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CULLKN & COMPANY. \n\n\nThi* book is sold only by subscription by us and through our authorized agents* \n\nIt can never be obtained in any other -way, excepting fraudulently. \n\nAll persons are -warned not to buy *this book from \n\nstores, as all -who sell it unauthorized by \n\nus will be held responsible. \n\n\npwrss or \n\nBochtattl anil Cfjurchtlt \n\nBOSTON \n\n\nINTRODUCTION. \n\n\nTHE purpose of this work is to give an account of the settlement, \nprogress, and development of the Irish and their descendants \nin Boston, from the earliest times. \n\nThe propriety, expediency, and necessity of presenting the \nsubject was conceived by the author ten years ago, while engaged in \npreparing an article for the Boston \" Pilot,\" relating to the Irishmen \nof Boston. The work then seemed to be impracticable, by reason \nof the complex character of unpublished historical data, the long \nperiod of time that would be required to unravel the skein and \nweave the story together. \n\nWithin a few years the labor of examining various histories \nand collecting manuscripts of invaluable interest and worth was \ncommenced. The researches in this direction revealed many sur- \nprising events in the colonial, as well as in the more recent history of \nBoston, wherein Irishmen were active participants ; and, strange to \nsay, where the importance of their achievements is mentioned at all, \nor they themselves are written about, the most meagre information \nis given. \n\nBy careful study and recourse to comparative references many \nfacts, hitherto generally unknown, were brought to light. \n\nAn examination of the table of comparative statistics shows an \nunequalled record of immigration to Boston, to the credit of the Irish \nnation. Nor were all the early Irish settlers here \" hewers of wood and \ndrawers of water.\" Amongst the dignified professional, mercantile,1 \n\n\n'John Cogan, of the County Cork, Ireland, was the father of mercantile life in Boston. \nHe was the first to open a store on the north-east corner of Washington and State streets. \nHis house stood on the north-west corner of Tremont and Beacon streets. In 1635 \nNathaniel Hancock came from Ireland, and settled in Newtown (now Cambridge, Mass.). \nHe died in Cambridge, in 1652. See Holmes' Annals. \n\n(iii) \n\n\nIV INTRODUCTION. \n\nand commercial l men of the time stood the self-reliant and brainy \nIrishman. \n\nIn 1634 the General Court of Massachusetts granted lands to \nIrish and Scotch gentlemen on the Merrimac river, now Newbury- \nport.2 The successive communities from the old Puritan days have \nrealized the good and useful deeds of the Irish in this city, whose \nunswerving fidelity and loyalty to Boston, old and new, remain \nunsurpassed. \n\nTheir love of liberty, their hatred of oppression, their valor and \nheroism in the War for Independence, when remembered, should sink \nso deep in the hearts of their fellow-citizens as to fraternize them \nforever. When lovely Peace had spread her white pinions over the \nland, Irishmen wended their way to the farm, the workshop, and the \nmill. \n\nTheir adaptability and loyal adherence at all times to the \nstrange and newly constructed government which followed the \nRevolution, and their observance of the stranger laws and customs \nthen introduced, are as characteristic of them as their love of \nindustry, thrift, and success. \n\nOnce in this free country, they guarded her interests, of which \ntheirs formed an integral part, jealously, carefully, valiantly. \n\nThe Irish soldier of Boston engaged in the successive wars that \nfollowed the Revolution, and the reader has but to turn to the pages \nof history to find him fighting and dying on the altar of liberty in \nits defence. Scrutinize the regimental history of the Union armies : \n\n*A.D. 1636, mo. 3, 15. \"Here arrived a ship called the 'St. Patrick,' belonging to \nSir Thomas Wentworth, Deputy of Ireland, one Palmer, Master. When she came near \nCastle Island the Lieutenant of the fort went aboard her, and made her strike her flag, \nwhich the master took as great injury, and complained of it to' the magistrates; who \ncalling the Lieutenant before them, heard the cause, and declared to the master, thai \nhe had no commission so to do. And because he had made them strike to the fon \n(which had then no Colors aboard) they tendered the master such satisfaction as h< \ndesired, which was only this, that the Lieutenant aboard their ship should acknowledge his \nerror, that so all the ships company might receive satisfaction lest the deputy should hav< \nbeen informed that he had offered that discourtesy to his ship, which he had never offeree \nto any before.\" — \" Winthrop's Journal,\" p. 100, Vol. L \n\n1 See Records of General Court, Vol. i., p. 28. \n\nII \n\n\nINTRODUCTION. V \n\nWhere will we find the Union soldiers, foreign or native born, nearer \nthe breastworks of the enemy than those who wore the sprig of \ngreen ? \n\nGenerations of Irishmen have made their home in Boston. \nThey and their descendants have inwrought their work on the \nvarious departments of municipal life. Where is it recorded ? Have \nwe an Irish Historical Society in Boston to preserve the history and \nlives of our people ? \n\nIn this respect there has been a void in the literature of Boston. \nThe original design of this work was draughted on a much smaller \nscale ; but, by the advice of many persons eminent in letters and \npublic life, it was enlarged. \n\nThe subject is presented in two parts — historical and bio- \ngraphical. The first seven historical chapters were written by Mr. \nWilliam Taylor, Jr. \n\nThe biographical sketches — Distinguished Men of Early Times, \nRepresentative Men of Our Own Times, and Noted Women, — \nincluding a newly written sketch of the Catholic Church in Boston, \nSketches of Men in Professional and Public Life, etc., were written, \nand in some instances compiled, by the author, who 'also prepared \nthe table of contents, in a way to make it interesting. The en- \ngravings were made especially for this work. \n\nIf the work shall lead to a more thorough knowledge of the \ngood accomplished by the Irish in Boston, and thereby awaken \na fuller appreciation of their worth as citizens, its object will have \nbeen attained. \n\nJ. B. C. \n\nBOSTON, MASS., February, 1889. \n\n\nCONTENTS. \n\n\nCHAPTER I. \n\nPAOK \n\nTHE Irish in the colonial period. — St. Botolph's town. — Pro-English and Anti-Irish \nfeeling among the colonists. — Irish names that appear in Boston's colonial his- \ntory. — Causes of Irish emigration. — Religious prejudice. — The authorities extend \nan invitation to the New-England colonists to settle in Ireland. — The undesirable- \nness of Ireland as a home at that time. — The \"Scotch-Irish.\" — Visits of the \nPuritans to Ireland. — American colonists of Irish descent. — Declaration of the \ncitizens of the town on the Catholic question. — Extracts from the town records \nof Sept. 22, 1746. — \"Pope's night\" in Boston. — Burning the Pope in effigy. \n— Gen. Washington appears on the scene. — He reprimands the soldiers. — \nThe Abbe de la Poterie. — Irish apostates. — Difference in race between the \n\" Scotch-Irish \" and the Catholic-Irish. — The Charitable Irish Society. — \" Of the \nIrish Nation.\" — The Scots' Charitable Society. — AJD. 1636. — The Brecks of \nDorchester. — A numerous and distinguished family. — An unrecorded deed. — \n\" Robert Breck of Galway, in Ireland, merchant.\" — Florence Maccarty in Boston \nas early as 1686. — Thaddeus Maccarty and family. — Edward Mortimer, the \nmathematician and volunteer fireman. — Distinctively Irish names which appear \nin the register of births, marriages, and deaths, in Boston, from 1630-1700.— \nUnder Cromwell's government many Irish people emigrate to New England. — \nOn their arrival they are sold as slaves. — The reason why. — In 1654 the ship \n\" Goodfellow \" arrives at Boston with a large number of Irish immigrants. — \nWhat Cotton Mather says. — The petition of Ann Glyn and Jane Hunter, spins- \nters, lately arrived from Dublin, Ireland. — English criminals systematically sold \nto the colonists. — Daring pirates kidnap men and sell them to Americans. — \nThe brigantine \" Bootle,\" Capt. Robert Boyd commanding, touches Boston in \nAugust, 1736. — The selectmen order him not to let his passengers \" Come on \nShoar.\" II \n\nCHAPTER II. \n\nTHE Irish witch. — The belief in the actual existence of imps, witches, and embodied \ndevils. — The defenders of the belief were often men of great and distinguished \ntalents. — Eminent counsel and learned divines gave attendance at trials of sus- \npected witches. — The devil's marks \" being pricked will not bleed.\" — Watching \nfor the witch's imp. — The wise magistrate. — Colonial society ajar, and seized \nby the devil-fear. — Mrs. Ann Hibbins falls a victim to the witch-hunter. — The \n\n1 \n\n\nz CONTENTS. \n\nPAGE \n\nfourth victim. — The Goodwin family suspected of witchcraft. — Gov. Hutch- \ninson and the \"Wild Irish.\" — The ministers appoint a day of fasting and prayer \nwith the Goodwin family. — Goody Glover speaks in the Gaelic tongue while ren- \ndering her testimony in court. — She is said to be under the devil's influence. — \nHer house searched while she is on trial. — What was found there. — \" Two honest \nmen \" act as her interpreters. — She is sent to prison. — Cotton Mather visits her \ntwice while she is in prison. — She speaks to him in Irish. — Her interpreters \ntell him that the Irish word for \"spirits\" is the same as for \"saints.\" — A witness \ntestifies to having seen Goody Glover come down the chimney. — Examined by the \nphysicians. — Their conclusion is that poor Goody is sane. — Sentenced to be \nhanged. — From the prison to the gallows. — The prophecy. — The procession. — \nThe tumult — Judge Sewall makes an entry in his diary. — The execution . . 25 \n\nCHAPTER III. \n\nTHE Charitable Irish Society. — The earliest association of Irishmen in Boston. — \nObject, aim, and scope of its founders. — Extracts from the records. — Early mem- \nbers of the Society. — James Mayer and Robert Henry. — The cautious selectmen. \n— The law of the province. — In 1722 John Little is warned by the selectmen to \n\" depart out of this town.\" — John remains in Boston. — Interesting incidents and \nanecdotes about other early members of the Society. — Peter Pelham, painter and \nengraver. — His unsettled life. — A sketch of his life and works. — He marries the \nwidow of Richard Copley. — Squire Singleton, of Ireland, and his daughter. — \n\"The best Virginia Tobacco, cut, pigtail, and spun, of all sorts by Wholesale and \nRetail, at the Cheapest Rates.\"— A sketch of' John Singleton Copley. — The \nAuchmuty family. — Capt William Mackay, Gentleman. — His address to the \nmembers of the Society at a meeting held in October, 1784, the first after the Revo- \nlutionary War. — A word about the Tory members of the Society. — The Scots' \nCharitable Society abscond in a body at the beginning of the Revolution. — They \ncarry off the Society records to Halifax. — Capt. John Mackey, master of the \nschooner \" Margaret,\" is elected into the Charitable Irish Society in 1791. — Capt \nRobert Gardner furnishes the town of Boston a ship to take home \" A true \naccount of the horred Massacre \" of Nov. 5, 1770. — His interest in his fellow- \ncountrymen. — Many old members^aricTsome interesting facts connected with their \nlives. — The Society and the Irish Presbyterian Church. — Gov. Hancock presents \nthe bell and vane of the old Brattle-street meeting-house. — The first pastor. — \nRev. John Moorhead. — In 1717 another colony of Irish immigrants arrives with \nCapt. Robert Temple. — The Know-nothing spirit already abroad. — The Society \nvisits Andrew Jackson, President of the United States, at the Tremont House, June \n22, 1833. — President Jackson's address in reply to an Address of Welcome, by \nMr. James Boyd, on behalf of the Society. — The Society honors Lafayette. — The \ncentennial celebration, March 17, 1837. — The President of the Charitable \nMechanics' Association addresses the Society. — An impending crisis. — Hugh \nO'Brien submits a draft of resolutions condemning and abhorring every principle \nor movement that would dissever the Union, and invoking the assistance of \n\n\nCONTENTS. 3 \n\n•* PAGE \n\ncitizens of all classes to devote themselves to the cause of the common country. — \nMany members go to the seat of war. — The centennial anniversary of the battle \nof Bunker Hill 31 \n\nCHAPTER IV. \n\nCAFF. Daniel Malcom and the revenue acts. — He is appointed on a committee to \nregulate the sale of lambs. — The revenue officers suspect him of keeping contra- \nband goods on his premises. — They institute a search without due warrant. — \nThe sturdy captain stops them at the door of a room that he has his own reasons \nfor protecting. — The officers retire. — They return again and meet with a worse \nreception. — Captain Malcom has his Irish temper aroused. — Bloodshed immi- \nnent.— The British officers give up the search. — The attitude of the Crown offi- \ncials. — The government depositions regarding the event. — A town-meeting held \nat which a committee of eight of the foremost citizens is appointed, including \nOtis, Hancock, and Adams, to ask the governor for copies of the testimony. — \nFalse views of the trouble gain credence with the ministry. — Faneuil Hall closed \nto the revenue officers at the State dinner on election day. — The revenue officers \ncomplain to England. — Gage stations a regiment in Boston. — Castle William \nprepares for active service. — Trouble brewing. — \"Rebel\" and \"Tyrant.\" — \nA guard of forty men and what they did. — The streets filling with an excited \ncrowd. — Wild rumors and a war ship. — Malcom stands at the head of his \nfriends. — The boats arrive. — The excitement increases. — Malcom threatens to \nthrow the frigate's people into the sea. — The moorings are cut. — The vessel \nleaves the wharf. — An attack. — The Collector's boat dragged to the Common. — \nThe Puritan Sabbath follows. — A meeting at Liberty Hall. — Otis, Hancock, Adams, \nand Malcom wait upon the governor. — They submit a petition. — Otis speaks of \narmed resistance. — Malcom still busy vindicating the rights and liberties of the \npeople. — He is appointed to report on the best course for the town to adopt \" in \nthe present emergency.\" — With the recording of the report Captain Malcom \npasses away. — His membership in the Charitable Irish Society. — His grave on \nCopp's Hill 44 \n\nCHAPTER V. \n\nTHE immigrant. — The first considerable influx of Irish immigrants. — Capt. Robert \nTemple and the Irish Protestants. — Five ships in Boston harbor bearing Irish \nimmigrants. — The authorities warn the Irish to depart the town. — Governor \nWentworth receives friendly warnings that the Irish are settling in the Merrimack \nvalley. — John Sullivan, the Limerick schoolmaster, settles in Berwick, Me. — \nHis distinguished sons, James and John. — A transcript from the memorial tablet \nin King's Chapel relating to William Sullivan. — The Amorys. — The introduc- \ntion of the potato and the spinning-wheel by the Irish. — The establishment of \na public spinning-wheel by the town. — The Society for encouraging Industry. — \nA public spinning match on the Common. — 1 736-38, ten ships come to Boston \n\n\n4 CONTENTS. \n\nPACK \n\nfrom Ireland. — The immigrants ordered to Spectacle Island. — Capt. Bene- \ndict Arnold touches at Boston in the \" Prudent Hannah.\" — A fifty-nine days' \npassage from Kingsgate, Ireland, to Boston. — The returned Irish emigrant in- \nspires Swift to write \" Gulliver's Travels.\" — Dennis Sullivant appears before the \nselectmen of Boston in 1 736. — A pathetic letter from across the sea. — The \nprovince appropriates fourteen pounds to send the poor fellow home. — A sloop in \nthe harbor. — The horrors of starvation. — Cannibalism resorted to by the crew. — \nIn the hospital on Rainsford's Island. — Governor Shirley receives a letter from a \nship's crew in extreme want. — Piracy, pure and simple. — The result of a priva- \nteering exploit. — Importing Irish Protestants. — A letter to Samuel Waldo from \nJames Boies. — \" An act to regulate the importation of Germans and other pas- \nsengers coming to settle in this province.\" — The modern emigrant ship. — \nThanks to Miss Charlotte G. O'Brien 51 \n\nCHAPTER VI. \n\nTHE Know-nothing movement. — Its origin, history, and development. — Beautiful \nDevorgilla, of Brefny. — Dermot McMurrough and the O'Rorke. — English \nhatred towards the Irish. — Its influence on American thought and action. — \nFostered by a careful silence of English historians on the grievances of the Irish. \n— Nursed on American soil, it sinks to sleep in times of danger. — The Irish \ncitizen stands preSminently among the defenders of American liberty. — The \nutterance of Cotton Mather. — \" There has been formidable attempts of Satan and \nhis Sons to unsettle us.\" — Boston trembles for the purity of her English stock. — \nRegulations imposed upon the march of colonization. — The records of 1723. — \nMany Irishmen in Boston at the time of the Revolution. — The Loyal Irish Vol- \nunteers. — Catholics claim the right to worship. — Irish citizenship asserts itself. — \nA prerequisite to citizenship. — Foreign-born citizens take refuge in the ranks of \nthe democracy. — Accession to the Presidency of Thomas Jefferson. — The natu- \nralization Act of 1802. — The War of 1812 kindled by the Irish exiles. — The \nreligious phase of the hostility to the Irish in Boston. — The Broad-street riot. — \nA blot on Boston's history. — Mayor Eliot on the scene. — He calls out the \nmilitia. — The riot is speedily quelled. — The burning of the Ursuline Convent at \nCharlestown. — The Montgomery Guards. — An insult given to the Irish com- \npany. — The march from the Common to Faneuil Hall. — Followed by a mob and \nstoned. — The Irish boys march steadily through the spiteful shower of missiles \nuntil they reach their armory. — Governor Everett applauds the Irish company, \nand denounces the conduct of the City Guards. — \" Native- Americanism \" again. \n— \"I don't know.\" — An \" address \" to the Native-Americans of New York. — \nAnother anti-Irish excitement in Boston. — Famine in Ireland. — The political \naspect of the case. — The visits of Catholic priests to the city institutions con- \nsidered as revolutionary. — The citizens' movement. — The Boston \" Bee.\" — \nMayor Shurtleff and the Board of Aldermen wait upon John, Bishop of Boston. — \n\" Protestant Jesuits \" organize. — Their political machinery carefully and perfectly \nregulated. — The Know-nothing candidate. — He is defeated. — The election of \n\n\nCONTENTS. 5 \n\nPAGE \n\nAlexander H. Rice to the mayoralty. — The Columbian Artillery. — It disbands \nto escape persecution at the hands of the State government. — The birth x>f the \nanti-slavery movement. — Wreck of the so-called American party. — War! \nIrishmen to the front • . 65 \n\nCHAPTER VII. \nI. — Concord and Lexington. \n\nTHE Irish soldier. — Irish heroes come forward to take their places in the annals of \nAmerican history. — Col. James Barrett at Concord bridge. — The cry of Paul \nRevere. — Irishmen heard it and sprang to the defence of the common cause. — \nThe minute-men. — A beautiful picture of united patriotism. — A battle without a \nparallel in history. — Yankee marksmen lay the red-coats low. — Irish- American \nminute-men. — Hugh Cargill, of Ballyshannon. — Dr. Thomas Welsh, the army \nsurgeon, to the patriots. — \" Lo ! from the east I see the harbinger, and from the \ntrain 'tis Peace herself, and, as attendants, all the gentle arts of life.\" — Irish \nnames on the rolls of the Lexington minute-men 82 \n\nII. — Bunker Hill. \n\nTHE morning of June 17, 1775. — A wonderful sight. — The breastworks on top of \nBreed's Hill. — Manned by yeomen. — A blow for liberty, and another in revenge \nfor the dreadful oppression of their forefathers in Ireland. — One thousand men at \nwork under the veil of darkness. — A fierce cannonade from the English war-ship \n\" Lively.\" — Brave Col. John Stark addresses his men. — They fight to the death. \n\n— Charlestown ablaze. — The flower of the English army twice hurled back from \ntheir defences. — \" There, see that officer ! Let's have a shot at him \\ \" — The \nEnglish columns broken to pieces. — \" The patriots stand like the Greeks of \nThermopylae.\" — Names of Irishmen found on the rolls of Bunker Hill, as given \n\nin the Massachusetts archives .....' 88 \n\nIII. — The Siege of Boston. \n\nTHE Engh'sh must go. — Washington arrives from Virginia, — General John Sullivan \nleads a brigade. — Emigrants from Ireland settle along the South Atlantic coast \n\n— They go forth to battle for American liberty. — Daniel Morgan. — Colonel Knox \npromises to send a noble train of artillery to General Washington. — He keeps his \nword. — A faithful wife. — General William Sullivan's reminiscence. — General Knox \nfinancially embarrassed. — A trio of men. — Friendly tears. — \" Gentlemen, this \nwill never do ! \" — Irish hospitality. — Stephen Moylan. — Old Put. — \" Powder, \npowder; ye gods, give us powder ! \" — A word about General Sullivan. — Irish \nTories. — Arthur Lee on the Irish Catholics. — General Howe speaks of \" some Irish \nmerchants.\" — Crean Brush, the Irish villain. — His connection with Ethan Allen. \n— Brush is delegated by General Gage. — Brush is put'in Boston jail. — Remorse and \nsuicide of Brush. — What is a Firbolg? — The Irishmen who served in the Con- \ntinental army besieging Boston .......... 94 \n\n\n6 CONTENTS. \n\nIV. — The War of 1812 and the Mexican War. \n\nPACK \n\nBOSTON, the seat of discontent and turbulence. — War declared. — Boston is anti- \nbellum. — The New England Guards. — The Rangers. — The Boston and Charles- \ntown Sea Fencibles. — Irish names on their rolls. — The citizen soldiery enlist. — \nIrishmen on the rolls of this regiment 102 \n\nV. — War of Secession. \n\nTwo distinctively Irish regiments march from Boston to the seat of war. — The sun- \nburst floats in companionship with the stars and stripes about the bayonets of the \nfamous Ninth Massachusetts Volunteers, and the equally famous Twenty-eighth, \nthe \" Faugh-a-Ballaghs.\" — The adjutant-general's report of the Ninth regiment. — \nThomas Cass offers his services to Governor Andrew. They are gladly accepted. \n\n— The governor permits the Irish flag to be carried by the soldiers. — The war- \nofficers of the regiment. — The Twenty-eighth is mustered in on Jan. n, 1862, \nat Camp Cameron, near Boston. — The war-officers of the regiment. — June 29, \n1861. — The Ninth on to Washington. — At Arlington Heights. — The Peninsula \ncampaign. — The Ninth bears the beautiful national flag which was presented to \nthe regiment by the boys of the Eliot school. — Aboard the U. S. Transport, \"State \nof Maine.\" — The campaign of McClellan. — A plan of the peninsular campaign. \n\n— Confederate cavalry ride completely around General McClellan's army. — A \nchange of base. — General Lee planning to attack the Union army. — General \nPorter attacked by Gen. A. R. Hill. — The battle of Games' Mill follows. — A \ndesperate engagement. — The national army loses 6,000 men. — The Ninth's \nranks decimated. — They lose over one-fifth of their fighting strength. — Colonel \nCass is disabled, and dies at Malvern Hill. — Col. Patrick R. Guiney succeeds to \nthe command. — Guiney orders the colors forward. — Charge ! — The Irish regi- \nment that never lost a color. — The Ninth among the last regiments to leave the \nfield of battle. — The war correspondent's tribute to the Ninth. — After the battle \nof Games' Mill. — The rebel yell. — McClellan's tribute to the men of the Ninth. \n\n— Colonel Guiney at Harrison's Landing. — Promoted for ability and bravery. — \nThe Ninth in the Second Bull Run. — Under McDowell. — The Twenty-eighth \nin the battle. — The disaster at Fredericksburg. — Terrible fighting. — Hancock's \ndivision, with the brigades of Cook, Meagher, and Caldwell, advance. — The Ninth \nat Gettysburg. — The Twenty-eighth on Cemetery Hill. — Exposed to the heavy \nand concentrated musketry fire. — Colonel Guiney wounded in the first day's fight \nin the Wilderness. — Lieut. -Colonel Hanley in command during the remainder of \nthe battle. — The Twenty-eighth in the Wilderness. — Death of Capt. James \nMclntire and Capt. Charles P. Smith. — A race for Richmond. — The Ninth in \nit to Cold Harbor. — The loss in this series of engagements. — The Twenty-eighth \nstays nearly through the war. — Death of Colonel Byrnes at Cold Harbor. — At \nPetersburg, Va. — The Twenty-eighth the last regiment to leave the intrenchments \nat the battle of Reams' Station. — Publicly complimented for gallant conduct by \nGeneral Nelson A. Miles. — Officers killed in action. — Home again . . . 