not particularly attractive ; a better way to that pretty village is \nreached by taking a Boulevard car from Boston, and changing at Centre \nStreet. This route passes the old burying ground of the town, where \nlie the first settlers, a great granite monument of modern date bearing \ntheir names. Of a later period are the graves of heroes of the French \nand Indian and Revolutionary wars, — Major General William Hull, \nBrigadier General Michael Jackson and sons, officers in the Revolu- \ntion, the son and namesake of the apostle Kliot, and others noted \nin the early annals of the town. The old first parish church formerly \nfronted this ground, and its first pastor was buried here in |66X. At \nNewton Center are many beautiful resident i-s, and on Institution Hill \nstand the buildings of the Newton Theological Institution, founded by \nthe Baptists in 1826, as a training school for the ministry. Its grounds \nare extensive, and the view in all directions is inspiring. Within the past \n\n\n126 NEWTONVILLE \n\nfew years, under the presidency of the Rev. Nathan E. Wood, D.D., \nmuch money has been added to the funds of the school, a new library, \nchapel, and dormitories have been built, and the whole hilltop has been \nlaid out in most attractive landscape style. At the foot of the hill lies \nCrystal Lake, as the former Wiswall's Pond is known. It was named \nfrom old Elder Wiswall, in whose homestead it was included. A splen- \ndid road around its shores is one of the attractions of \" the Center.\" \nThe stone Baptist church, of Romanesque architecture, is one of the \nfinest in Boston suburbs. \n\nBut our car is bound north, to Newtonville, and immediately after \ncrossing the Boulevard we pass a forest-covered hill on the left, while \nto our right is a deep, shady valley, through which brawls a swift brook \ndown rocky ridges. It is a charming section, and some of the prettiest \nhomes of the city are along this way. One famous estate which we \nsoon go by is Brooklawn, once the home of General Hull, of Revolu- \ntionary fame; since 1854 that of ex-Governor William Claflin, who has \ndispensed hospitality to many distinguished guests here. Just beyond, \non the left, is the stately High School ; on the other side, the Claftin \nSchool ; and again on the left, the attractive house and grounds of the \nNewton Club. A little farther on we come to the business center of \nNewtonville, where we cross the New York Central tracks and Wash- \nington Street. Here change may be made for Newton proper and most \nof the other villages. Soon we turn into Watertown Street and pass \nthrough the village of Nonantum, where on the left are the Nonantum \nworsted mills ; also a tiny pond, bearing the lofty title of Silver Lake. \n\nIn a few minutes, turning sharply to the right, we are in Galen \nStreet, in the small corner of Watertown lying south of the Charles, \nleading to the old bridge, a few rods long, by which we are to cross \ninto Watertown Square. \n\nAs we cross the bridge we observe granite tablets on either side. \nThese were erected by the late Professor Eben N. Horsford, one of them \nto mark his Norsemen sites, — that on the left, which is inscribed \"Out- \nlook upon the stone dam and stone-walled docks and wharves of Norum- \nbega, the seaport of the Northmen in Vineland.\" The other has this \ninscription : \" The old bridge by the mill crossed Charles River near this \nspot as early as 1641.\" \n\nWALTHAM \n\nIt is but a few steps to Watertown Square, where cars from Boston \nand Cambridge arrive by several routes, and where we change to a car \nfor Waltham. Our course all the way is along old Main Street, to the \nfoot of Prospect Hill, at the terminus of the route. Here we alight \n\n\nWALTHAM 127 \n\nand, following the plain directions on guideboards, climb, first by tne \nstreet crossing the Central Massachusetts Division of the Boston & \nMaine Railroad, and afterward by a winding path through the natural \nwoodland park which the city of \\Valtham has made of the upper part \nof the hill, to its summit. From the outlook, four hundred and eighty- \ntwo feet above sea level, — the highest eminence in the Metropolitan dis- \ntrict except the Great Blue Hill in Milton, — we may see to the north, on \na clear day, as far as Kearsarge (seventy-five miles) and several other \nmountains of southern New Hampshire ; as well as Wachusett, \\Yatatic, \nand Asnybumskit in central Massachusetts. The view embraces all the \ntowns within a radius of twenty miles or more. In taking this noble \nhill and laying it out as a reservation, the city has wisely refrained \nfrom \"fixing it up\" or making it a \"parky\" affair. Its \\\\ildness and \nnaturalness are its chief charms. \n\nReturning to Main Street, we will take a car for about a mile east, \npassing along the pleasant, shaded thoroughfare, to the Common, on \nwhich stands the Soldiers' Monument, and near which is the station of \nthe Fitchburg Division, Boston & Maine Railroad. A branch of the \ntrolley company's lines to Newton, by the Moody Street bridge, crosses \nthe Charles River just south of the Common. < )n our way down from \nProspect Hill, three or four blocks before reaching the Common, we \npass on the left a great elm on the corner of Upper Main Street and \n(irant Avenue, which bears a tablet stating that (leneral Burgoyne's \narmy halted under its branches when on the march from Saratoga to \nCambridge in 1777. \n\nThat was when Burgoyne and his men, taken prisoners at Saratoga, \nwere being escorted by their Continental captors to imprisonment on \nProspect Hill, Somerville, then a part of Charlestown. One division \nof the prisoners came this way. through Lexington; the other, via \nWeston and Newton. \n\nThe great works of the American \\Valtham Watch Company, on the \nsouth side of the river, for \\Yaltham includes in its limits <|uite a slii e \nof trans-Charles territory, attract many visitors. These are tin- most \nextensive watch-making factories in the world, and tin- buildings arc- \nnot only immense but are ornanu-nt.il in de>ign and surrounded by \nhandsome grounds adorned witli (lower beds and shrubbery. \n\nWaltham is famous also as having lx.ru the birthplace ami lifelong home of \nNathaniel Prentiss Hanks. •• the bobbin boy \" as lie was called in the il.iys of his \nearly political successes, who Ix-came, successively and rapidly. inspector in the \nBoston Custom House, member of the legislature, memlx-r of constitutional con- \nvention, congressman and speaker of the House (after a contest Listing two \nmonths and requiring one hundred and thirty-two ballots to deiiile iti, all \n\n\n128 WATERTOWN \n\nbefore he was forty ; later, governor of the state, major general of volunteers in \nthe Civil War, congressman again, and United States Marshal. \n\nOn lower Main Street, near the Watertown line, we pass on the left \nthe famous old Governor Gore house, built by Christopher Gore, friend \nof Washington, governor and senator of Massachusetts, and donor of \nthe Harvard College Library, named for him Gore Hall. It is a sightly \ndwelling, well placed on a gentle slope overlooking the street and shaded \nby majestic elms. It is of brick, and in its early days was perhaps the \nfinest of suburban residences. It is still preserved in its original char- \nacter by the family of the late Theophilus W. Walker, who for many \nyears resided here. \n\nWATERTOWN \n\nWe cross the boundary of Watertown and soon are at the village \ngreen, to the left, where the Soldiers' Monument stands, and there is \na roomy playground for the children. Just beyond, the Public Library, \na brick building with pillars in front, is perhaps the most noteworthy \npiece of modern architecture in the place. \n\nAt the square in Watertown Center, the choice of three routes \nback into Boston is open to us : via North Beacon Street, along the \nriver into Brighton and Allston ; via Arsenal Street and Western \nAvenue into Central Square, Cambridge, and across the Harvard \nBridge, by which way the Charles is crossed three times ; and via \nMount Auburn Street and Harvard Square, Cambridge. The first \nroute has little to recommend it save rather pretty river views. \n\nThe second is the proper way if one wishes to visit the United States \nArsenal, a collection of large buildings of brick, with slate roofs, inclosed \nin one hundred acres of grounds, lying between Arsenal Street and the \nriver, with a wharf and landing just below the North Beacon Street \ndrawbridge. Here is a complete equipment of machinery, heavy and \nfine, for the manufacture of artillery, projectiles, and gun carriages. \nPermission to enter and view the works is easily obtained from the \ncommandant's office. Close at hand also are the yards of the Water- \ntown Cattle Market, at the station on the steam railroad known as \nUnion Market. \n\nBut the route into Boston which contains most of historic interest, \nas well as attractiveness of surroundings, is that by Mount Auburn \nStreet, which diverges from the square to the left of the other two. \nSince we have to change cars here, it will pay us to walk a few rods \nto Marshall Street, turning up to the left to read the tablet marking \nthe site of the Marshall Fowle House, in which General Joseph Warren \n\n\nWATERTOWN 129 \n\nspent the night before the battle of Bunker Hill. James Warren, his \nsuccessor as president of the Provincial Congress, afterward occupied \nthis Fowle house, and here his wife entertained Mrs. Washington in \n1775, when on her way from Mount Vernon to Cambridge in her own \ncoach and four, with negro postilions in liveries of scarlet and white, \na guard of honor, and a military escort. There was some pomp and \ngorgeousness even in those simple and primitive republican days. \n\nNext beyond Marshall Street (left) is Common Street, one of the \nmost interesting points in our journey, for here is the old burying \nground and churchyard of the fourth meetinghouse of the First Parish. \nThe building itself was demolished in 1836, and its successor was placed \nnearer the business center of the town. In this old church, built in \n1755, were held the Boston town meetings during the Siege, and here \n— as a massive stone tablet against the fence informs — sat the Pro- \nvincial Congress from April 22 to July 19, 1775; here the \"Great and \nGeneral Court,\" or Assembly, was originated and held its sessions from \nJuly 29, 1775, to November 9, 1776, and from June 2 to 23, 1778. In \nMarch, 1776, this church was selected as the one in which to hold the \nobservance of the Boston Massacre, when the oration was delivered by \nthe Rev. Peter Thacher of Maiden, on \" The Dangerous Tendencies of \nStanding Armies in Times of Peace.\" \n\nNearly all the way to the Cambridge line we pass pleasant estates \non either side; but our next point of historic interest is at the corner \nof Grove Street, on the right, where the old burying ground, dating \nfrom 1642 and originally adjoining the first meetinghouse of the \nsettlement, lies directly on the highway, separated from it only by a \nlow wall. In the grass-grown and vine-covered grounds are ancient \ngravestones of quaint design, the earliest date being 1674. \n\nHere stands a granite obelisk, presented to the town on the one \nhundredth anniversary of the contests at Lexington and Concord by \nthe descendants of John Coolidge, the one Watertown man killed in \nthe running fight with the British flank guard near Arlington Heights. \n\nContinuing toward Cambridge we come to Belmont Street on the \nleft, from which, if we choose, we may walk through Coolidge Street \nto another of the Norse memorials marked by Professor Horsford as the \namphitheater or assembly place of those earliest discoverers. It is a \nspacious, natural, semicircular depression in the earth, its sloping sides \nbroken into six terraces or benches, thickly grass grown. \n\nReturning to Mount Auburn Street we are soon by the Mount \nAuburn station, and here we may take a train for Boston over the \nFitchburg Division of the Boston & Maine Railroad, or a trolley car \nfor the city direct, via Harvard Square, Cambridge. \n\n\n130 MILTON \n\nMILTON AND THE BLUE HILLS \n\nThe quickest way to reach Milton is by a train on the Milton branch \nof the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad, leaving the South \nStation at twenty-three minutes past each hour and reaching Milton \nstation in about twelve minutes. The pleasantest way is by trolley car \n(Ashmont and Milton) from the Subway via Mount Pleasant ; or by \nelevated train to Dudley Street terminal, thence by surface car to Grove \nHall transfer station, and changing there to a Milton car via Washington \nStreet, Dorchester, and Codman 1 lill. Taking this last-mentioned route \nwe have a particularly fine view of the harbor and islands from the \npoint near Melville Avenue, where the street passes over one shoulder \nof Mount Bowdoin. We also pass several of the pleasantest estates in \nDorchester, and the old Second Parish Church (on the left at Norfolk \nand Centre streets), dating from 1807, a typical New England meeting- \nhouse of that period. Farther on, as our route continues over Codman \nHill, past the old Codman mansion house, now a dairy farmhouse, we \nroll along under noble old trees and have a taste of real country air \nfrom the hillside, studded with buttercups in their season. \n\nAt the village known as Milton Lower Mills, though the larger part \nof it is on the Boston side of the Neponset River, the Boston street-car \nsystem ends and other lines start out, — for Dedham via Hyde Park, \nand for Brockton via Randolph, connecting at both points with lines to \nother places. Whether we have come out by steam or electricity, we \nshall want to walk about a little here. The chief industry of the village \nis the manufacture of chocolate, and the great stone-trimmed brick build- \nings of the Walter Baker Company cover a large space on both sides \nof the river and utilize its considerable water power. From the bridge \none gets a view on the left of the slight falls ; and in a rock rising above \nthe water is set a bolt bearing a tablet with an inscription recording \nthat the tide of April 16, 1851, reached the top of the bolt. This was \nthe famous high tide of the storm which destroyed the Minot's Ledge \nlighthouse, and was six feet eight and one-half inches above the average \nhigh water, here about ten feet. \n\nOnly a little way beyond the bridge, on the Milton side, — a short \nflight of steps up from the Milton steam railroad station brings us \ndirectly to it, — stands the \"Suffolk Resolves\" house, shaded by three \nvenerable English elms, which has been called the \"birthplace of Amer- \nican liberty.\" It is a two-story yellow, double house, of which one half \nis now devoted to a watchmaker's shop. Beside the pillared portico a \nmarble tablet bears an inscription in antique Roman characters, relating \nthe history of the Suffolk Resolves, which, adopted in this mansion by \n\n\nMILTON HILL 131 \n\ndelegates from the Suffolk County towns September 9, 1774, \"led the \nway to American Independence.\" \n\nAt the time of the convention the house was the mansion of Daniel Vose, \nthe great man of the section, owner of several of the industries of the town \n— his chocolate mills, founded in 1765, were the first in the colonies — and a \nzealous patriot. The convention was composed of delegates from the nineteen \ntowns then comprised in Suffolk County, which also included all now embraced \nin Norfolk County. They had held their first session in the old Woodward \nTavern at Dedham a day or two before. Paul Revere was the messenger who \ncarried the Resolves to Philadelphia. \n\nContinuing up the gentle slope of Ai/iims Street we pass several old- \ntime houses on either side of the road. One on the right, just where \nCanton and Randolph avenues branch off, was in early clays the Rising \nSun Tavern. Canton Avenue is the direct route by the (Ireat Blue Hill \nto Canton, while Randolph Avenue cuts through the Blue Hills Reserva- \ntion farther south, and continues on to Randolph and Brockton. A \nline of trolley cars (of the Old Colony system) diverging to the right \nlower down the slope, at Central Avenue, skirts the base of the hill, \npasses through Milton Center, and comes out in Randolph Avenue \nbefore reaching the Reservation, affording an easy means of arriving at \nthis great pleasure ground, — the largest of the Metropolitan system. \n\nHut there are reasons for prolonging our walk a little farther up \nMilton Hill, on Adams Street. All along the way are fine old estates \nwhich have been handed down from generation to generation of fami- \nlies noted in local — and some in national — annals. On the left side \na pleasantly situated villa is the home of Mrs. A. I). T. Whitney, \nthough her early home, in which her first works were written, was in \nMilton village. A few steps beyond, on the right, stands a house of \nmodem exterior, well back from the street, in whose fabric is incor- \nporated the historic house of Governor Hutchinson, his country seat. \nTo this house he withdrew at the time of the closing anti-tea meetings \nin the Old South Meetinghouse in Boston; and it was from this \nhouse that he started on his final voyage to England in June, 1774, \nnever, as it fell out, to return. Its situation is indeed a most pleasant \none, as he described it to George III, and the view which it commands \nacross the meadow at the foot of the hill is yet an exceptionally line \n;>rospcct. It is gratifying to observe that the great field in front, on \nthe lower side of the street, has been taken for a public reservation, as \nGm'frnor Hutchinsotfi /•»///>// Avenue, \nwhich it follows for nearly a mile before the edge of the Blue Hills Reserva- \ntion is reached. Through the Reservation it runs for nearly two miles. \nCrossing the range between Chickatawbut Hill on the left and Hancock \nHill on the right, one has a fine view over much of the chain of emi- \nnences, (treat Blue Hill, away beyond Hancock, with the weather \nobservatory and kite-flying station on its summit, being in plain sight for \na considerable distance. \n\n\nOHSKRVATOKV, CKKAT Hi.rit Hi \n\n\n134 MATTAPAN AND THE NEPONSET \n\nFrom near the \" twin churches \" Thacher Street runs northwesterly \nfor about a mile (past the site of the house built in 1689 by the Rev. \nPeter Thacher, first minister of the town) to the Blue Hill Parkway \nof the Metropolitan system, which leads into the western (or Great \nBlue) section of the Reservation. The trolley line, which runs through \nthe parkway for a short distance, then, diverging, follows Blue Hill and \nCanton avenues south to Canton and Stoughton, furnishes a speedv \nmeans of reaching the Great Blue Hill. The car leaves one at a point \nwhere an easy foot path — cut through the woods from the old bridle \npath to the summit — emerges upon Canton Avenue. \n\nIt is a pretty walk along the broad and shaded parkway to the river, \nwhich here is spanned by a new stone bridge, built by the Metropolitan \nPark Board. Crossing it we are in Mattapan, the most southwesterly \nvillage of the Dorchester District, Boston, whence we have a choice of \nways for the return journey, — street cars via Blue Hill Avenue and \nFranklin Park, trains over the Milton branch from a station close by \nthe river, or over the Midland Division, station half a mile north, at the \ncrossing of Blue Hill Avenue. The Milton branch route takes us for \ntwo or three miles alongside, and twice across, the picture sque Neponset, \nwhose shores are now protected by the Metropolitan Board, and amid \nwhose wooded nooks one catches a glimpse of a rustic footbridge and \nthe sheen of a little waterfall. \n\nQUINCY \n\nQuincy is quite easy of access either by train or trolley. By train \nfrom the South Station (Plymouth Division, New York, New Haven & \nHartford Railroad) the distance is eight miles and the fare fifteen cents. \nBy electric car from Washington and Franklin streets to Neponset \nBridge, or by the Ashmont and Milton line to Field's Comer, there \ntransferring to the Neponset car, — and from Neponset Bridge to \nQuincy, — the distance is about the same, and the fare is ten cents. \nBy either way the route is similar, — out through South Boston and \nthe bay side of the Dorchester District to the village of Neponset \nat the mouth of the river (after crossing which we are in the bounds \nof the city of Quincy), but a short distance from the station and village \nof Atlantic, after which follow Norfolk Downs, Wollaston, and Quincy \nCenter, — all within three miles. The tracks of the steam and electric \nroads run parallel and close to each other most of the way. \n\nArrived at Quincy, all the places of historic interest are within a short \nradius. Right at the square, where the trolley line connects with other \nlines for the Weymouths, Brockton, and elsewhere, and within a gunshot \n\n\nQUINCY 135 \n\nof the railroad station, stands the \" Granite Temple,\" as the present \nFirst Parish Church, built in 1828, is called, from a phrase in the will \nof John Adams, who, in leaving to the town certain granite quarries, \nenjoined upon his townsmen to build \" a temple \" to receive his remains. \nHis injunction was well obeyed. The structure, with its front Doric \npillars supporting a pediment and square tower with colonnaded belfry \ncrowned by a dome, is a good specimen of the architecture of the first \nhalf of the nineteenth century. Its interior is dignified. The mural \nmonuments here commemorate the two Presidents of the Adams family \nand their wives, and the tablets \nare to the memory of John Wheel- \nwright, the first minister, banished \nfor \" heresy \" with Coddington, \nAnne Ilutchinson, and others, \nand to other later pastors. \n\nIn the basement beneath the \nchurch are the tombs of the two \nPresidents and their wives in \ngranite sarcophagi. Application \nto the sexton and the payment \nof a modest fee prescribed by \nthe church enables the visitor to IIi)ME OF DoROTIIY Ql.,Nl v \n\ndescend into the electrically \n\nlighted vault and, through a doorway protected by a grille, to gaze upon \nthe tombs. On either side of the doorway are inscriptions on marble \ntablets. \n\nThe body of the ancient black hearse in which the remains of the \nPresidents were conveyed is also preserved in this basement in a glass \ncase. \n\nAcross the way from the church is the granite City Hall, and close \nby is the old burying ground where are the graves of the early min- \nisters of the parish, among them John Hancock, father of the famous \n\"signer\" and governor; the tombs of Dr. Leonard Hoar, third presi- \ndent of Harvard College, and his wife and mother; of Henry Adams, \nimmigrant ancestor of the Adams family; of John Ouincy Adams, in \nwhich his body was placed before removal to the church opposite; of \nthe first of the Quincys — Edmond ; and of Josiah Ouincy, Jr.. who \nat thirty-one years of age died, in 1775. on the ship which was bringing \nhim back from his mission to Kngland in behalf of the patriots. \n\nNear by, on IVashington Street, is the fine Crane Public Library, and \nnot far away, on Hancock Street, the Adams Academy, founded by a gift \nto the town in 1822 by President John Adams, and opened in 1872 — a \n\n\n'36 \n\n\nADAMS FAMILY \n\n\nclassical school of high order. On Adams Street, which diverges to the \nwest and continues through to West Quincy and Milton, stands the \nfamous Adams mansion, originally the country seat of Leonard Vassal!, \na West Indian planter and a royalist like all of his name. Sequestered \nin the Revolution, it became the home of President John Adams from \n1787 till his death. In it were celebrated his golden wedding and the \nweddings of his son, President John Quincy Adams, and of his grand- \nson, Charles Francis Adams, Sr., once minister to Great Britain. It is \nnow occupied by the great-grandson, Brooks Adams, and much of the \ninterior finish and furniture is retained. \n\nOn Hancock Street, facing Bridge Street, is the old Quincy mansion \nhouse, containing some part of the original dwelling of Edmond \n\nQuincy, built about 1634, and dating \nitself from 1705. Here was bom \nDorothy Quincy, the original of Dr. \nIlolmes's poem, \"Dorothy Q.,\" whose \ngranddaughter was the poet's mother. \nAnother Dorothy Quincy, descendant \nof the first, was the wife of John \nHancock. \n\nFrom the square, in a southeastern \ndirection, we walk or take a Brockton \ncar past the old burial ground of Christ \nChurch, Braintree (the present city of Quincy was part of Braintree from \n1640 to 1792), in whose grass-grown mounds repose many of the early \nsettlers. \n\nAt the corner of Independence Street and Franklin Avenue the car \npasses two time-stained houses standing close together, restored and \nmaintained as sacred memorials, to which the attention of more visitors \nis turned than to any other buildings in Quincy. The older and smaller \nhouse is the birthplace of John Adams. The other and larger house, \nwith the old well sweep in the back yard, is the birthplace of John Quincy \nAdams. It was presented by the present Hon. Charles Francis Adams \nto the Quincy Historical Society, which has restored it to its original \ncondition and made it a museum of historic relics. \n\nMuch of the early history of the Massachusetts Bay Colony is related \nto this old town, notably Mount Wollaston, the high ground at the next \nstation on the way into Boston. It was the \" Merrymount \" of Thomas \nMorton, whose revels with his crew of graceless roysterers and his may- \npole, set up in 1627, caused his banishment by the stern Puritan elders. \nThe zealous antiquarian might spend days in tracing out the historic \nsites and in viewing the historic mansions of Quincy. \n\n\nBIRTHPLACE OF JOHN ADAMS \n\n\nDKDHAM 137 \n\n\nDEDHAM \n\nDedham is one of the oldest of the suburban towns, and was at first \none of the most extensive. Its territory, allotted by the General Court \nin 1635 to twenty-two proprietors, who had moved hither from Water- \ntown and Roxbury a few months before, embraced nearly all of the pres- \nent Norfolk County. In August they had signed a \" town covenant \" \nbinding them to \" walk in a peaceful conversation \" and to establish \" a \nloving and comfortable society.\" The name they proposed for their \nsettlement was Contentment. The General Court, however, overruled \ntheir choice and gave the new parish the title of Dedham from the \nEnglish town whence several of the settlers had come. It is a quiet, \ndignified old town, with majestic trees shading its streets, many old man- \nsions, and picturesque river views. The Charles Rirer, with its \" Great \nBend,\" encircles the northern end of the town, and the Neponset River \nis on its eastern border. The two streams are connected by \" Mother \nBrook,\" the oldest canal in the country, dug by the enterprising colo- \nnists in 1639-1640. Several lofty hills break the surface of the town, \nand there are beautiful drives and trolley rides in several directions — \nnotably to Westwood (formerly West Dedhar , three miles from the \ncenter. The main street is High Street, running nearly east and west \nthrough the village and then turning off sharply to the southwest on \nits way to Westwood and Medway. Along this street are scattered \nmost of the historic monuments. \n\nWe reach Dedham by train over the Providence Division, New \nYork, New Haven & Hartford Railroad (though we could go in an \nelectric car from Forest Hills), and alight at the stone station, with its \nimposing clock tower, at the center of the village. One block away is \nthe granite Memorial Hall, serving the double puqjose of a town house \nand a monument to the soldiers of the town who served in the Civil \nWar. On the comer of Church Street, next above, is the low-arched \nbrick building of the Dedham Historical Society, with an interesting col- \nlection of antiquities and documents. On the right-hand side of High \nStreet, a little farther on, is the old Dr. Nathaniel Ames house, the home \nof the famous almanac maker from 177- to his death, fifty years later. \nJust beyond stood till 1X97 the Fisher Ames house, the home of \nNathaniel's distinguished brother. This is now removed to River \nPlace, and with enlargements and improvements has become the home \nof Frederick J. Stimson, author and lawyer. \n\nOn the next street at the right. Ante;: Street, is the site of the old Wood- \nward Tavern, dating from 1658, where met the Suffolk Convention in \n1774, which at its adjourned meeting in the Vose mansion at Milton \n\n\n'38 \n\n\nCOURT HOUSE AND FAIRBANKS HOUSE \n\n\nadopted the Suffolk Resolves. Just above Ames Street on High Street \nis the mansion house built in 1 795 by Judge Samuel Haven, 'in front of \nwhich are several stately English elms brought from England in 1762, \nstill vigorous and full of foliage. Opposite is the granite Court House, \nsurmounted by a dome, for Dedham is the shire town of Norfolk County. \nNext beyond the Court House is the ancient Village Green, in the \ncorner of which stands the locally famous \"Pitt's Head,\" or Pillar of \nLiberty, a square granite pedestal about two feet high, which formerly \nwas surmounted by a tall wooden column and a bust of William Pitt. \nIt was erected July 22, 1767. A bronze tablet on its eastern face, \nplaced in 1886, on the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the \ntown, gives its history. \n\nAt the upper end of the Green stands the Unitarian Church, built in \n1763, the third in succession from the original parish meetinghouse \n\nbuilt in 1638. Just across \nHigh Street is the First \nCongregational Church, also \nancient and, like the other, \nin the conventional Wren \nstyle. Along both sides of \nthe street for some distance \nare houses mostly dating \nfrom the late eighteenth and \nearly nineteenth centuries, \nvery comfortable looking, \nwith their ample lawns \nshaded by great elms. \n\nTwo objects of special historic interest are easily reached by a short \nwalk from the center. Along Eastern Avenue, which runs south from \nthe railroad station and curves around through rows of water willows to \nEast Street, is the way to the Fairbanks house, one of the oldest houses \nin the country. It was built about 1650 by Jonathan Fairbanks, to \nwhom the lands surrounding it were allotted in 1637. In 1896 it was \npurchased by Mrs. J. Amory Codman and daughter of Boston, to save it \nfrom destruction. Previous to that time it had always been owned by \na Fairbanks. In 1903 the \"Fairbanks Family in America \" being incor- \nporated, acquired the property to be kept permanently in the family as \nan historic home. \n\nThe other historic relic, only a short distance from the Fairbanks \nhouse, is the \" Avery oak.\" It is a great tree, older than the town, with \na circumference, five feet from the ground, of sixteen feet. Its owner \nat the time is said to have refused seventy dollars for it from the \n\n\n\\VINTHROP 139 \n\nbuilders of the Constitution, who desired it for timber for \" Old Iron- \nsides.\" It is still sturdy and thrifty. It has been secured for preservation \nby the Dedham Historical Society. \n\nWINTHROP AND REVERE \n\nWinthrop alone among the northern suburbs of Boston is without a \ntrolley line, and that it has none is due to the excellent service afforded \nby the Winthrop circuit of the Boston, Revere Beach & Lynn Railroad. \nThe ferry house and station of this railroad are at Rowe's Wharf, \ndirectly opposite the elevated railway station of the same name. The \nferryboats leave every fifteen minutes daily, connecting with trains at \nJeffries Point, on the East Boston side of the harbor; and the fare to \nany of the nine stations in Winthrop is but five cents. The line makes \na loop around the town, reaching every section of it, and the trains \nalternate in direction. \n\nWinthrop is an ancient settlement but a comparatively modern town. \nFor nearly a century after the first settlement its territory belonged to \nBoston, but in 1739 it became a part of Chelsea. In 1846 it was joined \nto Revere (the Rumney Marsh of early days) to form, the new town \nof North Chelsea. It became an independent town six years later, \ntaking the name of Winthrop in commemoration of Deane Winthrop, \nsixth son of Governor John Winthrop, who lived here for many \nyears in a house still preserved, and here died about 1703 or 1704, \naged 81. The first name of the hamlet was Pullen Poynt, but the \nyear 1753 saw the establishment of a codfishery station at the \nextreme eastern end, and the \"syndicate\" which promoted that \nenteq>rise rechristened the place I'oint Shirley, from the governor of \nthe Province. The fishery \"trust\" proved a failure, but Point Shirley \nwas found to be so pleasant that a number of Boston families built coun- \ntry houses here, the Hancocks among the rest. A roomy brick house \nstill standing at this point of the town, which retains the name of Point \nShirley, is by some assumed to have been John Hancock's house, but \nthis is doubtful. In later days the present Point Shirley became noted \nthrough \" Taft's,\" a hostelry famous for its fish and game dinners, now- \nonly a memory. Until about 1876 Winthrop remained a slumbrous farm- \ning town within five miles of the city across the harbor but known only \nto the few. Then it was rediscovered, and the building of the narrow- \ngauge railroad made it easy of access. With the advent of this railroad \na beach settlement was laid out, streets with nautical names were cut \nthrough, and lots were sold off. A colony of summer cottages sprang \nup in a season or two, and \" Ocean Spray \" and \" Cottage Hill \" became \n\n\n140 WINTHROP BEACH \n\nfamiliar names. In course of time substantial houses to a large extent \nreplaced the shells first erected ; a beautiful, broad boulevard, with walks \non each side, was built by the Metropolitan Parks Commission along \nthe ocean front where had been a town way known as \" The Crest \" \n(destroyed by a gale in November, 1898) ; and the old farms of the \ninland part of the town became thickly covered with residences. \n\nThe fine half-moon sweep of the Winthrop Beach, something more \nthan a half mile in length, is crowned at either end by a high bluff : that \nto the seaward, the Great Head of old, now trivially named \" Cottage \n\nHill\"; and that at the north- \nern end, Grover's Cliff, now \noccupied by Fort Heath, \na strong work, mounting \nseveral twelve-inch rifled \nguns, which was rushed to \ncompletion during the Span- \nish war. Inland a little \nway is Fort Banks, with its \nsixteen breech-loading mor- \ntars and an extensive group \n\nof buildings, sufficient for a \nWINTHROP BOULEVARD \n\nlarge army post. \n\nOn the eastern side of Crystal Bay, which almost isolates the beach \nsection from the \" old town,\" is the Winthrop Yacht Clubhouse. The \nrailroad loop crosses this bay by a long bridge with a draw at the \nchannel. One may spend an afternoon pleasantly by taking a train to \nWinthrop Center and walking over to the harbor side of the town. \nAlong Pleasant and Sargent streets and Court Park Road is probably \nthe most agreeable course, making the circuit of Court Park (so named \nin honor of Judges George B. Loring and John Lowell, who formerly \nowned the whole area now laid out in house lots), where are the \nWinthrop Golf Club's links, and continuing through Pleasant Street \nalong the harbor front to the station just beyond Main Street, taking \nhere a train to Winthrop Beach. From this point Cottage Hill may be \nclimbed for the view of the town, the bay, and the harbor. \n\nA walk along Winthrop Beach naturally follows, with the surf pounding \non the right, and off beyond it the outer island, Nahant, to the north, \nand the open sea in view, with a glimpse occasionally of a steamer \ncoming in. Near the upper end of the beach we should turn off and \npass through Neptune Avenue and Shirley Street (the latter the old \ncounty road), by the Ocean Spray station of the railroad, to the old Deane \nWinthrop house on the right, marked by a tablet. A few steps farther \n\n\nREVERE BEACH RESERVATION 141 \n\nto the intersection of Revere 'Street, and we are at the entrance of \nEort Banks, the saluting battery, the brick hospital, and the command- \nant's headquarters. We may follow Revere Street up a moderate slope \nto Summit Avenue, and taking this street to the right we shall get \nother fine views, while about us is picturesque Winthrop Highlands, as \nthis section of the town is called. It is but a few steps down the east- \nem end of Summit Avenue and along Crest Avenue (to the left) to the \nHighlands station. Here we may take the next Boston-bound train \nback to Orient Heights (as soon as we cross Belle Isle inlet we are on \nBreed's Island, the newer part of East Boston), and at this station change \nto a train passing over the main line for Crescent Beach at the lower end \nof the famous Revere Beach. On the way we pass the station at Beach- \nmont at the foot of a fine hill thickly covered with houses, the other side \nof which we have seen from Summit Avenue, \\Vinthrop Highlands. \n\nAt Crescent Beach the railroad is but a few rods back from the great \nbeach boulevard of the Metropolitan Parks System, which extends along \nthe ocean front for two miles with its splendid roadway and broad \npromenades on either side. The Revere Beach Reservation embraces \nthe whole length of the beach to the Point of Pines, at the mouth \nof Saugus River. Near the middle of its length is an ornate band \nstand, and near its northern end the great Shift Bath House (the rail- \nroad has a station just at the rear of the Bath House), from which on \nLabor Day, 1902, 8721 persons went into the water, the total for the \nseason being 113,783. The boys' bath room will accommodate five \nhundred boys at a time. All along the shore side of the boulevard are \nvarious amusement places, — the steeplechase, the roller coaster, elec- \ntric boats on a small lake, refreshment booths and restaurants, tintype \ngalleries, and all the paraphernalia of a modem seaside resort for the \npeople. Perfect order is preserved by the Metropolitan Park police. \nOn a warm afternoon and evening the visitors are numbered by scores \nof thousands, and the driving along the superb roadway makes an \ninteresting pageant. \n\nFrom the southern end of the Reservation the Revere Beach Parkway \nextends nearly five and a quarter miles west to the lower end of Med- \nford, where it joins the fell sway, leading north to the Middlesex fells. \nThe electric cars of the Boston & Northern system run through the \nturfed center of this parkway — till the Revere station of the Boston & \nMaine Railroad is reached, and there the Parkway crosses the tracks \noverhead. At the Revere station they take a more direct route via \nWinthrop Avenue and Heach Street, through Revere Center to Kenno's \nCorner, whence they turn sharply off to the left into Broadway and so \nthrough Chelsea into Boston. \n\n\nI42 CHELSEA \n\nMuch of the history of Revere has been identical with that of Win- \nthrop, as we have seen. Up to 1852, when the latter town set up for \nitself, they had been associated municipally from the very first. In 1871 \nthe name of North Chelsea was changed to Revere. With the excep- \ntion of its beach section and the bold drumlin now covered by the semi- \nsummer-resort settlement of Beachmont, it is a quiet town, still largely \ndevoted to farming, with the scattered homes of old families. On the \nway inward through Broadway, before we cross Snake or Mill Creek, \nwhich lies partly in the Parkway, we may see off to the left the old \nYeaman house, built about 1 680, a typical farmhouse of the early days, \nwith its gambrel roof and lean-to. \n\nCHELSEA \n\nWhen we cross Snake Creek we are in Chelsea, which in 1634 was \nmade a part of Boston by one of those terse, phonetic orders of the \nGeneral Court, so much more definite than the long-drawn \" acts \" of \nour modem legislatures, that \" Wynetsemt shall belong to Boston.\" \n\nChelsea has numerous attractive features. Within its limits is the \nfine curving eminence of Powderhorn Hill, which we reach on our right \nand may ascend by a direct avenue from Broadway. The spreading \nbuilding on its summit is the Massachusetts Soldiers' Home, originally \nerected for a summer hotel. From the pleasant lawn and long shaded \nverandas of this institution, where the broken soldiers of the Civil \nWar sit and smoke their pipes through the long summer afternoons, \none may look far down the harbor and well-nigh all over the city \nbelow. From the top of the old reservoir near by the view takes in \nthe Mystic marshes and the whole sweep of hills bounding the Boston \nBasin. \n\nTo the northwest of Powderhorn, and lying mostly in Everett, is \nMount Washington, reached by Washington Avenue, through which \ntrolley cars run, and to which we may cross through Summit and Win- \nthrop avenues at the west end of Powderhorn. Turning into Wash- \nington Avenue to the right, a few steps bring us to Washington Park, \nmaintained by the Chelsea Park Commission. Set into' the park wall \nis a large flat stone bearing this legend : This stone, once a doorstep of \nthe old Pratt mansion visited by Washington during the siege of Boston, \nstands opposite the barrack-grounds of Colonel Ger risk's regiment of \n\n\nAnother landmark of earlier date is the Way-Ireland house, — in later \nyears the Pratt family homestead, — in which Increase Mather was in \nhiding for a time before he sailed for England in April, 1688, as agent \n\n\nSOMERVILLE, MEDFORD, AND MALDEN 143 \n\nfor the colonists, to intercede with the king against the oppressions of \nAndros. It stands near the foot of this hill, just off Washington Avenue, \nwhich winds to the right and continues to \\Voodlawn Cemetery. \n\nReturning by a Washington Avenue car down Broadway and, if we \nchoose, into Boston through the Charlestown District, we shall cross \nthe Eastern Division of the Boston & Maine just beside the Chelsea \nstation. Near by is Union Park, in which stands the Chelsea Soldiers' \nMonument. At Bellingham Square, where we turn into Broadway, we \ntake a course directly southwest to the bridge over the Mystic into \nCharlestown. As we near the bridge we see on our right the extensive \ngrounds occupied by the United States Naval Hospital and the Marine \nHospital, the former for sick and disabled officers and men of the navy, \nthe latter for invalids of the merchant marine. The grounds are sightly, \nsloping to the river and shaded by ancient trees. \n\nOn the farther end of the tract, where the Island End River joins the \nMystic River, is the site of Samuel Maverick's fortified house, built in \n1624-1625. Maverick described it as having \"a Pillizado frlankers and \ngunnes both below and above in them which awed the Indians,\" and no \nwonder. It was here that Maverick entertained Governor Winthrop \nand his associate leaders on their first coming in 1630. Maverick \nafterward removed to N'oddle's Island, now East Boston. \n\nSOMERVILLE, MEDFORD, AND MALDEN \n\nIt is a pleasant trip to Medford, by the way of Somerville, with much \nhistoric interest. Taking an elevated train to the Sullivan Square ter- \nminal, and there changing to a Highland Avenue car, a fifteen minutes' \nride will bring us to Central Square, at the eastern end of Prospect \nHill. This hill is historic as the site of the citadel, the most formidable \nworks in the American lines during the Siege of Boston, and as the \nplace where the Union flag with its thirteen stripes was first hoisted, \nJanuary I, 1776. These facts are related upon a tablet which stands on \nthe present top of the hill, with the exception of one small point fifteen \nfeet or so lower now than at that time. On its long summit General \nPutnam made his headquarters after the battle of ({tinker Kill, and \nhere also during the winter of 1 777-1 778 were quartered the British \ntroops captured at Saratoga with Burgoyne. The point left uncut is \nnow reserved in a park, and an observatory is to be built on its summit. \n\nCentral Hill beyond, over which our car soon passes, is also associated \nwith the Revolution. Its summit is an open, parklike space, at the \neasterly end of which is observed a miniature redoubt with cannon \nmounted. This is intended to mark the site of French's Redoubt \n\n\nH4 TUFTS COLLEGE \n\nthrown up after the battle of Bunker Hill, which became a part of the \nbesieging lines of Boston. \n\nIn this highland common are grouped a series of public buildings, — \nthe City Hall, the Public Library, the High School, and the English \nHigh School. \n\nOn Winter Hill, northward, stood another Continental fort, and the \nchief one, connected with the Central Hill battery and the citadel on \nProspect Hill by a line of earthworks. Near the foot of Central Hill, \nin a well-preserved old house marked by a tablet, are seen the head- \nquarters of General Charles Lee during the Siege. Over on Spring \nHill, to the west, Lord Percy's artillery for a time covered the retreat \nof his tired infantry on that memorable igth of April. On Willow \nAvenue near Davis Square, West Somerville, a tablet records a shaqj \nfight at this point, and marks graves of British soldiers here. \n\nAt Davis Square we leave the car and walk through Elm Street, \nwhich curves to the right, to the junction of College Avenue, Broadway, \nand Powderhouse Avenue. Here, in a little park, stands the picturesque \nas well as historic Old Powder House, a tower with conical top, thirty feet \nhigh and about twenty feet in diameter at the ground, with thick walls \nof brick, and barred doorway and window. \n\nIt was first a mill, built about 1703-1704, and became a Province powder house \nin 1747. On September i, 1774, General Gage seized the 250 half-barrels of gun- \npowder stored within it and thereby provoked the great assembly of the following \nday on Cambridge Common. In 1775 it became the magazine of the American \narmy besieging Boston. \n\nTo the northwest from this park it is but a few minutes' walk through \nCollege Avenue to the pleasant grounds of Tufts College, which covers \nnearly all of College Hill and commands a wide and charming prospect \nof the surrounding country. Just beyond the railroad station (South- \nern Division, Boston & Maine) we enter Professors Row, which follows \nthe curve of the hill to the left, and pass the houses of President \nCapen and others of the faculty ; also Metcalf Hall, a dormitory for \nwomen students. To the right, on the crest of the hill, reached by a \nbroad walk under lofty elms, stand the chief buildings of the college : \nBallon Hall, the oldest ; the noteworthy Goddard Chapel, of stone, with \na hundred-foot campanile ; the Barnum Museum of Natural History, \nbuilt and endowed by the famous showman and containing among \nother things the skeleton of the great elephant Jumbo; the Goddard \nGymnasium ; East and West Halls, dormitories ; the Library and the \ntwo Divinity School buildings, Miner Hall and Paige Hall. On the other \nside of College Avenue, near the entrance by which we came, are the \n\n\nWINCHESTER 145 \n\nCommons building, the Chemical Building, and the Bromfield-Pearson \nSchool ; these last two being part of the technical school plant. \n\nFrom the college grounds it is a pleasant walk to Main Street, Medford, \nthrough College Avenue and Stearns Street. On Main Street, between \nGeorge and Royall Streets, we come upon a most interesting relic of \nProvincial days. This is the Royall mansion house, built by Colonel \nIsaac Royall in 1738. An earlier house on its site, erected before 1690 \nit is said, was utilized in its construction. A building at one side was \noriginally the slave quarters, the only structure of its kind remaining in \nMassachusetts. In 1775 the mansion was the headquarters of Stark 's \ndivision of the Continental army. It is now occupied by the Sarah \nHradlee Fulton Chapter, I). A. R., and is open to visitors fora modest fee. \n\nAnother relic of an earlier period cherished here is the Craddock \nhouse, said to date from 1634, and so entitled to the distinction of \nbeing the oldest existing house in the country. It stands some distance \ndown the Mystic River side, on Riverside Avenue, toward East Medford. \nOpposite it, on the other side of the river, — the Somerville (Winter \nHill) side, — lay Governor Winthrop's Ten Hills Farm. \n\nIn Medford Square electric cars can be taken for Maiden, Melrose, \nand Everett in one direction, and for Winchester, Woburn, and Lowell \nin another. Forest Street is a Medford entrance to the Middlesex Fells. \n\nAcross to Maiden is an agreeable ride. The route passes the Mid- \ndlesex Fells Parkway, a Maiden entrance to the southeasterly section \nof the Fells, the most romantic part of the Reservation. As it nears \nthe finish the parkway widens into Fellsmere, a small park with pleas- \ning landscape features. In Maiden Center is the Public Library and \nArt Gallery, noteworthy as one of the best examples of the work of \nthe architect II. II. Richardson in public buildings. \n\nWINCHESTER \n\nWinchester, which touches the western side of the Fells, is one of the \nmost picturesque towns of the metropolitan region. Its natural beauty \nin wooded hill and vale, river and lake (the Mystic ponds), is unusual, \nand this has been to a great extent worthily retained in the building up \nof the town. It is next to Brookline, perhaps, in richness of possessions \nand as a favored residential place for substantial business and profes- \nsional men of Hoston. It has a few large country seats, some old time \nfamily mansions, and a great variety of tasteful houses of modem build. \nIt is connected with Medford and Arlington by elei trie lines, and so \nwith Hoston; but the more direct connection is by railroad (Hoston & \nMaine, North Station). \n\n\n146 PUBLIC PARKS \n\n\nIII. PUBLIC PARKS \n\nBOSTON CITY SYSTEM \n\nBoston Common, 48? acres. Central District. Bounded by Tremont, \nPark, Beacon, Charles, and Boylston streets. \n\nPublic Garden, 24^- acres. Edge of Back Bay District. Bounded by \nCharles, Beacon, Arlington, and Boylston streets. \n\nCommonwealth Avenue Parkway. Back Bay District, middle of Com- \nmonwealth Avenue from Arlington Street to entrance of Back \nBay Fens. \n\nBack Bay Fens, 115 acres. Back Bay District, from the Charles River \nto beginning of Riverway. Reached by any Beacon Street car, \nalighting at Charlesgate ; or from Massachusetts Avenue at Com- \nmonwealth Avenue by a walk of three minutes. \n\nRiverway, 40 acres. Back Bay District and boundary between Boston \nand Brookline. Reached by Huntington Avenue car, alighting at \nTremont entrance, near the Gardner Museum ; or by same car at \nLeverett Park ; or ]y Ipswich Street and Brookline Avenue car, \nalighting at Audubon Road. \n\nLeverett Park, 60 acres. Joins Riverway on the south. Boundary \nbetween Roxbury District and Brookline. Reached by Hunting- \nton Avenue car or by any Brookline Village car (two minutes' walk \nfrom Village Square). (This park included in Olmsted Park, 1903.) \n\nJamaicaway. (Now also part of Olmsted Park.) Connects Leverett \nPark with Jamaica Park. Mostly in West Roxbury District. Walk \nof three quarters of a mile from Huntington Avenue car. \n\nJamaica Park, 120 acres. (Now included in Olmsted Park.) Jamaica \nPlain, West Roxbury District. Jamaica Pond occupies most of its \narea. Reached by Jamaica Plain car from the Subway (and short \nwalk), or by train on Providence Division, New York, New Haven \n& Hartford Railroad, to Jamaica Plain station, and thence by a \nwalk of ten minutes via Green, Myrtle, and Pond streets. \n\nArborway, 36 acres. Connecting Jamaica Park with the Arnold Arbore- \ntum, and the latter, in turn, with Franklin Park. \n\nArnold Arboretum and Bussey Park, 223 acres. West Roxbury District, \ncontinuing the system southward from Jamaica Park. Fine trees \nand shrubs. Reached most conveniently by train on Providence \nDivision, New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad, to Forest \nHills station ; or by street car to Forest Hills, either via Jamaica \n\n\nPUBLIC PARKS 147 \n\nPlain (from Subway), or via elevated train to Dudley Street terminal, \nand then by surface car via Washington Street to Forest Hills. \nWest Roxbury Parkway, 150 acres. West Roxbury District, connect- \ning the Arnold Arboretum with the Stony Brook Reservation of \nthe Metropolitan Parks System. \n\nFranklin Park, 527 acres. Between Roxbury, West Roxbury, and \nDorchester districts. Reached by Cross-Town car to drove Hall \ntransfer station, and thence by Blue Hill Avenue car to main \nentrance opposite Columbia Road; or by elevated train to Dudley \nStreet terminal, thence by surface car to Grove Hall transfer sta- \ntion, and Blue Hill Avenue car, as above. From the entrance \nwagonettes take parties of visitors around an extensive tour of the \npark for twenty-fhe cents each. \n\nFranklin Field, 77 acres. Dorchester District. Its nearest corner is \nseparated from one corner of Franklin Park only by Blue Hill \nAvenue, cars traversing that avenue being the direct way to it. \nChiefly used for baseball and other outdoor sports. \nDorchester Park, 26 acres. Near Milton Lower Mills, Dorchester Dis- \ntrict. A natural park, very rocky and thickly wooded. Directly- \nreached by any Ashmont and Milton car. The pleasantest way is \nvia Grove Hall transfer station, Washington Street, and Codman \nHill, Dorchester. \nDorchesterway, 6 acres. Dorchester District, connecting Franklin \n\nPark and the Strandway, via Columbia Road. \nStrandway, 260 acres. South Boston. Borders the shore of Old \n\nHarbor, extending to the Marine Park at City Point. \nMarine Park (including Castle Island), 288 acres. South Boston. Bath- \ning beach with city bath house ; long pier extending out into the \nharbor, with drawbridge connecting it with Castle Island (here is \nFort Independence, now disused) and a breakwater opposite, form- \ning a pleasure bay for small boats. Reached by South Boston car \nfrom Washington Street or from Park Square. \n\nWood Island Park, 211 acres. Harbor side of East Boston, toward \nGovernor's Island. Public bathing houses, gymnasiums, and out- \ndoor sports of various kinds. Attractive landscape architecture. \nReached by train on Boston, Revere Beach & Lynn Railroad, every \nfifteen minutes, from Rowe's Wharf (elevated railway station \nopposite) to Wood Island station. \nCharlestown Heights, 10 acres. Charlestown District. Summit of \n\nBunker Hill, overlooking the Mystic River. \n\nNorth End Beach and Copp's Hill Terraces, 7 acres. North End. \nBathing beach and playground for children. Reached by Atlantic \n\n\n148 METROPOLITAN SYSTEM \n\nAvenue elevated train to Battery Street station, or by East Bos- \nton or Chelsea Ferry surface car to Atlantic Avenue (short walk). \nJust above the terraces is the historic Copp's Hill Burying Ground. \n\nCharlesbank, 10 acres. West End. Lies along the Charles River from \nCraigie's Bridge to West Boston Bridge. Open-air gymnasium and \nplaygrounds. Attractively laid out and affording fine views of the \nlower Charles. Reached most conveniently by Cambridge car from \nPark Square via Charles Street, or from Bowdoin Square. \n\nRogers Park, 69 acres. Brighton District. Reached by Newton car \nvia Allston and Brighton, alighting at Lake Street (short walk). \n\nChestnut Hill Park, 42 acres. Brighton District. Surrounding the \nChestnut Hill Reservoir. Beautiful grounds, trees, and shrubs; \nfine driveway and footpath ; woods and rocks. Reached by New- \nton Boulevard car to Lake Street transfer station ; also by Reservoir \ncars to end of route (short walk). \n\nBesides the city parks mentioned above there are many public pleas- \nure grounds in various parts of the city which are not under the juris- \ndiction of the Boston Park Commissioners but under that of the \nsuperintendent of public grounds. The Common and Public Garden, \nindeed, belong to his domain, but as an essential and initial part of the \npark system they are included in the above table. \n\nA number of playgrounds, provided with simple outdoor gymnastic \napparatus and with ball grounds and tennis courts laid out, are provided \nin several sections of the municipality, and are fully improved during the \nopen months. \n\nMETROPOLITAN SYSTEM \n\nNantasket Beach Reservation, 24.51 acres. Hull. Splendid bathing. \nReached by Nantasket steamer from Rowe's Wharf (Atlantic \nAvenue elevated station opposite), or by train on New York, New \nHaven & Hartford Railroad to Nantasket Junction ; thence by \nNantasket Branch (electric) to the beach. \n\nQuincy Shore, 37.97 acres. Quincy. Along the shore of Quincy Bay. \n\nBlue Hills Reservation, 4857.96 acres. Milton, Quincy, Braintree, \nRandolph, and Canton. Includes the higher portion of the Blue \nHill range. Wild rocky heights ; widespreading views in all direc- \ntions. Reached by train on the Milton Branch, New York, New \nHaven & Hartford Railroad, to Milton ; then by trolley car for \nBrockton, via Randolph Avenue, to the edge of the Reservation. \n\nNeponset River Banks, 926.41 acres. Boston, Hyde Park, Dedham, \nWest-wood, Milton, and Canton. \n\n\nMETROPOLITAN SYSTEM \n\n\n149 \n\n\nStony Brook Reservation, 463.72 acres. Boston and Hyde Park. \nDensely wooded hills; Muddy Pond; fine driveways. Reached by \ntrolley car for Dedham from Forest Hills. \n\nCharles River Banks, 563.20 acres. Boston, Cambridge, Watertown, \nWaltham, Weston, Newton, and Wellesley. \n\nBeaver Brook and Waverley Oaks Reservation, 58.35 acres. Belmont \nand Waltham. Contains the famous old oak trees and a pictur- \nesque brook (subject of Lowell's \" Beaver Brook \"), with ponds and \nwaterfall. Reached by Waverley car from Subway or by train on \nBoston & Maine Railroad (Fitchburg or Central Massachusetts divi- \nsions) to Waverley station (short walk). \n\nHemlock Gorge Reservation, 23.10 acres. Newton and Needham. The \nCharles River cuts its \nway here through a \nnarrow, deep gorge \nshaded with fine old \ntrees. Echo Bridge \nis across the river \nabove the gorge, — a \nsymmetrical piece of \nmasonry, with a won- \nderful echo beneath \nit. Reached by car \nvia Newton, or by XANTASKET BHAUI \n\nBoston & Worcester \n\n(electric) car via Boylston Street, Brookline ; also by train (Newton \nCircuit, New York Central) to Newton Upper Falls. \n\nMiddlesex Fells, 1882.95 acres. Maiden, Melrose, Stoneham, Medford, \nand Winchester. Beautifully diversified scenery, — hills, ponds, \nbrooks, ledges, and forest ; splendid walks and drives. Reached \nby elevated train to Sullivan Square terminal, thence by surface car \nto Maiden, or to Medford, or to Winchester via Medford, or to Mel- \nrose ; or by train on Boston & Maine Railroad (Western Division) to \nWyoming Station. \n\nMystic River Banks, 280.44 acres. Somerville, Medford, and Arlington \n\nWinthrop Shore Reservation, 16.73 acres. Winthrop extends along \nthe ocean front for about a mile. A broad boulevard with side- \nwalks on both sides. Fine views of the ocean. Nahant, and the \nouter islands. Readied by train every fifteen minutes on Win- \nthrop Branch, Boston, Revere Beach & Lynn Railroad, from \nHowe's Wharf (elevated railway station opposite) to Winthrop \nBeach, Shirley, or Ocean Spray stations. \n\n\nMETROPOLITAN SYSTEM \n\n\nRevere Beach Reservation, 67.44 acres. Revere. A broad boulevard \nwith walks extending along the ocean for about two miles. State \nbath house, band stand, refreshment houses, and a great variety of \namusements. The beach superb and the bathing excellent. Reached \nby train every fifteen minutes on the main line of the Boston, Revere \nBeach & Lynn Railroad from Rowe's Wharf, or by trolley car from \nthe Subway (Scollay Square, Adams Square, or Haymarket Square \n\nstations), via Charlestown, \nChelsea, and Revere. \nKing's Beach and Lynn Shore \nReservation, 10.81 acres. \nSwampscott and Lynn. \nAlong the ocean front of the \nnorthern part of Lynn and \nthe southern shore of \nSwampscott. Reached by \ntrains to Lynn and trolley \ncars for Swampscott through \nOcean Street. \n\nLynn Woods, Free Public Forest, \n2000 acres. Comprising \nwoodland of great natural \nbeauty, maintained by the \nLynn Park Commission. \nThe second largest munici- \npal pleasure ground in the \nUnited States. Three main \nentrances: one to the Great \nWoods Road ; second, to \nRUSTIC BRIDGE AND WATERFALL, Dungeon Rock, on Wal- \n\nMIDDLKSEX FULLS nut Street — both these \n\nreached by electric cars \n\nproperly marked, from the square in Lynn at the central railroad \nstation ; the third or western entrance, from the old Reading road \nto Walden Pond — most convenient for carriages and bicycles from \nBoston and suburbs. \n\nHart's Hill, 23.9 acres. Wakefield. Reached by trains on Boston & \nMaine Railroad (\\Vestern Division) to Wakefield, or by trolley car \nfrom Sullivan Square terminal of the elevated railway via Maiden \nand Melrose. \n\n\nPARKWAYS 151 \n\nSovernor Hutchinson Field. Milton. Part of the estate of the royal \ngovernor in the years immediately preceding the Revolution. Fine \nview of the Neponset Rive< and its meadows, Boston city and \nharbor, and Massachusetts Bay. Reached by train or trolley car \nto Milton Lower Mills, and walk of ten minutes through Adams \nStreet. \n\nPARKWAYS \n\nFurnace Brook, 3.326 miles in length. Quincy. \n\nBlue Hills, 2.280 miles. Boston and Milton. \n\nNeponset River, 1.120 miles. Hyde Park and Milton. \n\nWest Roxbury, 1.510 miles. Boston, West Roxbury District. \n\nFresh Pond, .520 mile. Cambridge. \n\nMiddlesex Fells, 4.605 miles. Maiden, Medford, Somerville. \n\nMystic Valley, 2.900 miles. Medford, Winchester. \n\nRevere Beach, 5.240 miles. Revere, Chelsea, Everett, Medford \n\nLynnway, .690 mile. Revere, Lynn. \n\nNahant Beach, 2.230 miles. Nahant. \n\n\n152 ARLINGTON \n\nIV. DAY TRIPS FROM BOSTON \n\nLEXINGTON AND CONCORD \n\nLexington is reached from Boston by electric car via Arlington, or by- \ntrain, Boston & Maine Railroad, North Station. Concord is also reached \nby both electric and steam cars. To include both places in a single trip \nthere is a choice of routes : one wholly by trolley car, another partly by \ntrolley and partly by steam car (from Lexington to Concord), a third \nwholly by train. The route wholly by electrics is by an Arlington \nHeights car, passing along Massachusetts Avenue through Cambridge \nand Arlington, to the Lexington town line ; thence by a Boston and Lex- \nington electric car, through East Lexington to Lexington Center, by the \nhistoric green ; thence to Concord by way of Bedford, finishing in the \nmain square of the town. To reach Concord directly from Boston \nthe usual and by far the quickest way is to take the steam railroad. \nThere are two routes, — one by the Fitchburg Division of the Boston & \nMaine, the other by the Southern Division, the latter being the line \nwhich comes through Lexington. \n\nThe trolley-car route to Lexington passes numerous historic points in \n\nArlington (the early Menotomy, later West Cambridge), all associated \nwith the affair of the igth of April, 1775. Before the town line is \nreached the visitor must needs be on the lookout for tablets. In \nNorth Cambridge (Cambridge station on the near-by railroad) is the first \none. This stands just above the church beyond \" Porter's,\" the old \nhotel, a relic of past days. It marks a point where four Americans were \nkilled by British soldiers on the retreat. Two miles and more beyond, \nafter a brick car house is passed and the railroad crossed, the next tab- \nlet may be seen, on the right side of the road. This marks the site of \nthe Black Horse Tavern, where three members of the Committee of \nSafety of 1775 — Colonel Azor Orne, Colonel Jeremiah Lee, and \nElbridge Gerry of Marblehead — were spending the night of the i8th \nof April, and barely escaped capture by the British soldiers on the \nmarch out to Lexington and Concord. \n\nNearing the town center, the Arlington House is marked, \"Here \nstood Cooper's Tavern, in which Jabez \\Vyman and Jason Winship were \nkilled by the British, April 19, 1775.\" A little way beyond this tavern, \nat the right, is Mystic Street, down which, a hundred yards from the \navenue, is a tablet inscribed with this marvelous tale : \" Near this spot \nSamuel Whittemore, then eighty years old, killed three British soldiers \n\n\nEAST LEXINGTON 153 \n\nApril 19, 1775. He was shot, bayonetted, beaten, and left for dead, \nbut recovered and lived to be ninety-eight years of age.\" At the junc- \ntion of the avenue and Pleasant Street, in front of the church green, a \ntablet records that \"at this spot on April igth, 1775, the old men of \nMenotomy captured a convoy of English soldiers with supplies, on its \nway to join the British at Lexington.\" Behind the church on Pleasant \nStreet is the old burying ground where a number who fell in the fight \nduring the British retreat were buried. Farther down Pleasant Street, \non the borders of fair Spy Pond, is the home of John T. Trowbridge, \nauthor and poet. On the avenue again, above the church green, is the \nfine Robbins Memorial Library, and a little beyond this, near the comer \nof Jason Street, another tablet appears, identifying the \" site of the house \nof Jason Russell, where he and eleven others were captured, disarmed \nand killed by the retreating British.\" Farther along on the plain near- \ning Arlington I leights are two or three old houses which suffered damage \nin the fight. At the top of the incline the \"Foot of the Rocks\" as this \npoint was called at the time of the Revolution, is reached. To the left \na road leads up to \"the Heights,\" from which a beautiful view is to \nbe had. \n\nThe car stables close to the Lexington line are only a little way \nbeyond. Here the change is made to the Lexington car a few steps \nabove. \n\nEast Lexington, or the East Village as it used to be called, is now a \ntranquil hamlet, with an old-fashioned store or two, some comfortable- \nlooking houses along the main avenue, a few memorials of the British \ninvasion, and a little church in which Emerson occasionally preached \n(the octagonal structure on the right side of the avenue, known as the \nPollen Church, from C'harles Follen, the German scholar, its minister, \nwho was lost in the burning of the steamer Lexington on Long Island \nSound in 1840). At the junction of the avenue and Pleasant Street is \na tablet set up beside a drinking fount, which marks the point where \nthe first armed man of the Revolution was taken, — only to rearm him- \nself and fight later on Lexington Green. He was Benjamin Wellington, \na minuteman. A short distance beyond is a plain white house, on the \nright side, upon which is a tablet identifying it as the \" home of Jonathan \nHarrington, the last survivor of the Battle of Lexington.