104 \n\n\nCONTENTS. 7 \n\nPAGK \n\nTHE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN BOSTON 121 \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF DISTINGUISHED \nMEN OF EARLY TIMES. \n\nJOHN HANCOCK 167 \n\nMAJOR-GENERAL HENRY KNOX 169 \n\nGOVERNOR JAMES SULLIVAN 171 \n\nROBERT TREAT PAINE 174 \n\nTHE CREHORE FAMILY 175 \n\nREV. JOHN LYFORD 177 \n\nWILLIAM HIBBINS 178 \n\nBENJAMIN CREHORE 178 \n\nGEORGE DOWNING 181 \n\nANTHONY GULLIVER 181 \n\nJAMES BOIES 183 \n\nJEREMIAH SMITH 186 \n\nJOHN HANNAN 186 \n\nHUGH MCLEAN 188 \n\nJOHN MCLEAN 189 \n\nJOHN SINGLETON COPLEY 190 \n\nLORD JOHN SINGLETON COPLEY LYNDHURST 193 \n\nCHARLES JACKSON 193 \n\nJAMES JACKSON 194 \n\nPATRICK TRACY JACKSON 195 \n\nJAMES KAVANAGH 196 \n\nWILLIAM DOUGLASS O'CONNOR 197 \n\nJEREMIAH SMITH BOIES 197 \n\nANDREW DUNLAP 198 \n\nCORNELIUS CONWAY FELTON 198 \n\nJAMES BOYD 199 \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF REPRESENTATIVE \nMEN OF OUR OWN TIMES. \n\nJOHN BOYLE O'REILLY 207 \n\nPATRICK A. COLLINS 213 \n\nHUGH O'BRIEN 216 \n\n> PATRICK S. GILMORE .... 219 \n\nGov. THOMAS TALBOT 221 \n\nTHE MILMORES ..\"..\" 223 \n\n\\ \n\n\n8 CONTENTS. \n\nPAGE \n\nWILLIAM PARSONS 224 \n\nPATRICK DONAHOE 227 \n\nTHOMAS D'ARCY McGEE 231 \n\nREV. HENRY GILES 234 \n\nTHOMAS J. GARGAN 235 \n\nTHE MOST REV. JOHN J. WILLIAMS 238 \n\nRT. REV. MATTHEW HARKINS 240 \n\nREV. ROBERT FULTON, S.J 241 \n\nROBERT DWYER JOYCE, M.D., M.R.I.A. 243 \n\nGEN. PATRICK R. GUINEY 245 \n\nJOHN E. FITZGERALD 249 \n\nREV. JOHN CORDNER 251 \n\nREV. ROBERT MEREDITH 252 \n\nEDWARD C. CARRIGAN 253 \n\nREV. HENRY BERNARD CARPENTER 256 \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF NOTED WOMEN. \n\nLOUISE IMOGEN GUINEY 263 \n\nMARY ELIZABETH BLAKE 271 \n\nKATHERINE ELEANOR CONWAY 277 \n\nMARY CATHERINE CROWLEY .281 \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF BOSTON LAWYERS .... \nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF BOSTON PHYSICIANS .... \nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF BOSTON JOURNALISTS \n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF PAST AND PRESENT MEMBERS OF \nTHE PUBLIC SERVICE ....'. \n\nBUSINESS AFFAIRS AND MEN OF BUSINESS . . . . \nAPPENDICES \n\n\nENGRAVINGS. \n\nBY J. P. MURPHY & CO. \n\n\nPAGE \n\nJOHN BOYLE O'REILLY frontispiece \n\nJAMES BOYD 40 \n\nTOMBSTONE OF DANIEL MALCOM 49 \n\nHENRY A. MCGLENEN \\ 102 \n\nGEN. PATRICK R. GUINEY 104 \n\nPENINSULAR WAR MAP 109 \n\nCOL. PATRICK T. HANLEY 116 \n\nTHE MOST REV. JOHN J. WILLIAMS 124 \n\nJOHN HANCOCK 167 \n\nMAJOR-GENERAL HENRY KNOX 169 \n\nPATRICK A. COLLINS 214 \n\nHUGH O'BRIEN 216 \n\nGov. THOMAS TALBOT 220 \n\nWILLIAM PARSONS 225 \n\nPATRICK DONAHOE 228 \n\nTHOMAS D'ARCY McGEE 231 \n\nTHOMAS J. GARGAN 236 \n\nLOUISE IMOGEN GUINEY 264 \n\nKATHERINE E. CONWAY 278 \n\nMARY CATHERINE CROWLEY 282 \n\nEDWARD J. JENKINS 292 \n\nWILLIAM A. DUNN, M.D 304 \n\nJAMES JEFFREY ROCHE 310 \n\nTHOMAS F. KEENAN 318 \n\nWILLIAM F. KENNEY 320 \n\nTHOMAS MAGUIRE 322 \n\nJOHN J. MERRIGAN 326 \n\nSTEPHEN O'MEARA . 328 \n\n\n10 ENGRA VINGS. \n\n\nPAGE \n\nCHARLES S. O'NEILL \n\n...... 33° \n\nHELEN F. O'NEILL ..... \n\n• • • • o«5 \n\nMARGARET G. REYNOLDS ... 77A \n\n* * * * OJT1 \n\nMICHAEL M. CUNNIFF ........ _-o \n\nEDWARD J. DONOVAN . \n\n• • • • o54 \n\nWILLIAM DOOGUE , \n\n..... . • 356 \n\nPAUL H. KENDRICKEN ...... -^ \n\nJOHN H. MCDONOUGH . . . ,,. \n\n' • • • j/4 \n\nMICHAEL J. MCETTRICK ........ t t ._6 \n\nJOHN R. MURPHY ........ 3go \n\nJOHN B. O'BRIEN ......... .g2 \n\nCHRISTOPHER BLAKE ...... 40g \n\nTHOMAS B. Frrz . . \n\n\nPATRICK MAGUIRE ...... i . .12 \n\nDENNIS J. HERN ........ .lg \n\nJOHN B. REGAN ......... t 420 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nCHAPTER I. \n\nTHE IRISH IN THE COLONIAL PERIOD. \n\nBOSTON, Massachusetts, considered as a name merely, presents \na contrast of elements that typifies its history. One end of it \nis ancient, Christian, civilized: St. BotolpWs town, so clipped and \nrubbed in centuries of English speech as to leave its canonical name- \nsake out of all memory. As for the other end, it is the native name \nof a tribe whose history had ceased before Boston's was begun. \n\" The town of a wild Indian tribe which used to be called after St. \nBotolph\" would be a literal translation of its familiar, and, to most of \nus, intrinsically meaningless name. So, in the history of the dear old \nplace itself, contradictions appear throughout its existence. Planted \nafter several wealthy colonies had already achieved a place in history, \nit was destined soon to lead in all that marks advance of civilization, \nand shortly afterward to inaugurate the sullen state of insubordina- \ntion to England which eventually led to open rebellion. Founded \nfor the sake of an unrestrained worship of God, it was most- bitter in \nreligious persecution ; giving of its first thoughts to the establishment \nof liberal education, it darkened ignorance in the days of witchcraft \nsuperstition ; English of all things, it was of necessity anti-Irish, and \nclassed this unfortunate people with the heathen tribes of the forest: \nyet among her earliest records appear the distinctively Irish names \nof Cogan, Barry, Connors, MacCarty, Kelly ; throughout her colonial \nhistory, when the wild Irish, the pope, the devil, and the Pretender \nwere classed together and hated in the lump, the Irish were in their \nmidst, though Irish Catholicity remained till near the Revolution \n\n(11) \n\n\n12 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nalmost unrepresented. And what more striking contrast than 'its \nfirst year and its last past, when an Irish Catholic mayor forthe fourth \ntime ascended the chair of office and entered upon duties that none \nhave more ably and faithfully discharged ! \n\nDuring the colonization of America, Ireland was certainly a \ndreadful place to live in, and Irish emigration to America was very \nnaturally to be expected. Class lines in Ireland were drawn sharply \non the basis of formal religion, and the people were divided into three \nunequal portions, the largest having least power, and the smallest the \ngreatest power. The government of the country was in the hands \nof communicants of the Established Church of Ireland ; all refusing \nthe rigid and systematic tests were excluded from the franchise. \nThese Episcopalians were the agents of the most cruel and systematic \noppression that ever disgraced civilization. They lived among a \npeople outnumbering them nearly ten to one, whose religion they \ndespised and persecuted, whose ignorance they mocked at while they \nfostered it, whose extreme poverty and distress were the conditions \nof their own prosperity. Avarice and bigotry both urged them to \nabuse their despotic power. They lived there as the carpet-baggers \nlived at the South after the war ; and they had every reason to want \nto leave at the first profitable opportunity. \n\nA large number of Presbyterians from Scotland had settled in \nthe North of Ireland, in the reign of James I. These shared, to a \ncertain extent, the political disqualifications of the Catholics. They \nhated Catholicism perhaps even more fiercely than the English them- \nselves, and they sowed the seeds of an unchristian bigotry, which to this \nday disgraces the name of Ulster. They were between the upper and \nthe nether millstone, the Episcopalians above, the Catholics beneath ; \nand soon after the beginning of the eighteenth century, the best of \nthem gave up the struggle and flocked in shiploads to America. \n\nAs for the Catholics, who constituted nearly four-fifths of the \npopulation, their condition is best described in the words of the his- \ntorian Bancroft : — \n\n\"... a conquered people, whom the victors delighted to \ntrample upon, and did not fear to provoke. Their industry within the \n\n\nTHE COLONIAL PERIOD. 13 \n\nkingdom was prohibited or repressed by law, and then they were \ncalumniated as naturally idle. Their savings could not be invested on \nequal terms in trade, manufactures, or real property; and they were \ncalled improvident. The gates of learning were shut on them, and \nthey were derided as ignorant.\" Add to this that the law of the \nland was always and everywhere set against the dictates of their \nconscience, while the persecution of their priesthood delivered them \nover to the spiritual guidance of any ignorant peasant whose courage \nand faith enabled him to face the terrors of the law. \n\nThe same motive that brought about the \" plantation of Ulster \" \nmoved the authorities to invite some of the New England colonists, a \nfew years after the founding of Boston, to go to Ireland and settle \nthere. In spite of liberal bounties offered for such colonization, very \nfew went, and the episode is interesting rather as showing the un- \ndesirableness of Ireland as a home at that time, than for its influence \non the course of history on either side of the water. \n\nWhen this sketch was first proposed it seemed to the writer that \nto begin before the Revolution with the history of the Irish here \nwould be a profitless task. The subject has not before been treated \nin any publication. There are one or two church histories that deal \nwith the question, but they, as well as all others, take it for granted, \nwithout very careful search, that an Irishman in New England was in \nearly times as rare as a white blackbird. But on consideration of \nthe large \"Scotch-Irish\" immigration to New Hampshire and to the \nSouth, and of the occasional visits of the Puritans to Ireland, it \nseemed strange if, with all the exodus from that land of sorrow, so \nfew should reach America. On careful examination of some original \nrecords these suspicions were strengthened into belief. It was found \nthat a large number of the American colonists were of Irish descent. \nHow large may be inferred from the personnel of the patriot armies \nof the Revolution. \n\nGeorge W. Parke Custis, Washington's adopted son, in \" Per- \nsonal Recollections,\" says : \" Of the operations of the war, I mean \nthe soldiers up to the coming of the French, Ireland had furnished in \nthe ratio of one hundred for one of any other nation.\" \n\n\n14 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nAt an investigation of the causes of defeat in the war with the \ncolonies, held in the British House of Commons in 1779, Major \nGeneral Roberston, who had served twenty-four years in America, \nwas asked, \" How are the provincial corps composed, mostly of \nnative Americans, or from emigrants from various nations of \nEurope?\" \n\nHe answered: \" Some of the corps consist mostly of natives; \nothers, I believe the greatest number, are enlisted from such people \nthat can be got in the country, and many of them may be emigrants. \nI remember General Lee telling me that he believed half the rebel \narmy were from Ireland.\" l \n\nJoseph Galloway, a native of Pennsylvania, Speaker of the \nAssembly of the colony for twelve years, and a delegate to the first \nContinental Congress, who became a violent Tory in 1778, was ex- \namined for several days by various members of the House of Com- \nmons. Among other questions he was asked, \" That part of the \nrebel army that enlisted in the service of Congress, were they chiefly \ncomposed of natives of America, or were the greater part of them \nEnglish, Scotch, and Irish ? \" Galloway answered : \" The names and \nplaces of their nativity being taken down, I can answer the question \nwith precision. There were scarcely one-fourth natives of America, \nabout one-half Irish, the other fourth English and Scotch.\" 2 \n\nThe fact that hardly any Irish Catholic is heard of as eminent \namong the early Bostonians is easily accounted for, if we remember \nthe feeling almost universal against them, as well as the great dis- \nadvantages pressing upon Catholics at the very outset of the struggle. \nEnglishmen, and Americans as well, inherited a hearty hatred of the \nFrench, and everything belonging to them, due to a warfare con- \ntinuous through generations. Catholics were, therefore, apart from \nreligious prejudice, looked upon as hostile, in that they had beliefs \nand principles in common with the French. In fact, almost all the \nCatholics heard of in the earlier days of Boston were straggling \nFrenchmen ; and the first priests to venture an establishment here \nwere French. \n\n1 British House of Commons Reports, fifth session, fourteenth Parliament, vol. xiii., p. 303. \n* British Commons Reports, vol. xiii., p. 431. \n\n\nMICHAEL M. CUNNIFF. \n\n\nTHE COLONIAL PERIOD. 15 \n\nThis view of the case is borne out by the fact that, when French \nalliance was assured, and her friendly vessels lay at anchor in the \nharbor, the selectmen of Boston so far forgot their fears as to march \nin a solemn religious procession headed by French priests with a \ncrucifix borne in the van. \n\nLest there should be any misunderstanding of the actual state \nof public opinion in Boston on the question of Catholics, the follow- \ning declarations of the citizens of the town should be carefully con- \nsidered.1 In the records of the town meeting, on Sept. 22, 1746, this \nentry appears : — \n\nWhereas it is suggested that there are several persons Roman Catholicks \nthat now dwell and reside in this Town and it may be very Dangerous to permit \nsuch persons to Reside here in Case we should be attack:d by an Enemy, There- \nfore Voted that Mr. Jeremiah Allen Mr. Nathaniel Gardner and Mr. Joseph \nBradford be and hereby are appointed a Committee to take Care and prevent any \nDanger the Town may be in from Roman Catholicks residing here by making Strict \nSearch and enquiry after all such and pursue such Methods relating to them as the \nLaw directs. \n\nIn the adjournment of this meeting, September 25, we find, the \nfollowing : — \n\nThe Committee appointed the 22d instant to take Care and prevent any- \nDanger the Town may be in by Roman Catholicks residing here, Reported that \nthey had found the Laws now in force relating to such persons to be insufficient \nTo Enable them to Effect the same and therefore could do nothing hereon altho \nthey suspected a considerable number of Roman Catholicks to be now in Town, — \nWhereupon it was moved & Voted that the Representatives of this Town be and \nhereby are desired to Endeavour at the next Session of the General Court to get a \nlaw pass'd that shall be effectual to Secure the Town from any Danger they may be \nin, by Roman Catholicks Dwelling here. \n\nThe following extract is from the records of the town meeting \nheld Nov. 20, 1/72, or rather from a pamphlet published by order of \nthe town, containing the report of a committee of that meeting. \nThis committee was appointed \" to state the rights of the Colonists, \n\n'Town Rec., 1746, p. 103. \n\n\n16 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nand of this province in particular, as men, as Christians, and as \nsubjects. . . . \" : — \n\nIn regard to Religeon, mutual tolleration in the different professions thereof, is \nwhat all good and candid minds in all ages have ever practiced ; knd both by pre- \ncept and example inculcated on mankind. . . . Mr. Lock 'has asserted and \nproved . . . that such toleration ought to be extended to all those who.se \ndoctrines are not subversive of society. The only Sects which he thinks ought to \nbe, and which by all wise laws are excluded from such toleration are those who \nteach doctrines subversive of the Civil Government under which they live. The \nRoman C atholics or Papists are excluded by reason of such doctrines as these \n\" that Princes excommunicated may be deposed, and those they call Hereticks \nmay be destroyed without mercy ; besides their recognizing the Pope in so absolute \na manner, in subversion of Government, by introducing as far as possible into the \nstates, under whose protection they enjoy life, liberty and property, that solecism \nin politicks, Imperium in imperio leading directly to the worst anarchy and confu- \nsion, civil discord, war and bloodshed.1 \n\nAfter this, by way of justification, reference is made to the ex- \nception of \"Papists, etc.,\" from the benefits of the Toleration Act, \nand to the \" liberty of conscience allowed in the worship of God to \nall Christians except Papists \" granted in the charter of the Province. \n\nWe find young Henry Knox, the future artillerist of the Ameri- \ncan army, in an anti-popery procession, one \"Pope's night,\" in \nBoston, and when a wagon broke a wheel, he supported it with his \nown tough-stringed muscles, lest the pageant should be eclipsed by \nthat of a rival organization. His family was from near Belfast in \nIreland. \n\n\" Pope's night\" was celebrated on November 5, each year, by \nprocessions of anti-popery exhibits, and ended by burning the pope \nin effigy. We find a reference to it in one of General Washington's \norders to his army soon after taking command at Boston : — \n\nNovember 5. As the Commander-in-Chief has been apprised of a design \nformed for the observance of that ridiculous and childish custom of burning the \n•effigy of the Pope, he cannot help expressing his surprise that there should be offi- \ncers and soldiers in this army so void of common sense as not to see the impropriety \nof such a step at this juncture ; at a time when we are soliciting, and have really \n\n1 Town Rec., 1772, pp. 95-96. \n\n\nTHE COLONIAL PERIOD. 17 \n\nobtained, the friendship and alliance of the people of Canada, whom we ought to \nconsider as brethren embarked in the same cause, — the defence of the liberty of \nAmerica ; at this juncture, and under such circumstances, to be insulting their re- \nligion, is so monstrous as not to be suffered or excused ; indeed, instead of offering \nthe most remote insult, it is our duty to address public thanks to these our brethern, \nas to them we are indebted for every late happy success over the common enemy in \nCanada. \n\nThe conflict of rival processions for the custody of the pope and \nthe devil, the two important features of each display, sometimes led \nto serious trouble.1 The custom disappeared after the Revolution. \n\nIn such dread 'was this religion held at Boston that even the \ndying were grudged the solace of the priest's last office. On the \n4th of February, 1789, a Frenchman named Louis Abraham \nWelsh, at point of death in the town of Dedham, begged to see a \npriest. His intimate friend and his landlord went together to Boston \nto bring the Abbe de la Poterie, the only Catholic clergyman in the \nvicinity ; but on arriving in the town they were dissuaded from their \nkindly enterprise, and the poor fellow died unshriven.2 \n\nIt is to be remembered, too, that non-conforming Catholics in \nIreland had small chance of retaining any property, and consequently \ncame to this country in extreme distress. Probably most of them \nwere sold into temporary slavery to pay for their passage over. \nWithout doubt many came as transports under the penal laws against \npreaching or teaching their religion or harboring those who did. All \neducation of whatever kind obtained by \" papists \" in Ireland must \nbe obtained in secret, and in terror of the law. Even in manufactures, \nexcept in the case of linen, no more than two apprentices were \nallowed in any Catholic establishment. Neither are Irish apostates \nfrom Catholicity in America to be from any point of view seriously \nblamed ; they lived without religious instruction from the learned of \ntheir faith, in the midst of men who, while known and acknowledged \nas in most things wise and good, regarded theif condition as little \nbetter than paganism ; and they were subject to social and political \n\n1 Town Records, 1765, p. 158; 1767, p. 224; 1774, pp. 194-5. \n\n'This was the occasion of a small pamphlet (4 pp.), to be found in a miscellaneous \nvolume called \" Boston Scraps,\" in the Boston Public Library. \n\n\n18 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\ncold-shouldering, which is always more effective than active perse- \ncution. The wonder is that any of that creed remained. They did, \nhowever, make some effort for conscience' sake. It is said that the \nFrench authorities in Canada had to send home for an Irish priest \nfor the benefit of the Catholics at Boston. It was intended to station \nhim at St. Johns.1 \n\nA large number of the Irish in America were Presbyterians, \ndescendants of the planters of Ulster. It has come to be the fashion \nto call them Scotch-Irish, and the statement has been made that \nnothing could be more unjust and offensive than to call them Irish. \nPerhaps they might be excused for appealing to the nationality of their \ngreat-grandfathers, coming as they did from a land where alienation \nwas considered the highest claim to worldly distinction. What was \nthe test? How many generations, born and dead on Irish soil, could \nbe accepted as enough to prove Irish nationality? Of course such a \ntest was not applied with the same thoroughness to Scotchmen, be- \ncause they were not coming to live with oppressors, and to compete \nwith them for the good things of the wilderness. \n\nStress is laid upon the difference in race between the Scotch- \nIrish and the Catholic Irish ; but as Scotland was in early times colo- \nnized by the Irish, received from them the Gaelic tongue, the \nChristian religion, the laws and customs of early civilization, and even \nher very name, the difference in race-tendency between the Irish and \neven the bona-fide Scotch cannot be great. \n\nThe condition of the \" planters \" and their descendants in Ireland \nwas not, to be sure, so much like citizenship as that of their cousins \nin Scotland. They formed a separate community within the country, \nholding land by rental, bitterly hating the Catholics. But was the \ncondition of the \" wild Irish \" any nearer to that of natives ? So far \nas hatred went, they had plenty of cause to hate their Presbyterian \nneighbors as well as their \" natural lords \" the English ; they held \nland on still more precarious tenure, if at all ; they were separate as \nthe pariahs of the East, and not only without political organization, \nbut even without any opportunity of religious communion ; they \n\n1 Rev. James Fitton : The Church in New England, p. 74. \n\n\nTHE COLONIAL PERIOD. 