\" This, how- \never, was not the place where Jonathan lived at the time of the fight. \nHe was a boy then (a fifer to the minutemen) and lived with his father, \nanother Jonathan Harrington, whose house also is standing, a little \nfarther on, at the corner of Maple Street. In the sidewalk in front of \nthe latter house is one of the largest t-lms in New England. One \nday in 1753 the elder Jonathan drove an ox team to Salem, and on \n\n\n'54 \n\n\nLEXINGTON \n\n\nthe way back he pulled up an elm shoot to brush the flies off the \noxen. When he got home he set it out, and this great tree has grown \nfrom it. \n\nLexington. After passing the rural station of Munroe's, on the rail- \nroad, the first object of interest, and a worthy one, is Munroe's Tavern, \nstanding on an elm-shaded knoll at the left of the avenue. On its face \nis a tablet thus inscribed: \"Earl Percy's headquarters and hospital, \nApril 19, 1775. The Munroe Tavern built 1695.\" Percy occupied the \nroom on the left of the entrance door, and this was made the temporary \nhospital. The room on the right was the taproom, where the soldiers \nwere freely supplied with liquor. \n\nWhen the retreat began some of the soldiers discharged their guns, killing \n\nJohn Raymond, who had served them and who was trying to escape through \n\na back door. A bullet \nhole made by one of the \nBritish musket balls is \nstill seen in the ceiling \nof this room. The \ndeparting soldiers also \nstarted a fire in the \ntavern, but it was put \nout. In the southeast \npart of the second story \nwas the tavern dining \nroom, and here Wash- \nington dined in Novem- \nber, 1789, when on his \nlast journey through \n\nNew England. This house was much larger then, with spreading outbuildings. \n\nAbandoned as a tavern years ago, it has been preserved as a memorial of the \n\nRevolution. \n\nAs the town center is approached historic sites multiply. The hill on \nthe left is marked as the point where one of the British fieldpieces was \nplanted to command the village and its approaches. Near it, we are \ninformed by the same tablet, \" several buildings were burned.\" A little \nway beyond Bloomfield Street, at the left, is about the point where \nPercy met Smith's retreating force, and at the right, in front of the \nHigh School, a granite cannon marks the spot where he planted a field- \npiece to cover the retreat. \n\nArrived at Lexington Green, — the Common where the \"battle\" \noccurred, — the visitor will find e'very point of importance designated \nby a monument or tablet. Thus at the lower end is the stone pulpit \nmarking the site of the first three meetinghouses, a \" spot identified \n\n\nLEXINGTON 155 \n\nwith the town's history for one hundred and fifty years.\" Near by is a \nbronze statue of a yeoman with gun in hand standing on a heap of \nrocks. Where the mjnutemen were lined up is indicated by a bowlder \ninscribed with the words of Captain Parker: \" Stand your ground. Don't \nfire unless fired upon, but if they mean to have a war, let it begin here.\" \nOn the west side of the ground is the old stone monument, now in a \nbeautiful mantle of ivy, which the State erected in 1799, and for which \nthe patriot minister of Lexington, Jonas Clarke, wrote the oratorical \ninscription. In a stone vault back of it are deposited the remains of \nthose who fell in the engagement, which were removed to this place \nfrom their common grave in the village burying ground. With the \nmodern houses about the green are three which were standing at the \ntime of the battle. On the north side is a house in an old garden \nwhich was the Buckman Tavern, \"a rendezvous of the minutemen, a \nmark for British bullets,\" as the tablet on its face states. On the \nsouth side a plain white house bears the legend, \" A witness of the \nbattle.\" On the west side, at the corner of Bedford Street, is a \nhouse in which lived Jonathan Harrington, who, \"wounded on the \nCommon \" in the engagement, \" dragged himself to the door and died \nat his wife's feet.\" A few steps from the Unitarian Church, on this \nside, is a lane with a bowlder at its corner marked \" Ye Old Burying- \nGround 1690.\" Among the many quaintly inscribed gravestones here \nare the tombs of the ministers John Hancock, grandfather of Gov- \nernor John Hancock, and Jonas Clarke, and monuments to Captain \nParker of the minutemen and Governor William Eustis, who was \na student with General Joseph Warren and served as a surgeon at \nBunker Hill and through the war. He was governor of the State \nin 1 82;,- 1825. \n\nOn Hancock Street is the historic Hancock-Clarke house (moved \nfrom its original site on the opposite side of the way), the home of the \nministers, first Hancock and then Clarke. Here _/<>^« HaiiiOfk and \nSamuel Adams were stopping the night before the battle, and were \nroused at midnight from their sleep by Paul Kevere, when they were \ntaken by their guard to Captain James Reed's in Burlington. The \nvenerable house is now a museum of Revolutionary relics. In the \nTown Hall, below the green, are the Memorial Hall and Carey Public \nLibrary, in which is a larger museum of relics, with numerous portraits, \nold prints, and Major Piu aim's pistols, captured during the retreat. \nHere are statues of The Minuteman of '75 ; The 1'nion Soldier; John \nHancock, by Thomas R. Gould; and Samuel Adams, by Martin \nMilinore. In the public hall above is a line painting of the Battle of \nLexington by Henry Sandhaiu. \n\n\n'56 \n\n\nCONCORD \n\n\nVavernf Church where Provincial \n\n\nWTaltham Street, opening directly opposite the Town Hall, leads \ntoward the birthplace of Theodore Parker, in Spring Street, about two \n\nmiles distant. \n\nConcord. The heart \nof the town is the \nsquare in the center, \n\n^Barret .-'SLEEPY \\ where the most con- \n\" spicuous object is \nthe \n\nUnitarian Church, \ndestroyed by fire in \n1900, and wisely re- \nbuilt on the old simple \nand dignified lines. \n\n\na still older meeting- \nhouse where the Pro- \nvincial Congress sat. \nNext to it is the \nCONCORD Wright Tavern, \n\ndating from i 747. \n\nHere Major Pitcaim drank his toddy on the day of the fight. \nTaking the Lexington road from the square we pass, first, the \nConcord Antiquarian Society's house, full of relics and old furniture, \n\nand, a little farther, on a road diverging to the right, \n\nThe Emerson house, where Ralph Waldo Emerson lived the greater \n\npart of his life and where he died. His study is preserved as he left \n\nit. The house is now \n\noccupied by his daughter, \n\nMiss Fallen Kmerson. \n\nReturning to Lexington \n\nStreet and proceeding \n\nabout a quarter of a mile, \n\nwe come to \n\nThe School of Philosophy \n\nand Alcott house. The \n\nunpainted, chapel-like \n\nbuilding was the home of \n\nthe school, and the house \n\nnear it was the \"Orchard House,\" in which the Alcott family lived for \n\ntwenty years. Here Louisa M. Alcott wrote \"Little Women,\" which \n\nturned the tide in the family's fortunes. Just beyond, under the hill, is \n\n\nTHE AI.COTT H< \n\n\nCONCORD \n\n\n'57 \n\n\nThe Wayside, also occupied at one time by the Alcotts, but better \nknown as the home of Hawthorne after the return from Europe. Here \nthe family were living at the time of Hawthorne's sudden death in New \nHampshire. \"Hawthorne's Walk\" is on the crest of the ridge that \nrises abruptly behind the house. Returning to the square, we ascend, \non the right, the old \n\nHillside Burying Ground. Here are historic graves, including those \nof Emerson's grandfather and Major John Buttrick, who led the fight \nat the Old North Bridge; and some unique epitaphs, especially that of \nJohn Jack, the slave. The church \nnear this burying ground is now a \nCatholic church, and turning the \ncorner of the lane on which it \nstands, we soon come to \n\nSleepy Hollo-,v Cemetery. Here, \non a high ridge beyond the beauti- \nful hollow which gives the ceme- \ntery its name, are, in proximity, the \ngraves of Hawthorne, of Emerson, \nof Thoreau, of Louisa M. Alcott \nand her father. Near the foot of \nthis slope should not be over- \nlooked the Hoar family lot and \nthe beautiful epitaphs placed by \nthe late Judge Hoar upon the \nmonuments to his father, Samuel \nHoar, and to his brother, Edward \nHoar. The exquisitely appropri- \nate inscription on the Soldiers' \nMonument in the square was also KATII.B MONUMKNT \n\nwritten by Judge Hoar. Return- \ning once more to the square, and proceeding thence on Monument \nStreet for about half or three quarters of a mile, \n\nThe Old Aftinst, where Emerson wrote \"Nature,\" and Hawthorne \nlived for a time, is seen on the left, standing back from the road. \nThe study of both Emerson and Hawthorne was a small room at the \nback of the second floor. This house was built ten years before the \nbattle at the bridge close by, and was for many generations the house of \nthe minister of the village. A little this side of it is the home of Judge \nKeyes, which dates from before the Revolution, and in the ell of which \nmay still be seen the hole through which passed a musket ball fired at \nsome patriot who was standing in the doorway at the time of the fight. \n\n\n158 CONCORD \n\nThe Battle Ground. The wooded lane just beyond the Old Manse \nleads to the scene of the battle at the Old North Bridge, the story of \nwhich is told by the inscriptions on the monuments there. Most \npathetic is the simple inscription which marks the graves of unknown \nBritish soldiers killed on the spot. French's bronze Minuteman fitly \nstands on the opposite side of the river, at about the point where the \nAmericans made their attack. \n\nHouse of the First Minister. If on our way back we turn to the right \nafter crossing the railroad tracks, and then to the left, we shall pass the \nsite of the house in which Peter Bulkeley, the first Concord minister, \nlived, — he who made the bargain with the Indians for the land of Con- \ncord, which secured to the colonists its \"peaceful possession.\" This \nis on Lowell Street, and a few steps farther and facing the square, \nour starting point, is a low wooden block, a part of which was one of \nthe storehouses sacked by the British. \n\nContinuing through the square and turning to the right, the first \nhouse beyond the very pretty bank building is one a part of which is \nsaid to have been the original blockhouse built by the first settlers as \na defense against the Indians. Beyond, on the left, at the junction \nof the two roads, is the \n\nConcord Public Library. Here are some interesting busts and pictures, \nand a collection — astonishingly large — of books written by residents \nof Concord. \n\nHomes of the Hoar Family. Continuing on the main street, the fourth \nhouse from the blockhouse was the home of Samuel Hoar, the first \nof the name. Here were born his eminent sons, the late Judge Hoar \nand Senator Hoar. The next house wyas the home of the late Samuel \nHoar, the eldest son of Judge Hoar; and the next beyond that is the \nhome of the widow of Sherman Hoar, Judge Hoar's youngest son. On \nthe left, near the corner of Thoreau Street and secluded by a hedge of \ntrees, is the \n\nThoreau House. Here Thoreau lived during the last twelve years of \nhis life, and here he died of consumption. The Alcott family also \nlived in this house for several years. The site of Thoreau's hut by \nWalden Pond is marked by a cairn made by visitors. Still continuing \non the main street and bearing to the right, we find, just beyond the \nlittle stone Episcopal church which stands on the left, \n\nThe Home of Frank B. Sanborn. Here, in what is perhaps the pret- \ntiest house in Concord, and close to the river, lives Frank Sanborn, \nthe last of the men who gave Concord a world-wide reputation, and \nfamous as an antislavery man, as schoolmaster, lecturer, and author. \nA mile or more beyond the Sanborn house is \n\n\nNORTH SHORE 159 \n\nThe Concord Reformatory. This institution, intended for younger and \nthe less hardened criminals, is a large one, and is believed to be a model \nof its kind. \n\nConcord Schools. Concord has always been remarkable for its schools; \nand besides its public schools it contains an Episcopal boarding school, \nwith grounds sloping to the river, not far from the Sanborn house, and \nalso a Unitarian boarding school, situated on the road to Lowell, about \nthree miles beyond the village. \n\nHome of Edward 7F. Emerson. On the same road, a mile or so beyond \nthe village, is the home of Emerson's only son, Dr. Edward W. Emer- \nson, a physician and artist, and the author of that most valuable and \ninteresting book, \" Emerson in Concord.\" \n\nTHE NORTH SHORE \n\nLynn (about 12 miles distant from Boston) can be reached in twenty \nminutes by steam railroad (Boston & Maine, Eastern Division, from \nthe North Station) or by the Boston, Revere Beach & Lynn Railroad, a \nlonger route but running closer to the sea, which begins with a short \ntrip in a ferryboat, taken at Rowe's Wharf, Atlantic Avenue (a station \nof the elevated railway close by). If time can be spared, one may \njourney pleasantly to Lynn in Boston and Northern electric cars, taken \nin the Subway at the Scollay Square station, and running through the \nCharlestown District (past the Navy Yard), Chelsea, Revere, and thence \nstraight across the broad Saugus marshes with their numerous inlets, \nand with the ocean in sight oh the extreme right. We reach first \n\nWest Lynn. The works of the General Electric Company and \nnumerous shoe factories are here; A mile or so beyond is \n\nLynn proper, a great shoe city. At Central Square electric cars may \nbe taken for trips in various directions, especially to the Lynn Woods, \nthe beautiful reservation of about two thousand acres. From Central \nSquare, also, \"barges\" (a kind of long drawn bus) run to the aristo- \ncratic summer resort of \n\nNahant (\" cold roast Boston \"), the oldest of eastern summer resorts, \noccupying a rocky promontory. On the extreme point is the summer \nhome of Henry Cabot Lodge. There is also good sea bathing here, \ncold as ice water. To the northeast is Egg Rock with its lighthouse, \nshowing a fixed red light. Returning to Lynn, an electric may be taken, \nif one desires, to \n\nSaugus. Here are the Boardman houses, so called, the homes of \nminutemen in 1770, and \" Appleton's pulpit,\" a huge rock, from which \nin September, 1687, Major Samuel Appleton of Ipswich harangued \n\n\ni6o \n\n\nMARBLEHEAD AND SALEM \n\n\nthe people in favor of resistance to Andros. Here also is the site of \nthe first iron mine and foundry in the Colony. \n\nReturning again to Lynn, we may take an electric car for Salem via \nSwampscott and Marblehead, — a pleasant route passing many summer \nhomes and traversing the Lynn Shore Reservation of the Metropolitan \nParks System, which at its northern end joins King's Beach in Swamp- \nscott. Passing Beach Bluff and Clifton Heights, we come to \n\nMarblehead, the quaint, irregular town with crooked streets full of \nold-time suggestions. Barges or a steam ferry may be taken here to \nMarblehead Neck, the site of a summer hotel and of the clubhouses \nof the Eastern and Corinthian Yacht Clubs. At the north end of the \ntown is Fort Sewall, and various islands are in sight, notably \" Misery \" \nisland, which is devoted by a club to sports and merriment. Features \nwithin easy walks are the old Town Hall with memories of the Revolu- \ntion ; the birthplace of Elbridge Gerry ; remnant of the historic Jere- \nmiah Lee mansion ; the home and the tomb of General John Glover, \nwhose statue is in Boston (see page 78) ; St. Michael's, the oldest Epis- \ncopal church now standing in New England; the \"Old Floyd Ireson \" \nhouse; birthplace of \"Moll Pitcher,\" the \"fortune teller of Lynn\"; \nand the well of the \" Fountain Inn,\" the old tavern where began the \nromance of Agnes Surriage. From Marblehead we may go by electric \ncar or by steam railroad — or one might have gone directly from Bos- \nton by the Boston & Maine (North Station) — to \n\n\nSalem, once the chief port of New England. Here are many stately, \nreposeful old houses : the Custom House, in which Hawthorne was \nemployed ; the County Jail and Court House, in which many relics of \nthe witchcraft persecution are preserved; Gallows Hill, where the \ncondemned were hung; the Roger Williams house; the house on \n\n\nTOWNS NEAR SALEM 161 \n\nFederal Street in which Lafayette was entertained in 1784 and \nWashington. in 1789; Hawthorne's birthplace on Union Street, and \nvarious Hawthorne homes and landmarks ; and the Pickering mansion, \nbuilt in 1649. Here also are the Essex Institute and the Peabody \nAcademy of Science, with their interesting collections of documents, \nrelics, and curiosities, many of them redolent of the sea and foreign \ncommerce. \n\nNear-by towns are \n\nPeabody, named for George Peabody, the London-American banker, \nwith the Peabody Institute, containing, besides many relics, a portrait \nof Queen Victoria, given by her to Mr. Peabody ; and \n\nDanvers, the home of General Israel Putnam, and at one time of \n\\Vhittier. Here stands the fine old Hooper or Collins house, one of \nthe best of Provincial mansions remaining, which General Gage used \nas his headquarters in the summer of 1774; and not far away is the \nColonial farmhouse once occupied by Rebecca Nourse, the good house- \nwife and kind neighbor who was executed for witchcraft. \n\nFrom Salem electric cars run through Beverly to the tip end of Cape \nAnn; but from Beverly they take an inland course through the towns \nof Wenham, Hamilton, Essex, and West Gloucester, whereas the \nGloucester branch of the steam railroad diverges to the east at Beverly \nand runs along the coast. \n\nBeverly, settled in 1628, is now a shoe town in one part and a summer \nresort in the other parts. There are many wooded walks and drives \nhere, and through Pride's Crossing, Beverly Farms, West Manchester, \nand Manchester-by-the-Sea, noted for its \"singing beach,\" which gives \nforth a musical note as one walks over it. Here also is the Masconomo \nHouse, a famous summer hotel and the scene of open-air drama. \nBeyond are Magnolia and \n\nGloucester, the port from which the hardy fishermen sail to \" The \nBanks\" for cod and haddock, and to which many of them never return. \nKipling's \" Captains Courageous \" is the best guide book for Gloucester. \nAt the extreme tip of Cape Ann is \n\nRockport, famous for its granite quarries, for its breakwater, built by \nthe Federal government, and for its rocky scenery, much haunted by \nartists. The Isles of Shoals lie off the shore, and also Thatcher's Island, \nwith its twin lights. \n\nSalem Itinerary. A day might well be devoted to Salem alone. The \nfollowing itinerary, arranged for the visitor who has only an hour or two \nfor its exploration, embraces the more important or most interesting \nplaces and sites. \n\n\ni 62 SALEM \n\nThe start is made from Town House Square (Washington Street at \nthe crossing of Essex Street), a little way above the railroad station. \nOn Washington Street, between the station and the square, on the west \nside of the railroad tunnel, is seen the \n\nJoshua Ward House (No. 148), in which Washington passed a night \nwhen in Salem on his tour of New England in the autumn of 1789. \nHe occupied the northeast chamber of the second story. This house \nis on the site of the dwelling of the high sheriff, George Corwin, the \nexecutioner of the witchcraft victims in 1692. \n\nFrom Town House Square turn into Essex Street east. The Unita- \nrian Church on the southeast comer occupies the site of the \n\nFirst Meetinghouse, built prior to 1635 for the first church in Salem, \nformed in 1629. The present is the fourth in succession on this spot. \nThe second one was the place of the examinations of the unhappy \naccused \" witches \" before the deputy governor and councilors from \nBoston in April, 1692. Beside the third one, \"three rods west\" of it, \nfacing Essex Street, stood the \n\nTown House in which in 1774 met the last General Assembly of the \nProvince of Massachusetts Bay and the first Provincial Congress. A \nshort distance up Essex Street, at No. 101, is the \n\nPeabody Academy of Science (founded upon an endowment by George \nPeabody, the American banker in London), in the East India Marine \nBuilding. This contains the natural history and ethnological collec- \ntions of the Essex Institute, and the nautical museum of the East \nIndia Marine Society (dating from 1799), with large additions, so \narranged as to be educational rather than merely entertaining. On the \nopposite side of the street, at No. 134, is \n\nPlummet- Hall, the house of the Salem Athenaum (proprietary library, \n24,000 volumes). This occupies the site of the house in which William \nH. Prescott, the historian, was born, and in which earlier lived ATathan \nRead, who invented and successfully sailed a paddle-wheel steamboat in \n1 789, some years before Fulton. In Colony days the Do-wning-Bradstreet \nhouse was here (the homestead lot being covered by this building and \nits neighbor, the Cadet Armory), first the home of the Puritan Emanuel \nDowning, whose son George Downing gave his name to Downing Street \nin London, and afterward that of Simon Bradstreet, the last colonial \ngovernor. Next above Plummer Hall is the \n\nEssex Institute (No. 132), which comprises the Institute museum of \nhistorical objects, manuscripts, documents, and portraits, many and rare, \nthe largest and most notable collection of its kind in the country ; and \nthe library, containing about 85,000 volumes, 302,000 pamphlets, and \n700 volumes of manuscript. The visitor upon entering the Institute \n\n\nSALEM \n\n\n'63 \n\n\nBIRTHPLACE OF HAWTHORNE \n\n\nshould procure a copy of its guide, which gives the details of the inter- \nesting exhibit here. \n\nFrom Essex Street on the south side, just above these institutions, \nturn into Union Street, which leads to the \n\nBirthplace of Hawthorne, in the ancient gambrel-roofed house, No. 27. \nThis house dates from before 1692, and belonged to Hawthorne's \ngrandfather, Daniel Hathome (the romancer changed the spelling of \nthe name) after 1772. Hawthorne was \nborn (1804) in the northwest chamber. \nBack of this house, facing on Herbert \nStreet, is the \n\nHerbert Street Hawthorne House (now \na tenement house, Nos. 10% and u), \nformerly owned by Hawthorne's mater- \nnal grandfather, Manning, in which \nmuch of the author's boyhood was \npassed, and where he afterward lived \nand wrote at intervals during his man- \nhood. His \"lonely chamber\" was the \nnorthwest room of the third story. \n\nFrom Derby Street, which Union \nStreet crosses, pass to Charter Street northward, in which is the \n\nCharter Street Burying Ground, \" Old Burying Point,\" dating from \n1637, fancifully sketched by Hawthorne. Here are graves or tombs of \nGovernor Simon Bradstreet ; the witchcraft judge Hathorne and other \nancestors of Hawthorne; the two chief justices Benjamin Lynde, \nfather and son ; Nathaniel Mather, younger brother of Cotton Mather \nof Boston, precociously learned and pious, who died \" an aged man at \nnineteen years \" ; Richard More, a boy passenger on the Mavflo-wer ; \nand \"Dr. John Swinnerton, physician,\" whose name Hawthorne util- \nized in two of his romances. Adjoining the burying ground is the \n\n\"Dr. Grimshawe\" House (33 Charter Street) of \" Dr. (Jrimshawe's \nSecret\" and \"The Dolliver Romance,\" — the home of Dr. Nathaniel \nPeabody at the time of Hawthorne's courtship of Sophia Amelia \nI'eabody, who became his wife. \n\nOn Derby Street, a short distance westward, is the \n\nSalem Custom House. The office which Hawthorne occupied as sur- \nveyor of the port in 1846-1840 was the comer room of the first floor, \nat the left of the entrance. The stencil. \" N. Hawthorne.