19 \n\nwere regarded by the government as alien and hostile. Of course, \nthey were more numerous than the \" planters \" of Ulster and Con- \nnaught ; but this is not a question of majorities. \n\nPerhaps the most significant thing in this connection appears in \nthe organization of the Charitable Irish Society. Without the slight- \nest equivocation they describe themselves as \" of the Irish Nation,\" \nand, to make the matter plainer, select St. Patrick's day as the time \nof starting their work. A Scots' Charitable Society had been in \nexistence some sixty years, and was then in a flourishing condition ; \nso if they were Scotchmen, they had no need to call themselves Irish- \nmen, and leave it for modern historians to undo their work. If there \nis anything less dignified than a negro powdered white, or a Jew that \nhopes to conceal his race, it is an Irishman ashamed of his nation- \nality. In view of the worry of later generations, it is refreshing to \nnote that these Irishmen were not of the worrying class. They did, \nhowever, bar Catholics from all offices of honor or trust ; following \nis an order adopted on organization, and in force during the earlier \nyears of the society : — \n\nVIII. The Managers of this Society shall be a President, a Vice-President, a \nTreasurer, three Assistants, and three Key-keepers, with a Servitor to attend the \nSociety's service, the Managers to be natives of Ireland, or Natives of any other \nPart of the British Dominions of Irish Extraction, being Protestants, and inhabi- \ntants of Boston. \n\nUnder date of 1 764, a revised copy of the rules and orders is on \nrecord, and in the eighth article the qualification of Protestantism is \nomitted, all others being retained. In 1804, when the present \nconstitution was drawn up, the religious limitation was formally \nabandoned. \n\nTo the prejudice of the New England colonists against Irishmen \nis due much of the obscurity that now envelops the history of the \nIrish here in early times. In cases where the emigrant dared to \nplace his own old home upon record, his connections neglected to \nrecord or publish the fact, and in the second generation there were \nfew traces left of the nationality of the first. We have, in another \n\n\n20 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nplace, adverted to the conjectured birthplace of Peter Pelham ; \nanother and similar instance of mistaken history occurred among \nthe Brecks, of Dorchester, a numerous and distinguished family, that \nhave left their honorable mark on the whole of Boston's earlier life. \n\nThe first of the family is Edward Brick, or Breck, who came to \nDorchester in 1636 with his son Robert, and was admitted a freeman \nin 1639. He was chosen to run the boundary of the town in 1642, \nwas on the board of selectmen in 1645, an^ received many other \ntokens of the town's confidence. In 1653, when his wife's death was \nentered of record, he was described as \" Edward Breecke of Dor- \nchester, servant to Mr. William Paddy\" (after whom Paddy's alley, \nleading north-west from North street, was named). In Savage's \nDictionary of Genealogy he is entered as \"probably of Ashton in \nCounty Devon,\" England ; but it has recently been shown that this con- \njecture was a mistaken one. There is, at present, in the possession of \nthe Dorchester Antiquarian and Historical Society, a deed on parch- \nment which has never been recorded. It recites that in consideration \nof £6$ Thos Hawkins has conveyed to Dan1 Preston of Dorchester \n24 acres of land more or less, part upland and part marsh, in a place \nanciently called Captain's neck, bounded by the land late Edward \nBrick's on the north, by the mill creek on the south and west, by the \ncreek in part and by the land of said Dan1 Preston in part on the east, \nexcepting about a quarter acre that belonged with the mill ; \" which \ntwenty-fower acres of land the said Thomas Hawkins had and \npurchased of Robert Breck of Galway in Ireland Merchant and Sarah \nhis wife as by their general deed . . . bearing date the thirtieth \nof December 1663 more fully appeareth.\" \n\nThis Thomas Hawkins was the only son of Captain Thomas \nHawkins, one of the earliest ship-builders in Boston, and a man of \nsome note in his time.1 Robert Breck, named in the deed, was the \nson of Edward Breck, and had married Sarah, the daughter of the \nyounger Thomas Hawkins. He removed to Boston, where he was \nadmitted an inhabitant in 1655, and where his son Robert was born \nin 1658. From this family and its collateral branch, the Brecks of \n\n1 See Drake, pp. 271, 287. \n\n\nTHE COLONIAL PERIOD. 21 \n\nMedfield, come many of the most respected citizens of Boston, from \nthat time to the present day. The name occurs frequently among \nthe early graduates of Harvard College. \n\nThen there are two other families whose names are a pretty sure \nindication of Irish blood, although they are described as English when \nany description is ventured upon. Florence Maccarty l was in Bos- \nton as early as 1686. He was a butcher, and one of the founders \nof the first society for Episcopal worship in New England.2 He had \ntwo sons, Thomas, born 1689, and William, born 1691 ; and he had \nthree daughters. He was elected constable for the year 1687-88. \nHe built his slaughter-house on Peck's wharf, in 1693, in company \nwith Samuel Bill and Henry Brightman. He died in 1712. His son \nWilliam was on several occasions elected to office in Boston, but did \nnot seem anxious to serve the town in that way. \n\nThe estate of Florence Maccarty, at his death, was valued at \n£2,922, including \" land and housing on King Street,\" valued at \n;£i,ooo, situated probably at the south-west corner of State and \nCongress streets, which was at that time known as Maccarty's corner. \nThe Maccarty farm, near where the Marcella-street Home now is, was \nbought for use as a stock farm, in connection with his butcher busi- \nness; it was broken up and sold in 1830. \n\nThaddeus Maccarty had four sons and a daughter ; Charles died \nat the age of eighteen, in 1683 ; the others were: Francis, born in \n1667; Thaddeus, born in 1670; and Samuel, born in 1678. He was \nan officer of the town in 1674, and a member of the artillery company \nin 1 68 1. He was taxed for ^50 in 1686. This implies an estate of \nprobably not less than ^250, actual value at that time; and this sum \nrepresents much more than the same amount now does. He died at \nthe age of sixty-five, in Boston, in 1705. His son Thaddeus was \nelected constable in 1727, but showed the same disinclination to serve. \n\nThomas Maccarty graduated from Harvard College in 1691, and \n\n1 There was an Irish chief of this name of some note about a century before (see \nAmory, Transfer of Erin, p. 522) : this man's name may be an indication of patriotism on \nthe part of his parents, possibly of family pride. But the next generation did not inherit the \nfather's significant name. \n\n•Drake, p. 468. \n\n\n22 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nwas dead in 1698. Charles Maccarty was badly wounded in the ex- \npedition against Quebec in 1690. These last two are not known to \nbelong to either of the two families mentioned above. \n\nDavid Kelly was a land-owner in Boston in i6?g.1 His son David \nwas born here in 1647, Edward in 1664. John Kelly lived here about \nthe same time, and had sons John and Samuel. , \n\nEdward Mortimer was on one of the first fire-engine companies \nhere organized.2 He kept a public house, and was described as \" an \naccomplished Merchant, a person of great modesty, and could answer \nthe most abstruse points in algebra, navigation, dialling, etc.\" He \nwas an Irishman. By his wife, Jane, he had three sons : Edward, born \n1676; Richard, born 1680; Robert, born 1688 ; and three daughters. \n\nIn the register of births, marriages, and deaths in Boston, from \n1630 to 1700, there are over two hundred entries of names distinc- \ntively Irish,3 and probably many others just as certainly Irish, but not \nso entered. In some cases, here and there, Scotch and Irish nation- \nality is remarked upon in the register. We give a few instances of \nthis : — \n\ni \n\n1656. Edmond Coussins of Pulling Point and Margaret Bird an Irish maid \nservant to John Grover of Rumney Marsh were married. \n\n1658. Mary of John Bowhonno a Scotchman and Moer his wife & Irishwoman \nborn May 9. \n\nJames Webster a Scotishman & Mary Hay an Irish maid were married 14* \nFeb. \n\n1659. John Morrell an Irishman and Lysbell Morrell an Irishwoman were \nmarried 3ist August by John Endecott Gov. \n\n1661. John Reylean an Irishman & Margaret Brene an Irishwoman were \nmarried I5th March by John Endecott Governor. \n\nBryan Morfrey an Irishman & Margaret Mayhoone widow were married 2oth \nJuly by John Endecott Governor. \n\nThe Christian name Bridget occurs frequently in families whose \nnames give no suggestion of Irish birth. The fact that these marriages \n\n1 Records, 1679, p. 129. 'Records, 1678, p. 125. \n\n. * Including Barry, Collins, Hay, Healy, Kelly, Kenny, McCarty, McCue, McLoughlin, \nManning, Morfrey (Murphy?), Mulligan, Ockonnel (God save the mark!), Pateson, Rylee, \nShannon. \n\n\nTHE COLONIAL PERIOD. 23 \n\nwere solemnized by magistrates does not prove that the contracting \nparties were not Catholics, when we consider the necessities of the \ntimes. But their Catholicity was probably in most cases short-lived, \nas has been before remarked. \n\nUnder Cromwell's government many Irish people were sent to \nNew England. On their arrival they were sold as servants or slaves, \nby those at whose charge they were brought here. The slavery was \nonly temporary, generally for four years, and was distinctly under- \nstood to be in direct payment for the trouble and expense of trans- \nporting them.1 In 1654 the ship \" Goodfellow,\" Capt. George Dell, \narrived at Boston with a large number of Irish immigrants, that were \nsold into service to such of the inhabitants as needed them. It is \npossible that this is the episode to which Cotton Mather refers as one \nof the \" formidable Attempts of Satan and his Sons to Unsettle us.\" \n\nAfter working out their service these immigrants had a tolerably \neven chance to succeed in life, especially if they joined some one of \nthe churches here established and recognized. While many of them \ndid not do so, it is very evident from the church records that some \nof them did. \n\nTo this period belongs the fbllowing petition, addressed to the \nauthorities of the province, the original of which is to be found in \nthe Massachusetts archives : — \n\nThe petition of Ann Glyn and Jane Hunter Spinsters Humbly Sheweth : \nThat your Peti™ lately arrived at Boston from Dublin in Ireland in the Brig- \nanteen Ann & Rebecca whereof Thomas Hendry is Master That in Dublin aforsd \nyour Peti™ agreed to Serve the Said Hendry the Term of Four years he Transporting \nthem to Boston and he also agreeing to provide for and give unto your Petitioners \neach of them a New Suit of Cloaths for all parts of their Bodys which were Accord- \ningly provided in Dublin and brought over here and since your Peti™ are disposed of \nthe said Mr Hendry witholds from and refuses to deliver unto your Peti™ their \nCloaths according to his promise & Agreement. \n\nYour Petitioners therefore humbly pray your honours Consideration of the \npremises and that the said Master Hendry may be Directed to deliver unto your \nPetitioners their Cloaths according to his promise and agreement. \n\nANN GLYN X signum. \nJANE HUNTER X signum. \n\n1 Randolph's report in the Hutchinson papers. \n\n\n24 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nHendry was ordered to appear before the provincial authorities \nand show cause for his retention of the emigrants' property. \n\nIt was also the practice for some daring pirates to kidnap men \nat the English, Scotch, or Irish ports, and sell them to the Americans. \nSome of these waifs may have found their way to Boston. Moreover, \nEnglish criminals were systematically sold to the colonists.1 As late \nas 1736 the brigantine \" Bootle,\" Capt. Robert Boyd commanding, \nsailed from Cork for Virginia, with nineteen transports. He touched \nat Boston in August, but the selectmen promptly had him before \nthem, and made him promise he would not let them \" come on Shoar,\" \nbut would keep a strict watch on board his vessel to prevent their \nescape. It was on this ship that William Stewart came, who is men- \ntioned as one of the early members of the Charitable Irish Society. \n\n1 Statute of the reign of George I. [4 Geo. I., c. xi.], referred to in Lecky's \" Eng \nland in the XVIIIth Century,\" p. 12. \n\n\nTHE IRISH WITCH. 25 \n\n\nCHAPTER II. \n\nTHE IRISH WITCH. \n\nTHE saddest tale we find in all American history is that of the \nwitchcraft delusion that prevailed in Massachusetts in the latter \npart of the seventeenth century. The belief in the actual existence \nof imps, witches, and embodied devils, and of their power to influence, \nnot only the mental, but also the bodily, sufferings of their victims, \nwas as wide as Christianity itself.\" \" The defenders of the belief, who \nwere often men of great and distinguished talent, maintained that \nthere was no fact in history more fully attested, and that to reject it \nwould be to strike at the root of all historical evidence of the miracu- \nlous.\" 1 One Matthew Hopkins, in England, is to be credited with \nthe invention of a system of \"proving\" witchcraft that was every- \nwhere approved and adopted by the prosecuting officers. Eminent \ncounsel and learned divines gave attendance at trials of suspected \nwitches to see that \" no fraud or wrong \" was done them. Accord- \ning to the law-books of the time \"these witches have, ordinarily, a \nfamiliar, or spirit, which appeareth to them in the shape of a man, \nwoman, boy, dog, cat, foal, hare, rat, toad, etc. Their said familiar \nhath some big or little teat upon their (the witch's) body, and in some \nsecret place,, where he sucketh them. And besides their sucking, \nthe devil leaveth other marks upon their body, sometimes like a blue \nor red spot, like a flea-biting, sometimes the flesh sunk in and hollow, \nall which may for a time be covered, yea, taken away, but will come \nout again in their old form.\" Torture and indignity is not only \nhinted at, but even specifically enjoined. The justices of the peace \nare reminded that the devil's marks \"being pricked will not bleed, and \nbe often in their secretest parts, and therefore require diligent and \ncareful search.\" \n\n1 W. E. H. Lecky, Hist, of Rationalism, p. 38. \n\n\n26 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nThere was a set method of \"watching\" for the appearance of the \nwitch's imp. \" She is placed in the middle of a room upon a stool \nor table, cross-legged, or in some uneasy posture, to which, if she \nsubmits not, she is bound with cords. She is there watched, and kept \nwithout meat or sleep for the space of four and twenty hours, — for they \nsay within that time they shall see her imp come and suck. A little \nhole is likewise made in the door for the imps to come in at.\" To \ncomfort the magistrate for any uncertainty, he is reminded that he \n\" may not always expect direct evidence, seeing all their works are \nthe works of darkness.\" \n\nSolely upon such evidence as could be obtained by these in- \nhuman practices, and without any of the fables as to actual injury of \nothers, such as were common and accepted in later cases, Mrs. Mar- \ngaret Jones, a kindly and sympathetic woman, was condemned, and, \nin spite of earnest appeals and avowals of innocence, was hanged on \nJune 15, 1648. The second victim in Boston, Mary Parsons, con- \nfessed to the murder of her own child by witchcraft. She was un- \ndoubtedly insane. \n\nThe devil-fear that seized upon colonial society at this time \nspared nobody. Of course the ignorant and the poor, with small \nchance to hide their personal peculiarities, were most often victims ; \nbut the upper ten furnished their quota too. Mrs. Ann Hibbins was \none of these. Of excellent family herself, and wealthy, her husband \nhad been one of the judges that sat at the condemnation of Mrs. \nJones. She was widowed now, and had suffered many misfortunes ; \nher infirmities, and even her wit, were turned as evidence against her. \nShe was executed June 5, 1656. \n\nThe fourth victim was after the witch-hunter's own heart. She \nwas old, and ignorant, and poor. She spoke a strange tongue, and \nin secret she practised the rites of her childhood's religion. She \nwas superstitious herself, and in the crazy terror of the time she lost \nher poor old addled wits : she thought herself a witch, too. \n\nIn the midsummer of 1688, four of the children of John Good- \nwin, a mason living in Boston, began to be afflicted with unaccount- \nable pains. Martha, the eldest, was thirteen years old, John eleven, \n\n\nTHE IRISH WITCH. 27 \n\nMercy. seven, and Benjamin five. These children were well brought \nup, and were \" thought to be without guile.\" The exhibitions that \nthey furnished to the wondering community would have delighted a \nmedium or a \"Christian scientist\" of the present day. They had \npain in their heads, teeth, eyes, tongue ; their necks were breaking, \ntheir backs, their knees, their toes ; their cries were piteous and \nshrill, and the shifting of the pain from one part to another was con- \nstant and inexplicable. The most curious feature of their symptoms \nwas the fact that the same part was affected, in each of the party, at \nthe same time, so that they changed their yells and gestures simul- \ntaneously, like soldiers at drill. The pains lasted an hour or more, and \nwhen it was over the children acted naturally, as at other times. The \nfamily had physicians examine the children, but no reasonable cause \ncould be found for their disease ; s\"o witchcraft was suspected. The \ncause was then sought for, and it was remembered that some weeks \nbefore, Martha had missed some of the family linen, and had charged \na certain laundress with taking it away. Governor Hutchinson says \n\" the mother of the laundress was one of the wild Irish, of bad char- \nacter, and gave the girl harsh language.\" Soon after this the \" dis- \ntemper \" came upon her, and extended to her sister and her two \nbrothers. There was also an older brother, and a little baby at the \nbreast, but these were not seriously affected. The only persons that \nhad absolutely no sign of the disorder were the little baby and the \nfather of the family. The ministers appointed a day of fasting and \nprayer with the Goodwin family, and after this the youngest recov- \nered. But the others obtained no relief, and finally the magistrates \napprehended the two women, the laundress and her mother. Their \nname was Glover. \n\nOn being brought into court, Mrs. Glover spoke only Irish, so that \nher testimony may have been misunderstood ; and it is well to bear \nthis fact in'mind. It was said, though, that she spoke English in her \nfamily, and was perfectly able to converse in that tongue ; her refus- \ning to do so was regarded as an additional proof that she was under \nthe devil's influence. During the confinement of these poor women, \nthe Goodwin children remained well while out of their own house ; \n\n\n28 THE IRISH Iff BOSTON. \n\nbut on returning to it they were vexed as before. They were therefore \nbestowed at the houses of neighbors. The good people of the time \n\" could not but think the devil had a hand in it by some instrument.\" \n\nGoody Glover's house was searched while she was on trial, and \nseveral small \" puppets or babies,\" made of rags and stuffed with \ngoat's hair, were found and brought to the court. Through the \" two \nhonest men \" that acted as her interpreters, she acknowledged that \nher way of tormenting the objects of her malice was to wet the top \nof her finger with spittle and stroke these little images. As she il- \nlustrated her method to the Court, a child in the room was taken \nwith fits. On repeating the experiment, the same result followed. \nWhen she was asked if she had no one to stand by her, she replied \nin the affirmative; but looking up \"very pertly,\" she cried out, \"No, \nhe's gone ! \" She then confessed that there was one, her prince, \nwhose relations to her do not clearly appear in the evidence. I* the \nnight she was heard soundly rating one that she called a devil, for \nbasely deserting her, and she said 'twas for that cause she had con- \nfessed all. \n\nCotton Mather visited her twice as she lay in prison, and ex- \nhorted her to abandon her covenant with hell. To him also she \nspoke only Irish. Her interpreters told him that the Irish word for \nspirits was the same as for saints. He understood her not to deny \nher guilt of witchcraft, but he got very little from her about her \nmeetings with her confederates. She gave Mr. Mather the names of \nfour persons who were associated with her in her uncanny dealings, \nbut he kept them to himself, from a wholesome fear of \" wronging \nthe reputation of the innocent by stories not enough inquired into.\" \nShe did not answer many of his questions, and she refused to pray or \nbe prayed for, because her spirits or saints would not give her leave. \nIn regard to abandoning her supposed bargain with the devil, she re- \nplied that he \" spoke a very reasonable thing, but she could not do \nit\" She could not repeat the Lord's Prayer in English, even when it \nwas repeated to her line by line, but made ridiculous nonsense of \nit. She knew it in Latin, however, but there was one part of it that \nshe could not say, for some reason or other \n\n\nTHE IRISH WITCH. 29 \n\nIf it were not for the rag-babies and her tricks with them, it \nmight be thought that her supposed confession was a gigantic mis- \ntake, due to her testifying only through interpreters to prejudiced \njudges. But there was no other way of accounting for her use of \nthe images than the way that all tradition justified. And again, there \nwas a quantity of additional evidence, of an entirely different char- \nacter from that which caused the death of Mrs. Jones, the first Boston \nwitch, forty years before. A woman named Hughes testified that \nGoody Glover had bewitched to death a Mrs. Howen about six years \nbefore ; and further, that when the Hughes woman was preparing to \ntestify, her son was taken with the same disorders that afflicted the \nGoodwin children. She said that she remonstrated with the witch, \nwho replied that the boy's suffering was in retaliation for what the \nHughes woman had done to herself and daughter. Hughes denied \nhaving injured her, and she relented. She looked kindly on the lad as \nshe passed him in the court-room, and he was never troubled there- \nafter. The reliability of this witness may be estimated by her testi- \nmony, that in former times she had often seen Goody Glover come \ndown the chimney. \n\nThe witch was examined by several physicians, who kept her in \nconversation for five or six hours. Their conclusion was that she \nwas sane. So she was sentenced to be hanged. On the i6th of \nNovember, 1688, she was drawn in a cart, a hated and dreaded \nfigure, chief in importance, stared at and mocked at, through the \nprincipal streets from her prison to the gallows. As she went she \nprophesied the children should have no relief from her death. It \nwas ten o'clock in the morning. The procession was marshalled in \ndue form, with judges and constables, and as it passed the window of \nJudge Sewall he was attracted by the tumult, and after watching it \npass he made an entry in his diary of the death of the Widow \nGlover. The people crowded to see the end, as always ; and when \nit was over they quietly dispersed, leaving the worn-out body hang- \ning as a terror to evil-doers.1 \n\n1 The usual place of execution was in the easterly part of the South Burying-ground, a \nfragment of which is still in existence on Washington street The gallows was placed near \nthe shore, not far from the present site of the City Hospital, and its gloomy presence gave to \nwhat is now known as the South Bay the name of Gallows Bay. \n\n\n30 THE IRISH Iff BOSTON. \n\nWe can imagine the distress of the daughter, herself suspected \nof witchcraft, alone and friendless in the midst of a stern people. \nShe thought her mother guilty ; she heard the voices of the imps as \nthe November winds whistled through the trees, or saw them frisk \nin the lengthening shadow that swung slowly to and fro on the \nbeach. The children, whose ailments and whose testimony had \ndoomed the old woman that hung there dead, were to live each a \nlong life ; did they ever in secret question their hearts for the truth \nof that sad history? If they did, no whisper of it reached the outer \nworld, and they lived and died in the odor of sanctity. \n\nCotton Mather has frequently been referred to as the chief \nagent in this ferocious persecution. On the contrary, it will appear \nto any fair-minded investigator that, though he fully believed in the \nreality of witches and witchcraft, he was always earnestly in favor of \ncombating them, so far as possible, by prayer and fasting, and re- \npeatedly interfered to urge humane counsels. To his moderation \nand good sense it is undoubtedly due that the names mentioned by \nthe crazed old woman whose troubles we have just sketched did not \nlead to further excitement and other judicial murders. His character \nis not such as the older narratives of the witchcraft period would \nhave us believe ; his harshness was only toward the devils, but Tie \ntried at all times to show gentleness and compassion to those pos- \nsessed by them.1 \n\n1 See Mem. Hist. Bost. ii., 156. \n\n\nTHE CHARITABLE IRISH SOCIETY. 31 \n\n\nCHAPTER III. \n\nTHE CHARITABLE IRISH SOCIETY. \n\nearliest association of Irishmen in Boston was the Charitable \nJL Irish Society, whose organization on St. Patrick's day, in \n1737, was mentioned above. The following extracts from the records \nof the Society at that time will serve to establish its character and that \nof its founders : — \n\nWhereas ; Several Gentlemen, Merchants and Others, of the Irish Nation \nresiding in Boston, in New England, from an Affectionate and Compassionate con- \ncern for their countrymen in these Parts, who may be reduced by Sickness, Ship- \nwrack, Old age and other Infirmities and unforeseen Accidents, Have thought fitt to \nform themselves into a Charitable Society, for the relief of such their poor and indi- \ngent Countrymen, without any Design of not contributing towards the Provision of \nthe Town Poor in general as usual. And the said Society being now in its Minority, \nit is to be hoped and expected, that all Gentlemen, Merch*8 and others of the Irish \nNation, or Extraction, residing in, or trading to these Parts, who are lovers of \nCharity and their Countrymen, will readily come into and give their Assistance to so \nlaudable an undertaking ; and for the due Regulation and Management of said in- \ntended Charity, the Society, on the I7th day of March, in the Year 1737, agreed on \nthe following Rules and Orders. \n\nI. This Charity is intended and to be appropriated to and for the Relief of \nPoor, aged, and infirm Persons, and such as have been reduced by Sickness, Ship- \nwrack, and other accidental Misfortunes, Contributors, who may by such Misfortunes \nbecome Objects to be always first preferred. \n\nII. All persons of evil Fame or Repute, are to [be] excluded as unworthy \nthis Charity, and also all Persons reduced in other Countries and having suffered no \nMisfortune in their Passage hither shall not be deemed Objects of this Charity ; and \nall Irish Men, or of Irish Extraction, being capable and invited to joyn in this \nCharitable undertaking, and refusing the same, are to be for ever excluded the Benefit \nthereof. \n\nThe names of the twenty-six original members of this Society are \nas follows : Robert Duncan, Andrew Knox, Nathaniel Walsh, Joseph \n\n\n32 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nSt. Lawrence, Daniel McFfall, Edward Allen, William Drummond, \nWilliam Freeland, Daniel Gibbs, John Noble, Adam Boyd, William \nStewart, Daniel Neal, James Mayes, Samuel Moor, Philip Mortimer, \nJames Egart, George Glen, Peter Pelham, John Little, Archibald \nThomas, Edward Alderchurch, James Clark, John Clark, Thomas \nBennett, and Patrick Walker. \n\nOf some of these members nothing is known. Joseph St. Law- \nrence was only recently come into the town ; in the selectmen's record \nfor Sept. 28, 1/37, appears the following note: — \n\n\"Mr. Joseph St. Lawrence from Ireland, Merchant, having im- \nported upwards of Fifty Pounds Sterling, Prays he maybe Allow'd to \nCarry on his Business in this Town.\" Nothing further is said, and it \nis presumed he was admitted. \n\nThere was an Edward Allen, a builder, living in Marshall's lane \nin 1 789 ; a healthy old man, if he was the same one that was present \nat this meeting. \n\nWilliam Freeland may possibly have been the same as William \nFryland, a joiner from Ireland, who was admitted as inhabitant of the \ntown September 9, 1730, although the spelling is not quite near \nenough _to warrant certainty. Spelling even of proper names at that \ntime was in a chaotic state. Achmody passed for a fair spelling of \nAuchmuty, while Breck, Bricke, and Brick were equivalent forms, and \nMccarty was current as the correct thing for the classic McCarty. \n\nJames Mayes was accepted as bondsman for Robert Henry, a \nblacksmith from Ireland, who was admitted as inhabitant of the \ntown August 5, 1741. The selectmen were very cautious about new \narrivals, lest they should turn out to be of no account, and become \nan expense to the town. The law of the Province on this point was \nvery strict, and forbade a citizen of the town to receive strangers \" as \ninmates, boarders, or tenants ... in any house of his whatsoever \nwithin this Province . . . for more than the space of twenty days,\" \nwithout giving an account thereof to the town authorities, describing \nthe immigrants and their circumstances as fully as possible. Then \nno persons, except those holding property sufficient to ensure free- \ndom from want, were admitted without the bond of some inhabitant \n\n\nTHE CHARITABLE IRISH SOCIETY. 33 \n\nto secure the town from expense if the new-comer should ever be \na charge on it. \n\nDaniel Gibbs was probably Captain Daniel Gibbs, of the ship \n\" Sagamore,\" who brought four hundred and eight passengers from \nIreland in this same year, arriving at Boston Sept. 7, 1737. It was \ndoubtless in consequence of his membership that the qualification \n\" or trading to these parts \" was introduced into the requirements for \nmembership, as stated in the preamble to the \" Rules and Orders.\" \n\nJohn Noble is on record on the 1 5th of October, 1740, as giving \nbond with Arthur Noble for the latter's wife and two children in the \nsum of £200. This family came from the colony of Georgetown, in \nVirginia. Arthur Noble was elected a member of the Charitable \nIrish Society in July of this same year. In 1796 he lived on Han- \nover street, corner Friend street. \n\nWilliam Stewart was a cooper, who came from Ireland with his \nwife and two children in 1736. Joshua Winslow had engaged to be \nresponsible for him, but finally he got Peter Curtice, a teamster, and \nRobert Dunlop, a laborer, to be his bondsmen. \n\nThomas Bennett was a \" retaylor of strong drink.\" \n\nJohn Little came here in 1722, and was so little known or ap- \npreciated that the selectmen warned him to \" depart out of this \ntown,\" as was the custom in cases where a new-comer had not much \nproperty nor any friends to pledge themselves for him. But he \nseems to have satisfied their doubts, for we soon after find them \nurging him to serve the town in one way and another, while he was \ntrying in every way to get rid of it. He was chosen constable in \n1731, and excused by the town-meeting; again in 1732, and he \nasked to be relieved. In 1733 he was chosen hogreeve, and he paid \nto be let off, in accordance with the custom still prevailing in town \ngovernments, to accept money as an equivalent for public service. \nIt is evident that his prosperity was no longer open to question. \n\nWilliam Hall was president of the Society in 1766, and was the \nfirst to have his name on the records in that capacity. He served \nthe town as constable in 1730. With John Carr and Capt. James \nFinney he \" executed a bond of the penalty of six hundred pounds \n\n\n34 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nto indemnify the town on account of one hundred and sixty-two \npassengers imported by the said Finney in the Snow a Charming \nMolly, November 7, 1737.\" \n\nGeorge Glen was a tailor. He had come from South Carolina \nin 1718, and was also warned to depart the town by the selectmen; \nbut he did not go, for we find him in 1 742 in trouble for having in \nhis house David Watts, his wife and two children, \" from Topsham at \nthe Eastward.\" They had been there about a month, and were like \nto become a town charge. It was voted by the selectmen to prose- \ncute Glen for not having informed of his receiving them into his \nhouse, according to law. \n\nRobert Duncan was a constable in 1740 and 1741. With \ntwo others he was on a bond for one hundred and fifty pounds \nin 1745. \n\nThe Clark family were numerous and prominent in Boston, but \nthe John and James here mentioned were probably of different \nstock. There was a James Clark in 1736 belonging to the engine \ncompany in the building next to the old North Church. \n\nPeter Pelham was a painter and engraver, and the father of fine \narts in New England. He was in London in 1722; in 1727 he en- \ngraved a portrait of Cotton Mather from a painting by himself. In \n1734 he had already commenced a school; but in 1737, fearing \nprobably to incur somebody's displeasure by the teaching of such \nvanity as dancing, he applied to the selectmen for \" Liberty to Open \na School in this Town for the Education of children in Reading, \nWriting, Needlework, Dancing, and the Art of Painting upon Glass, \n&c.\" The petition was read and granted \" While he continues to \nregulate the same in Conformity to the Laws of this Province, and \nhas the Approbation of the Select men of the Town for the time \nbeing.\" With this authoritative license he felt safe to advertise his \naccomplishments to all \" Gentlemen and Ladies in Town and \nCountry.\" \n\nHis places of abode were various ; he seems to have led a very \n\n1 A \" snow \" was a vessel having main and foremasts like a ship, and a smaller mast aft \ncarrying a trysail. \n\n\nTHE CHARITABLE IRISH SOCIETY. 35 \n\nunsettled life. In 1734 he lived near the Town Dock;1 here he ad- \nvertised his household goods for sale, as he was about to break up \nhousekeeping. In February, 1/38, he lived on Summer street. In \n1742 he lived in Leverett's lane (now Congress street). In 1747 he \nkept his school on Queen (now Court street). Finally, after his \nsecond marriage, in 1748, he lived in \" Lindel's row,\" 2 till his death, \nin 1751. \n\nAs to his origin, there is nothing outside of his own description \nof himself, in the Rules and Orders of the Charitable Irish Society, as \n\" of the Irish Nation residing in Boston.\" It has been conjectured \nthat his father was Peter Pelham, an English engraver, born about \n1684. But the father of the New England artist had sat for his pict- \nure at eighty, and \" there never was so handsome, so charming a \nman at that age as he was ; \" and he must have died before March \n13, 1761, because a letter from his daughter Helen, to Charles Pel- \nham, a son by the first wife, mentions the death of the grandfather \nas a fact already known, and also that the date given above was that \nof her last previous letter. Besides the fact of Peter Pelham's mem- \nbership in that famous first meeting of the Charitable Irish Society, \nthe family interest in Irish affairs is noteworthy. Henry Pelham, the \nson of Peter by his second wife, and half-brother to Copley, the \nfamous artist, engraved a mezzotint of the Countess of Desmond, and \nwas very much interested in the antiquities of Kerry. He intended \nto publish a history of that county, but was cut off by accidental \ndeath. \n\nBut by far the most striking circumstance in this connection is \nthe marriage of Peter Pelham, the founder of the Irish Society, with \nthe widow of Richard Copley. She was the daughter of Squire \nSingleton, of Ireland, and had been married in Limerick. They \ncame to Boston, and John Singleton Copley was born to them July \n3, 1737. Richard Copley died, and his widow for some time kept a \ntobacco store on Long Wharf, \" selling the best Virginia Tobacco, \nCut, Pigtail, and Spun, of all sorts, by Wholesale and Retail, at the \n\n1 Where Faneuil Hall now stands; Dock square was at the head of it. \n* Properly Lindall's lane, now Exchange place. \n\n\n36 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\ncheapest rates.\" In 1 748 Pelham, who had probably lost his wife in \n1734, when he \"broke up housekeeping,\" married the widow Copley. \nHe continued his school-teaching and she her shop. \n\nJohn Singleton Copley, the future artist, probably learned as \nmuch from his step-father as his time would permit We may well \nguess, that between the teaching and the engraving and painting of \npictures, little was told of the secrets of art in the three and a half \nyears that Pelham lived, and Copley afterwards vainly regretted the \nlack of proper instruction in his early years. But in 1753 he engraved \na portrait of Rev. Wm. Welsteed that is said to show traces of Pel- \nham's teaching. His masterpiece was a portrait of his half-brother \nHenry Pelham, whose death in Ireland is mentioned above. The \npicture is called the \" Boy and the Squirrel.\" 1 It was sent to Eng- \nland in 1774, and, owing to the miscarriage of an accompanying \nletter, its author was for a time unknown ; but it was received enthu- \nsiastically by the best judges of art in England, and its phenomenal \nsuccess finally drew the young artist to that country, where he was \njoined in a few years by his family. He never returned to America. \nHis best pictures were painted here. One of his later paintings, \nexecuted in England, that of \" King Charles I. demanding in the \nHouse of Commons the five impeached members, 1641,\" is in the \nBoston Public Library. \n\nRobert Auchmuty, father and son, members of the Charitable \nIrish Society in the years that preceded the Revolution, were learned \nlawyers, and their influence was felt in the progressive tendency of \nthe town. The elder Robert was instrumental in bringing about the \nexpedition for the capture of Louisburg. The house is still standing \nwhich was built about 1761 by the younger Auchmuty, and where \nthe secret council of British officers — Bernard, Hutchinson, Hallow- \nell, and the rest of them — met to discuss the inconvenient privileges \ngranted by the provincial charter, and the feasibility of frightening \nthe colonists into submission. The father was distinguished for \nwit and learning ; he was short in stature, of crabbed manner, and \nwith a squeaky voice. The son rose into prominence in his profes- \n\n1 This picture is now in Boston. \n\n\nTHE CHARITABLE IRISH SOCIETY. 37 \n\nsion, but died an exile in London, in 1788. The family were tories. \nThey are called Scotch by the cyclopaedias, but the elder Robert was \nfor three years president of the Society, and its rule as to nationality \nhas already been mentioned. \n\nCapt. William Mackay — described as \"gentleman\" (i.e., not \nengaged in business), in the Directory of 1789 — lived on Fish street,1 \nand was appointed in 1772 on a committee to draw up a statement of \nthe colony's rights and grievances. He succeeded Robert Auchmuty \nin the presidency of the Society, and continued to hold that office till \nsucceeded by Simon Elliot, in 1788. During the revolutionary \nperiod he enjoyed to the fullest extent the confidence of his towns- \npeople, serving on many committees for various purposes. Among \nother things he was a member of the \" Committee of correspondence, \nsafety, and inspection,\" appointed by the town in 1776. \n\nAt a meeting of the Society held in October, 1784, the first after \nthe Revolutionary war, the president, William Mackay, made an \naddress, which was placed on the records, and is as follows : — \n\nGentm Members of the Charitable Irish Society I congratulate you on this \nJoyful Occasion, that we are assembled again after Ten years absence occasioned by \na Dreadful and Ruinous war of near Eight years ; also that we have Conquered One \nof the greatest and most potent Nations in on the Globe so far as to have peace and \nIndependency. May our friends, Countrymen in Ireland, Behave like the Brave \nAmericans till they recover their Liberties. \n\nIt is to be remembered that the tory members of the Society — \nand they were neither few nor petty — had been weeded out, and \nthe president was speaking to loyal citizens of the new republic. \nThe Scots' Charitable Society had absconded in a body at the be- \nginning of the Revolution, carrying off their Society records to \nHalifax. They reorganized in Boston, and were incorporated with \neleven members, in 1786. Mr. William Mackay was dead in 1801. \n\nCapt. John Mackay was master of the schooner \"Margaret;\" \nhe was elected into the Society in 1791. On the way home from \nAmsterdam, in 1 796, with a valuable cargo, he was wrecked in Salem \n\n1 Now North street, between Cross and Fleet streets. \n\n\n38 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nharbor, during a blinding snow-storm, and perished, with three of \nhis crew. \n\nCapt. Robert Gardner furnished the town of Boston a ship to \ntake home \"a true account of the horred Massacre\" of Nov. 5, \n1770. This gentleman's interest in his fellow-countrymen appears \nfrom the records of the Charitable Irish Society. At his instance, \nthe Society voted, in 1794, a sum not exceeding £3 to purchase \nschool-books for poor children of Irish extraction. Again, in 1801 \nhe advanced money from his own purse to the distressed emigrants \non the brigantine \" Albicore,\" trusting to the Society to repay him. \nThe last record we have of him is 1812, when he held the office of \ntreasurer of the Society. \n\nJames Downing (1737) kept a lodging-house in Wing's lane; \nin 1740 an Irish woman, named Abigail Richardson, was lying there, \nfriendless and destitute, and near her time of travail, and from there \nshe was taken to the poorhouse. Thomas Lawlor (1739) was an \ninnholder or retailer of spirits. He served on a fire-engine in 1741* \nand as constable in 1749. Rev. William McClennehan (1741) \nwas not of Irish birth. He was a colleague of Rev. Thomas Cheever \nin the meeting-house at Rumney Marsh (Chelsea), and was said to \nrival Whitefield for eloquence. In 1754 he joined the Episcopal \nChurch, and soon went to England. William Moore (1743) was a \ndistiller; he served the town as fence-viewer for ten years (1745— \nI75S)« ^n J742 he Paid f°r release from the duty of constable. \nBenjamin Thompson (1757) was a coppersmith of some means, and \nlived on Orange street. Patrick Tracy (1737) was of Newburyport, \nand quite successful. John McLane (1768) was a slater on Orange \nstreet. In 1 766 he presented a bill of £82 to the town for repairs \nmade by him on Faneuil Hall. He was a secretary of the Society. \nCapt. Alexander Wilson (1768) was appointed on a committee of \nmerchants in 1779, whose duty it was to fix prices o*n different \ncommodities, and thus relieve the distress due to a debased cur- \nrency. Patrick Conner kept a livery stable and boarding-house at \n38 Marlboro* street. Henry Pelham (1774) has been spoken of \nbefore. He made a plan of Boston in 1775, a tracing of which is \n\n\nTHE CHARITABLE IRISH SOCIETY. 39 \n\nreproduced in the Evacuation Memorial, 1876. Gen. Simon Elliot, \nJr. (1791), was a good soldier, and for a long time prominent in the \ntown. Thomas McDonough, Esq., was the English consul, and \nlived in Oliver's lane. Andrew Campbell (1797) was a school- \nmaster in Leverett's lane, afterwards on Common street. Rev. John \nMurray (1797) was born in England, and is regarded as one of the \nfounders of the Universalist movement in America. His preaching \nexcited considerable interest, some of it unfavorable in the extreme; \nbut he lived to enjoy the highest esteem of all. He died in Boston, \nin 1815. \n\nSamuel Bangs (1769) was appointed sealer of leather by the \ntown in the year 1769-70. In 1789 he appears in the Directory as \na cordwainer (shoemaker) on Kilby street. Hugh McDaniel (1739) \nin 1758 was a lessee of one of the town's buildings, and paid an an- \nnual rent of about £1$. \n\nSome of the members of the Society, as has been said before, \nsided with the British-; but it is more than probable that these lists \nof the proscribed were not very carefully made, and that on general \nprinciples the name of a man would be inserted if he had simply not \nbeen active in the colonial cause. At any rate, names of members \nof this Society are to be found in the lists of loyalists, that, after the \nRevolution, turn up in Boston citizens in good and regular standing. \nTwo or three such names, that happen to be easily reached, are here \ngiven; they occur in the Directories of 1789 and 1796, after having \nbeen classed with the refugees : 1 John Bryant was a trader and inh- \nholder on Eliot street, and on Exchange lane ; John Magner was a \nsmith and farrier, first on Oliver's dock, afterwards on Lindell's row ; \nWilliam McNeil had a rope-walk (William McNeil & Son) in Cow \nlane, on Fort Hill. \n\nAn important part of the membership of the Charitable Irish \nSociety was the Irish Presbyterian Church, established in Boston in \n1727. They first worshipped in a building which had been a barn \non the corner of Berry street and Long lane (now Channing and \nFederal streets) ; and this unpretentious building served them, with \n\n1 Mem. Hist. Bost., iii., 176-177. \n\n\n40 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nthe addition of a couple of wings, till 1744, when a comfortable \nchurch l was erected that bore a conspicuous part in the history of \nthe town, and indeed of the nation, for it was here that the Massa- \nchusetts Convention met to debate the Federal Constitution, and \nfinally to accept it, Feb. 7, 1 788 ; and to this fact Federal street owes \nits name. Governor Hancock presented to the new building the bell \nand vane of the old Brattle-street meeting-house. Their first pastor \nwas John Moorhead, who was born near Belfast, in Ireland, in 1703, \nand was educated at one of the Scotch universities'. He was \ndescribed as a forcible preacher, honest and blunt, and an \" earnest \nand enthusiastic young Irishman.\" He published nothing, but \nmaintained his connection with the church till his death, which \noccurred just at the beginning of the struggle for American Indepen- \ndence. He was elected a member of the Charitable Irish Society in \n1739, and gave them sound advice upon occasion.2 He held -no \noffice in the Society. Among his effects at his death was \" a likely \nnegro lad,\" to be sold by his executor. \n\nAnother colony of the same class of Irish immigrants had ar- \nrived in 1717, with Capt. Robert Temple. He settled at Noddle's \nIsland,3 where he had a mansion-house that \" contained elegant \nrooms suitable for the reception of persons of the first condition.\" \n• These immigrants were not very cordially received. The Know- \nnothing spirit was already abroad ; or, rather, the English hatred for \nthe nation they had so long trodden under foot followed the emi- \ngrants that fled from them across the water. But when the Revolu- \ntion was at hand such an unhesitating stand was taken by the \nmembers of the Irish Presbyterian Church, and by other prominent \nIrishmen, that the coldness disappeared, and a cordial regard sprang \nup for Irish valor and patriotism that found its reward on many \nbattle-fields. \n\nThe charitable work of the Society is made up of small donations \nto tide over special emergencies, and is not, in general, of such a sort \n\n1 For the curious inscription on its columns, see Snow, \" History of Boston,\" p. 222 ; \nfor Dr. Channing's intelligible arrangement of it, see Drake, p. 576. \n\n8 Extracts from the Records, p. 27. 3 East Boston. \n\n\nJAMES BOYD. \n\n\nTHE CHARITABLE IRISH SOCIETY. 41 \n\nthat any display could be made of it ; still there are occasional con- \ntributions of five hundred or a thousand dollars at a time. The \nSociety is not rich. If it had been wisely managed at its origin, its \nage would, by this time, have made it wealthy. A very large fraction \nof the annual income goes towards celebrating the anniversary of St. \nPatrick, and satisfying the natural longing of Irishmen for the society \nof their countrymen. \n\nOne of the most notable events in the history of the Society \nwas its visit, in a body, to Andrew Jackson, President of the United \nStates, at the Tremont House, June 22, 1833. In reply to an address \nof welcome by Mr. James Boyd, on behalf of the Society, Jackson \nsaid : — \n\nI feel much gratified, sir, at this testimony of respect shown me by the Chari- \ntable Irish Society of this city. It is with great pleasure that I see so many of the \ncountrymen of my father assembled on this occasion. I have always been proud of \nmy ancestry, and of being descended from that noble race, and rejoice that I am so \nnearly allied to a country which has so much to recommend it to the good wishes of \nthe world. Would to God, sir, that Irishmen on the other side of the great water \nenjoyed the comforts, happiness, contentment, and liberty that we enjoy here ! I am \nwell aware, sir, that Irishmen have never been backward in giving their support to \nthe cause of liberty. \n\nThey have fought, sir, for this country valiantly, and, I have no doubt, would \nfight again were it necessary'; but I hope it will be long before the institutions \nof our country need support of that kind. Accept my best wishes for the happi- \nness of you all. \n\nThe members of the Society were about to withdraw when \nPresident Jackson took Mr. Boyd by the hand, and said : — \n\nI am somewhat fatigued, sir, as you may notice ; but I cannot allow you to \npart with me until I again shake hands with you, which I do for yourself and the \nwhole Society. I assure you, sir, there are few circumstances that have given me \nmore heart-felt satisfaction than this visit. I shall remember it with pleasure, and, \nI hope you, sir, and all your Society will long enjoy health and happiness. \n\nOn September 6, 1834, the Society joined in a procession in \nhonor of Lafayette, \" with a standard bearer and ten marshals, who \ndecorated themselves with the medals of the Society, and a special \n\n\n42 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nbadge provided for the occasion in honor of General Lafayette, and \nbearing his likeness.