\" with which \nhe marked inspected goods, is preserved here as a memento; the desk \nupon which he wrote is in the Kssex Institute. The room in which he \nfancied the discovery of the scarlet letter is on the second floor of the \n\n\n164 \n\n\nSALEM \n\n\neasterly side of the building, in the rear of the collector's office. In \nHawthorne's time this was an unused room, with boxes and barrels of \nold papers. \n\nThree or four streets east of the Custom House is Turner Street, by \nwhich return should be made to Essex Street. On Turner Street the \nold house No. 54 is marked the \n\nHouse of the Seven Gables. This is not correct, for Hawthorne, upon \nhis own statement, took no particular house for his model in the romance \nof this name. The house is interesting, however, as one which Haw- \nthorne much frequented, it then being the home of the Ingersoll family, \n\nhis relatives. It may \n\nJ have suggested the title of \n\nthe romance. Here the \n\"Tales of Grandfather's \nChair \" originated. \n\nFrom Turner Street cross \nEssex Street to Washington \nSquare, with its stately \nhouses of early nineteenth- \ncentury build, bordering the \nfine Common. On the north \nside, at the corner of Winter \nStreet, is the \n\nStory House, in which lived \n\nJudge Joseph Story, and \nSALEM CUSTOM HOUSE ,TT.,,. ,,T \n\nwhere his son, William W. \n\nThe + marks the office occupied by Hawthorne c,. ., , , \n\nStory, the poet and sculptor, \n\nwas born. On Mall Street, the second street from this side, the house \nNo. 14 was \n\nHawthorne''s Mall Street House, where \" The Scarlet Letter \" was \nwritten. The study here was the front room in the third story. \n\nFrom the west side of the square take Brown Street to St. Peter's \nStreet, thence pass to Federal Street, and so to Washington Street \nagain by Town House Square. On Howard Street, north from Brown \nStreet, is the Prescott Schoolhouse, said to be near the site of the place \nwhere Giles Corey, the last victim of the witchcraft frenzy, was pressed \nto death. On Federal Street is the site of the \n\nWitchcraft Jail of 1692, covered by the house (No. 2) of the historical \nscholar, Abner C. Goodell. In this jail the persons accused of witch- \ncraft were confined, and from it the condemned were taken to the place \nof execution. Some of the timbers of the old jail are in the present \n.house. \n\n\nSALEM 165 \n\nOn Washington Street, just about where Federal Street enters, is the \nsite of \n\nGovernor Endicotfs \"faire house.\" At the southern comer of Wash- \nington and Church streets stood the \n\nBishop House, where in 1692 lived Edward and Bridget Bishop, the \nlatter the first witchcraft victim to be hanged. About opposite, on the \nwest side of Washington Street, near Lynde Street, was the \n\nHouse of Nicholas A'oyes, minister of the first church at the time of \nthe witchcraft delusion, and a firm believer in witchcraft. In the middle \nof the street here stood the \n\nCourt House of 1692, where the witchcraft trials were held. In the \npresent Court House, at the end of Washington Street, facing Federal \nStreet, are \n\nWitchcraft Documents and Relics, in the custody of the clerk of the \ncourts. Among these are the manuscript records of the testimony \ntaken at the trials, the death warrant of Bridget Bishop, with Sheriff \nCorwin's return thereon, recording that he had \" caused her to be hanged \nby the neck till she was dead and buried,\" the last words being crossed \nwith a pen, apparently by the careful sheriff on second thought ; and \nsome of the \"witch-pins\" which were produced in court as among the \ninstruments of torture used by the accused. Through Federal Street \nwest and North Street north is reached the \n\nNorth Bridge, in place of the bridge of Revolutionary days, where the \n\"first armed resistance to the royal authority was made\" on a Sunday \nin February, 1775, nearly two months before the affair at Lexington and \nConcord, when the advance of the British force, led by Lieutenant \nColonel Leslie, to sei/.e munitions of war, was arrested by the people \nof Salem. A spirited painting, \" The Repulse of Leslie,\" is in the Essex \nInstitute. \n\nReturn through North Street to Essex Street west. On the corner \nof North Street (310 Essex Street) is the \n\nWitch House, so called persistently without warrant beyond the tra- \ndition that some of the preliminary examinations of accused persons \nwere held here, it being at the time of the delusion the dwelling of \nJudge Jonathan C'orwin of the court. It is said to have been earlier \nthe home of Roger Williams (in 1635-1656). It is the oldest house \nnow standing in Salem. \n\nThrough Summer Street from Essex pass to Chestnut Street, lined \nwith great elms and bordered by many tine old time mansions. At \nNo. 1 8 was \n\nHawthorne's Chestnut Street House, which he occupied less than two \nyears at the beginning of the surveyorship period. Little literary work \n\n\ni66 \n\n\nSALEM \n\n\nappears to have been done here. At an earlier period John Pickering, \nthe Greek lexicographer, lived in this house. On Broad Street, the \nnext street south, at No. 18, is the many-gabled \n\nPickering House, dating back to 1660, the birthplace of Timothy \nPickering, the distinguished soldier and statesman of the Revolution \nand member of Washington's cabinet. Opposite, at the head of Broad \nStreet, is a succession of school buildings, — \n\nThe Latin and High Schools, the former of which is one of the oldest \nin the country. Behind these buildings is the \n\nBroad Street Burying Ground, second in age to the Charter Street \nBurying Ground, having been laid out in 1655. Here are the tombs \n\nof the Pickerings, of Convin, the witch- \ncraft sheriff, and of General Frederick \nW. Lander. \n\nReturn to Essex Street, and after a \ncall at the Public Library (No. 370), on \nthe corner of Monroe Street, and a \nglance at the fine old-time mansions of \nthe neighborhood, — notably the Cabot \nhouse, dating from 1748, for a third \nof a century the home of William C. \nEndicott, justice of the State Supreme \nCourt and member of President Cleve- \nland's cabinet, — take a car for \n\nGallows Hill, where the nineteen \nvictims of witchcraft were hanged. It \nis on Boston Street (the old Boston \nRoad), approached from Hanson Street, where the conductor should \nbe signaled to stop. \n\nReturned to Town House Square, the visitor may, if he have time, \nspend a few minutes profitably in the City Hall in looking over the \nunusual collection of portraits here. They include a Washington \npainted by Jane Stuart, a copy of a half-length portrait by her father, \nGilbert Stuart ; a portrait of President Andrew Jackson by Major R. \nE. W. Earle of his military family in 1833; and portraits of Endicott. \nSouth of the railroad station is a nest of old buildings in old streets, \namong them the Ruck house, 8 Mill Street, dating from before 1651, \ninteresting as the sometime home of Richard Cranch, where John \nAdams frequently visited (Adams and Cranch married sisters), and \nat a later time occupied by John Singleton Copley, the Boston painter., \nwhen here painting the portraits of Salem worthies. \n\n\nCHESTNUT STREET, SALEM \n\n\nTHE SOUTH SHORE 167 \n\n\nTHE SOUTH SHORE \n\nThe pleasant places along the South Shore between Quincy and \nPlymouth are brought into connection with Boston and with each other \nby electric-car systems, while the steam railroad traverses the country \nclosest to the shore. The most direct electric-car route from Boston \nto Plymouth is through Quincy, Braintree, South Braintree, Ilolbrook, \nBrockton, Whitman, Hanson, Pembroke, the Plymouth Woods, West \nDuxbury, and Kingston. For this route the Neponset car should be \ntaken at the Dudley Street terminal of the Elevated. The trunk line \ncontinues through Quincy to Brockton, where change is made to the \nPlymouth line. Other lines between Quincy and Brockton pass through \nQuincy Point, across Weymouth Fore River, through Weymouth, cross- \ning Weymouth Back River, Hingham, the Old Colony \\Voods, Nan- \ntasket, Hingham Center, Rockland, and \\Vhitman, making connection \nat the latter place with the Plymouth line. \n\nThe pleasantest steam-railroad journey is by the South Shore route \n(New York, New Haven & Hartford system, South Station), passing \nthrough Quincy, Braintree, Weymouth, Hingham, Cohasset, Scituate, \nMarshfield, Duxbury, and Kingston, to Plymouth. The more direct \nroute is by the main line through Braintree, South Weymouth, Abington, \nWhitman, Hanson, Halifax, and Kingston. \n\nHingham is one of the loveliest as well as one of the oldest towns in \nMassachusetts (settled in 1633). Its broad main street is shaded by \nmagnificent elms. Its Old Ship Church, with pyramidal roof and bel- \nfry, dating from 1681, is the oldest existing meetinghouse in the country, \nand the quaintest. In the burying ground near it is the grave of John \nA. Andrew, the war governor, marked with a statue by Gould. Com- \nfortable mansions of old type abound in the town. On a sightly hill is \nthe home of John D. Long, governor, congressman, and Secretary of the \nNavy. \n\nCohasset, with irregular rocky coast, commanding a wide extent of \nocean prospect, is the most favored place of the upper South Shore for \nsummer seats. On and about its quite renowned Jerusalem Road are \nnumerous extensive estates with elaborate houses and grounds. The \nJerusalem Road to an unusual degree blends the charms of sea and \nshore. \n\nScituate also enjoys a beautiful ocean front, with fair beaches and a \npretty harbor, protected by rocky cliffs. This town is the scene of Sam- \nuel Woodwork's lyric, \" The Old Oaken Bucket.\" The old farm where \nthe poet was bom, which he immortali/.ed in his song, was close by the \npresent railroad station. \n\n\n168 MARSHFIEL1) AND DUXBURV \n\nMarshfield was the country home of Daniel Webster. The Webster \nplace is some distance from the railroad, eastward. The ride or walk \nto it is along a country hillside road, from which beautiful views occa- \nsionally disclose themselves. The place originally included a part of \n\" Careswell,\" the domain of the Plymouth Colony governor, Edward \nWinslow. Half a mile back from it is the tomb of Webster, on Burying \nHill, a tranquil spot among fields and pastures overlooking the sea. \nBefore the tomb, of rough-hewn granite, a plain marble slab displays \nthe epitaph which Webster dictated the day before his death (1852). \nIn this inclosure are monuments to early Pilgrim settlers. \n\nDuxbury, the home of Elder Brewster, Miles Standish, and John and \nPriscilla Alden, is marked by the Standish Monument on Captain's Hill, \nwhich looms up in the landscape, visible in a wide extent of country \nround about. Here is still standing the Standish Cottage, containing, it \nis believed, some of the materials of Standish's own house, on the slope \nof Captain's Hill ; and in another part of the town is the ancient Alden \nhomestead, on the original Alden farm, which can be seen from the \nwindows of the railroad car. In about the middle of the village, in the \noldest of its burying grounds, the supposed grave of Standish is marked \nby a monument, — a miniature fortress. Here are also graves of the \nAlden family, and possibly the grave of Elder Brewster. \n\nKingston, part of Plymouth till 1726, when setting up for itself it \ntook its name of King's town in honor of George the Second, on his \nbirthday, is a typical Old Colony town, with a cheerful air of substan- \ntiality. It has a number of interesting landmarks, the most notable \nbeing the Major John Bradford house. Major John was the last of \nthe Bradford family to possess the Bradford manuscript, now returned \nfrom its adventures and safely housed in the State House at Boston \n(see p. 43). \n\nPlymouth is entered by either the railroad or the trolley line, close to \nits historic points. A walk not fatiguing from its length will embrace \nthem all. If arrival is made by trolley car, the ATational Monument is \npassed at the entrance to the town. It is but a short distance from \nthe railroad station, and if the visitor comes by train it might well be \nvisited first, although it is in the opposite direction from the other \nPilgrim sites. The way is through Old Colony Park, a short tree-lined \nwalk from the rear of the station to Court Street, thence, to the right, \nto Cushman Street and to Allerton Street. The great granite pile, \nsurmounted by the colossal figure of Faith, and with groups of sitting \nfigures, is seen placed to advantage in a broad open space on the crown \nof a hill. It was designed by Hammatt Billings, and finally completed \nnearly thirty years after the corner stone was laid. \n\n\nPLYMOUTH \n\n\n169 \n\n\nReturning to Court Street and approaching the town center, Pilgrim \nHall is reached, a little way beyond the head of Old Colony Park. In \nthe front yard is a stone tablet inscribed with the words of the compact \nsigned in the cabin of the Mayflower. The collection in the halls of \nthe building, comprising Pilgrim antiquities, paintings, prints, and other \nhistorical objects, is of great extent and value. Most interesting to \nmany visitors is the \nStandish case, \nwhich is the \ndoughty cap- \ntain's sword, \nsaid to be of \nearly Persian \nmake. \n\nAbove Pil- «OKU>»«I \ngrim Hall is \nthe County Court \nHouse, on the oppo- \nsite side of the street, back \nfrom a green park, in which are \nprecious documents of Pilgrim \ndays. These are preserved in \nthe office of the registry of \ndeeds, and include papers bear- \ning the signatures of Bradford \nand Standish, orders in Brad- \nford's handwriting, Standish's \nwill, the plan of the first allot- \nment of lands, the plotting of \nthe first street (the present \nLeyden Street), and the original patent of 1629 granted to Bradford \nand his associates. \n\nNorth Street, just above the Court House, to the right from Court \nStreet, leads to Plymouth AW>fr, under the high granite canopy also \ndesigned by Billings. The side gates in the iron railing are open dur- \ning the daytime so that visitors may step upon the stone. Close by is \nPilgrim Wharf. \n\nCole's Hill, where the first houses of the colonists were set up, and \nwhere their first burials were made in unmarked graves, rises from the \nopposite side of Water Street, reduced and rounded now from a ragged \nelevation to a symmetrical green mound. On the brow is a small park \noverlooking the harbor. Here at the head of Middle Street, which \n\n\nPLVMOVTH \n\n\n170 PLYMOUTH \n\nopens from Carver Street, a tablet marks the spot where the skeletons \nof two of the forty-four Pilgrims, nearly half the number, who died dur- \ning the first hard winter, were found a century and a half after. These \nremains, with parts of five other skeletons, are entombed in the chamber \nof the canopy over the rock. \n\nLeyden Street, next beyond Middle Street, the first and chief Pilgrim \nstreet, leads up to Burial Hill. Beyond its start at Carver Street the \nsite of the first, or \" common,\" house is seen, marked conspicuously, on \nthe left side. \n\nBurial Hill rises abruptly from elm-shaded Town Square, a block \nfrom Main Street, practically a continuation of Court Street. Odd \nFellows Building, on the corner of Main Street, marks the site of Gov- \nernor Bradford 's house. The site of the first meetinghouse is supposed \nto be covered by the tower of this building. Burial Hill was the place \nof the first forts, which served also as meetinghouses, and these are \nmarked by oval tablets in the burying ground. The spot where the \n•watch house was erected in 1643 is similarly marked. The most impor- \ntant monuments here are over the graves of the Bradfords and of the \nCushmans. The Governor Bradford obelisk occupies a point com- \nmanding the fullest view of the town below. Among other graves of \nnote here are those of John Howland, the last survivor in Plymouth of \nthe Mayflower passengers, and Adoniram Judson, the Plymouth min- \nister, father of Adoniram Judson, the early missionary to Burma. \n\nWatson's Hill, where the first Indians appeared to the colonists, and \nwhence came the friendly Samoset and after him Massasoit, lies to the \nsouthward of Burial Hill. And below is seen the Town Brook crossing, \nwhere Massasoit and his braves were met by the Puritan leaders, from \nwhich meeting resulted the famous \" league of peace.\" \n\n\nHARBOR AND BAY 171 \n\nV. EXCURSIONS AND TOURS \nHARBOR AND BAY \n\nTo Pemberton (Hull) and Nantasket. By steamboats of Nantasket \nBeach Steamboat Company. Hourly from Rowe's Wharf (Atlantic \nAvenue circuit elevated railway station at door). Fare, 25 cents each \nway. Passengers have their choice of going to Nantasket by boat or \nlanding at Pemberton and continuing to Nantasket along the shore \nby the electric trains of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Rail- \nroad. Stations at Stony Beach, Allerton, Waveland, Kenberma, Bay- \nside, and Windermere. \n\nTo Crow Point and Hingham. By steamboats of above-named company \nfrom same wharf. Fare, 25 cents each way. \n\nTo Plymouth. By steamboats of above-named company from same \nwharf. Fare, 75 cents each way. At Plymouth carriages are at the \nwharf for the tour of the town. Plymouth is also reached by railroad \nand electric lines (see South Shore, under Day Trips). \n\nTo Provincetown. By steamer Cape Cod from Snow's Arch Wharf, \nnear Rowe's Wharf station, Atlantic Avenue circuit, elevated railway \n(for details, see advertisements in daily papers), or by trains of the \nNew York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad (Plymouth Division) from \nSouth Station. The trip by water across the bay is very pleasant on a \ncalm day. The steamer remains at Provincetown for an hour or two, \ngiving visitors opportunity to look over the quaint town, and especially \nthe great sand dunes which rise back of it and break off the strong \nnortheast gales. \n\nTo Hough's Neck (a pleasant resort in the city of Ouincy). By steam- \nboats from Snow's Arch Wharf, four times daily. \n\nTo Nahant. By steamboats from Lincoln Wharf, close to Battery \nStreet station, Atlantic Avenue circuit, elevated railway. The boats \npass out through Shirley (lut, between Winthrop and Deer Island. \n(For details of sailing, fares, etc., see advertisements in daily papers.) \n\nTo Gloucester. By steamboats from Central Wharf, near State Street \nstation, Atlantic Avenue circuit. Fare, 50 cents each way; round trip, \n75 cents. (For details of times of sailing, see advertisements in daily \npapers.) The boats of this line pass along the picturesque North Shore \nfor the whole way, making a delightful trip. Gloucester is also reached \nby railroad and electric lines (see North Shore, under Day Trips). \n\nTo Newburyport and Haverhill. By steamboats from Lewis Wharf, \nnear Batter)- Street station, Atlantic Avenue circuit. (For details of \nsailings, etc., see advertisements in daily papers.) \n\n\n172 MAINE COAST AND CANADIAN POINTS \n\nTHE MAINE COAST AND RIVER POINTS \n\nTo Portland. By steamboats of the Eastern Steamship Company \nfrom India Wharf, near Rowe's Wharf station, Atlantic Avenue circuit. \nEvery evening at 7. Fare, $1.25 each way; stateroom extra, according \nto location. \n\nTo Rockland and Bangor. By steamboats of above-named company \nfrom Foster's Wharf, near Rowe's Wharf station. Every evening \n(except Sunday) at 5. These boats connect at Rockland with steamers \nof the same line for Mount Desert ; also with boats for various island \nand shore resorts in Penobscot Bay. \n\nTo Bar Harbor (Mount Desert). By trains of the Boston & Maine \nRailroad (North Station) to Portland, at 7 P.M., Tuesdays and P'ridays ; \nconnecting at Portland with steamer Frank Jones of the Portland, Mount \nDesert & Machias Steamboat Company, which leaves at 11 P.M., arrives \nat Rockland early in the morning, and thence proceeds by daylight \nthrough the beautiful scenery of the islands in Penobscot Bay, touch- \ning at Islesboro, Castine, Deer Isle, Sedgwick, Blue Hill, Brooklin, \nSouthwest Harbor, Northeast Harbor, and arrives at Bar Harbor at \nabout 2 P.M. Returning, leaves Bar Harbor at about 10 A.M. \n\nTo Bath and Augusta. By steamers of the Eastern Steamship Com- \npany from Union Wharf, near Battery Street station, Atlantic Avenue \ncircuit. Every evening (except Sunday) at 6. \n\nCANADIAN POINTS \n\nTo Eastport, Me., and St. John, N.B. By steamers of the Eastern \nSteamship Company from Commercial Wharf, near State Street station, \nAtlantic Avenue circuit. Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. \n\nTo Yarmouth, N.S. By steamers of the Dominion Atlantic Railway \nCompany from Long Wharf (elevated railway station at the door). \n(For details of sailings, etc., see advertisements in daily papers.) At \nYarmouth connections are made with other steamers of the line for \nports along the south shore of Nova Scotia; also with trains of the \nDominion Atlantic Railway for the \" Land of Evangeline,\" the Annap- \nolis Valley, Halifax, and (via Digby and steamer across the Bay of \nFundy) St. John, N.B. \n\nTo Halifax, N.S., Cape Breton, and Prince Edward Islands. By steam- \ners of the Plant Line from Lewis Wharf, near Battery Street station, \nAtlantic Avenue circuit. Tuesdays and Saturdays at noon. At Halifax \nconnect with trains of the Intercolonial Railway for all parts of Nova \nScotia, New Brunswick, and Quebec; at Hawkesbury, C.B., with trains \n\n\nCOASTWISE POINTS 173 \n\nof the Intercolonial Railway for the Bras d'Or Lake, Sydney, and Louis- \nburg; at Charlottetown, P.E.I., with trains of the Prince Edward Island \nRailway for all parts of the island. At Sydney, C.B., the steamer Bruce \nmay be taken for Port aux Basques, Newfoundland, connecting there \nwith the Reid Newfoundland Company's railroad across the island of \nSt. John's, a journey of twenty-eight hours. \n\nOTHER COASTWISE POINTS \n\nTo New York around Cape Cod, through Vineyard Sound and Long \nIsland Sound. By steamers of the Joy Steamship Company from \nwharf near the South Boston end of the Congress Street bridge. (For \ndetails, see advertisements in daily papers.) \n\nTo Philadelphia. By steamers of the Boston & Philadelphia Steam- \nship Company from India Wharf, near Rowe's Wharf station, Atlantic \nAvenue circuit. Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays, at 3 P.M. Fare, \n5io each way; round trip, #18, including meals and stateroom berth. \n\nTo Norfolk and Baltimore. By steamers of the Merchants and Miners \nTransportation Company from Battery Wharf (station of elevated rail- \nway at the door). Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Fridays, and Saturdays, at \n2 P.M. \n\nTo Savannah, Ga. By steamers of the Ocean Steamship Company \nfrom Lewis Wharf, near Battery Street station, Atlantic Avenue circuit. \nWednesdays, at 3 P.M. \n\nTo Charleston, S.C. By steamers of the Clyde Line. Twice a week. \n(For details, see advertisements in daily papers.) \n\nTo Jamaica. By steamers of the United Fruit Company from Long \nWharf, State Street station, Atlantic Avenue circuit. Sailings twice a \nweek. Fare, 535 each way ; round trip, 5oo, meals and stateroom berth \nincluded, during the summer season. (For details, see advertisements in \ndaily papers.) \n\nRAILROAD TOURS \n\nTo Hyannia. By trains of the New York, New Haven & Hartford \nRailroad, Plymouth Division (South Station). Eight trains daily. A \njourney of about two hours and a half, via Bridge-water, Middleboro, \nBuzzards Bay, and Yarmouth. \n\nTo Woods Hole. By the same route as the above to Buzzards Bay ; \nthence via Monument Beach and Falmouth. Trains and running time \nare about the same as to Hyannis. At Woods Hole is the Marine \nBiological Laboratory, incorporated in iSSXand opened in the summer \nof that year. Here investigations in marine biology are systematically \n\n\n174 RAILROAD TOURS \n\nand constantly pursued by a corps of scientists, aided during the summer \nmonths by students from several of the universities. \n\nTo Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket. By trains to Woods Hole, as \nabove ; thence by steamers of the Marine District, New York, New \nHaven & Hartford Railroad. Train from Boston at 1.38 P.M. makes \nclose connection at Woods Hole. At Nantucket the steamer connects \nwith trains of the Nantucket Central Railroad for Siasconset. \n\nTo Newport, R.I. By trains of the New York, New Haven & Hart- \nford Railroad, Providence Division (South Station). Eight times daily \n(from Back Bay station four minutes later), via Mansfield, Taunton, and \nFall River. A journey of about two hours. Also by trains of the same \ndivision to Providence, R.I., frequently through the day, a ride of one \nhour; thence by steamers of the Providence, Fall River & Newport \nSteamboat Company. The ride down Narragansett Bay is very beau- \ntiful. Round trip, 60 cents. \n\nTo the White Mountains. By trains of the Boston & Maine Railroad \n(North Station), Southern Division, via Lowell, Nashua, Manchester, \nConcord, and Franklin, N.H.; Western Division, via Lawrence, Haver- \nhill, Dover, and Rochester, N.II. ; Eastern Division, via Salem, New- \nburyport, Portsmouth, and Rochester, N.H. (or via Portland, Me., and \nMaine Central Railroad by Sebago Lake and Bartlett, N.H.); to all \nmountain points. By either route a choice of two or three through \ntrains daily can usually be had. The exact leaving time of each train \ncan be obtained from advertisements in the daily papers, or by inquiry \nat the information booth in the waiting room of the North Station, or \nat the company's up-town passenger office, corner of Washington \nand Milk streets, where tickets may be bought and parlor-car seats or \nPullman berths secured. \n\nTo Lake Champlain, Vermont Resorts, Montreal, and Canadian Points. \nBy trains of the Boston & Maine Railroad, Southern Division, via Lowell, \nConcord, N.H., White River Junction, Vt., and Vermont Central Rail- \nroad; Fitchburg Division, via Fitchburg, Keene, N.H., Brattleboro and \n\\Vhite River Junction, Vt., and Vermont Central Railroad; or via Rut- \nland, Vt., and the Rutland Railroad to Burlington ; thence through the \nmidst of Lake Champlain, over its beautiful islands to Alburgh, and \non to St. Johns, P.Q. The same remarks as to train sen-ice, hours of \nleaving, etc., apply as in the case of the White Mountain trips. \n\nTo Saratoga, Lake George, and the Adirondacks. By trains of the Bos- \nton & Maine Railroad, Fitchburg Division, via Fitchburg, Greenfield, \nNorth Adams, and the Hoosac Tunnel. The same remarks as to train \nservice, etc., apply as in the case of the two last outlined trips. \n\n\nIMPORTANT POINTS OF INTEREST 175 \n\nVI. IMPORTANT POINTS OF INTEREST \nFOR THE VISITOR WHOSE TIME is LIMITED \n\nThe visitor who has only two or three days to spend in Boston will find the \nfollowing list of leading points of interest helpful in arranging an itinerary. \n\nOld South Meetinghouse. Washington Street, corner of Milk Street. Loan \nhistorical collection here. Open week days from 9 A.M. to 6 P.M. Fee, 25 cents. \n\nOld State House. Head of State Street. Memorial halls with historical col- \nlections. Open from 9 A.M. to 4.30 P.M.; Saturdays from 9.30 to 4. Free. \n(Temporarily closed, summer of 1903, on account of Subway building beneath it.) \n\nFaneuil Hall. Faneuil Hall Square. Also military museum of the Ancient \nand Honorable Artillery Company in their armory on the upper floors. Open \nfrom 10 A.M. to 4 P.M., except Saturdays and Sundays. Free. \n\nKing's Chapel. Tremont Street, corner of School Street. Dating from 1754. \nInteresting interior. \n\nKing's Chapel Burying Ground. Tremont Street, adjoining the Chapel. \nOldest in Boston, established at about the time of the settlement. Contains \ntombs of the Winthrops, John Cotton, Governor Leverett, and numerous other \nColonial families. \n\nGranary Burying Ground. Tremont Street, midway between Beacon and \nPark streets. Dating from 1660. Tombs and graves of governors of the Colony \nand the Commonwealth, and of Samuel Adams, James Otis, John Hancock, Paul \nRevere, Peter Faneuil, the parents of Benjamin Franklin, with many others of \ndistinction or interest. \n\nPark Street Church. Corner of Tremont and Park streets. Dating from \n1809. Historic. Interesting specimen of early nineteenth-century architecture, \nnotably the tower and spire. \n\nSt. Paul's Church. Tremont Street, near Temple Place, opposite the Com- \nmon. Dating from 1820. Interesting interior. Pew No. 25 that of Daniel \nWebster. \n\nState House. Beacon Hill. Beacon Street and State House Park. Front \npart — the '• Bulfinch Front\" so called — built 1795-1/97; the extension erected \n1889-1895. Decorated interior. Numerous interesting features. Memorial Hall, \nwith the battle flags, statues, and portraits. The \" Bradford manuscript \" in the \nState Library. State House Park, with statues and monument. \n\nShaw Monument. Beacon Street against the Common, opposite the State \nHouse. Memorial to Colonel Robert (!. Shaw, commander of the first regiment \nof colored troops in the Civil War. A statue in high relief upon a bronze tablet. \n\nBoston Athenaeum. io!4 Beacon Street. Proprietary library. Dating from \n1807, oldest in the country. Interesting interior. \n\n\n176 IMPORTANT POINTS OF INTEREST \n\nHouse of the Historic Genealogical Society. 18 Somerset Street. Contains \nthe most extensive and valuable genealogical collection known. Open to visitors \nwithout fee or charge from 9 A.M. to 5.30 P.M. daily, except Sundays and holidays. \n\nOld West Church. Cambridge Street, corner of Lynde Street, West End. \nNow the West End Branch of the Public Library. Built in 1806. Interior \narchitecture well preserved. Successor of the West Church of the Revolutionary \nperiod, which was occupied as barracks by the British, who pulled down the \nsteeple and used it for firewood, the patriots having employed it for signaling \nthe camp at Cambridge. \n\nChrist Church. Salem Street, North End. Oldest existing church in Boston. \nInteresting interior. Open daily. Fee, including view from the tower, 25 cents. \n\nCopp's Hill Burying Ground. Hull Street, opening opposite to Christ Church. \nOldest part dating from 1660. Historic tombs and graves. \n\nPaul Revere's House. North Square; also various other old houses and his- \ntoric sites of the North End. \n\nBunker Hill Monument. Monument Square, Charlestown District. A few \nminutes' ride on the elevated railway from the North Station station. Revolu- \ntionary relics in the lodge. Open from 8 A.M. to 6 P.M. Fee, 20 cents. \n\nUnited States Navy Yard. Approach from City Square through Chelsea Street, \nCharlestown District. Naval Museum open from 9 A.M. to 4 P.M. Free. \n\nNatural History Museum. Berkeley Street, corner of Boylston Street, Back \nBay. Open week days from 9 A.M. to 5 P.M., with the exception of Wednesdays \nand Saturdays, when the hours are 10 A.M. to 5 P.M. Free on these days; fee \nat other times, 25 cents. \n\nArt Museum. Copley Square, Back Bay. Open week days from 9 A.M. to \n5 P.M., with the exception of Mondays, when the hours are i to 5 P.M. Free on \nSaturdays and Sundays (Sunday hours from i to 3 P.M.) ; fee other times, 25 \ncents. \n\nPublic Library. Copley Square, Back Bay. Mural decorations by John S. \nSargent, Edwin A. Abbey, and Puvis de Chavannes. Largest library in the \nworld for free circulation. Open daily from 9 A.M. to 9 P.M. (through the summer \nmonths; other seasons till 10 P.M.) ; Sunday from 2 to 9 P.M. (summer; 10 P.M. \nother seasons). \n\nTrinity Church. Copley Square. One of the richest examples of ecclesias- \ntical architecture in the country. \n\nHarvard University Buildings and Museums. Cambridge; less than thirty \nminutes' ride by electric car from the Subway or Copley Square. (See Cambridge \nand Harvard, pp. 98-109.) \n\nVarious parts of the chain of parks comprised in the Boston City Parks \nSystem and the public reservations embraced in the Metropolitan Parks System \nare within easy reach by electric or steam cars (see Public Parks, pp. 146-151) ; \nand there are pleasant harbor excursions to be enjoyed occupying only a few \nhours or part of a day. (See Harbor and Bay, under Excursions and Tours, \np. 171.) \n\n\nINDEX \n\n\nAbbey, Edwin A., 82. Apthorp, Rev. East, iog. \n\nAberdeen District, 115. Arborway, 146. \n\nAdams Academy, Quincy, 135. Archbishop's house, Boston. 93. \n\nAdams, Charles Francis, Sr., birthplace, Aristides, statue, 70. \n\n34, 48; town house, 70. Arlington, 152, 153. \n\nAdams, Charles Francis, Jr., 02; gift to Arlington House (Cooper's Tavern), 152 \n\nQuincy Historical Society, 136. Arlington Street Church, Boston, 77. \n\nAdams, Henry, tomb, 135. Army and Navy Monument, Boston, 32. \n\nAdam1;, Herbert, 77. Arnold Arboretum and Bussey Hark, 97 \nAdams House, Boston, 34. M&- \n\nAdams, John, portrait, 13, 14, 33 ; statue of, Arnold Arboretum and Jamaica Park, 97 \n\nat Mt. Auburn, 108; gilts to Quincy, Arsenal, \\Vatertown, 128. \n\n135; birthplace, 136 Art Gallery, Maiden, 1^5. \n\nAdams, John Quincy, portrait, 13, 14 ; site Art Museum, Boston, 46, 85, 86. \n\nof mansion house, 34- tomb, 135; birth- Ashburton Place, Boston, 47. \n\nplace, 136. Aspinwall Hill, Brookline, 114. \n\nAdams mansion, Quincy, 136. Athena-urn, Salem, i(>2. \n\nAdams, Samuel, portrait, 13, 14; statue, in Athletic Clubhouse, Si. \n\nAdams Square. 15, 16; tomb, 26, 27, 48; Atlantic Avenue, Boston, 10, 53. \n\nstatue at Lexington, 155. A very oak, Dedham, 138. \nAdams Square, Boston, modern, 16. \n\nAdams Street, Milton. 131; Quincy, 136. Back Bay, extent, 74 ; tilling, 75; District \nAddington Ko.id, Brookline, 114. plan, v. \n\nAfrican church, first, Boston, 69. Back Bay Park. See Fens. \n\nAeassiz, Louis, monument, Mt. Auburn, 108. Back Bay station, 81. \n\nAlcott, A. Bronson, 71. Baily, Rev. John, 26. \n\nAlcott, Louisa M , Boston homes, 71 ; Con- Maker, William F.nu-rson, 121. \n\ncord home, 156; grave, 157. Ball, Thomas, statues by: of Andrew, 41 ; \nAlcott family, homes, 15^, 157, 158. Quincy, 40; Y/ashington, 77; Sunnier, \n\nAider) homestead, Duxhurv, i'>8. 77; birthplace, 68; group by, 94. \n\nAldrich, Thom.is Bailey, Boston homes, 70, Ballou Hall, Tufts College, 144. \n\n71, 73. Ballou, Hosea, mon't, Mt. Auburn, mX. \n\nAlgerine Corner, Milton, 132. Bancroft, George, it. \n\nAlgonquin Clubhouse, Boston, So. Banks, Nathaniel Preiitiss. 127. \n\nAllston, Washington, head of, 86; home, ox). Banner, Peter, architect, 2c). \n\nAmerican Acad. of Arts and Sciences, 92. Baptist Church, present First, Boston, 57. \n\nAmerican Board of Commissioners for Baptist Church, Cambridge, 91). \n\nForeign Missions, 45, 46. Baptist Church, Newton Center, 12$. \n\nAmerican House (site of Warren's house>, Baptist meetinghouse, site of tirst, 51., 57. \n\nBoston, iS. Barn 11 m Museum, Tults College, 144. \n\nAmerican Peace Society, 30. Barre, Col. Isaac, 12. \n\nAmerican I'nitari.in Association, 45. B.irricado, site. 10. \n\nAmerican Walth.im Watch Company, 127. Bartholdi. architect, So. \n\nAmes, Fisher, u?. Bartol, Cyrus A., home, 72 ; pulpit, 74. \n\nAmes, Nathaniel 117. Rates, Joshua, 83. \n\nAncient and Hon. Artillery Company, ori- Battle flags. 42. \n\ngin, 5. armory, H, annual evolutions, 33. Battleground, Concord. i$S. \n\nAndrew. Governor lolin A., portrait, 13, Battle of Lexington, painting, 155. \n\n41, 42; grave and statue at Hingham, 167. Bay Psalm-book, K..S. \n\nAndros, Lady, tomb, 23 Bay State Road, 92. \n\nAndtos, Sir F.flmund. $ ; subscriber to Beach Bluff, 160. \n\nKing's Chapel, 24. it,; church organiza- Beathmont, 141, 142. \n\ntion coerced by, t,2 . reluge of, 53. Beacon, on Be.uon Hill, 40, 41. \n\nAnthology Club ( Boston Athen.vum\\ 46. Bea. on Hill, original, i, f>X. \n\nAppleton Chapel. Cambridge, 101. Beacon Hill Reservoir, f*) \n\nAppleton, Samuel, 101. I'eacon Street, 39. 45. f>H, So. \n\nApplcton's pulpit, Saugus, 159. l^-acon Street Mall illustrated, 31. \n\n'77 \n\n\ni78 \n\n\nINDEX \n\n\nBeaver Brook and Waverley Oaks, 149. Bow Street, Cambridge, 109. \n\nBeck Hall, Cambridge, 99. Bowditch, Nathaniel, 108. \n\nBedford Street, Lexington, 155. Bowdoin, Gov. James, 17 ; tomb, 26. \n\nBeethoven, statue of, 82. Bowlder (Lexington), 155. \n\nBelcher, Gov. Jonathan, 25; estate, 132. Boylston, Dr. Zabdiel, 112. \n\nBelcher milestones, 132. Boylston house, Brookline, 115. \n\nBelknap, Rev. Jeremy, tomb, 26, 52. Boylston Street, Brookline, in. \n\nBelknap Street (now Joy Street), 69. Boylston, Ward Nicholas, 103. \n\nBell Alley (part of Prince Street), 59. Bracket!, Walter M., 9. \n\nBellingham, Gov. Richard, 21, 26. Bradford, Gov. William, site of house, \n\nBelmont Square, East Boston, 94. Plymouth, 169; monument to, 170. \n\nBennington, trophies captured at, 44. Bradford, Maj. John, house, Kingston,i68. \n\nBerkeley Temple, Boston, 93. Bradford Manuscript. 43, 51, 168. \n\nBethel, Father Taylor's, 59. Bradstreet, Simon, 162; grave, 163. \n\nBeverly, 161. Braintree, 2. \n\nBillings, Hamma'.t, architect, 122, 168, 169. Brattle Square Church, 79; site, 17; cannon \n\nBishop, Bridget, death warrant, 165. ball, 92. \n\nBishop house, Salem, 155. Brattle Street, Boston, 16, 17. \n\nBishop's Palace, Cambridge, 109. Brattle Street, Cambridge, 107. \n\nBlack Horse Lane, 57. Brattle, Thomas, Jr., 23. \n\nBlack Horse Tavern, 152. Brattle. Thomas, Sr.. tomb, 23. \n\nBlackstone Street, 56. Brazer's Building, 5. \n\nBlake, Francis, estate, 117. Brazier's Inn (later Hancock Tavern), 15. \n\nBlaxton, Rev. William, pioneer, i, 68. Brazier, Madam, 15. \n\nBlaxton's spring, 70. 71. Breed's Hill, site of Bunker Hill Monu- \n\nBlockade of Boston, the, farce, 14. ment, 16. \n\nBlue Ball, Sign of the, 55. Breed's Island, 2, 141. \n\nBlue Hill Parkway, 134. Brewster, Elder, 168. \n\nBlue Hills Reservation, 3, 131, 133, 148. Brick Meetinghouse, Boston, 6. \n\nBoard of Trade Building, Boston, n. Bridge, John, statue of, 105. \n\nBolton, Charles Knowles, 47. Bridge, Rev. Thomas, 22. \n\nBooth, Edwin, home of, 72; grave of, 108. Brigham, Charles E., 40. \n\nBoston, founded, i; incorporated, 2; pop- Brighton District, Boston, 3, 97. \n\nulation, 3 ; Postal District of, 3 ; Post Brimstone Corner, 29. \n\nOffice Department, 3. British Coffee House, 7. \n\nBoston American Baseball Club, 110. Broad Street, Salem, 166. \n\nBoston Art Clubhouse, Si. Broad's Hill, Natick, 123. \n\nBoston Athenaeum, 46, 47. Brook Farm, 97. \n\nBoston Athletic Association, 116. Brooklawn, 126. \n\nBoston Basin, 3. Brookline, 2, 109-115. \n\nBoston City Club, 47. Brookline Reservoir, 112. \n\nBoston City Hospital, 93. Brooks, Phillips, 48 : rector of Trinity \nBoston City Parks System, 64, 146-148. Church, 87; grave, u 8. \n\nBoston College, 93. Brooks, Richard F., 77. \n\nBoston Common, surroundings, 31-34; Brunswick Hotel, 81. \n\nold print of, 45 ; 146. Bryant, J. G. F., 40. \n\nBoston, frigate, site of shipyard, 64. Buckman Tavern, Lexington, 155. \n\nBoston Massacre, site, 5, 17; graves of Bulfinch, Charles, architect, 23; designer of \n\nvictims, 26, 28, 51. \" Bulfinch Front,\" 12, 40, 41, 43, 60, 74, \n\nBoston Medical Library, 91. 103. \n\nBoston Museum, site, 91 : picture of, 21. Bulkeley, Peter, 158. \n\nBoston Museum of Fine Arts, 46, 85, 86. Bunch-of-Grapes Tavern, 6, 7. \n\nBoston pier, original, 10. Bunker Hill, 68. \n\nBoston Sconce (South Battery), 10. Bunker Hill Monument, 65; description, \nBoston Society of Natural History, 89. 66-68; Association, 44, 67. \n\n\" Boston Stone, 1737,\" 56. Burgoyne. Gen. John. 14, 51, 109, 127. \n\nBoston Street, Salem, 166. Burial Hill, Plymouth, 169. \n\nBoston Symphony Orchestra, 30. Burlingame, Amon, portrait, 13 ; monu- \nBoston Tea Party, 16, 51. See also Tea ment, Mt. Auburn, 108. \n\nParty Wharf. \" Burnet, Gov., 25. \n\nBoston Theater, 34. Burns, Anthony, meeting against rendition \nBoston University, 47. of, 15; riot over, 19. \n\nBostonian Society, 9. Burying ground, Arlington, 153: Milton, \nBosworth Street, Boston, 25. 132; Quincy, 135; Salem (Broad Street) \n\n\nINDEX 179 \n\n166, (Charter Street) 163: Watertown, Child, Lydia Maria, 59. \n\n129; ancient Town, Brookline, 112; Ye Child, Tom, 56. \n\nOld, Lexington, 155. Chilton, Man-, 23. \n\nBurying Hill, Marshfield, 168. Choate, Rufus, portrait, 13; statue, 20. \n\nBusiness Quarter, Boston, 3. Christ Church, Boston, 59-61. \n\nBussey Park, 146. Christ Church, Cambridge, 106. \nButtrick, Maj. John, memorial, 42 ; grave, Christ Church burial ground, Braintree, \n\n157. 136. \n\nByles, Rev. Mather, 34. Church, Benjamin, 23. \n\nBynner, Edwin L., 59. Church of England established in the \n\nColony, 24. \n\nCabot house, Salem, 166. Church of the Advent, Boston, 73. \n\nCadet Armory, Salem, 162. Church of Christ, Scientist, 90. \n\nCambridge, 98-109. Church of the Disciples, Boston, m. \n\nCambridge Common, 105. Church of the Immaculate Conception, 93. \n\nCamp Hill, East Boston, 94. Churches, convenient, in Boston, ix, x. \n\nCaner, Mr., rector of King's Chapel, 24. City Hall, Boston, 3, 48, 49; Cambridge, \n\nCanoeing, 1 16. 99; Newton, 118; Quincy, 135; Salem, \n\nCape Ann, 3. 166; Somerville. 144. \n\nCapen, E. H., Pres. Tufts College, 144. City Point, South Boston, 95. \n\nCapen, Hopestill, 56. City Square, Charlestown, 66. \n\nCaptain's Hill, Duxbury, 168. Claflin estate, 126. \n\n\"Careswell,\" Marshfield, 168. Claflin School, Newtonville, 126. \n\nCarey Public Library, Lexington, 155. Clarendon Street Baptist Church, Boston, \n\nCass, Col. Thomas, statue of, 77. 94. \n\nCastle Island, 147. Clark- Frankland mansion, the of, 59. \nCathedral of the Holy Cross, Boston, 93. Clark house, Brookline, 112. \n\nCattle Market, Watertown, us. Clarke, James Freeman, 48; note from \n\nCentral Burying Ground, Boston, 34. Hawthorne to, 71, 94. \n\nCentral Church, Boston, 71). Clarke, Jonas, Lexington, 155. \n\nCentral District, Boston, 3.4. Clifton Heights, 150. \n\nCentral Hill, Somerville, 143. Clough, George A\", architect, 20. \n\nCentry Hill, 41. Clyde Park, 113. \n\nChamber of Commerce, n. Cockerel Church, Boston, 58. \n\nChandler's Pond, 115, 119. Codfish, the historic, o,, 43. \n\nChange (formerly Flag?) Alley, 15. Cohasset, 167. \nChanning, William Eilery , Boston pulpit, Cole's Hill, Plymouth, 169. \n\n53; home, 70; statue of, 77 ; monument, College Hill, Medford. 144. \n\nMt. Auburn, 108. College of Pharmacy, Boston, 89. \n\nCharles River banks, 149. College Settlement, Boston, 94. \n\nCharles River village, 123. Collins house, Danvers, 161. \n\nCharles Street, 72, 73. Colonial Club, Cambridge, 100. \n\nCharles Street Jail, 73. Colonial prison, Boston, 19. \n\nCharlesbank, 73, 148. Colonial Theater, Boston, 34. \n\nCharlosgate, 92. Columbus Avenue, 94. \n\nCharlestown, first settlement of, i, 66; Columbus statues: Louisburg Snuare, 70 . \n\nannexed to Boston, 2, 3, 65-68. Cathedral grounds, 93. \n\nCharlestown I'.ridge, 57. Committee of Correspondence, Boston, 14. \n\nCharlestown ferry, 57. Commonwealth Avenue, 74; statues in, \n\nCharlestown Heights, 147. 78, 79, 146. \n\nCharter Street. Boston, s,-. 64. Commonwealth Avenue Parkway, 146. \n\nCharter Street, Salem, 163. Concord, 156-159; routes to, 152; map of \n\nCheapside (subsequently Cornhill), 16. 156. \n\nCheckley tomb, 27. Conrord Antiquarian Society, 156. \n\nChelsea, 2, 142, 14?- Concord Reformatory. 159 \n\nCheney estate, 121. Concord schools, 15.). \n\nCherry Street, Camhridgeport, 99. Congregational House, 45 ; Pilgrim Hall \n\nChestnut Hill Park, 14*. in, 4(1. \n\nChestnut Hill Reservoir, 114. C'ongr-.;s Street. Boston, former, 4; pres- \n\nChestnut Street, Boston, 72. ent, 46. \n\nChestnut Street, Salem, 163 Constitution, timber sought for. 13.1. \n\nCheverus, John, 15 Constit.ition Wharf, Boston, 64. \n\nChickatawbut Hill, ^33 Continental forts, sites of. Somerville, 143, \n\nChickering Hall. ,^>. 