\" \n\nThe centennial celebration was held on March 17, 1837, an^ the \nSociety entertained as guests, Governor Edward Everett, Mayor \nSamuel A. Eliot, Hon. Stephen Fairbanks, President of the Massa- \nchusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, the Rev. Mr. John Pier- \npont, Hon. John P. Bigelow, Hon. Josiah Quincy, Jr., and others. \n\nAmong the remarks of the President of the Charitable Mechanics \nAssociation, we find the following : — \n\nThe relation which you yourself, Mr. President, as well as some others whom I \nhave now the honor to address, sustain to that institution is some indication of the \nreadiness of its members to avail themselves at all times of 'the friendly aid and co- \noperation of the intelligent and scientific, to whatever nation they may belong, and \nmore especially of the natives of that country from which we have derived some of \nour earliest impressions of the importance of cultivating the arts. The liberal policy \nof that institution in regard to the admission of members is worthy of all praise, and \nthe great accession of members, from time to time, is the best proof of the wisdom \nof this course, and I trust it will never subject itself to the imputation of rejecting \nany high-minded, intelligent mechanic, who has complied with the conditions of the \nconstitution, whether a native or adopted citizen. \n\nJust fifty years later, Hugh O'Brien, the Mayor of the city, and \none of the foremost Irishmen in Boston, well known for his active \nbusiness interest in matters of practical science, was successfully \nopposed for admission to this association by a Mr. Henry N. Sawyer, \non the ground that he was a Jesuit! \n\nThe Society marched in the funeral processions of President \nHarrison in 1841, and of Andrew Jackson in 1845. In 1847 the \nfamine, then destroying their countrymen in Ireland, moved them to \ngive up their annual celebration, and strain every nerve to relieve \ntheir suffering fatherland. \n\nIn 1860, at the December quarterly meeting, held at the Parker \nHouse, Hugh O'Brien, the president, called the attention of the \nSociety to the danger our country was in, and said \" it would be well \nfor this time-honored Society to express its deep feeling on this occa- \nsion.\" A committee was appointed to prepare resolutions, and, after \n\n\nTHE CHARITABLE IRISH SOCIETY. 43 \n\nbrief consideration, submitted the following draft, which was unani- \nmously adopted : — \n\nWhereas, The chronicles of the day show the lamentable fact that these \nbeloved United States are passing through a crisis that portends ruin to the integ- \nrity of this fair Republic and its institutions, and, \n\nWhereat, Our venerable Society preceded the foundation of the Confederacy \nand of the Constitution, guarded its infancy, and is identified with the existence and \nprosperity of the Union, and most sensitively feels the shock to the national body \npolitic, — therefore, \n\nResolved, That the Charitable Irish Society of Boston condemns and abhors \nevery principle or movement that would dissever these United States, — and we now \nsolemnly renew our vows of fealty and love for the Union and the Constitution, and \nemulating the example and glorious achievements of our predecessors of '76 and '89, \nwe pledge our efforts and our influence for the vindication and maintenance, \"pure \nand undefiled,\" of this most perfect form of civil and religious liberty. \n\nResolved, That we invoke our brethren and fellow-citizens throughout the \nUnion, by the memories of our past united career, to lay aside all sectional or \npartisan animosities, and devote themselves to the cause of our endangered common \ncountry. \n\nFrom the report of the secretary at the one hundred and twenty- \nfifth anniversary, March 17, 1862, we clip the following: — \n\nA good many of our members have gone to the war to fight for the restoration \nof the glorious Constitution and Union of the States. Several of them, we can \nmention with pride, have already obtained a position in the army of the Union, \nwhich has redounded to the honor of their nationality. Thomas Cass and Patrick \nR. Guiney may be named in this record. The former, Colonel, and the latter, \nLieutenant-Colonel of the gth Massachusetts Volunteers, which regiment, we are \nproud to say, composed entirely of Irish and Irish extraction, is to-day one of the \nbest and bravest on the soil of deluded Virginia. \n\nThe Society took part in the procession to celebrate the centen- \nnial anniversary of the battle of Bunker Hill. They formed part of \nthe third division, composed of historic societies and civic associa- \ntions. \n\n\n44 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nCHAPTER IV. \n\nCAPTAIN DANIEL MALCOM AND THE REVENUE ACTS. \n\n\nDANIEL MALCOM was a citizen of Boston of con- \nsiderable prominence in the exciting times that immediately \npreceded the Revolution. In the town records the name first occurs \nin the meeting of loth March, 1766, where he is appointed on a com- \nmittee to regulate the sale of lambs, probably to prevent the sale of \n\nunhealthy meat. He had good \ncompany on the committee, and \nhis appointment thereon is a \nvoucher of his high standing in \nthe community. Soon the atten- \n\ntion of the town was attracted to an event of no common im- \nportance, in which Captain Malcom was the principal figure. The \nrevenue officers, suspecting contraband goods to be on his prem- \nises, began a search without due warrant. The sturdy captain \nstopped them at the door of a room that he had his own reasons \nfor protecting, and so stubborn and defiant was he that they were \nglad to postpone the affair. But when they returned their reception \nwas even worse. Captain Malcom had his Irish temper stirred, and \nwould not suffer them to cross his threshold. Gathering his friends \nabout him, he showed fight, and for a moment it looked as if \nbloodshed would follow. Fortunately, however, for the British offi- \ncers, at least, they consulted their better part of valor, and let the \ncontraband goods remain under their very safe guardianship. It \nmay well be imagined that no love was lost on either side. \n\nThis occurrence was of itself important, as showing the strength \nof public sentiment backing Malcom in his resistance to the obnox- \nious revenue laws ; but it was made still more so by the attitude taken \nby the Crown officials. The governor of the province summoned \n\n\nDANIEL MALCOM AND THE REVENUE ACTS. 45 \n\nbefore him in council the sheriff, the deputy collector, -and the comp- \ntroller of customs, with other citizens, and took their depositions in \nwriting in regard to the raid. It reached the ears of the people that \nthese depositions contained matter that if transmitted home, without \na fuller and more impartial account, would greatly prejudice the \ninterests of the colony. The testimony so taken was not recorded, \nnor open to inspection of any of the town's representatives. Under \nthese circumstances the town-meeting appointed a committee of eight \nof the foremost citizens, including Otis, Hancock, and Adams, to ask \nthe Governor for copies of the testimony, so that the town might be \nable to rectify mistakes, \" and counterwork the designs of any who \nwould represent them in a disadvantageous light.\" The committee \nwas successful, and the suspicions of the town were confirmed when \nthe depositions were read to them. At their bidding/the committee \ndrew up a long letter of instructions l to their agent in London, Mr. \nDenis Deberdt, referring to the Stamp riots of the previous year, \nand giving a full, but not too highly colored, account of the \" late \noccurrances in this town which is the particular occasion of our \ntroubling you with this letter.\" \n\nThe town apprehended that the government depositions \" con- \ntained a partial account of the behavior of the people who from mere \ncuriosity had got together, that they tended to corroborate the de- \nsigns of our enemies,\" and so enclosed, not only the government \ndepositions, but also a mass of testimony collected on the town's \nside, together with instructions that the agent should take every \nmeasure to prevent false views of the trouble gaining credence with \nthe Ministry. This interesting letter closes by rebuking \" a set of \nmen in America who are continually transmitting to the mother \ncountry odious and false accounts of the collonys,\" and with a scath- \ning denunciation of \" an infamous character whose name is Richard- \nson,\" who seems to have made his living as an informer. The agent's \nreplies were received and read at the May meeting of the next year, \nand with the reading of them the matter rested ; but it was not for- \ngotten, for when the town was asked to grant the use of Faneuil \n\n'Town Rec., 1766, pp. 191-194. \n\n\n46 THE IRISH IN BOSTON* \n\nHall for the state dinner of the governor and his council on election \nday, permission was refused, except with the understanding that the \nrevenue officers \" are not to be Invited to dine there on said Day.\" \nAt the request of the town nearly all the merchants signed an agree- \nment not to purchase after the 3ist of December any of a list of \nabout thirty different kinds of merchandise, if such merchandise was \nto be imported from England. Captain Malcom's signature to this \nlist is given in this chapter. \n\nThe revenue officers began to complain to England, and bitterly \ninveighed against the license of the press, the power and stubbornness \nof the town-meetings, and the \"boycott\" of imported articles. They \nasked for a firmer support, and broadly hinted that troops in the town \nand war-ships in the harbor would be very convenient. They got \nthem. Gage stationed a regiment in Boston ; Castle William was \nprepared for active service ; a frigate, the \" Romney,\" and four other \nvessels of war were stationed in Boston harbor. The irritation of the \npeople was now further heightened by the arbitrary acts of Captain \nComer, commanding this frigate ; she lay at anchor in the harbor, and \nreceived valuable additions to her crew from the fishermen of New \nEngland. Not enlistments : they were kidnapped by the press-gang, \nand even substitutes were refused. \" Rebel \" and \" tyrant \" were \nwords freely bandied. The excitement finally culminated in the \nseizure of the sloop \" Liberty.\" This vessel belonged to John Han- \ncock, who was a large ship-owner. She arrived from Madeira, in \nJune, 1768, and made fast to Hancock's wharf (now Lewis wharf) \nThe cargo was wine, and it is said part of it was consigned to Malcom. \nThomas Kirk, the tidewaiter,1 went aboard heron Friday, June 10, \nand was followed by Captain John Marshall, the commander of Han- \ncock's London packet-ship, with some others. They fastened Kirk \nbelow, and kept him there some hours, while they removed part of \nthe cargo. During the night they went on with the good work, and, \nthough the rumbling of the carts and the wakefulness of those troubled \ntimes made concealment impossible, the removal was not interfered \nwith. A guard of thirty or forty strapping fellows bearing clubs \n\n1 Inspector of customs. \n\n\nDANIEL MALCOM AND THE REVENUE ACTS. 47 \n\nmarched with the loaded carts, and may have had something to do \nwith the forbearance of the officials. The next day Captain Barnard, \nmaster of the sloop, made entry of five pipes of wine as his whole \ncargo ; and then there was trouble. The collector, Joseph Harrison, \nand the comptroller, Benjamin Hallowell, repaired to the wharf with \nthe declared intention of seizing the ship for evasion of the revenue \nlaws. Harrison hesitated, but Hallowell went ahead, made the seizure, \nmarked the vessel with the broad arrow, and signalled to the \" Rom- \nney \" as she lay anchored in the stream. Captain Comer sent his boats \nto bring her out under the guns of the ship. Meanwhile the streets \nin the neighborhood were filling with an excited crowd. Wild rumors \nspread abroad, and the sight of the war-ship bustling her boats out \ngave color to the idea that another impressment, or some similar act \nof oppression, was being carried out with the high hand of arbitrary \npower. Malcom stood at the head of his friends on the wharf and \nprotested against the removal ; the vessel, they said, was safe where \nshe was, and no officer nor anybody else had a right to remove her. \nThe boats arrived, and the excitement increased. Malcolm and the \nother leaders of the populace threatened to go on board and throw \nthe frigate's people into the sea. Suddenly the sloop's moorings were \ncut, and before anything could be done to prevent it she was gone \nfrom the wharf. The customs-officers, who were there in a body, \nnow repented of their hasty action ; for the people before them, only \nhalf understanding the affair, knowing the bitterness of the govern- \nment party, and suspecting the worst, seeing the vessel of one whom \nthey knew and respected in the hands of the tyrant frigate-captain, \nand the protests and warnings of their leaders disregarded, became \nutterly furious. They attacked the officials, broke their swords, and \nhandled them without much mercy. It speaks well for the respect- \nability of that excited crowd that no one was killed. They smashed \nthe windows in the houses of Hallowell and of his chief, the inspector- \ngeneral. They seized the collector's boat, dragged it to the Common, \nsmashed it into fragments, and made a bonfire with it. \n\nThe next night was the eve of the Puritan Sabbath, and quiet \nreigned throughout the city. The widespread disorder of Friday, \n\n\n48 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nthe consciousness that the fire was only smouldering that might at \nany time break out and wrap the land in the flames of revolution, \nand, more than all, the sudden death of John Marshall, a universal \nfavorite, the captain of the London packet, threw a cloud of sadness \nover the staid, church-going town, and brought to its people a just \nand solemn resolution that carried them in soberness and safety \nthrough the trials of the following week. \n\nOn Monday there were a few unauthorized attempts to organize \nthe troubled spirit of the time ; but the steadier citizens took charge \nof the affair by calling a meeting at Liberty Hall l the next morning. \nMany answered the call, but the weather was threatening, so that \nthey adjourned to Faneuil Hall. Here it was decided to call a town- \nmeeting for the same afternoon, that the acts of the assembled citi- \nzens might be ensured recognition at the hands of the Crown. So it \nhappened that the first popular assembly after the riot was a legal \ntown-meeting. \n\n\" After very cool and deliberate Debates upon the distressed \nCircumstances of the town,\" it was unanimously voted to send a com- \nmittee of twenty-one prominent citizens, of whom were Otis, Hancock, \nAdams, and our friend Captain Malcom, to wait upon the governor \nwith a petition. This petition recites the fundamental doctrine of \nrepresentative self-government, recalls the dutiful remonstrances of \nthe colony, and the oppressive and unjust treatment that had followed, \nand in guarded terms reminds the king's representative that there is \na limit to the patience of \" this distressed and justly incensed People.\" \nThey went on to say that, inasmuch as the Board of Customs had \nretreated to the castle, it was to be hoped they would never reassume \ntheir office ; and the petitioners \" flattered themselves \" that the \ngovernor would immediately order the \" Romney \" out of the har- \nbor till the town was assured of relief from its grievances. The \n\n1 The ground about Liberty Tree was called Liberty Hall. This tree was the largest \nof a group of majestic elms that stood at the corner of Essex and Washington streets, a spot \ncommemorated by a brown-stone tablet at the present day. It was christened amid much \nrejoicing at the time of the Stamp riots, and its name, \" The Tree of Liberty,\" stamped on a \ncopper plate, was nailed to it. This tree was cut down by the British in 1775, and in falling \nslew one of its destroyers. \n\n\nDANIEL MALCOM AND THE REVENUE ACTS. \n\n\n49 \n\n\ngovernor received the committee hospitably, and replied the next \nday in a conciliatory tone, but disclaimed all authority to do as he \nwas asked by the town. At this meeting Otis spoke of armed resist- \nance as the last re- \nsort, but one for \nwhich all should be \nready. The town \nfeared a repetition of \nthe governor's tactics \nin the matter of the \nraid on Captain Mal- \ncom, and appointed \nthe same committee \nof twenty-one, of \nwhich Captain Mal- \ncom was a member, \nto draw up an ac- \ncount of the \" true \nstate of some late \nOccurrances,\" to be \nsent to Mr. Deberdt, \nin London, so that \nhe could protect the \ncolony from slander- \nous attacks. \n\nThe following \nFriday a third town- \nmeeting formulated \n\n\n^tone £ravfe 10 fep (Jeep \n\n\nIPMWfil : \n\n\nThis cut of Captain Malcom's gravestone we owe to \nthe courtesy of Mr. Edward Macdonald, Superintendent of \nCopp's Hill. The tomb is of brick. (See Shurtleff, p. 209.) \n\n\ninstructions to the \n\nrepresentatives, and ominously resolved \" at all times to assert \nand vindicate our dear and invaluable Rights and Libertys, at the \nutmost hazard of our lives and fortunes.\" The next town-meet- \ning was held on the I2th of September. A committee of sixteen, \namong whom again we find Captain Malcom, was appointed to report \non the best course for the town to adopt \" in the present emergency.\" \n\n\n50 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nWith the recording of the report of this committee Captain Malcom \npasses out of history. He died in October of the following year. \n\nCaptain Malcom was an Irishman,1 and at the time of which we \nwrite had only recently come to Boston. He was elected a member \nof the Charitable Irish Society in 1766, elected on the board of \nmanagers in 1 767, and vice-president the next year, — a position which \nhe held till his death. It is to be remembered that these offices were \nnot open except to men of Irish blood. He was one of the respon- \nsible representatives of the Society in money matters. His store, on \nFleet street, was the resort of many of the more energetic of the \nrevenue haters, and a constant menace to the peace of the king's \nofficers. Ireland could not have presented to the colony a better \nman for the times, and if he had lived to hear the guns of Bunker \nHill it needs no prophet to say he would have won renown for him- \nself and his race and shared gloriously in the triumph of his adopted \ncountry. \n\nHis fellow-citizens appreciated him, and showed their confidence \nby selecting him as their representative in the troublesome and dan- \ngerous crises in which he was an actor ; but there is every reason to \nbelieve that his proper sphere was not diplomacy, but active and \naggressive resistance. \n\nHis grave is on Copp's Hill, in the oldest of Boston burial- \ngrounds. The stone over it, shown in the accompanying cut, is of \nhard blue slate, two inches thick, and showing about a yard above \nthe ground. The inscription is a just statement of his merits and \nreputation ; but an additional wreath is added to his laurels by the \nvindictive bullet-marks of the British soldiery, who used this stone as \na target, and peppered the gravestone of the man who feared nothing \nless than a British \" bloody-back.\" \n\n1 Drake, p. 737, note. \n\n\nTHE IMMIGRANT. 51 \n\n\nCHAPTER V. \n\nTHE IMMIGRANT. \n\nTHE first considerable influx of Irish immigrants began about \n1717. Casual mention is made on September 28, 1717, \nwhen the selectmen warned James Goodwin to depart the town, that \nhe had arrived from Ireland about two months before with Captain \nDouglis. In the same year came Captain Robert Temple with a \nnumber of Irish Protestants. He commanded a company with credit \nin campaigns against the Indians, and very soon conquered the \nesteem of his fellow-citizens. He was the first to live on Noddle's \nIsland (now East Boston), was a member of the Episcopal Church, \nand was elected to the Charitable Irish Society in 1740. On August \n4, 1718, arrived five ships in the harbor bearing Irish immigrants. \nThese settled in different parts of the province, mainly in New \nHampshire ; among them was Thomas Bell, subsequently a lessee \nof Noddle's Island. To this company, probably, belonged Thomas \nWalker, John Rodgers, James, Elizabeth, and Rachel Blare, who \nwere warned to depart October 22, \" having arrived from Ireland \nabout two months before.\" The records of these warnings furnish, in \nmany instances, the only clue we have to the extent and character \nof immigration. April 17, 1719, Alexander Macgrigory, \"who with \nhis family came lately from Ireland into this town,\" was warned to \ndepart. On June 9, 1719, arrived a colony of Irish, from whom \nAndrew Pernis, a cooper ; John Macannis and wife and four children ; \nJohn Henderson, his wife and five children ; William Miller, his wife \nand four children ; John Criton and one maid ; John Severwrit ; Fran- \ncis Gray and wife and three children, — were, on June 13, warned to \ndepart. September 23, Martha Newell is recorded as having arrived \nfrom Ireland about seven weeks before, and on December 5, John \nWalker, wife and three children, as having arrived from Iceland \n\n\n52 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nabout one month before. After this, for a while, either the \nstream of immigration was almost entirely diverted from Boston \nto enrich the surrounding territory, or the authorities found reason \nnot to record so many Irish warnings. The fact that the Irish were \nstill coming, and were not very welcome, is seen in the order of the \ntown-meeting, in May, 1723, mentioned in another chapter, which \nstates that \" great numbers of Persons have very lately bin Trans- \nported from Ireland into this Province, \" and were driven by the \nIndian troubles to reside in the town. About the same time Gov- \nernor Wentworth was in receipt of friendly warnings that the Irish \nwere settling in the valley of the Merrimack, and that he had better \ntake what precautions seemed best to him under the circumstances \nfor the safety of the community. \n\nAt a meeting of the selectmen, September 12, 1724, Captain \nPhilip Bass appeared before them, \" and it appearing to them that \nhe had the measels (an Infectious Sickness) among his passengers \nin his vessel lately come from Ireland into this Harbor,\" he was or- \ndered to collect what passengers and goods he had allowed to get \nashore, and go down to Spectacle Island till further order. \n\nTwo of the most honored of Boston's early families were at- \ntracted to this city, after making a trial of other parts of America. \nThey have had much influence on the course of events in Massa- \nchusetts, and especially in Boston. The more prominent of these \nwas the family of John Sullivan, the Limerick schoolmaster, who \nsettled in Berwick, Me., in 1730. From him descended James Sul- \nlivan,1 twice governor of the State ; John Sullivan,2 the Revolutionary \ngeneral ; William Sullivan, the lawyer, the interesting chronicler, the \ngenial and accomplished gentleman. The memorial tablet of the \nlast-named is in King's Chapel; it bears a Latin inscription,3 and \n\n1 Autograph in Mem. Hist. Best., iii., 208. \n\n'Autograph in Mem. Hist. Bost., iii., 104. \n\n3GUILIELMO SULLIVAN' JACOBI MASSACHUSETTENSIUM BIS GUBERNATOR1S FILIO. \nJOHANNIS IN BELLO LIBERTATIS VINDICE DUCIS NEPOTI' VIRO SOLERTI BENIGNO INTEGERR1MO- \nSUMMA DIGNITATE ET COMITATE PR/EDITO' REBUS ET CIVILIBUS ET M1LTTARIBUS CUM LAUDE \nVERSATO- JURISCONSULTO PRJESTANTI CAUSIDICO FACUNDO' SCRIPTORI JUCUNDO SUBTILl' IN \nSERMONE SUAVISSIMO- OMNIUM QUIBUS HOMO' NOBILIOR HUMANIOR ATQUE BEATIOR FIERI \n\n\nTHE IMMIGRANT. 53 \n\nthe arms, crest, and motto of the O'Sullivan More.1 The family \nis probably a connection of the Sullivans of Chesterfield; the \nprefix O' was not dropped by the Irish heads of the family till after \nthe American Revolution. \n\nThe Amorys were another important family. The first of the \nname here, Thomas Amory, went from Limerick to South Carolina, \nbut in 1721 removed to Boston. The family was active on the \nTory side at the time of the American Revolution, but have in \nevery way identified themselves with the prosperity of the city since. \n\" The Transfer of Erin,\" from the pen of Thomas Coffin Amory, in \nour own generation, shows that the tradition of Irish descent is \nneither forgotten nor dishonored. \n\nIt is to the Irish immigrants of this time that New England \nowes the introduction of the potato and the old-fashioned spinning- \nwheel.2 The potato, it is true, is an indigenous American product, \nand was unknown in Europe before Sir Francis Drake brought it \nfrom Virginia, in 1573; but it had been domesticated in Ireland, \nand from there first came to New England, where it has since been \na staple. The other gifts of Ireland to the Yankees — the old- \nfashioned foot- wheel and hand- loom — came with the Irish spinners and \nweavers that landed in Boston in the earlier part of the eighteenth \ncentury. These acquisitions came in a good time. The town was \nmuch worried to provide suitable help for the poor, and to promote \nindustry among the inhabitants. In 1720, when the appropriation \nfor the poor reached eighteen hundred pounds, the town authorized \na committee to consider and report on the establishment of a public \nspinning-school. They reported it expedient either to build or hire \na house for the purpose, and to employ \" some suitable person that is \na weaver, having a wife that can instruct children in spinning flax, the \ntown supplying them with money for a time on good security.\" Regu- \n\n• POSSIT PERSTUDIOSO' FILIA AMANTISSIMA ET AMICUS PIMJCIPUE DEVINCTUS' UT CONTEMPLATIO \nV1RTUTUM PERMANEAT HOC MARMOR LUGENTES POSUERUNT NATUS XII NOV. MDCCLXXIV \nEXCESSIT III SEPT. MDCCCXXXIX. \n\n1 For the arms and crest see \" Burke's Landed Gentry,\" The Sullivans of Wilmington. \nThe motto is \" LAMM FOISDIN EACH AN UACHTAR\" — (What we gain by conquest we secure \nby clemency). \n\n2 Drake, p. 560. \n\n\n54 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nlations for such a school were proposed, and a premium for good \nresults suggested.1 .In 1749 a society was established for encour- \naging industry and helping the poor by spreading the knowledge \nof the linen manufacture. This was a revival of the enthusiasm for \nspinning, and went to much greater lengths. It was probably the \nbasis of the effort to encourage Irish immigration, to which we shall \nshortly refer. The society was known as the Society for Encouraging \nIndustry, and .held an anniversary meeting on the 8th of August \neach year, where a sermon was preached and a collection made2 for \nthe benefit of the enterprise. On the Common there was held \na public spinning match; the women gathered by hundreds, each \nwith her wheel and distaff, and sat in rows spinning, rich and poor \ntogether, vying with each other in dexterity and grace for the ap- \nproval of a large company of the sterner sex. Weavers also appeared, \nin garments woven by themselves, working at a loom on a movable \nstage, carried on men's shoulders, and attended by music. Jt was \ndue to the efforts of this society that the so-called Manufactory \nHouse was erected, which stood, till 1806, in Long Acre street (now \nTremont), nearly opposite where Park-street Church now is. \n\nOn June 10, 1727, George Steward, of Ireland, was admitted an \ninhabitant. Five Irishmen were among the refugees from surround- \ning towns that were warned out of Boston, July 24 of the same year. \nSeptember 9, 1730, William Fryland and Francis Clinton, joiners \nfrom Ireland, were admitted inhabitants. December 1 1 of the same \nyear Dennis Cramy, a wig-maker from Ireland, was admitted. In Au- \ngust of 1736 appeared the brigantine \" Bootle,\" with nineteen trans- \nports, as mentioned in a previous chapter, together with other pas- \nsengers ; in September of the same year a shoemaker named James \nWhite gives notice that he has taken as journeyman into his family \none John Wallace, \" who was lately imported by Captain Beard, from \nIreland, \" on this same transport ship. \n\nDuring the two years 1736-38 ten ships are on record coming \nto Boston from Ireland, bringing a total of nearly one thousand pas- \n\n1 \" £5 for the first piece of linen spun and wove here, provided it be worth 43. per yd.\" \n1 £453 i* 1754- \n\n\nTHE IMMIGRANT. 55 \n\nsengers. It was on the occasion of this influx of Irishmen that the \nCharitable Irish Society was organized. Among these vessels were the \nsloop \"Hannah,\" with thirty-seven pasengers, and the sloop \"Two \nMollys,\" with forty-three passengers, which arrived in November, 1 736. \nIn September of the next year, came the ship \" Sagamore,\" with the \nheaviest load of passengers on record. They had been afflicted with \nmeasles on the passage, and it was only with great trouble they secured \npermission to land. The captain and a Mr. Hugh Ramsey, who had \nchartered the ship, were examined at some length by some of the \nphysicians of the town, whose opinion was, that it would be very \ndangerous to the inhabitants if the passengers or the ship's company \nwere allowed to land before they had \" aired themselves and cleansed \nthe ship.\" The immigrants were accordingly ordered to Spectacle \nIsland for that purpose. To secure the town against loss, in case \nany of these immigrants became a public charge, two separate bonds \nwere executed, — one for three hundred and eighty-one passengers, of \nthe penalty of one thousand pounds, and one for twenty-seven pas- \nsengers, of the penalty of two hundred pounds. On the same day \nwas filed a bond of six hundred pounds, for one hundred and sixty-two \npassengers imported from Ireland in the snow \" Charming Molly,\" \nCaptain James Finney. A couple of weeks before, a bond1 of five \nhundred pounds had been filed for passengers (number not given) \nin the brigantine \" Elizabeth,\" Captain William Mills. \n\nIn May of the next year came the ship \" Eagle,\" Captain William \nActon, with eighty-two passengers ; and the year after arrived the ship \nBarwick, Captain Ephraim Jackson, from Ireland, with forty-six \npassengers. Several other ships are incidentally mentioned ; among \nothers the ship \" Catharine,\" Captain Robert Waters, from which, in \nJune, 1737, a transport named Bryan Karrick and a \" spinster \" named \nCatharine Driscoll landed and dwelt in the town; the brigantine \n\"Salutation,\" Captain John Carall (spelled also Carrell), arrived in \nSeptember, 1737, with passengers, among whom were twelve that the \n\n1 The names of Robert Auchmuty, William Hall, and William Moore, early members of \nthe Charitable Irish Society, appear on these bonds; and Daniel Gibbs, master of the \n« Sagamore,\" was one of its orginal members. \n\n\n56 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\ntown formally admitted as inhabitants. These twelve were with one \nexception (Mary Burton, a \" single woman \") the families of Irish- \nmen already here, who had sufficiently prospered in their new home \nto be enabled to send to the old country for their wives, their sisters, \nand their children. There came also in the same ship George \nLucas, his wife and child, and in all probability other passengers \nwho did not happen to be mentioned in the selectmen's records. \nThe time of passage appears in one or two cases : the ship \" Sarah \nGalley,\" Captain Samuel Waterhouse, that was quarantined in April, \n1737, for small-pox, had taken seven weeks to come to Boston from \nCork. The three passengers in this vessel came from London. In, \nAugust of the previous year Captain Benedict Arnold touched at \nBoston in the \" Prudent Hannah,\" with one hundred and twenty pas- \nsengers, bound to Philadelphia ; and although he promised to take \nthem all on board again, Mr. John Savell took a servant from among \nthem. The passage from Ireland had occupied twelve weeks. The ship \n\"Sally,\" in 1763, came in fifty-nine days from Kingsgate, Ireland; \nthis vessel also was brought upon the record by being quarantined for \nsmall-pox. \n\nThe Irish settler in America turned up occasionally in unhappy \nstraits, and at Boston always received kindly treatment in his distress. \nIt is said that the suggestion of \" Gulliver's Travels \" came to Swift from \na returned Irish emigrant named Gulliver, whom James Boies had found \nsitting in tears on the road to Milton, and had helped to return to \nhis native land. In 1736, at a meeting of the selectmen of Boston, \nDennis Sullivant appeared, and upon examination said that he, with \nhis wife, were lately come to Boston from South Carolina by land ; \nthat he had been in town about five weeks, and wanted to return to \nEngland or Ireland as soon as he could conveniently obtain a passage \nfor himself and his wife. Of the same tenor is the following letter, \nwhich quaintly tells its own pathetic story : — \n\nDONNOUGHADEE, March ii, 1755. \nDEAR SON \n\nI Received Several Letters from you this while, which I am very much Grieved \nand in great Sorrow and trouble, about your poor and Melancholly Condition, I \n\n\nTHE IMMIGRANT. 57 \n\nhave wrot and sent 5 or 6 Letters to you within this 12 Months past whether you \nhave received any of them I doe not know, pray use or take all the Pains or opper- \ntunity you Can get to come home, through God8 assistance we shall doe what Lyes \nin my power for you while I Live, pray neglect noe opportunity in Comeing home \nas soon as Lyes in your power, your Mother has her Love to you and She is very \nDesireous and fond that you make the best Indeavour you can to gett home pray \nDelay not as soon is possible in Comeing home yr Brothers and Sister* has theire \nLove to you, and they are also very Desireous of yr Comeing home. Your Mother \nand I, joyne with our Blessing to you. \n\nall at present from yr Loving Father \n\nALEXDB McNEILY. \n\nI also pray God to bless these Good Chris- \ntians which has been pleased to take Notice of \nyou in your poor afflicted State and Condition. \n\n\nThe province appropriated fourteen pounds for the purpose of \nsending the poor fellow to his friends in Ireland. \n\nOn October 31, 1741, appeared in the harbor a sloop from \nIreland with sixty-five passengers, bringing a dreadful story of \ndistress and starvation. A meeting of the selectmen was imme- \ndiately called, and steps were taken to investigate the matter. It \nwas found that the unfortunate sloop was called the \" Seaflower,\" and \nhad sailed from Belfast, with Ebenezer Clark as captain, on July 10. \nShe was bound for Philadelphia. Her original complement of \npassengers was one hundred and six. On July 25 the captain died, \nand soon after the mate fell sick. They encountered heavy weather \nand sprung their mast. They lost all the ship's officers, and partly \nbecause they were now under no proper discipline, perhaps also \nbecause the original stock of provisions was so small as only to \nsuffice by the most careful allowancing, they soon exhausted their \nsupplies, and began to suffer the horrors of starvation. The water \nalso failed ; and the tortures of the ship's company aptly fitted the \ntale of the Ancient Mariner. In the extremity of their misery they \nresorted to cannibalism. Though our well-fed humanity sickens at \nthe thought of it, it is more than probable that no assembly of men, \nin such a time of despair, would hesitate long between the sweetness \n\n\n58 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nof life and the sacredness of death. Let us remember that that \ncompany of heroes who suffered with Greely in the Arctic winters, \nand came home to tell the tale, owed their wrecked existence to this \nghastly expedient. It is one comfort, that the lottery was not called \nupon to pick out a victim for sacrifice : they fell from exhaustion \nor disease in sufficient numbers to ensure a plentiful supply. Six \nsuccessive bodies were divided among their surviving shipmates, \nand they were already cutting up a seventh when they espied the \nBritish man-of-war \" Success.\" They were supplied with men and \nprovisions sufficient to bring them to Boston, where they arrived \nafter a passage of sixteen weeks, and with a loss of all their officers \nand about forty passengers. Of the sixty-five people surviving when \nthey entered Boston harbor, as many as thirty were so weak as to be \nincapable of helping themselves, and required the speediest care to \npreserve their lives. The day of arrival was Saturday ; on the fol- \nlowing Monday the Governor and his Council, acting on information \nreceived from the selectmen, ordered them to secure the vessel's \npapers and cargo, to \" dispose of the Servants and Passengers \" in \nthe hospital on Rainsford's Island, to support, nurse, and recover \nthem to health, and also to secure them for the use and service of \nthe owners of the sloop. The owners were to be notified immedi- \nately to repair to Boston to pay all charges, and to take all further care \nthat might be necessary of the ship and her unlucky freight. Upon \nthe refusal or neglect of the owners, the charges were to be demanded \nof the passengers, and exacted, if necessary, by the sale of their \nservices \" for a reasonable time.\" Accordingly, on Tuesday morning, \nthe vessel was taken down to Rainsford's Island, and the passengers \ncarried on shore and lodged in several rooms in the hospital. A \nmessenger was despatched to New Haven for the owner, Mr. Joseph \nThompson ; two weeks later he appeared, and with Capt. John Steel, \none of the selectmen of Boston, gave surety to cover the town's \nexpenses in their benevolent work. Notwithstanding this little for- \nmality, we find the next February that the town pays ten pounds \neight shillings for nursing and burials. One of the passengers, \nnamed Carr, was so far recovered by November 18 that he was \n\n\nTHE IMMIGRANT. 59 \n\nemployed as journeyman in the shop of Mr. Samuel Butler, the \nsaddler, at No. 2 Dock square. \n\nThe sensation which this tale of suffering created could hardly \nhave died away when the Governor received the following communi- \ncation. The spelling shows a trace of the brogue. \n\nThe humble supplication of us his Majesties Subjects Late from Urope — \nHumbly Showeth \n\nThat ye Suppliants together with upwards of one hundred & sixty more ship'd \naboard Martha and Eliz : Matthw Rowing Comander Bound fra Londonderry in the \nNorth of Ireland to New Castle in pensilvania and after being upwards of seventeen \nweeks at Sea, tossed and Exposed to Extrame hardships wee were cast upon the Shore \nat the Bay of Funday as we are told forty Eight Lagues East of St Georges River \nwhere we have Been Living poorly on Clames and other Eatibles we picked upon the \n\nshore to preserve our Lives, these Seven weeks past Cap\" Rowing hurrying us \n\nashore to shift for ourselves there Left us ; and he with some of the hands fittest for \nhis purpose went of from us and soon after came in ye Long bote to Frederick's fort : \nand thence they brought a Little Scooner and Small Sloop for the movible goods \nthat came with us and all such of ye passingers as was found alive on the Shore — \nBefore the Sloop and Scooner got to us, about thirty of the strongest & most \nHealthy, being In Extrame want ; went to y6 woods designing to travel as fare as \npossible for Inhabitants. Of these we can give no farther account — Eight or Nine \nmore of our Number went off along Shore seeking somewhat to support nature at \nthe time the Sloop and Scooner came for us, the hands abord (our mate and others) \nfor Reasons best known to themselves, was quite unwilling to send or sarch for \nthese : though we had seen them that very day on the shore sarching for food and \nEating Rockweed and so Left them & of these we can give no farther account. Now \nbesides these already Mentioned of all that Came first abord the vessel at London- \nderry there is but forty Eight of us now in being, many died at sea and many after \nwe came to Land the corps of wch Lie many of them yet on the Shore through wake- \nness we were not able to Interr them. The Sloop and Scooner aforesd took in as \nmuch as possible of ye goods that came alongst with us : and the Forty Eight Souls \nthey found alive and handy for them on the Shore but unwilliug to stay for the \nother Eight or Nine already mentioned that had just gone out from us, they got of \n(with us) for St. Georges. Monday Last the forty Eight got safe to pleasent point \nat the mouth of St. Georges River where our mate with the Rest of our Crew \nNowithstanding all they had brough from the vessel with them w* was more then \nEnough for them Charged us to pay twinty Shillings tarling Each for our passige \nfrom ye Shore where our Captain Left us to pleasent point where they Landed us. \nand for payment they Took and Stripted us of our Coats and Gowens we brough \nfrom Ireland with us, making all at their own price from soom they Have took fifty \n\n\n60 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nPounds worth for fifteen pounds of this money we are after all our hardships to pay \naccording to y* unreasonable Charge : we hope y Excellency (seeing there is no \nofficers here that can come at these Goods In the Sloop & Scooner as yet or can do \nus any Great Sarvice In this affair) will advise us who are but poor men simple \nwomen and See justice done us In this Strange Land. . . . they \nthink it not too Hard as we find after all to strip the Living and Lave us \nalmost Naked. . . . y« place is not able to support such a Number of us and \naway we can not get where provisions are more plenty no Sloop being Ready or \nwilling this time of y8 Year to take us off: and the most of us scarse able to walk \nthrough wakeness of Body & poverty the generality are women or small children \n\nST GEORGES ALECK CAMPBELL I \n\nNov. 20, 1741 #• WILL\" LUNNEN $ \n\nGovernor Shirley promptly communicated this case to the \nGeneral Court, saying that \" as Strangers and as they are in a very \nCalamitous and helpless Condition they are proper objects of our \nChristian Compassion.\" On the report of a committee appointed \nto investigate the matter, two days later it was voted to direct the \ngovernment officials at St. Georges to \" use all proper methods for \nrecovering thirty-nine persons missing and enquiring into the abuses \ncomplained of.\" And within three weeks from the date of writing \nof the petition, Sanders's sloop was loading \" two hundred and fifty \npounds old tenor \" in provisions, for the benefit of the unhappy Irish. \n\nIt was during this same year that a famine, second only to that \ndreadful one within our own memory, spread death and terror over \nunhappy Ireland. Hard was the fate of emigrants such as these, \nfacing a long and dangerous voyage, in a crowded ship, to a savage \nland ; fleeing from starvation at home, only to meet it in even more \nmerciless severity on a wild sea or a wilder coast. \n\nThere were other dangers attending the passage over. Piracy, \npure and simple, was then an every-day story ; but whatever ships \nwere lost in that way would hardly appear in the Boston records. \nPiracy, legalized by a declaration of war, and directed against the \ncommerce of one of the belligerents, in other words, privateering, \nwas also a constant danger. The result of a privateering exploit \nturned up in Boston in 1744. On the i8th of September arrived \nsixteen girls and three boys from Cape Breton; they had left \n\n\nTHE IMMIGRANT. 61 \n\nIreland for Philadelphia in July, were taken prisoners by a French \nprivateer and brought to Louisburg. A number of prisoners taken \nat Canseau by the French earlier in the year, before tidings of the \nwar had reached the colonies, were sent to Boston, and it is probable \nthat this collection of Irish non-combatants reached Boston with the \nsame party. They were sent to the almshouse. \n\nAt this time the people of Boston reversed their judgment of \nthe Irish, although they still stuck at the Catholic. Emigration of \nIrish was actively encouraged, agents being sent to Ireland, and the \ngrant of a ship being (as narrated below) obtained for the purpose. \nThe Irish penal code was then in operation, and the law did not \nsuppose any such person to exist as the Irish Roman Catholic. \n\nIn the winter of 1749-50 the Province granted to Mr. Joshua \nWinslow, Mr. Thomas Gunter, and Mr. Samuel Wentworth the loan \nof the frigate \" Massachusetts \" for a voyage to Ireland and back, with \nthe design of importing Irish Protestants. It appears that in some \nway this enterprise was counted as an exceedingly profitable one, for \none of the citizens said he would have given \" a thousand pounds \nOld Tenor \" for the grant of the ship, and another offered deeds of \na hundred acres (probably virgin forest) to any family intending to \nsettle on the land so conveyed. \" When the Grant of the Ship was \nfirst made us the news of it spread among the Irish in a surprising \nand quick manner into all parts of the government. My house soon \nafter was daily filld with Numbers, and they seemed so Elated and \nJoyous that the Governm* had so taken notice of them, that they \nwould encourage people enough to come, and no doubt But the Ship \nwould be as full as she could stow. \n\n\" Most of them that came wanted to send for some Relations or \nother. Others wanted to go as procurers, one saying he could Engage \nto procure Twenty, others thirty and forty and so on. Mr. More- \nhead was also very kind in assisting to write Circular Letters to all \nhis Friends far and near, Recommending this ship as the best oppor- \ntunity that could offer for transporting themselves.\" l \n\n1 Letter of Thos. Gunter to the Ho. of Rep., 16 April, 1754. Mass. Arch. v. 15 A, \nPP- 235-9- \n\n\n62 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nColonel Wendell, who was one of the committee appointed by the \nGeneral Court to manage the business on the part of the Province, \nwas so exasperated at not being admitted to a share in the enterprise \nthat he threw all possible obstacles in the way of its execution. He \nfinally succeeded in making it so profitless that the grantees, after \nbeing at considerable expense in repairing the ship and obtaining \nfreight, finally threw up the project in disgust, and the frigate was \nshortly afterward sold. \n\nAt the time that this grant was made James Boies was in Cork \non similar business, and wrote the following letter to Samuel \nWaldo : — \n\nMR. WALDO \nSh- \nin acquiescence wth ye Desire of mr Winslow that upon my arrival in \nIreland i should inform you therewith as I've ye managem* of two Vessels of mr Wm \nBowdoin's & shou'd be glad if yu or friends in Ireld did intend to carry familys from \nthence do believe I should be Enabled to treat wth you & Sooner than any other. \nI Shall be ready to Sail from thence ab* y« 20th of March next & if you have any \ncomm40 shall gladly Execute them. \n\nI am Sr \n\nYour most humble serv* &c \n\nJAMES BOIES \n\n(PS) My business here is to carry Passengers & Servants please to direct my \nlettT to y* care of mr Wra Winthrop merch1 in Cork. \n\nCORK y 2d February 1749/50. \nTo SAM\" WALDO Esqr. \n\nThe dangers due to overcrowding, though not so prominent in \nthe case of Irish ships as with the German immigrants of 1750 or \nthereabouts, undoubtedly prevailed to a great extent on all classes \nof passenger vessels. The following act, passed by the General \nCourt in February, 1750, shows the dangers that forced themselves \nupon the attention of the people. A penalty of five pounds per pas- \nsenger was incurred by violation of the provisions here quoted. Full \nauthority was given to the customs officials to make needful exam- \ninations. The heartless and criminal parsimony that led to such \n\n\nTHE IMMIGRANT. 