144. \n\n\n180 INDEX \n\nCon way, Field Marshal, 12. Davis Square, West Somerville, 144. \n\nCoolidge, John, gift of descendants of, to Dawes, Col. Thomas, monument to, 22. \n\nWatertown, 129. Dave, Stephen, first printer, 108. \n\nCoolidge, T. Jefferson, 104. Dedham, 137-139. \n\nCooper's Tavern, site, 152. Dedham Historical Society, 137-139. \n\nCopley, John Singleton, portraits by, 13, Deland, Margaret, homes of, 70, 72. \n\n38; site of house, 39; estate, 68, 86; Denison House, Boston, 94. \n\nsometime home of, at .Salem, 166. Derby Street, Salem, 163. \n\nCopley Square, car lines passing through, Deshon, Moses, artisan, 9, 14. \n\nvi; surroundings, 80. D'Kstaing. allusion to, 56. \n\nCopley Square Hotel, Si. Devens, Maj. Gen. Charles, statue of, 44. \n\nCopp, William (gave name to Copp's Hill), Dexter, Mis. Wirt, gate given lo Harvard \n\n62, 64. by, 100. \n\nCopp's Hill, 59-65. Dickens, Charles, in Boston, 25. \n\nCopp's Hill Burying Ground, 61-64. Diocesan House, 69. \n\nCopp's Hill Terrace, 64, 147. Dock Square, 4, 16. \n\nCorey, Giles, \" witchcraft\" victim, Salem, Dorchester District, i, 3, 97. \n\n164. Dorchester Heights, 95. \n\nCorey Hill, Brookline, 114. Dorchester Neck, 2. \n\nCorinthian Yacht Clubhouse, 160. Dorchester Park, 147. \n\nCorn Court, 15. Dorchesterway, 147. \n\nCornhill, 16. Doublet Hill, Weston. 117. \n\nCorwin, George, sheriff, 162 ; witchcraft Downing-Bradstreet house, Salem, 162. \n\nmemorials of, Salem, 165; grave, 166. Dowse Library. 91. \n\nCorwin, Judge Jonathan, 165. Drowne, \"Deacon\" Shem, artificer, 13, \n\nCottage Hill, Winthrop, 139. 52, 58; grave of, 62. \n\nCotton Hill, Boston, site, 20. Dudley, Gov. Joseph. 25 ; milestones set \n\nCotton, Rev. John, preacher, 5; estate, up by, 106. \n\n20; tomb, 22 ; original farm, 114. Dudley, Thomas, 108. \n\nCountry Club, Brookline, 113. Dudleys, tomb of the, 96. \n\nCounty Jail, Boston, 73 ; Salem, 160. Duel, first foi'ght in Boston, 7. \n\nCourt House of 1692, Salem, 165. Dummer, Gov. William, 26. \n\nCourt House, present, Boston, 20: Ded- Dunster, Henry. 6. \n\nham, 138; Plymouth, 169; Salem, 160. Dunster Street. Cambridge, 108. \n\nCourt Park, Winthrop, 140. Durant, Henry F., Wellesley College, 122 \n\nCourt Street, 16, 19. Durant, Pauline A. !•\"., 122. \n\nCow(or Horse) Pond, Boston Common, 33. Duxbury, 108. \nCraddock house, Medford, 145. \n\nCradle of American Liberty, 14. East Boston, 2, 3, 94 ; tunnel to, 10. \n\nCranch, Richard, 166. Eastern Yacht Clubhouse, 160. \n\nCrane Public Library, Quincy, 135. East India Marine Building, Salem, 162. \n\nCrawford, Thomas, statues by, of Bee- East Lexington, 153. \n\nthoven, 82 ; James Otis, 108; head of, S6. East Street, Dedham, 138. \n\nCreek Lane. 56. Echo Bridge, 124. 149. \n\nCrescent Beach, 141. Edward Everett Square, Dorchester, 75. \n\nCrispus Attucks Monument, 33. Egg Rock, off Nahant, 159. \n\nCrystal Lake, Newton, 126. Elevated Road, time tables furnished by, \n\nCummings & Sears, architects, 88. vii: lessee of Subway, 36: map of, 37. \n\nCushing, Lieut. Gov. Thomas, tomb of, 26. Eliot. Andrew, minister of the New North \n\nCushman, Charlotte, 25, birthplace, 58; Church, 59, 60. \n\nmonument, Mt. Auburn, 108. Eliot, President Chas. W., inscriptions on \n\nCushmans, graves of the, Plymouth, 170. monuments by, 24, 32, 37: pupil of Latin \n\nCushman School, Boston, ,S. School, 48; residence, 100. \n\nCustom House, Boston, n : Salem, 160, Eliot, John, son of Andrew, minister, 60. \n\n163. Eliot, John, the \"apostle,\" 5; site of \n\nchurch of, Roxbury. 95 : tomb, 96. \n\nDaille, Rev. Pierre, 26. Eliot Church. South Natick, 123. \n\nDana Hall School, Wellesley, 120. Eliot Monument, Newton, 118; South \n\nDana, Richard H., Sr., 72. Natick, 123. \n\nDana, Richard H., Jr., 107. Eliot Oak, South Natick, 123. \n\nDanvers, 161. Eliot School, North End, 57. \n\nDasset Alley (\"now Franklin Avenue), 17. Elliott, John, 83. \n\nDavenport, Rev. John, tomb of, 22. Ehnwood Avenue, Cambridge, 107. \n\nDavis, Capt. Isaac, 42. Emancipation Group, Park Square, 94. \n\n\nINDEX 18 1 \n\nEmerson, Dr. Edward W., 159. First Parish meetinghouse, Watertown, \n\nEmerson, Ellen, 156. 129. \n\nEmerson, Ralph Waldo, pupil of Latin First Religious Society in Roxbury, 95. \n\nSchool, 48; 51 ; minister Second Church, First (afterward North) Street. 57. \n\nBoston, 58, 88, 100; home of, Concord, Flagg (afterward Change) Alley. 15. \n\n156; in Old Manse, 157; grave, 157. Fogg Art Museum, Harvard I'niv., mi. \n\nEmerson, Rev. William, 46, 79. Follen Church, East Lexington, 153. \n\nEmerson house, Concord, 156. \" Foot of the Rocks,\" Arlington, 153. \n\nEmmanuel Church, 78. Forbes family estates, Milton, 132. \n\nEndicott, Gov. John, i ; site of house, Ford Building, 47. \n\nBoston, 20; site of house, Salem, 166; Forest Hills Cemetery, 97. \n\nportraits, 166. Fort Banks, Wimhrop, 140. \n\nEndicott, William C., 165. Fort Heath, Winthrop, 140. \n\nEnglish High School, Boston, 93 ; Cam- Fort Hill Square, 53. \n\nbridge, 99; Somerville, 144. Fort Independence, 147. \n\nEpiscopal Church Association. 60.. Fort Sewall, Marblehead, 160. \n\nEpiscopal church, second, established, 6<>. Forts : Boston, 147; Revolutionary, Rox- \nEpiscopal Theological School, 107. bury. 95; Marblehead, 160; first, at Ply- \n\nEricson, Leif, statue, 79 ; supposed site of mouth, 170; Winthrop, 140. \n\nhouse, 107, 108. Foster, John, 64, 77. \n\nEssex Institute, Salem, 161, 162. Foster Lane, 64. \n\nEssex Street, Salem, 162, 165. Fowle, Marshall, 128. \n\nEther Monument, 74, 76. Frankland, Sir Ham', 59. \n\nEustis, Gov. William, 155. Franklin, Benjamin, printing office, work \nEverett, Edward, portrait, 13; statue, 41, place of, 17; mon't to parents of, 27 ; at \n\n45,48,76, 107; grave of, Mt. Auburn, Latin School, 48 : statue, 48; birthplace, \n\n108. 52 ; place of baptism. 52 ; boyhood home, \n\nEvergreen Cemetery, Brookline, 115. 55; origin of ballad by, 63; gift of, to \n\nEverett, Edward, Square, 75. Harvard, 104. \n\nExchange Building, n. Franklin, James, brother of Benjamin, 17. \n\nExchange Street, former, 4. Franklin, josiah, dwelling and shop, 55 ; \nExcursions and tours, 171-174. tomb of Franklin and his wife, 26 ; mon- \n\nExeter Street, 89. ument, 28. \n\nEye and Ear Infirmary, 73. Franklin Avenue, ifi, 17. \n\nFranklin Field. 147. \n\nFairbanks house, Dedham, 138. Franklin Park, , 147. \n\nFaneuil, Peter, 8, 12, 14; successors, 14; Free Masons' hall, first, 55. \n\nmansion, 21 ; tomb, 26. Freeman, Rev. James, King's Chapel, 24. \n\nFaneuil Hall, location, 4, ii ; description, French, Daniel C., statues by: Rufus \n\n12,13; the second, 14; lottery' for, 14; Choate, 20; Gov. Wolcott, 43; Maj. \n\nsurroundings, 15. Gen. Hooker, 44; John Harvard, 104; \n\nFaneuil Hall Market, 16. the Minuteman, S2, 97, 158. \n\nFaneuil Hall Square, 15; west side, 16. French's redoubt, 143. \n\nFarnsworth, Isaac D., gift to Wellesley Frog Pond, Boston Common, 32, 33. \n\nCollege, 122. Frothingham, Richard. f«i. \n\nFarragut, Admiral, statue of, 95. Fuller, Margaret, birthplace, 99; monu- \nFay House, Cambridge, 106. ment, Mt. An bum, i«S. \n\nFederal Building, 52, 53. \n\nFederal Street, 53. Gage, Gen . Thomas, 6 1 , 104; headquarters, \nFederal Street, Salem, ifti, 164. Danvers, 101. \n\nFederal Street Church, 53. Gallop. Capt. John, hi. \n\nFederal Street Theater, 53. Gallop's Island, 62. \n\nFellsmere, 145. Gal loupe house, 62. \n\nFellsway, 141. Gallows Hill. Salem, 100, i^>. \n\nFellon, President, sometime home of, 100. Gardner, Mrs. John I.., art museum, 111, \nFens, 91, 92, no, 140. 1 12. \n\nFields, James T., \" Curtained Corner \" of, Gardner Circle, Brookline. 1 14. \n\n40; home of, 73. Gardner family tomb, Brookline. 112. \n\nFields, Mrs. Annie, 73. Garnsey, Elmer F... Xj. \n\nFirst Baptist Church (present), 17, 7^; Garrison, Wm. Lloyd, first public anti- \nfirst meetinghouse, site of, $<>. slavery address, 29; first office of the \nFirst Meetinghouse, Salem, i'>j. l.ibtrutttr, 53 ; mobbing of, 53; statue, \nFirst Parish Church, Brookline. 112. 78; home. i/> : tomb, >)7- \n\nFirst Parish Church, Quincy, 135. General Theological Library, 69. \n\n\n182 INDEX \n\nGerrish's, Col., regiment (Revolution^, 142. Hamilton, Alexander, statue of, 78. \n\nGerry, Elbridge, at Black Horse Tav- Hamilton Place, 30. \n\nern, 152. Hancock, Kbenezer, 56. \n\nGilbert, John, tomb, 97. Hancock, Lydia, 39. \n\nGilman, Rev. Samuel, author of \" Fair Hancock, Rev. John, grandfather of Gov. \n\nHarvard,'' 106. Hancock, tomb in Lexington, 15,. \n\nGinn & Company, publishing house, 37, Hancock, Rev. John, 2d (father of Gov. \n\n38, 47: Athensum Press, 98. Hancock1), grave in Quincy, 135. \n\nGirls' High School, 93. Hancock, Gov. John, 13; store, 15, 17; \n\nGloucester, 161, 171. tomb, 26, 27, 28; monument, 27, 28; \n\nGlover, Gen. John, statue of, 78. mansion, 37-39, 47; at Latin School, 4S; \n\nGoddard Chapel, Tufts College, 144. supposed house of, at Point Shirley, 139 ; \n\nGoddard Gymnasium, Tufts College, 144. at Lexington, 155 ; statue, 155. \n\nGoddard house, Brookline, 113. Hancock, Thomas, 39. \n\nGoffe, regicide, 109. Hancock Avenue, 37. \n\nGoodell, Abner C., Salem, 164. Hancock-Clarke house, Lexington, 155. \n\nGoose, Mary, 29. Hancock estate, 40. \n\nGore, Gov. Christopher, tomb, 26; gift of Hancock Hill, Milton, 133. \n\nGore Hall, Harvard, 100; house, izS. Hancock house, 37-39, 47. \n\nGould, Helen M., gift to Wellesley Col- Hancock monument, 27, 28. \n\nlege, 122. Hancock Row, Boston, 56 \n\nGould, Marshall S. and Thomas R., statue Hancock Street, Boston, 69 ; Quincy, 136 ; \n\nof Bridge by, 105. Lexington, 155. \n\nGould, Thomas R., statues by: Hancock Hancock Tavern, 15. \n\n(Lexington), 155: Andrew, 167; (with Hancock's Wharf, 65. \n\nMarshall S. Gould), Bridge (Cambridge), Handel and Haydn Society, 90. \n\n105. Harrington, Jonathan, Sr., East Lexing- \n\nGovemor Gore house, Waltham, 128. ton, 153. \n\nGovernor Hutchinson Field, Milton, 151. Harrington, Jonathan, fifer to the minute- \nGovernor's Alley (Province Street), 52. men, Lexington, 153. \nGrammar school, Boston, first, 60. Harrington, Jonathan, a minuteman killed \nGranary, the town, 30. at Lexington, 155. \n\nGranary Burying Ground, site, S, 25, 26. Harrington houses, East Lexington, 153 ; \n\nGrand Lodge of Mass., 35; of the Prov- Lexington, 155. \n\nince, first, 55. Harrison, Peter, architect, 23, :o6. \n\nGranite Temple, Quincy, 135. Hart's Hill, Wakefield, 150. \n\nGray, Francis C., gift of Gray's Hall to Hartt, Edmund, grave of, 62, 64. \n\nHarvard, 103. Harvard, John, monument, 66: site of \n\nGray, Judge Horace, house of, 70. dwelling of, 66; supposed place of grave, \n\nGreat Blue Hill Observatory, 133. 66; statue, 104. \n\nGreat Cove, 4, 10. Harvard Bridge, 109. \n\nGreat Elm, Boston Common, 32. Harvard Cooperative Association, 103. \n\nGreat Fire of 1711, 6, 8; of 1760, 7; of Harvard Dental School, 74. \n\n1872, 53, 87. Harvard Library, 100. \n\nGreat Head, Winthrop, 140. Harvard Medical School, 74, 81, m. \n\n\"Great House \" of the governor, Charles- Harvard Musical Association, 30, 72. \n\ntown, 66. Harvard Observatory, 100, 108. \n\nGreater Boston, 3. Harvard Union, 100. \n\nGreen, Dr. Samuel A., 92. Harvard University, 99-108; Harvard \n\nGreen Dragon Tavern, site, 55. Union, 100; gates, 100, 101 ; library, ico; \n\nGreen Lane (now Salem Street), 56. Sever Hall, 101 ; Appleton Chapel, 101 ; \n\nGreenough, Richard, statue of Franklin Fogg Art Museum, 101 ; Phillips Brooks \n\nby, 48; statue of Winthrop by, 108; House, 101 ; dormitories, 101-103; \n\nBunker Hill Monument devised by, 67. Hemenway Gymnasium, 103 ; Lawrence \n\nGreenwood. Francis W. P., grave of, 62. Scientific School, 103; Laboratory, 104; \n\nGriffin's Wharf, scene of Boston Tea Memorial Hall, 104 ; Robinson Hall, \n\nParty, 54. 104; old gymnasium, 104; Semitic Mu- \n\nGriffith, Vincent C., 77. seum,io4; Divinity Hall, 104 ; Peabocy \n\nGrover's Cliff, Winthrop, 140. Museum, 104 : Agassiz Museum, 104 ; \n\nBotanical Museum, 104 : Museum of \n\nHale, Edward Everett, birthplace, 25 ; Comparative Zoology, 104 ; Geological \n\nhomes, 47, 96; at Latin School, 48; pul- Museum, 104; Law School, 104; Rad- \n\npit, 89. cliff e College, 106 ; Soldier's Field, 107; \n\nHale, Nathan, 47, Observatory, 108; Botanic Garden, 108. \n\n\nINDEX 183 \n\nHathorne, Judge, of the \" witchcraft Horticultural Hall, 90. \n\ncourt,\" Salem, 163. Hotels, principal, of Boston, vii. \n\nHaven, Judge Samuel, house, Dedham, 138. Houdon, Jean Antoine, sculptor, 61. \n\nHawthorne, Nathaniel, customs officer, Hough's Neck, 171. \n\nBoston, n ; the prison in the \"Scarlet Houghton, Mifflin & Co., publishing \n\nLetter,\" 19; scene of the \" Legends of house of, 45. \n\nthe Province House,\" 52; birthplace, House of the Good Shepherd, 1 1 1. \n\nSalem, 61 ; note from, to J. F. Clarke. \" House of the Seven Gables,\" 164. \n\n71 ; later homes in Salem, 163, 164, 165 ; Howard Street. Salem, 164. \n\nmementos of, Salem, 163 : in Old Howe, Julia Ward, homes of, 72, So. \n\nManse, and the Wayside, Concord, 157; Howe, Samuel G., founder of Perkins \n\ngrave, 157. Institution for the blind, 95; grave, 108. \n\nHawthorne's Walk, Concord, 157. Howells, William D., 71. \n\nHaymarket Theater, site, 34. Howland, John, grave, Plymouth, 170. \n\nHealy, G. P. A., 12. Hull, 170. \n\nHemenway, Augustus, gift of, to Harvard, Hull, John, the \" mint master,\" 21 ; tomb, \n\n103. 27, 61. \n\nHemenway, Mrs. Mary, 51. Hull, Maj. Gen. William, grave, Newton, \n\nHemenway Street, 91. 125: former estate, 126. \n\nHemlock (Jorge, Newton Upper Falls, Hull Street, origin of name, 61. \n\n124; Reservation, 149. Hunnewell, H. Hollis, gifts to Wellesley, \n\nHenchman, Daniel, bookshop of, 5. 120; estate, 121. \n\nHenry L. Pierce Building, 8S. Huntington Avenue, 75. \n\nHibbens, Anne, 32. Huntington Avenue station, 81. \n\nHixginson, Henry L., patron of Boston Huntington Hall, 89. \n\nSymphony Orchestra, 30; one of the Hutchinson, Anne, 50. \n\ndonors of Harvard Union, 100 ; donor Hutchinson, Gov. Thomas, birthplace, 58, \n\nof Soldier's Field to Harvard, 107. 59; seat in Milton, 131. \n\nHigginson, Thomas W., 19. Huxhinson tomb (Copp's Hill), desecrn- \n\nHigh School, Lexington, 154; Milton, 133; tion of, 63. \n\nNewtonville. i2<>; Salem, 166; Somer- \n\nville, 144; Wellesley, 120. Important points of interest in Boston, \n\nHigh Street, Boston, the original, 5; Ded- 175. \n\nham, 137, 138. Indian of old Province House, 92. \n\nHighland Park, 95. Indian Bible, Kliot's, 108. \n\nHighland Street, 95. Independence Monument (first), 41. \n\nHighland ville, 123. Information Bureaus at railroad stations, \n\nHill. ml. George S., homes of, 71. vii. \n\nHillside Burying Ground, Concord, 157. Ingersoll family, home, Salem, 164. \n\nHingham, 167. 170. Institute of Technology, the Mass., 81 ; \n\nHoar, K. R., Judge, 157; birthplace, 158. buildings. 88. \n\nHoar, George F., 43; birthplace, 158. Institution Hill, Newton, 125. \n\nHoar, I^eonard, tomb of, 135. Isabella Stuart Gardner, Museum of Arts, \n\nHoar family, monuments, Concord, 157; in. \n\nhomes, Concord, 158. \n\nHog (Breed's) Island, 2. Jack, John, slave, Concord, 157. \n\nHoibrook mansion, Milton, 132. Jackson, Brig. Gen. Michael, grave of, 12$. \n\nHolden, Madame, gift of, to Harvard, mi. Jacob Sleeper Hall. See Boston Univer- \n\nHollis, Thomas, gift of, to Harvard, 101. sity. \n\nHollis Street Church, 34; united with Jamaica Park, 146. \n\nSouth Congregational, 89. Jamaica Plain, 97. \n\nHollis Street Theater, 34. Jamaica way. 146. \n\nHolmes. Oliver Wendell, quoted. 17, 29: Jeffries. B. Joy, 72. \n\nmemorial tablet in King's Chapel, 24; Jeffries Point, Fast Boston, 139. \n\nhomes of, 25. 38, 47, 51, 73, 80; me- Jerusalem Road, Cohasset, 167. \n\ntnentos of, in Boston Medical Library, Jewett, Sarah Orne, home of, 73. \n\n91; birthplace, 105; grave, loS. Johnson, F.llen C., memorial to, 91. \n\nHolmes Hall, Boston Medical Library, 91. Johnson, Isaac, colonist, i. \n\nHomeopathic Hospital, 47. 93. Joy Street (formerly Belknap Street), <*>. \n\nHooker, Maj. Gen. Joseph, statue of. 44. Judson, Acloniram, grave of, 170. \n\nHiM)[>er house, Danvers, 161. Julien, M., grave of, 34. \nHorse (or ('nw)Pond, Boston Common, 33. \n\nHorsford. F.bcn N., Norse memorials by, Keayne. (.'apt. Robert, situ of house of, 5; \n\n108, 117, 126, 129. will, 10. \n\n\n184 \n\n\nINDEX \n\n\nKeith's Theater, 34. Lodge, Henry Cabot, former Boston home. \n\nKemble, Fanny, 25. 70; at Nahant, 159. \n\nKeyes, Judge, historic house of Concord, I-ong, John 1)., Hingham home of, 167. \n\n157. \" Long Path, \" Holmes's, Boston Common, \nKidd, Capt., in colonial prison, ig. 39. \n\nKidder, Henry P., estate, Milton, 132. Long Wharf, 10. \n\nKilby Street, origin of name, 7. Longfellow, A. \\V., architect, 101. \n\nKimball, Moses, 94. Longfellow, Alden & Harlow, architects, \nKing (now State) Street, 7. 99. \n\nKing, Thomas Starr, 34. Longfellow, Alice, 107. \n\nKing's Beach and Lynn Shore Reservation, Longfellow, H. \\\\'.,?i ; house, Cambridge, \n\n150, 160. 107; grave, 108. \n\nKing's Chapel, description, 23, 24, 25, 48. Longfellow house, Cambridge, 107. \n\nKing's Chapel Burying Ground, 21. Loring, Judge, Winthrop estate, 140. \n\nKingston, 168. Louisburg Square, 70, 71. \n\nKitson, H. H., sculptor, 95. Louis Philippe in Boston, 15. \n\nKnox, Henry, bookshop of, 5, 13, 95. Love Lane (now Tileston Street), 60. \n\nKraus, Robert, sculptor, 33. Lovell, John, master Latin School, 14. \n\nLowell, Augustus, estate, Brookline, 113. \n\nLa Farge, John, decorations by, 86. Lowell, Rev. Charles, pulpit, 74; grave, \nLafayette, the Marquis de, 35, 43, 67; in 108. \n\nSalem, 161. Lowell, James Russell, 33, 37, 51; home \nLafayette Mall, 34. of, Cambridge, 107 ; grave, 108. \n\nLafresnaye Collection, 89. Lowell, Judge John, Winthrop estate, 140. \n\nLake, Capt. Thomas, 63. Lowell, John, Jr., founder of Lowell Insti- \nLamb Tavern, 34. tute, 89. \n\nLander, Gen. F. W., grave of, 166. Lowell, Percival, house of, 72. \n\nLangdon, Samuel, at Latin School, 48. Lowell House, Cambridge, 107. \n\nLasell Seminarv, 120. Lowell Institute, 89. \n\nLathrop, Rev. John, minister of Old North Lowell School of Practical Design, 89. \n\nChurch, grave of, 26; site of dwelling, Lowell Street, Concord, 158. \n\n58; portrait in Second Church, 88. Lyman, Arthur T., 147. \n\nLaan School, Boston. See Public Latin Lyman, Theodore, estate, Brookline, 113. \n\nSchool. Lynde, Benjamin, ist and 2d, graves of, \nLatin School, Cambridge, 99; Roxbury, 163. \n\n96; Salem, 166. Lynn, 159. \n\nLawrence, Abbott, former residence, 45; Lynn Shore Reservation, 150. \n\ngift to Harvard, 104. Lynn Woods, 150. \nLawrence schoolhouse, South Boston, 95. \n\nLee, Gen. Charles, headquarters of, 144. Mackerel Lane (now Kilby Street), 6, 7. \n\nLee, Henry, 51; estate, Brookline, 113. McKim, Charles F., architect, 37, 102. \n\nLee, Col. Jeremiah, at Black Horse McKim, Mead & White, architects, 85, 100. \n\nTavern, 152. MacMonnies, Frederick, statue by, 82. \n\nLee, Jesse, grave of, 62. Magazine Street, Cambridge, 99. \n\nLee, Thomas, gifts of, to city, 76, 78. Main Guardhouse (1768-1770), 5. \n\nLefavour, Henry, 90. Main Street, Medford, 145. \n\nLeslie, Lieut. Col., at Salem Bridge, 165. Majestic Theater, 34. \n\nLeverett, Gov. John, site of house, 6; Malcom, Capt. Daniel, gravestone of, 63. \n\ntomb, 23. Mall Street, Salem, 164. \n\nLeverett, John (president of Harvard), at Manchester-by-the-Sea, 161. \n\nLatin School, 48. Mann, Horace, statue of, 41. \n\nLeverett Park, 146. Manual Training School, Cambridge, 99. \n\nLeverett Pond, in. Marblehead, 160. \n\nLeverett's Lane, 4. Marblehead Neck, 160. \n\nLewis's Wharf, 64, 65. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods \nLexington, 154, 155; arms captured at, 44; Hole, 173. \n\nroutes to, 152; map, 154; Lexington Marine Hospital, Chelsea, 143. \n\nGreen, 154. Marine Park, South Boston, 95, 147. \n\nLexington Street, Lexington, 156. Market Street (afterward Cornhill), 16. \n\nLeyden Street, Plymouth, 170. Marshall Fowle house, Watertown, 128. \n\nLiberator, first offices of, 53. Marshall's Lane (now Street), 55, 56. \n\nLiberty Tree, 34. Marshfield, 168. \n\nLiberty Tree Tavern, Boston, 35. Masconomo House, Manchester-by-the- \nLind, Jenny, in Boston, 71. Sea, 161. \n\n\nINDEX \n\n\nMason, Dr. Lowell, 29. \n\nMasonic Temple, 35. \n\nMassachusetts Associaiion of the New \nJerusalem Church, 78. \n\nMassachusetts Avenue, extent of, 75; in \nArlington, 152, 153. \n\nMassachusetts Charitable Eye and Ear \nInfirmary. See Eye and Ear Infirmary. \n\nMassachusetts Charitable Mechanic Asso- \nciation, 81. \n\nMassachusetts College of Pharmacy. See \nCollege of Pharmacy. \n\nMassachusetts General Hospital, 73, 74. \n\nMassachusetts Historical Society, 16, 17; \nfounder of, 26, 52; building, 91. \n\nMassachusetts Homeopathic Hospital. \nSee Homeopathic Hospital. \n\nMassachusetts Horticultural Society. See \nHorticultural Society. \n\nMassachusetts Institute of Technology. \nSee Institute of Technology. \n\nMassachusetts Normal Art School. See \nNormal Art School. \n\nMassachusetts Spy, 56. \n\nMassacre of 1770, 7. \n\nMather, Cotton, at Latin School, 48; \nminister of the Old North Church, 58 ; \ntomb, 62, 88. \n\nMather, Increase, site of house, North \nSquare, 57; Hanover Street house, (x> ; \ntomb, 62, 142. \n\nMather, Mrs. Increase, grave in Brook- \nline, 112. \n\nMather, Nathaniel, grave in Salem, 163. \n\nMather, Richard, tomb, in Dorchester, 97. \n\nMather, Rev. Samuel, house, 59; tomb, 62. \n\nMather- Eliot house, 60. \n\nMathers, Church of the, 58. \n\nMattapan, 134. \n\nMatthews, Nathan, gift of, to Harvard, 103. \n\nMatthews, Nathan, Jr., 36. \n\nMaugus Hill, Wellesley, 120. \n\nMaverick, Samuel, fortified house of, 94, \n143- \n\nMead, Edwin I)., 51. \n\nMcdford, 145. \n\nMeetinghouse Hill, Dorchester, 97. \n\nMemorial Fountain (Ellen C. Johnson), 91. \n\nMemorial Hall, Cambridge, 49 ; Dedham, \n137; Lexington, 155. \n\nMenotomy, early name of Arlington, 152. \n\nMerchants' Exchange, n. \n\nMerchants Row, 7. \n\n\" Merrymount,\" 136. \n\nMerwin, Henry C., house of, 72. \n\nMetropolitan District, cities and towns in, \n08. \n\nMetropolitan Sewerage District Depart- \nment, 3. \n\nMetropolitan Svstcm of Parks, 3, 148-1 jr. \n\nMetropolitan Water Board. 3, ri?. \n\nMetropolitan Water District. 