63 \n\nhorrors as that of the sloop \" Seaflower \" is also borne in mind by \nthe legislators. \n\nAn act to regulate the Importation of Germans and other Passengers coming \nto settle in this Province : — \n\nWhereas Germans and other Foreigners may be Imported in so great Num- \nbers in one Vessel that through want of necessary room and Accommodations they \nmay often Contract Mortal and Contagious Distempers & thereby occasion not only \nthe death of great Numbers of such Foreigners in their passage but also by such \nmeans on their arrival in this Province those who may arrive may be so Infected as \nto spread the Contagion and be the cause of the death of many others. — To the \nend therefore that such an evil Practice may be prevented and Inconveniences \nthence arising avoided, as much as may be ; — \n\nBe it therefore Enacted by the Lieut Govr Council and House of Representa- \ntives, that from and after the publication of this Act no Master or Cornander of any \nShip or other Vessel whatsoever bound to the Port of Boston or elsewhere within \nthis Province shall Import into said Port of Boston or into any other Port within \nthis Province any greater number of Passengers in any one Ship or other Vessel \nthan such only as shall be well provided with good and wholesome Meat, Drink and \nother Necessaries for Passengers and others during the whole Voyage ; and shall \nhave room therein to contain for single Freight or Passengers of The age of \nFourteen years or upwards at least six feet in length and one foot six inches in \nbreadth. \n\nThe modern emigrant ship, with its vast storage capacity and \nswift trips, is free from many of the dangers attending the slower and \nless commodious vessels of earlier times. But even now the immense \ncrowd of people, twelve or fifteen hundred in a single ship, with ar- \nrangements made rather for sociability than for isolation, and to a \ncertain extent subject to the authority and even caprice of stewards \nand of petty officers generally, have been exposed to considerable \ndanger of social corruption, a danger which has been only recently, \nto a certain extent, eliminated. For what reform has been accom- \nplished in this direction the world owes its thanks to Miss Charoltte \nG. O'Brien, daughter of William Smith O'Brien (the Irish rebel of \n'48, who is said to trace his descent from Brian Boru), who entered \nsingle-handed upon the task of investigating the conditions attending \nthe passage and arrival of Irish immigrants in America. At a meet- \n\n\n64 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\ning of the Charitable Irish Society, Nov. 9, 1882, she gave an account \nof her efforts and results. Though there still remains work to be \ndone in this direction, the friendless young Irishwoman in one of \nthese floating cities has much to be thankful for, and far less diffi- \nculty in avoiding the snares that are ever spread for youth and \nchastity. \n\n\nTHE KNOW-NOTHING MOVEMENT. 65 \n\n\nCHAPTER VI. \n\nTHE KNOW-NOTHING MOVEMENT. \n\nTHE Know-nothing movement, so called, though nominally di- \nrected against all foreigners, arose in the deep hatred that the \nEnglish and their descendants bear against the Irish. Its cause is to \nbe sought deep in the roots of Irish history. Like the Greeks and \nPersians, these islanders, that should be allies and friends, as well as \nneighbors, have stood always with daggers lifted to perpetuate the \nshame of a faithless wife, the beautiful Devorgilla, of Brefny. No \nsoft-voiced, effeminate Paris, however, was Dermot McMurrough, the \nbetrayer of the Irish matron. Hoarse, gigantic, bloodthirsty, and ty- \nrannical, he was dearer to her than her own true lord, O'Rorke, and \nthe joy of home and kindred. She fled with him, and pursued by \nher husband and by the king, who actively espoused the cause of the \nO'Rorke, they embarked for Aquitaine, where they' found Henry \nII. of England. By his permission Dermot prepared and launched \nupon his native land Strongbow's army of Normans; and in this \ntreachery began the fight that has lasted without rest or reason for \nseven centuries. The Norman arms and discipline were everywhere \nvictorious. They built great castles and lived by plunder. In \nthe course of time they began to assimilate with the native Irish, a \nprocess which was much hastened by the neglect or inability of \nEngland to protect the loyal Anglo-Irish in times of rebellion. \n\nThe faithlessness of Devorgilla bore fruit two centuries later in \nthe infamous statute of Kilkenny,1 which separated the body of Ire- \nland into two parts, — the English Ireland being the head, entitled to \nreasonable consideration ; and the Irish Ireland, the tail, which existed \nonly for the sake of the head, and had of itself no claim to any kind \nof consideration. The separation was rigid. Intermarriage and fos- \n\n1 40 Edward III., Irish Stat. \n\n\n66 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nterage were high treason. English ecclesiastical preferments, monas- \nteries, horses, weapons, and any supplies, were forbidden to pass \nfrom English to Irish ; the Irish dress, their native manner of riding, \ntheir Irish language, or any mixing with the English, was forbidden. \nThe murder of an Irishman or the violation of an Irishwoman was no \ncrime, and war upon the Irish was the sacred duty of the English of \nthe Pale. It is true that these enactments were not enforced, and \nthat their very ferocity is an index of the weakness of the dominant \nbody ; but one can see \" that such as had the government of Ireland \ndid indeed intend to make a perpetual enmity between the English \nand the Irish, pretending that the English should in the end root out \nthe Irish.\" Although the rooting out is not yet completed, the \nhatred which inspired this spiteful statute has grown by exercise \nthrough centuries ; and the spectacle that Ireland furnishes in history \nis not unlike the condition of some households in the South before \n\" the Institution \" disappeared, where of the daughters of one father \none served the other early and late with all self-sacrifice and devotion, \nand for return had contempt and cruel abuse. \n\nWhen the Reformation came, Ireland's condition took the one \npossible increase of misery. Religious animosity was added to the \nrace-hatred that had embittered her servitude ; and from that time \nforward the Engli Jiman has known no honest faith, no Christian \ncharity, no human mercy, for the \" wild Irish \" of Ireland's native \nrace. \n\nTo that inherited hate, fostered by a careful silence of English \nhistorians on the merits and grievances of the Irish, and by a not less \ncareful emphasis on her religion, her wild and desperate struggles \nfor relief or vengeance, her physical, mental, and moral starvation, \nAmerica owes the mis-named \" American \" movement. It has sunk \nto sleep in times of danger, and the universally acknowledged superi- \nority of Irish soldiers has never gone begging. Irishmen signed the \nDeclaration of Independence. Irishmen like \" saucy Jack Barry \" in \nthe navy, like John Sullivan in the army, like Charles Carroll in the \nhalls of state-craft, have not been heedlessly thrown away. \n\nIt is in the piping times of peace, when the natural activity and \n\n\nTHE KNOW-NOTHING MOVEMENT. 67 \n\nenterprise of Irishmen makes them formidable competitors for leader- \nship, that the narrow-minded, the cowardly, and the ignorant fear to \nput \" aliens \" in command of a nation whose victories were in great \npart paid for by the blood of the alien race. \n\nProbably the first recorded symptom of this distemper is the \nutterance of Cotton Mather, in a sermon entitled \"A Pillar of Grati- \ntude,\" delivered in 1700, in honor of the arrival of Governor Bello- \nmont, and containing a good deal of rather unnecessary praise of \nthat functionary. The passage referred to says : \" There has been \nformidable Attempts of Satan and his Sons to Unsettle us: But \nwhat an overwhelming blast from Heaven has defeated all those \nAttempts? ... At length it was proposed that a Colony \nof Irish might be sent over to check the growth of this Coun- \ntrey : An Happy Revolution spoil'd that Plot : and many an one \nof more general consequence than That!\" It seems as if the \nreverend gentleman did not quite understand the characteristics of \nthe Irish ; certainly, if he were alive now, the most cursory inspection \nof the registry of births would convince him that if any one is \n\" checking the growth of this Countrey \" it is not the Irish. \n\nA dozen years or so afterward, when Irish began to come in \nconsiderable numbers to the shores of Massachusetts Bay, Boston \ntrembled again for the purity of her English stock, and finally took \nheart to impose regulations upon the march of colonization. The \ntown-meeting of May 4, 1723, passed the following order: 1 — \n\nWhereas great numbers of Persons have very lately bin Transported from \nIreland into this Province, many of which by Reason of the Present Indian war and \nother Accedents befalling them, Are now Resident in this Town whose Circum- \nstances and Condition are not known, Some of which if due care be not taken may \nbecome a Town Charge or be otherwise prejuditial to the well fair & Prosperity of \nthe Place.. \n\nFor Remedy whereof Ordered That Every Person now Resident here, that \nhath within the space of three years last past bin brought from Ireland, or for the \nfuture shal come from thence hither, Shal come and Enter his name and Occu- \npation with the Town Clerk and if marryed the number and Age of his Children \nand Servants, within the space of five dayes, on pain of forfeiting and paying the \n\n'Records, 1723, p. 177. \n\n\n68 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nSum of twenty Shillings for each offence, And the Sum of ten Shillings for Every \none that Shal Continue in the neglect or non-Observance of this Order, for and \nDuring the term of forty-Eight hours after the expiration of the fiue dayes afore- \nsaid So often as the Person offending Shal be complained of and Convict before \nany Justice of the Peace within the Said County. \n\nAnd be it further Ordered that whoever Shall Receive and Entertain and keep \nin his family any Person or Persons Transported from Ireland as aforesaid, Shal \nwithin the Space of forty-Eight hours after Such Receipt and Entertainment Return \nthe Names of all Such Persons with their Circomstances as far as they are able to \nthe Town Clerk. On Penalty of Twenty Shillings fine for the first forty-Eight \nhours and Ten Shillings for Every twenty-four houres he Shal be convict after the first \nforty-Eight hours and so toties quoties. \n\nAnd yet it is to these very immigrants, who are thus inveighed \nagainst here, that New England owes what she now prizes as the \nmost precious relic of her grandmothers, — the spinning-wheel of \nthe past, — now rising from garret-graves throughout the breadth of \nthe land, to bless with its shadowy memories the hearthstones of the \npresent. \n\nAt the time of the Revolution there were many Irishmen in \nBoston; enough to form a Tory company, — the Loyal Irish Vol- \nunteers, — and to send many recruits into the patriot ranks as well. \nIndividuals, like Knox, Cargill, and Malcom, rose into public notice \nas representatives of their race; others, like Crean Brush, and the \n\" mean-looking Irishman,\" mentioned in connection with the \" horred \nMassacre \" of March 5, 1 770,* were so rare as to prove the rule of Irish \nworth by forming the needful though unwelcome exceptions. Catho- \nlics then began to avow themselves, and to claim the right to worship. \n\nImmediately after the war was over Irishmen appeared and took \ntheir share in the liberty and prosperity of the town. In the Boston \nDirectories for 1789 and 1796, the only ones extant bearing an earlier \ndate than 1800, occur many names that must be readily recognized \nas Irish. Some of the more noticeable are Thomas and John Barry, \nMichael Burns, John and Owen Callahan, Daniel Carney, Patrick \nConnor, Jeremiah Driscoll, Patrick Duggan, Patrick Lyons, Michale \nMahoney, Patrick O'Brien, Patrick Welch, Flynn, Foley, Hurly, \n\n1 See Drake, p. 779. \n\n\nTHE KNOW-NOTHING MOVEMENT. 69 \n\nKelly, Lynch, McGee, McCarthy, Murphy. Here and there a name \nlike Patience Callahan shows a curious mixture of Puritan and Irish. \nSarah Malcom, the widow of Captain Daniel Malcom, kept a board- \ning-house on Ship (now North) street. Claude de la Poterie, Roman \nCatholic priest, vice-prefect, and missionary apostolic, rector- of the \nchurch in South Latin School street, lived in Oliver's lane. Crowley \n& Clark were tobacconists in Market square (now Faneuil Hall \nsquare). John Boyle and his son were booksellers. Christian \nGullagher was a \" limner,\" i.e. a portrait painter. Patrick Kenny \nwas a comedian. Anna McClure was a schoolmistress. Neil & \nGetty kept an Irish linen store on Hanover street. James Sullivan \nwas attorney-general, and his son William, then twenty-two years \nold, was in practice as a lawyer. Thomas Welsh, the patriotic physi- \ncian, was at this time a member of the school committee. \n\nNo sooner did Irish citizenship thus fairly appear and claim an \nindependent existence of equal rank with the other nationalities in \na country which has ever styled itself, and with truth, as the asylum \nof the oppressed of all lands, than the old British instinct began to \nassert itself in the form of a persistent denial of the fitness of Irishmen \nfor political activity of any kind. \n\nIn the wars between England and France, our commerce suf- \nfered impartially at the hands of either ; and the exasperated state \nof public feeling was gradually overcoming the horror of war from \nwhich the surrender of Yorktown had relieved us. The war party in \nthe national councils was divided into two hostile camps : one was \nfor war with Great Britain, and these were called Democrats ; the \nothers, the Federalists, were for war with France. \n\nNow, the immigrants of this time were, with very few and insig- \nnificant exceptions, exiles from Great Britain. The unsuccessful \nrising in Ireland in 1798, the rigid censorship of speech and press \nthat preceded and followed it, the vengeful memory of civil war and \nconquest on the one hand, and among the insurgents the bitterness \nof defeat, furnished weighty reasons for many an exodus from the \nland of sorrow. Such immigrants naturally took the Democratic \nside, and the rapid increase of that party, due to such accessions, \n\n\n70 . THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nformed the basis for active anti-alien action on the part of the \nFederalists. In 1795 the period of residence prerequisite to citizen- \nship, which by the first naturalization act was only two years, was \nextended to five; and in 1798, taking advantage of the strong war \nfeeling against France and the apparently unassailable supremacy of \ntheir party, the Federalists pushed the residence-period to fourteen \nyears. This policy was not, of course, likely to attract many immi- \ngrants to the Federalists' side ; the foreign-born citizens, with natural \nunanimity, took refuge in the ranks of the Democrats ; and as their \npolitical existence depended on their activity, they turned out to be \nvaluable recruits to the party of which they are to-day no incon- \nsiderable portion. The accession to the presidency of Thomas Jef- \nferson, in 1800, paved the way to the naturalization act of 1802, \nwhich reduced the period of residence to five years, insured fresh \nreinforcements of aliens, and formed the Democratic policy in regard \nto naturalization. \n\nIt is to her alien party, and especially to her Irish foster-sons, \nthat America owes the glorious history of the War of 1812. Foster, \nwho had been the British Minister at Washington, and who had done \nhis best to avert hostilities, on his return testified ^n Parliament that \nthe war with America had been kindled by the Irish exiles; and \nthat among the members of Congress who voted for war were six \nwho had been known as members of the Society of United Irishmen. \n\nThis war was very unpopular at the North, and particularly so \nin New England. Toward the end of the year 1814, representatives \nof the anti-war feeling met in convention at Hartford, Conn., and \npassed a series of resolutions full of the most ominous resentment \nat the national government, and almost threatening secession. They \nrecommended that \" naturalized foreigners should be debarred from \nmembership in Congress and from all civil offices under the United \nStates.\" \n\nAfter their adjournment, however, the brilliant close of the war \nso overwhelmed all opposition and seized upon the hearts of the \npeople, that the delegates to the convention were most heartily \nashamed of their work, and dropped the rebellious agitation like a \n\n\nTHE KNOW-NOTHING MOVEMENT. 71 \n\nhot potato. So it has been nearly always in the history of our \ncountry thus far: whenever the storm of hatred and prejudice \nseemed almost ready to drive back into the sea the foreigners that \nsought refuge on our shores, some great national crisis has arisen \nthat has given them, strangers and frie'ndless as they were, an oppor- \ntunity to show how stubbornly they can fight and how bravely they \ncan die for a flag that is ready to protect them in freedom. \n\nThe hostility to the Irish sometimes took a religious phase, \nbut it is undeniable that no very bitter or long-continued opposition \nhas been manifested against, say, the French; while against the \nIrish the excitement has run so high that on more than one occa- \nsion the peace of the city has been seriously threatened by it. \nCuriously enough this rancorous feeling culminated in open outrage \njust about one hundred years after the earlier Irish immigrants, \nfinding themselves rather coolly received in Boston, formed a society \nfor their own enjoyment, and for the succor of unfortunate kindred. \n\nOn Sunday, June II, 1837, occurred the famous Broad-street \nriot. An Irish funeral procession, going along East street, met a \nfire company returning from a fire in Roxbury. A contest began \nabout the right of way, in which, at first, the funeral people had the \nbest of it, and took possession of the engine-house. The firemen \nwent to the churches and sounded an alarm of fire, to which the \nother companies responded', and now drove the Irish through to \nPurchase and Broad streets. They sought refuge in their houses, \nbut their assailants followed them, breaking their windows and \nsmashing furniture. The air was full of flying feathers and straw \nfrom the beds which had been ripped up and emptied into the street. \nSome of the tenement-houses were completely sacked, the occupants \nfleeing for their lives. The mayor of the city, Samuel A. Eliot, was \nearly on the scene, but with the scanty police at his disposal could \ndo little to control the disturbance. He took immediate steps to call \nout the military. The National Lancers, a cavalry company recently \norganized, were all well known and easily reached, and in about two \nhours after the beginning of the riot the mayor entered Broad \nstreet with about eight hundred men, the Lancers heading the \n\n\n72 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\ncolumn. The riot was speedily quelled ; but the people were so \nexcited that a military patrol was maintained all night, and sentinels \nwere posted at the churches to prevent false alarms. \n\nAt the official investigation, the blame for beginning the disturb- \nance was equally divided between the firemen and the Irishmen. \nIt was estimated that over fifteen thousand persons were concerned \nin the disturbance. No lives were lost, but there was a great deal \nof pretty tough fighting, and a considerable amount of property \ndestroyed. One fireman was stretched senseless near Liverpool \nwharf, and the rumor that he had been killed added fury to the riot. \nSeveral of the \" native Americans \" were brought before the court \nand held in three or four hundred dollars. The forbearance of the \nIrish on previous occasions, as, for example, on the occasion of the \nburning of the Catholic convent at Charlestown, had led the people \nto look to them for unusual self-control in such matters ; though few \nmen of any nation could be expected to look with calmness on the \ndesolation of a not too comfortable home and the reckless and \ncauseless abuse of countrymen and friends. ,' \n\nSimilar mob violence occurred at other periods in the history of \nthe city. These outrages were not countenanced by the better class \nof Bostonians, but, unfortunately, they were so fierce in design and \nso relentless in execution that their traces will always remain as \nblemishes in the city's bright record. About the year 1837 a com- \npany of naturalized Irishmen, and men of Irish descent, organized a \nmilitia company, and took to themselves the name of \" The Mont- \ngomery Guards,\" after the famous Revolutionary general of that name, \nwhose Irish blood did not bar him from the friendship of Washington \nnor from the devotion of American soldiers and people. On Septem- \nber 12, 1837, a brigade inspection was held on Boston Common, under \nGen. J. L. C. Amee. The brigade comprised Major Hoppin's bat- \ntalion of artillery, in three companies ; the National Lancers, attached \nto the Second Regiment of Infantry ; the Pulaski Guards, attached to \nthe Third ; and the ten companies of Colonel Smith's regiment of light \ninfantry. One of these ten companies was the Montgomery Guards. \nPrejudice and race antipathy had risen to such a height that the mem- \n\n\nTHE KNOW-NOTHING MOVEMENT. 73 \n\nbers of many of the other companies of the regiment had deliberately \nplanned to march off the field if the Irish company appeared on \nparade. They did, of course, appear ; and, in accordance with the \nagreement, no sooner had the regiment formed upon the parade- \nground than the privates and non-commissioned officers of one of \nthe anti-Irish companies, called the City Guards, left the field, under \nthe leadership of a sergeant, in disobedience to the commands of \ntheir officers and in gross violation of military discipline. This dis- \ngraceful example was followed by other companies, the Lafayette \nGuards, the Washington Light Infantry, and a large portion of the \nFusileers, and of the Mechanic Riflemen. The commissioned \nofficers, and in some cases a part of the warrant officers and privates, \nstood to their posts ; but three companies entire and portions of the \nothers were sufficient to give to the mutiny an aspect of previous \nconcert and of determined insubordination not at all reassuring to \nthe friends of good order. The deserting companies marched \nthrough the streets to their quarters with drum and fife, playing \n\" Yankee Doodle,\" and company standards flying beside the United \nStates flag. \n\nIn the afternoon, when the companies were dismissed, the Mont- \ngomery Guards with the others left the Common and proceeded to- \nwards their armory near Faneuil Hall. They were followed by a \nmob who pelted them with stones, coal, and sticks of wood all along \ntheir line of march. Not the least reprisal was attempted by the \nGuards, but keeping their ranks and marching steadily through the \nspiteful shower of missiles, they reached their armory, and from there \nquietly dispersed to their homes, having set an example for self- \nrestraint and devotion to duty that put the \" natives \" to shame. \n\nGovernor Everett, who on the preceding St. Patrick's day had \nattended the centennial of the Charitable Irish Society, and knew \nsome little of the worth and antiquity' of Irish citizens' service, issued a \nproclamation denouncing in strong terms the conduct of the City \nGuards and their imitators, and expressing warm approval \" of the \nexemplary behavior of the Montgomery Guards under the trying cir- \ncumstances in which they were placed in the course of the day.\" \n\n\n74 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nOf the forty members of this company, thirty-two were native- \nborn, and only eight were naturalized. It is more than probable that \nit contained the sons of Irishmen whose fathers had fought in the \nbattles of the Revolution. The Lafayette Guards and the Columbian \nArtillery Company afterwards became known as Irish organizations ; \nand the latter, after its disbandment, formed an association which \nwas the nucleus of Company A of the Irish Ninth. Such is the \nirony of history. \n\nThe organization of nativism in America was un-American in \nevery particular. Nominations were made by secret meetings of per- \nsons unknown to the great majority of the members, and voted for on \npain of expulsion. It was a secret, oath-bound fraternity, whose real \nobjects and even whose name were not revealed to its own members \ntill they had reached the higher degrees of initiation. During a cer- \ntain investigation this regulation caused witnesses who were members \nto reply constantly \" I don't know,\" and suggested the name by which \nthe movement has since been called. The name of the association \nwas said to be \" The Sons of '76 ; or, the Order of the Star-Spangled \nBanner.