3. \n\nMeyer, George von I,., gift of, to Har- \nvard, tor. \n\n\nMiddlesex Fells, 145, 149. \n\nMilitary Company of Massachusetts, \nfirst, 5. \n\nMilk Street, 52, 53- \n\nMill Bridge, 56. \n\nMill Creek (now P.lackstone Street), 56. \n\nMill Pond, filling, 4r, 51, 56. \n\nMill Street, Salem, 166. \n\nMilmore, Martin, monuments by: in Bos- \nton, 32; Charlestown, 65 ; Mt. Auburn, \n108; statues by: in Boston, 78; Lexing- \nton, 155; tomb of , 97. \n\nMilton, 130-134. \n\nMilton Academy, 133. \n\nMilton Churches, 133. \n\nMilton Lower Mills, 130. \n\nMinuteman statue : Lexington, 155; Con- \ncord, 158. \n\nMisery Island, 160. \n\nMonument Street, Concord, 157. \n\nMore, Richard, Mayjltnver passenger, \ngrave of, 163. \n\nMorse Institute Library, Natick, 123. \n\nMorse, Rev. Jedidiah, 66. \n\nMorse, Samuel F. B., birthplace of, 66. \n\nMorse, Sidney H., sculptor, 88. \n\nMorton, Dr. W. T. G., monument to, 74. \n\n\" Mother Brook,\" 137. \n\nMother Goose, 29. \n\nMotley, John Lothrop, house of, 45 ; at \nLatin School, 48; boyhood home, 72. \n\nMoulson, Lady Anne, 106. \n\nMoulton's Point, 65. \n\nMt. Auburn Cemetery, 108. \n\nMt. Auburn Street, Cambridge, 107. \n\nMt. Vernon Street, 47, 72. \n\nMt. Wollaston, 136. \n\nMuddy River, 92, 109. \n\nMunroe's Tavern, Lexington, 154. \n\nMurray, W. H. H., 31. \n\nMurray's Barracks, 17. \n\nMuseum of Fine Arts. See Art Museum. \n\nMuseum School of Drawing and Painting, \n86. \n\nMusic Hall, old, 30. \n\nMyers, James J., ro3- \n\nMylcs, Rev. Samuel, 60. \n\nMystic ponds, 145. \n\nMystic River banks, 149. \n\nMystic Street, Arlington, r52. \n\nN.ihant, ij9. \n\nNantaskct Beach Reservation, r4S. \nNapoleon willow, 64. \nNatick, 123. \n\nNational Monument, Plymouth. r'>s. \nNatural History Museum. Xr, fy. \nNaval Hospital, Chelsea, 143. \nNavy Yard. Charlestown, 65. \nNecdham, 113. \nNeponset River, r34. \nNcponset River banks, r4-S. \nNew Brick (afterward Cockerel^ Church, \n58. \n\n\niSb INDEX \n\nNew Church Union, 78. Oxenbridge, Rev. John, tomb of, 22. \n\nNew England Children's Hospital, 91. Oxford Hotel, 81. \n\nNew England Conservatory of Music. y>. \n\nNew England Historic Genealogical Sod- Paine, Robert Treat, 13 ; tomb of, 26 ; \n\nety, 47. at Latin School, 48; portrait, 13. \n\nNew Jerusalem Church, headquarters, 7S. \" Palisadoed \" fort, first, Charlestown, 66. \n\nNew Old South Church, 87. Parade Ground, Pioston Common, 33. \n\nNewman, Robert, site of home of, 61. Parker, Capt. John, of the Lexington \nNewspaper Row, 52. minutemen, 44, 155. \n\nNewton Boat Club, 116. Parker, Theodore, indicud, 19: pulpit, \nNewton Boulevard, 115, 116. 31, 44; statue, 96: birthplace, 156. \n\nNewton Cemetery, 125. Parker House, 25, 48. \n\nNewton Center burying ground, 125. Parkman, Dr. George, 74. \n\nNewton Club, 126. Parkman, Francis, houses of, 72, 78. \n\nNewton Highlands, 125. Parkman, Samuel, 12, 13. \n\nNewton Hospital, 120. Park Street, 44, 45. \n\nNewton Lower Falls, 117, 120. Park Street Church, 29, 30. \n\nNewton Theological Institution, 125. Park Theater, 34. \n\nNewton Upper Falls, 124. Parkways, 151. \n\nNewtons, the, 116-119, 124-126. Peabody, 161. \n\nNonantum, 119; present village, 126. Peabody, Rev. A. P., sometime home of, \nNook's Hill, South Boston, 95. 100. \n\nNormal Art School, 89. Peabody, Dr. Nathaniel, house of, Salem, \nNorse Memorials. See Horsford. 163. \n\nNorth Battery (Battery Wharf), 10, 64. Peabody, Oliver W., estate, Milton, 132. \n\nNorth Bridge, Salem, 165. Peabody, Sophia, 71, 163. \n\nNorth Cambridge tablets, 152. Peabody Academy of Science, Salem, 161, \nNorth Church. See Old North Church. 162. \n\nNorth Cove, 41. Peabody Institute, Peabody. 161. \n\nNorth End, 3, 4, 54-65; beach, 147. Peabody Museum, Harvard, 104. \n\nNorth End (afterward the Eliot) School, 57. Pearl Street, 46, 53. \n\nNorth Grove Street, 24. Pelham, Penelope, 21. \n\nNorth Shore, 159-166. Pemberton Square, 20, 21. \n\nNorth Square, 57, 58. Percy, Lord, 39, 144 : at Lexington, 154. \n\nNorth Station, Boston, vii. Perkins, Thomas Handasyd, 26. \n\nNorth Street, 57. Perkins Institution for the Blind, 95. \n\nNorumbega Park, 116. Phillips Brooks, house of, 87. \n\nNorumbega Tower, 117. Phillips Brooks House, Harv. Univ., 101. \n\nNourse, Rebecca, witchcraft victim, 161. Phillips, Mayor John, 26. \n\nPhillips, Wendell, 13 : first antislavery \n\nOcean Spray, 139. speech of, 14; indicted, 19, 27; birth- \n\n\" Old Corner Bookstore,\" 49. place, 37, 69 ; grave, 132. \n\nOld Court House, 18, 19, 48. Phipps, Spencer. 15. \n\nOld Manse, Concord, 157. Phipps Street, Charlestown, burying \nOld North Bridge, Concord, 157, 158. ground, 65, 66. \n\nOld North Church, 58, 61. Phips, Sir William, 64. \n\nOld Powder House, Somerville, 144. Pickering, John, Salem, 166. \n\nOld Ship Church, Hingham, 167. Pickering house, Salem, 161, 166. \n\nOld South Meetinghouse, 50, 51. Pierpont, Rev. John, 34. \n\nOld State House, 4, 5, 8, 9. Pilgrim documents, Plymouth, 169. \n\nOld stone monument, Lexington, 155. Pilgrim Hall, Plymouth, 169. \n\nOld Town Dock, 15. ' Pillar of Liberty, Dedham, 138. \n\n\"Oldtown Folks,\" scene of H. B. Stowe's, Pillory, 4. \n\n123. Pinckney Street, 71. \n\nOlmsted, Frederick Law. 112. Pitcairn, Major, 57, 61, 155, 156. \n\nOrchard House, Concord, 156. \" Pitt's Head,\" Dedham, 138. \n\nO'Reilly, John Boyle, monument to, 92. Pleasant Street, Arlington, tablet, 153. \n\nOrient Heights, 141. Plummer Hall, Salem, 162. \n\nOrne, Col. Azor, at Black Horse Tavern, Plymouth. 167, 16^-170. \n\n152. Point of Pines, 141. \n\nOtis, James, 7; in Faneuil Hall, 14: tomb Point Shirley, 139. \n\nof, 26, 27 : picture representing, 42 ; Pormont, Philemon, 48. \n\nstatue, 108. Post Office, 52. \n\nOtis Street, Milton, 132. Post Office Square, 53. \n\n\nINDEX 187 \n\nPowderhorn Hill, Chelsea, 142. Rawson, Kdwarcl, 26. \n\nPowers, Hiram, statue by, 41, 86. Read, Benjamin T., gift to city by, 7^. \n\nPratt mansion, Chelsea, relic, 142. Read, Nathan, Salem, 162. \n\nPrescott, Col. William, statue of. (>o. Red Lion Inn, site of, 58. \n\nPrescott, William H., tomb of, 35: house, Reed, Capt. James, 155. \n\n40; birthplace, 162; the \"crossed Reformatory, Concord, 159. \n\nswords,\" 92. Reid, Robert, painter, 42. \n\nPrince, Rev. Thomas, tomb, 26; library Reservoir Park, 115. \n\nof, 51. Revere, 2, 141, 142. \n\nPrince Street (formerly Black Horse Revere, Paul, tomb of, 26, 55; North \n\nLane), 57. Square house, 57, 58; tablet in Christ \n\nPrison Lane (afterward Court Street), 19. Church, 60; site of last home, 64; foun- \n\nProspect Hill, Somerville, 143 ; Waltham, dry, 64, 131 ; at Lexington, 155. \n\n118, 126. Revere Beach, 141 ; Reservation, 150. \n\nProvince Court, 52. Revere House, 98. \n\nProvince House, 52, 72. Revolutionary soldiers' graves, Newton, \nProvince Street (Governor's Alley), 52. 120. \n\nPublic Gannon, statues and monuments, Rhodes, James Ford, home of, So. \n\n76, 77, 146. Richardson, H. H., architect, 86, 101, 104, \nPublic Latin School, various sites, 48; 145. \n\ndistinguished pupils of, 48593. Ridge Hill Farm, 121. \n\nPublic Library, Boston, first provision for, Rimmer, Dr. William, statue by, 78. \n\n10; site of first, 34; present, 82-85. Rindge, Frederick H., gifts of, to Cam- \nPublic Libraries: Arlington (Robbins bridge, 99. \n\nMemorial), 153; Brookhne, 114; Cam- Rising Sun Tavern, 131. \n\nbridge, 99; Lexington (Carey), 155; Riverside, 116. \n\nConcord, 158; Maiden (Converse Me- Riverside Avenue, Medford, 145. \n\nmorial), 145; Milton, 133; Quincy, 135; Riverside Recreation Ground, 116. \n\nSalem, 166; Somerville, 144; Water- Riverway, 146. \n\ntown, 128; Wellesley, 120. Robbins Memorial Library, Arlington, 153. \n\nPublic parks, 146-151. Rockport, 161. \n\nPudding I,ane (now Devonshire Street), 5. Rogers, Randall, statue by, 108. \n\nPuling, John, (.1. Rogers, William B., 88. \n\nPullen Poynt. 139. Rogers Building, Inst. of Tech., 88, 89. \n\nPunch-Bowl Tavern, in. Rogers Building, Washington Street, 5. \n\nPutnam, Gen. Israel, headquarters, Cam- Rogers Park, 148. \n\nbridge, (/); Somerville, 143 ; birthplace Ropes, John C., house of, 72. \n\nof, 161. Rotch and Tilden, architects, 99. \n\nPutnam, Gen. Rufus, 7. Rowe's Wharf, 139. \n\nPuvis de Chavannes, decorations by, 82. Roxbury District, i, 2, 3, 95, 96. \n\nRoxbury Latin School, 96. \n\nQuaker meetinghouse, 17. Royal Customhouse, site of, 7. \n\nQuakers, incarceration of, 19: execution, 32. Royal F.xchange Lane (now Kxchange \nQueen Street (afterward Court St.), 16, 19. Street), 4. \n\nQuinry, 2, 134-136. Koyal Kxchange Tavern, site of, 7. \n\nQuincy, Dorothy, 135, 136. Royall mansion house, Medford, 14?. \n\nQuincy, F.dmond, tomb of, 135; dwelling, Ruck house, Salem, 166. \n\n136. Rumford, Count (Benjamin Thompson*, \nQuincy, Josiah (first mayor of Quincyl, n; 56. \n\nhouse of, 4;; statues of, 49. Rumney Marsh, 139. \n\nQuincy, Josiah, Jr. (d. 1775), 135. Russell, Jason, house of, Arlington, 153. \n\nQuincy Historical Society, 13'). Russell estate, Milton, 131. \nQuincy House. 17. \n\nQuincy mansion house, Quincy, 136. St. Andrews Lodge, 55. \n\nQuincy Market House, n. St. Botolph Church, Boston, K.ng ., gift to \nQuincy shore, 148. Trinity Church, Kf>. \n\nQuincy Street, Cambridge, 100. St. Botolph Clubhouse. 7*. \n\nSt. Botolph Street, .V>. \n\nRadcliffe College, 106. St. Gaudens, Augustus, sculpture by, 37. \nRadical Club. 72. 82. \n\nRandolph, 2. St. Gaudens, Louis, sculpture by. 8j. \n\nRandolph, Kdward. 24. St. John Tin-illogical Seminary of, 115. \n\nRatcliffe, Rev. Robert, in Colonial prison, St. Margaret'* Hospital, 71. \n\n191 rector of King's Chapel, 24. St. Pauls Church, 35. \n\n\nl88 INDEX \n\nSalem, i ; points of interest, 160, ifit ; South Boston, 2, 95. \n\nitinerary, 162-166. South Congregational Church, 89 \n\nSalem Street, 56. South End, 92. \n\nSanborn, Frank B., house of, Concord, 158. South Shore, 167-170. \n\nSandham, Henry, painting by, 155. South Station, Boston, vii. \n\nSargent, Charles S., estate, Brookline, 112. Sparks, Jared, 107. \n\nSargent, John S. , paintings by, 82. Spiritual Temple, 89. \n\nSargent, Mrs. John T., museum of, 72. Spring Hill, Somerville, 144. \n\nSaugus, 159. Spring Street, Lexington, 156. \n\nSavage, Maj. Thomas, tomb of, 23. Spy Pond, 153. \n\nSchlesinger estate, Brookline, 113. Stamp Act, excitement over, 5, 14, 34, 58. \n\nSchool of Philosophy, Concord, 156. Standish, Miles, cottage and grave, 168; \n\nSchool Street, 48. sword, 169. \n\nScituate, 167. Standish Monument, Duxbury, 168. \n\nScollay Square, vii. Stark, Brig. Gen. John, gifts to State, 44, \n\nSecond Church, Copley Square, 58, 88. 145. \n\nSecond Parish Church, Dorchester, 130. State House, 40-44 ; Annex, 39, 68. \n\nSecond Regiment, M.V.M., 82. State Library, 43. \n\nSecond Universalist Church, 94. State Street, 4, 5, 7. * \n\nSenate, the Little, 14. Stebbins, Emma, statue by, 41. \n\nSergeant, Peter, 52. Stimson, Frederick J., house of, Dedham, \n\nSever, Mrs. Anne E. P., gift of, to Har- 137. \n\nvard, 101. Stoddardhou.se, site of, 57. \n\nSewall, Chief Justice Samuel, diarist, 21; Stone, Dr. A. L., 30. \n\ntomb of, 26; \" confession of contrition,'' Stone, Mrs. Valeria, gift to Wellesley \n\n52, 56, 61. College, 122. \n\nShadrach, slave, 19. Stony Brook, 118 ; Reservation, 97, 149. \n\nShaler, Professor, house of, 100. Storer collection of medical medals, 91. \n\nShattuck, Samuel, and \"The King's Mis- Story, Judge Joseph, statue of, loS ; home \n\nsive,\" 20: of, Salem, 164. \n\nShaw, Judge Lemuel, house of, 69. Story, William W., statues by, 66, 76, \n\nShaw, Maj. Samuel, monument to, 63. 108, 149; birthplace, 164. \n\nShaw estate, Wellesley, 121. Stoughton, Lieut. Gov. William, tomb of, \n\nShaw Memorial, 37. 97. \n\nShawmutt, meaning of , i. Strandway, 147. \n\nSheafe, Jacob, tomb of, 23. Strong, Gov. Caleb, 13. \n\nShepard Memorial Church, Cambridge, 58. Strong's Pond, 115, 119. \n\nShirley, Gov. William, 25. Stuart, Gilbert, portraits by, 13, 46; grave, \n\nShopping district, 35. 34, 166. \n\nShrimpton's Lane, 4. Stuart, Jane, copy of Washington portrait \n\nShute, Gov. Samuel, 25. by, 166. \n\nSilver Lake, Nonantum, 126. Sturgis & Cabot, architects, 85. \n\nSimmons, Edward, paintings by, 42. Subway, 31 ; Park Street station, 35 ; map \n\nSimmons Female College, 89, in. of route, 36. \n\nSimmons, John, founder Simmons Female \" Suffolk Resolves \" house, Milton, 130. \n\nCollege, 90. Sullivan, Gov. James, tomb of, 26. \n\nSims, Thomas, slave, 19. Sumner, Charles, first antislavery speech \n\nSleepy Hollow Cemetery, Concord, 157. of, 14, 30, 41 ; home of, 69 ; statues, 77, \n\nSmibert, John, 13; portraits by, 38. 105; grave of, 108. \n\nSmith Court, antislavery landmark in, 69. Sumner, Gov. Increase, tomb of, 26. \n\nSmith, Rev. Samuel F., author of \"Amer- Swinnerton, Dr. John, grave of, Salem, \n\nica,\"2g: birthplace, 61. 163. \n\nSoldiers' Home, Chelsea, 142. Symphony Hall, 90; illustration, 91. \nSoldiers' Monuments : Boston Common, \n\n32, 65; Charlestown, 65; Chelsea, 143; Taft's Hotel, Point Shirley, 139. \n\nConcord, 157; Natick, 123; Waltham, Takawambait, Daniel, 123. \n\n127; Watertown, 128. Talleyrand in Boston, 15. \n\nSomerset Club, 39. Taylor, Rev. Edward T., 59. \n\nSomerset Hotel, 92. Tea Party Wharf, 53, 54. \n\nSomerset Street, 47. Technology Clubhouse, 89. \n\nSomerville, 143, 144. Telegraph Hill, South Boston, 95. \n\nSons of Liberty, 5, 34. Ten Hills Farm, Winthrop's, 145. \n\nSouth Avenue, Weston, 117. Thacher, Rear Admiral, tomb of, 97. \n\nSouth Battery (Rowe's Wharf), 10. Thacher, Rev. Peter, of Milton, 132, 134. \n\n\nINDEX 189 \n\n\nThacher, Rev. Peter, oration of, 1776, 129: Ursuline Convent, bricks from, in Cathe- \n\ninscription to, 132. dral, 93. \nThacher, Rev. Thomas, tomb of, 23. \n\nThatcher's Island, 161. Vane, Sir Harry, site of house of, 20; \n\nThayer, John E., 70. statue, 82. \n\nThayer, Nathaniel, 70; gift to Harvard, 103. Vassal, Col. John, 21, 107; Leonard, 136; \n\nTheaters in Boston, viii, 34. William, 21. \n\nTheodore Parker Church, West Roxbury, Vendome, Hotel, 80. \n\n96. Vergoose, Elizabeth, 29. \n\nThompson, Benjamin. See Rumford, Victoria, Hotel, Si. \n\nCount. Victoria, Queen, portrait, 161. \n\nThoreau, Henry D., grave at Concord, 157; Vigilance Committee, 14. \n\nhouse, 158; site of hut at Walden. 158. Village Green, Dedham, 138. \n\nTicknor, George, house of, 44. Village Square, Rrookline, in, 113. \n\nTicknor & Fields, 49. Vinland, the Norse, 117. \n\nTileston, John, early schoolmaster, 57. Vose mansion, Milton, 131, 137. \nTory Row, Cambridge, 107. \n\nTouraine, Hotel, 34. Waban Hill, Newton, 116, 119. \n\nTown Dock, 4, 16. Waban, Lake, 121. \n\nTown Halls: Brookline, 114; Lexington, Walden Pond, Concord, 158. \n\n155, 156; We'lesley, 120, 121. Walker Building, 88. \n\nTown Hill, Charlestown, 66. Walker, Henry Oliver, paintings by, 42. \n\nTown House, Boston, first, 8, 10; second. Walnut Street, 72. \n\n8; meeting place of first Episcopal Walnut Street, Brookline, 112. \n\nchurch, 24: Milton, 133; Salem, 162. Waltham, 3, 126-128. \n\nTrain, Enoch, 70. Waltham Street, Lexington, 155. \n\nTranscendental Club, 72. Waltham Watch Company, 127. \n\nTremont Row, 20. Ward, J. A. A., sculpture by, 76. \n\nTremont Street, 20; mall, 34. Ward, Joshua, house, Salem, 162. \n\nTremont Temple, 25. Ware and Van Brunt, architects, 119. \n\nTremont Theater, 34. Warner, Olin L., statues by, 44, 78. \n\nTrimountane, i. Warren, Henry, 100. \n\nTrinity Church, 86. Warren, James, house in Watertown, 129. \n\nTrinity Place station, 81. Warren, Dr. John, 49. \n\nTrowbridge, John T., home of, Arlington, Warren, Dr. John Collins, tablet erected \n\n153. by, 96, 1 12. \n\nTufts College Medical and Dental School Warren, Gen. Joseph, 13 ; site of house of, \n\nin Boston, 91 ; buildings on College Hill, 18; obsequies, 24; tombs, 27, 35, 51, 55, \n\n144, 145. 97: statue, 67; birthplace, 96, 129. \n\nTurner Street, Salem, 164. Warren, William, comedian, 21. \n\nTwentieth Century Building, 90. Warren Avenue Baptist Church, .14. \n\nTwentieth Century Club, 69. Warren Bridge, 65. \n\nTwentieth Regiment, M.V.M., 82. Warren Street, Brookline. 112. \n\nTwin churches, Milton, 133. Washington Elm, Cambridge, 105. \n\nWashington, George, portraits, 12, 46, if/i; \n\nI'nion Club, 45. busts, 43, 61 ; statues, 41, 77; in Cam- \n\nI'nion Market station. 128. bridge, 103, 106, 1.7; in Chelsea, 142: \n\nUnion Stone, site, 56. at Munroe s Tavern, Lexington, 154; in \n\nUnion Street, 55. Salem, 162. \n\nUnion Street. Salem, 161, 163. Washington, Martha, 129. \n\nI tiitari.m Building. 45. Washington Monument Association, 41. \n\nUnitarian Church, Concord, 156; Lexing- Washington, Mt , Chelsea. 14.' \n\nton, 155. Washington I'.nk, Chelsea, 142. \n\nUnited States Arsenal, Watertown. See Washington Square, Salem, 1(14. \n\nArsenal, Watertown. Washington Street, 5. i'>; in Newtun, it*; \n\nUnitedStatesNav.il Hospital. See Naval S.ilem, 161, 165. \n\nHospital. Watch house, Plymouth, 170 \n\nUnited States Navy Yard. See Navy Watertown. i. 12'.. 128. 129. \n\nYard, Charlestown. W.jverlt-v ( )aks Reservation, 14.1 \n\nUniversity Clubhouse, No. Way-Ireland house. Chrlsr.i. 142. \n\nUpturn's Corner burying ground. Dor- Wavside, The, Concord, n-. \n\nchcster, 97. Webster, Daniel, 14, u; sta'ur of. 41; \n\nUpsall, Nicholas, Reil I.i2. . \nWinchester, 145, \n\n\nWinslow, Edward, \"Careswell,\" 168. \n\nWinslow, John, 23. \n\nWinslow, Rear Admiral John A., 13 ; \n\nhouse, 96 ; tomb, 97. \nWinslow family, tomb of, 23. \nWinter Hill, Somerville, 144. \nWinthrop, 139-141. \n\nWinthrop, IJeane, 139; house of, 140. \nWinthrop, Fitz John, 22. \nWinthrop, Gov. John, first house, i, 6 ; \n\nsecond house, 50; statues, is, 19, 108; \n\ntomb, 22, 44, 51, 66, 143; Ten Hills \n\nFarm, 145. \n\nWinthrop, John, Jr., tomb of, 22. \nWinthrop, Prof. John, tomb of, 22 ; tele- \nscope used by, 104. \nWinthrop, Margaret, 22. \nWinthrop, Robert C., 113. \nWinthrop, Wait Still, 22. \nWinthrop Shore Reservation, 149. \nWinthrop Square, Charlestown, 65. \nWiswall's Pond. Newton, 126. \nWitch House, Salem, 165. \nWitchcraft, documents and relics, Salem, \n\n165; jail of 1692, Salem, 164. \nWolcott, Gov. Roger, statue of, 43. \nWoman's Clubhouse, 90. \nWood Island Park, 94, 147. \nWoodbridge, Benjamin, killed in duel, 7 ; \n\ngrave of, 28, 32. \nWoods, Henry E., editor, 47. \nWoodward Tavern, Dedham, 131, 137. \nWoodworth, Samuel, scene of his \" Old \n\nOaken Bucket,\" 167. \n\nWorcester, Joseph E., in Cambridge, 107. \nWorthylake, George, 63. \nWright Tavern, Concord, 156. \nWriting School, first Free, 18 ; first, 60. \n\nYachting, off City Point, 95. \nYeaman house, Chelsea. 142. \nYoung Men's Christian Association, 81. \nYoung Men's Christian Union, 35. \n\n\nPLATE I. \n\n\nPLATE II. \n\n\nPLATE III. \n\n\nPLATE IV. \n\n\n/ \\TSuntaug \n\nApo-wiU I \\^JjL. \n' j^^MaAtrait •' \n\nKM- J V-v/ X^Wd \n\n\\-j~^^> • \n\n~^S \n\nPROVIDENCE, R.I., U.S.A. \n\n\n. \n\n\nATLANTIC SCREW WORKS \n\n\nDAVID TILTON \nProprietor \n\nHARTFORD \nCONN. \n\n\nHUMASON & BUCKLEY MFG. CO. \n\nNEW BRITAIN, CONN. \n\n\n{F$est !/ \\ti \n\n\nShowing Construction of \nPatent Handle \n\n\nBOSTON PATENT \n\nBOX, HAY \nMEAT, AND COTTON \n\nHOOKS \n\n\nShingle and Slate Rippers \nStaging Bracket Irons \nRipping and Boning Chisels \nLadder and Corned-Beef Hooks \n\n\nCHAS. L. UNDERBILL \n\nSOMERVILLE, MASS. \n\n\nNEW ENGLAND AGENTS FOR \n\nNational Steel Joist and Wall Hangers \n\nThe strongest timber hanger made. Tensile strength, 64,000 pounds square inch \nBoston representatives RUSSELL & ERWIN MFG. CO., New Britain, Conn. \n\nManufacturers BUILDERS' HARDWARE \nMANUAL TRAINING BENCHES, TOOLS, AND SUPPLIES \n\nCHANDLER & BARBER, 122-126 Summer St., Boston, Mass. \n\n\nSEE BOSTON \n\n\nF. A. WATERMAN, The Boston Guide, personally conducts \ndelightful parties in Boston or Cambridge, and quickly shows and ex- \nplains the historic and interesting places and buildings visited and seen \nTHREE-HOUR TRIP, FIFTY CENTS \n\nParties leave at 9.30 and 2.30, front of Park Street Church, Boston \n\nOpposite 1 22 Tremont Street, near Park Street Subway Station \n\nSpecial parties during \"Hardware Week\" Will be arranged for. Apply at Information \nBureau, Convention Headquarters \n\n18 \n\n\nA*«JS we have been chosen \n.H Official Photographers \nby the New England \nHardware Dealers' \nAssociation for the \noccasion of their Annual Conven- \ntion, we wish to state that our \nstudio will be headquarters for \nphotographic work of all kinds. \nWe are prepared to make \nsingle photos, groups, and any- \nthing that may be wanted in our \nline. \n\nAll members of the Association \nwill be entitled to a very liberal \ndiscount on all photographic work. \n\n\nSTUDIO AT 21 WEST STREET \n\n\nTiTT ANY OF THE TOOLS \nI y ^ of everyday use are, after \n/ the lapse of centuries, of \n\nthe same design and combination \nof parts as when first evolved. It is \ntrue that steel has taken the place of \nstone and copper in their making, \n\n\nbut with this change the evolution of such tools \nceased. It will be noted that while architec- \nture, dress, custom, etc., can be designated as \nof such or such an era or time, tools are of and \nfor all times. \n\nThe\" Perfect Handle Tools \n\nof which the \" Perfect Handle\" Screw-Driver, \nmachinists' pattern, with square shank for \nwrench and regular pattern are both shown \nherewith. \n\nThe \"PERFECT HANDLE\" \nHammer • Drawing Knife -Trowel • Hatchet \n\nare the first of such tools that have deviated from \nthe monotony of imitation in years — in more \nyears than the memory of man runneth. Not \nonly are they of original design but they are ex- \nceedingly practical, of exceptional merit, salably \npriced, and are well worth your having. A II \nlive dealers sell them and they are backed by \n\n\nthe fullest guarantee of their maker. \n\n\nMADE BY \n\n\nH. D. SMITH & CO. \n\n\"The First Drop Forgers \" \n\nPLANTSVILLE - CONN. \n\n\nIndependence Hall, Philadel- \nphia, painted with Harrison's \n\"TOWN & COUNTRY\" Paint. \nCall at booth No. 8 and get a \nfine engraving on heavy plate \npaper, suitable for framing \n\nHarrison Bros. & Co., Inc \n\n\nPaint Colors Varnish While Lead Chemicals \n\nPhiladelphia New York Chicago Cincinnati \n\nNew Orleans Houston St. Louis Kansas City \n\nHuston, ii- Pearl Street \n\n\nCije national f^artitoare Bulletin \n\nPUBLISHED BY \nAND OFFICIAL ORGAN OF \n\nRational Eetail ^arDtoare association \n\n(INCORPORATED) \n\nIssued monthly .... 50 cents per year in advance \nPublished at ARGOS, INDIANA \n\n\nHardware \n\nDEVOTED TO THE AMERICAN HARDWARE TRADE \nPublished on the loth and 25th of each month by \n\n\nIbarfcware flMtblisbing Co, \n309 Broatnvas * = * * IRcw l^orfe \n\n\nSubscription, $1.00 per year To Foreign Countries, $2.50 \n\n\nYoung's Hotel \n\nCourt Street and Court Square \n\nParker House Hotel Touraine \n\nSchool and Tremont Streets Boylston and Tremont Streets \n\nBOSTON \n\n* \nJ. R. WHIPPLE COMPANY \n\nTHE WM. SCHOLLHORN COMPANY \n\nManufacturers of \n\nPliers, Nippers, Punches, Dividers, Etc. \n\nNEW HAVEN, CONN. \n\n/. B. HUNTER & CO. \n\nThe Coburn Trolley Track \n\nNew England Agents for c^ \n\n