\" At first, selections of the best candidates were made from \neither party, and as they were secretly communicated to the members \nand universally balloted for by them, the results were the despair of \nthe political calculator. In New York City the election of 1843 \nhad gone to the Democrats, and the fight had been for years so close, \nso desperately contested, and so various in result, that the feeling \nbetween partisans was exasperated and bitter ; and the victors, as a \nhome-thrust to the vanquished, gave the lion's share of the city patron- \nage to foreigners. The next year brought an \" American \" victory, in \nwhich the vote stood 24,510 \"American,\" 20,538 Democratic, 5,297 \nWhig. In Philadelphia riots between the natives and the Irish led to the \nburning of two Catholic churches and the cracking of the Liberty bell. \nIn 1845 New York and Philadelphia gave native majorities. In 1847 \nthe American party in New York City was invisible. In the same \nyear, in Boston, an assembly of all the lodges in the neighborhood \nwas arranged to meet, on the anniversary of the battle of Bunker Hill, \nin the midst of a crowded settlement of Irish on Fort Hill. Warned \n\n\nTHE KNOW-NOTHING MOVEMENT, 75 \n\nand exhorted by their clergy, \" followers of an Italian prince\" though \nthey were, the Irish remained that day within their humble homes, \nand allowed the insulting procession to have its unpatriotic holiday, \nwithout furnishing them the opportunity they sought for marring the \npeace of the city. \n\nThe spirit of the leaders of this movement, many of whom were \nin other things worthy of all respect, is well shown by the following \n\" Address \" to the native Americans of New York, signed \" J. T. B.,\" \nand printed in the editorial columns of the Boston \" Courier,\" Oct. \n31, 1844. The author was Joseph T. Buckingham. Extracts only \nare here given : — \n\n. . . In the plentitude of that generosity which has induced us to feed \nthe hungry, clothe the naked, ... we have wanned into life the torpid viper \nand the fanged adder, that already begin to show their teeth and spit their venom \nupon our dear and blood-bought privileges, our sacred and most cherished insti- \ntutions. Already the foreigners . . . attempt to control our legislators, to \nnominate our magistrates, and to brow-beat our voters at the ballot-box ; and if \nany of them are too diffident or too ignorant to talk to us in the tone of defiance \nand domination, they sell their votes to the more enlightened and crafty demagogue, \nand perjure their souls at the command of profligate leaders. Give to them freely \nall the advantages which your children enjoy — pay them liberally for their labor — \nhelp them to acquire property by enterprise and industry — and when, like your \nchildren, they have lived among you twenty-one years, let them exercise your common \nprivilege of admission to the ballot-boxes. \n\nThe unsuccessful risings and the dreadful famine in Ireland, \nbetween 1846 and 1850, sent crowds of emigrants to America, and \npolitics soon began to feel the impetus of their addition to Demo- \ncratic ranks. Much was said in nativist circles about \" the greed \nand incapacity of foreign-born citizens for office.\" The periodic \nCatholic scare reached one of its maxima. On the crest of this rose \nanother wave of the anti-Irish excitement, which Boston felt severely. \nPolitical associates were taunted with the alliance of \" Irishmen \nfresh from the bogs of Ireland,\" who were \" led up to the desk like \ndumb brutes, their hands guided to make a straight mark,\" and to \n\"vote down intelligent, honest native citizens.\" In 1851, under \n\n\n76 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nMayor John P. Bigelow, the Charitable Irish Society respectfully de- \nclined an invitation to participate in the Railroad jubilee procession, \n\"for causes and from feelings best known to themselves,\" most \nprobably on account of the disagreeable position that they would be \nplaced in if they accepted and appeared in the parade. \n\nThe next year Benjamin Seaver was elected mayor, and the \n\" Traveller \" shortly afterward contained an announcement that the \nCatholic priesthood, on the ground that the Irish had put him in \noffice, would shortly demand, among other revolutionary and \ndangerous things, that the Catholic priests should visit the city in- \nstitutions at South Boston and Deer Island. Mild as that measure \nseems to us to-day, it was undoubtedly dangerous and revolution- \nary in the eyes of the ill-balanced cranks of the time. One \nof the especial bugbears of the Know-nothings was the project \nof selling the jail lands on Leverett street to the Catholics : prop- \nerty was to be run down by the building of a Catholic church in \nthat locality, and possibly there were other dangers ; at any rate, \nit was as effective for the Know-nothing politician as a red rag \nfor a bull. \n\nAfter two terms of Mayor Seaver came two terms of Jerome \nVan Crowninshield Smith,1 a Know-nothing sachem, whose adminis- \ntration wore out the patiences of the city. The expenses of the ten \nmonths, January-October, 1855, were $12,586, including over \n$2, 5 oo for carriage-hire and refreshments; and in addition a little item \nlabelled \" Probable amount due at Young's Hotel,\" amounting to \n$1,500. The expenses for this single year were greater than for both \nof Seaver's administrations, and the city debt was increased nearly one \nmillion of dollars. The people were justly incensed at the abuse of \na government which made such great pretensions as to \" morality, \ntemperance, and religion : \" a large meeting was held in Faneuil Hall, \nand from this agitation sprang- the citizens' movement, which has \nsince taken a very important part in our political history. \n\nThe American faction nominated Nathaniel B. Shurtleff, a good \n\n1 His initials used to be translated Jerome Vaccinating the Children Smith, on account \nof an unpopular regulation as to vaccination in the schools. \n\n\nTHE KNOW-NOTHING MOVEMENT. 11 \n\nman in a bad cause, and resorted to the old-fashioned tricks, and \nfalsehoods, and insults to bring contempt upon their opponents. \nThe Boston \" Bee \" was perhaps the most virulent. November 28 it \ncontained this editorial : \" It is currently reported that the self-con- \nstituted, dark-lantern clique of sixty, in making up their ticket for \nMayor and Aldermen, waited upon f John, Bishop of Boston,1 \nand consulted His Holiness. . . . f John urged the claims of \ntwo or more on the Aldermen list, remarking that if they were \nupon the ticket he would pledge the entire Catholic vote of Boston \nfor the Committee's tickets. . . . This is nothing new. \nSome few years since during the season of the Whig ward and city \ncommittee ... a committee was appointed to wait upon f John \nand get him to suggest some names that would be acceptable to the \nIrish voters. . . . This is the manner in which the American \ncitizens of Boston have been treated by the Whig party and [the \ncitizens' committee] are now endeavoring to gain the ascendancy by \nthe same contemptible means.\" \n\nOn the same day the \" Post,\" a Democratic paper, contained the \nfollowing in regard to the citizens' ticket : \" This will be opposed by \nthe Protestant Jesuits, a thoroughly drilled phalanx which a Loyola \ncould./ have gloried in ; bound together by oaths ; working by politi- \ncal machinery the most perfect ever worked ; and which, however \nmuch shattered in other States, remains tight and strong and in \nsound order in Massachusetts. This fact should be looked full in \nthe face. It counsels thorough organized effort on the part of those \nin favor of the citizens' ticket.\" \n\nThe contest was close and exciting, the undeniable worth of the \nKnow-nothing candidate making the defeat of his party difficult; \nbut the result was the election of Alexander H. Rice, one of the best \nmayors Boston ever had. \n\nIt was in this year that the Columbian Artillery, an Irish com- \npany, voluntarily disbanded to escape persecution at the hands of \nthe State Government ; they subsequently organized as the Colum- \n\n1 Rt. Rev. John Bernard Fitzpatrick, died 1866; son of Bernard Fitzpatrick, one of the \nearly members of the Charitable Irish Society. \n\n\n78 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nbian Associates, and, as mentioned elsewhere in this chapter, formed \na point of beginning for the Ninth Regiment. \n\nThe anti-slavery contest now rose into prominence and ensured \nthe total wreck of the so-called American party. In the national \nelection they were almost completely buried, receiving as their share \nof the two hundred and ninety-six electoral votes only the eight \nvotes of Maryland. Their strength in New Hampshire sank from \nthirty-two thousand in March to a little over four hundred in No- \nvember. Popular attention was soon turned towards the restive \nSouth, and in the tornado of civil strife which soon burst upon our \ndistracted country, many Irishmen won citizenship on the field of \nbattle, rallying and falling around the green flag that, alas ! can \nnever wave but in a foreign fight. No five years' probation then — \nonly the bloody ordeal of the cannon, the rifle, and the bayonet ; \nand not a few of Erin's sons entered upon citizenship and immor- \ntality together. Let us hope that in that fierce flame the Know- \nnothing stubble was totally consumed. \n\n\nThere are other pages to which we would gladly turn, — glimpses \nof neighborly kindness — \" good deeds in a naughty world,\" shining \nencouragingly from salient points in Irish and American history. \nBut such occurrences, overbalancing as they do the most disheartening \nitems of the preceding account, are not in the same sense exclu- \nsively a portion of Boston's history. The most recent and most \nvaluable token of this generosity is the noble support which America \nis giving to the Home Rule agitation, not only in money, which is \nof course indispensable, but also in moral encouragement, where \nBoston's influence is freely and effectively bestowed. One cannot \nbut remember the earnest sympathy of Ireland with the American \ncolonies in the darkest hour of their need ; we venture to add an \ninstance of this mutual regard immediately connected with the pre- \nrevolutionary excitement in Boston. \n\nAt the town-meeting of March 12, 1771, about a year after \n\n\nTHE KNOW-NOTHING MOVEMENT. 79 \n\nthe \" massacre \" in State street, a letter \" from that celebrated \nPatriot, Dr. Lucas, of Ireland,1 owning the Receipt of one transmitted \nhim by a Committee of this Town together with the Pamphlet rela- \ntive to the horred Massacre in Boston March 5, 1770 — was read \nand attended to with the highest satisfaction.\" Dr. Joseph Warren, \nSamuel Adams, and two others were appointed a committee to reply \nto this letter. This distinguished Irishman was a physician of high \nprofessional standing, and a patriot whose services to Ireland and to \nliberty everywhere will make him long remembered. His opinions \nwere so radical that he was twice exiled by the English government, \nand his writings were burned by the common hangman. He repre- \nsented Dublin in Parliament from 1761 till his death, November \n4, 1771. He established the \" Freeman's Journal,\" which has ren- \ndered, and still renders, yeoman's service to the cause of Irish \nliberty. \n\nHis personal appearance was very striking ; it is said that all \nvisitors to Parliament were curious to know his name. Dr. Johnson \nwrote of him, \" Let the man thus driven into exile for having been \nthe friend of his country, be received in every place as a confessor \nof liberty.\" There is a statue of him in the Dublin City Hall. It \nmust ever be regretted that his death, at the age of fifty-eight, pre- \nvented him from seeing the triumph of the struggle in whose birth \nhe had been so warmly interested. \n\nAnother token of America's bounty to Ireland was the famine \ncontribution of 1 847. Of the one hundred and fifty thousand dollars \nreceived by the New England committee, over fifty thousand dollars \nwas the gift of Boston ; and on the departure of the expedition bear- \ning this charity to the wards of step-motherly England, it was rec- \nollected that Ireland had anticipated the idea one hundred and \nseventy years before. In 1677, after the close of King Philip's War, \nthe Massachusetts colonies were in great distress. Out of a popu- \nlation of perhaps twenty-five thousand, five or six hundred, fully \none-tenth of her fighting men, fell in battle with the savages. Very \nopportunely at this time came the famous \" Irish donation,\" a whole \n\n'Charles Lucas, M.D., born Sept. 16, 1713. \n\n\n80 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nshipload of provisions from some friends of the Boston churches in \nDublin. The immediate occasion of this expedition was the appeal \nof Dr. Increase Mather to his friends in Ireland ; the effectiveness of \nthe appeal being probably due, at least in part, to the active sym- \npathy of Nathaniel Mather, who was then in London, for the home \nof his family and the scene of his earliest labors. \n\nThe supplies came in \" the good ship called the Katherine of \nDublin,\" consigned to William Ting, James Oliver, and John Hull, \nwho were authorized to sell enough of the cargo to pay the freight, \namounting to four hundred and fifty pounds, and then to distribute \nthe remainder to the poor. The directions as to this distribution \nfurnish a touching commentary on the religious intolerance of the \nMassachusetts people : — \n\nWee desire that an equall respect bee had to all godly psons agreeing in \nfundamentals . . . though differing about the subject of some ordinances, & \npticularly that godly Anti-peodobaptists bee not excluded : w6*1 wee the rather thus \nperticularly insert because sundry reports have come hither suggesting that godly \npsons of that pswasion have been severely dealt withall in New England & also \nbecause divers of that pswasion in this Citty have freely & very Considerably con- \ncurred in advancing this releife. \n\nThat if any of y* Indians in New England who have adhered to the English \nin the present Warr bee bro't to distress by their barbrous Countrymen they bee by \nno means forgotten, . . . Especially that those of them that are of the house- \nhold of faith . . . may be singularly regarded. \n\nThe proportion of this town was fifteen pounds six shillings, \ndistributed among twenty-nine families, comprising one hundred and \ntwo persons. The distribution was made in March, 1677, and went \nto show that Boston had suffered nearly five times as much by the \nwar as any other place ; but we must note that the Boston troops \nwere not in any one of the great massacres, and that the presence \nof many of the distressed in Boston must be due to its being resorted \nto as an asylum by the hardy settlers whose homes had been scattered \nhere and there in the unprotected country. \n\nIn an account of this occurrence Mr. Charles Deane gives us a \nlittle foot-note, saying, \" Respecting this Irish charity, we must not \n\n\nTHE KNOW-NOTHING MOVEMENT. 81 \n\nindulge in the pleasing reflection that our fathers were indebted for \nits bestowment to the warm sympathies and generous impulses of the \nIrish Catholic. I intend nothing by the remark, but to make a state- \nment of the fact.\" \n\nThis statement is undoubtedly true ; because under the rule of \nCharles I., the Catholics were deprived of their property with a view \nto winning them into the Established Church, and under Parliament's \nrule they were banished in shiploads. When the king \" got his own \nagain,\" the change of masters gave no relief, and the Irish Catholics, \nwho had fought not for their religion,1 but for their property, for \ntheir means of living, and for the homes of their ancestors, were left \nwith little to live on, far less to give away. It seems hardly neces- \nsary for a man learned in the history of the world to say that the \n\" Irish charity \" must have come from those who alone had the \nmeans to be generous. Yet if it were not for the possessions that \nIrish Catholics once had, and had with little grace yielded, the warm \nheart of the Irish Protestant would have had to give from his own \nhard earnings, if he gave at all. \n\n1 Clogy, \" Life of Bedell,\" quoted in Lecky's \"England in the XVIIIth Century,\" p. 185. \n\n\n82 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nCHAPTER VII. \n\nTHE IRISH SOLDIER. \n\nIRISH valor, Irish decision, Irish perseverance, have filled the \npages of American history with a story which has an intense \ninterest for the people of Irish blood in the United States. From \nthe early period, when the yoke of unjust taxation became unbearable, \ndown to the casting aside of that other yoke, of unbearable human \nservitude, Irish thought as well as Irish heroes have come forth to \ntake their places in the annals of this great nation. There are \nindividual incidents when credit is accorded a brave man of French, \nDanish, or other foreign extraction, but none seem to have so firmly \nfixed themselves in a rightful demand for due credit in making and \nsustaining this republic as the Americans of Irish blood. To obtain \nthis place, too, they had to overcome religious, social, and commercial \nobstructions raised by the very men by whose side they have stood \nnow for over a century. They backed Col. James Barrett at Concord \nBridge, and joined in that shot that awakened the world. They saw \nthe great war-ships of a great nation humbled by Commodore Barry \non Lake Erie. They helped to hunt Mexico, and were in at the \ndeath. They flocked by thousands to Lincoln's call in the sixties, \nfought to end the war, and have since fought in politics to bury the \nsectional strife engendered by it. The renown of their deeds is left \nto their descendants to record and boast of. There is no apology to \nmake, no shame to veil. Properly to digest their military history \nalone, would require years of patient labor. The purpose of this \nchapter is to briefly present that part of it which relates to Boston. \nIt has not been an easy task. The writers of the Irish-American \npeople have left very imperfect records where they have left any, \nand the other historians have not cared, seemingly, to note the \nnationality of the people of whom they wrote. \n\n\nTHE IRISH SOLDIER. 83 \n\n\nI. — Concord and Lexington. \n\nThey came into the full light of colonial history at Lexington \nand Concord. The cry of Paul Revere roused them to take their \nshare in the defence of the common cause. They responded \npromptly. Among them was Hugh Cargill, the Ballyshannon man, \nformerly belonging to Boston, but now of Concord. To his prompt* \nresponse Concord owed the safety of her records. Among them \nalso was Col. James Barrett, who was the commander of the minute- \nmen of the town. Hardly had he left his bed when he heard of the \nmurderous work of the regulars at Lexington. He removed, as was \nhis first duty, a part of the colonial stores which had been hidden in \nhis town, and then, with his command, fought the intruders at the \nNorth Bridge. The news of the dire work spread ; the minute-men \ngathered. No more beautiful picture of united patriotism adorns \nhistory. They left their wives and children, their workshops and \nfarms, to gather for the fight. They came in scattered groups, \ndressed as they happened to be when the tidings of the fight came \nto them, only stopping long enough to snatch up their flintlocks, \nexamine the priming, belt on the powder-horn and bullet-pouch. \nAll the roads centring towards the main one along which the \nEnglish must retreat presented these groups. At every cross-road \ntheir numbers increased. In the hurrying knots of men were \ncitizens of all the surrounding towns, who had been gathering since \nfour o'clock that morning. Some were led by their preachers, others \nby chosen captains, while still others went into the fray without a \nleader. Young and old cheered one another on for the conflict. \nAlong the line of their march, patriotic mothers, wives, sweet- \nhearts, and daughters bade them \" God-speed.\" \" Impossible to \nhave conquered such a people \" was the comment of a great \nBritish statesman. \" The only way for Great Britain to regain \nher hold would have been to exterminate them, men and women \nalike.\" \n\nWhen they reached the main road their first question was : \n\n\n84 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nHave the red-coats passed? Where are they? Then the hurrying \nto give them battle. \n\n\" You know the rest In the books you have read \nHow the British regulars fired and fled, — \nHow the farmers gave them ball for ball \nFrom behind each fence and farmyard wall, \nChasing the red-coats down the lane, \nThen crossing the fields to emerge again \nUnder the trees at the turn of the road, \nAnd only pausing to fire and load.\" \n\nThey awoke the English to a true realization of the manhood \nof the new country. They were compelled to fly before the very \nmen whom they had taunted with cowardice. The \" battle of the \nminute-men \" is without a parallel in history. Only another hour's \ndelay, and the whole command that had gone forth in such martial \nsplendor would have been compelled to lay down their arms to the \nunorganized, undisciplined farmer. The Yankees were marksmen. \nEvery crack of their old flintlocks meant one red-coat less. They \nfired from behind the walls ; they chased the British till the ree'n- \nforcing column received them into their midst; and the fugitives, \ntheir limbs powerless and their tongues hanging out with utter \ndistress, dropped on the road from exhaustion. \n\nTo trace many of these marksmen back to the \" old sod \" would \nbe an impossibility ; but the list presented below, of Irish-American \nminute-men, is as complete and accurate as careful investigation and \ninquiry can make it. Names of an undoubted Irish origin are taken \nas substantial evidence of the nationality of the bearers themselves, \nor of their ancestors. Many others there were, of Irish birth or blood, \nwhose identification is lost by intermarriage ^nd the carelessness of \nhistorians. Of Col. James Barrett, who commanded at Concord, it \nis said that he was an Irish- American. \n\nHugh Cargill, to whom reference is made above, was a liquor \ndealer on Cambridge street, which at that time began at Sudbury \nstreet, and reached the edge of the water at about the line of West \nCedar street He was a member of Engine Company No. 6. He \n\n\nTHE IRISH SOLDIER. 85 \n\nmoved to Concord before 1796, and died there in 1799. He \nbequeathed to the town of Concord the Stratton Farm, valued in \n1800 at $1,300, to be improved as a poor-house — for which pur- \npose it is still used. He also gave several other parcels of real estate, \nvalued at $3,720, the income of which is solely to be applied for the \nbenefit of the poor. At the time of the Concord fight, Cargill was \non hand, and assisted in removing the Concord town-records to a \nplace of safety. He served at Bunker Hill as sergeant in Alisha \nBrown's company, in the regiment of Colonel Nixon. His tomb \nis marked by a plain slab : at the top is carved an urn, bearing his \ninitials ; below is this epitaph : — \n\nHere lies interred the remains of Hugh Cargill, late of Boston, who died in \nConcord, January 12, 1799, in the sixtieth year of his age. Mr. Cargill was born in \nBallyshannon, in Ireland ; came to this country in the year 1774, destitute of the \ncomforts of life ; but by his industry and good economy, he acquired a good \nestate ; [demised] to his wife, Rebecca Cargill ; likewise a large and generous \ndonation to the town of Concord for benevolent purposes. \n\nHow strange, O God, that reigns on high, \n\nThat I should come so far to die ! \n\nAnd leave my friends, where I was bred, \n\nTo lay my bones with strangers dead I \n\nBut I have hopes, when I arise, \n\nTo dwell with them in yonder skies.1 \n\nAnother prominent name in the accounts of Concord and Lex- \nington is Dr. Thomas Welsh, who was army surgeon to the patriots. \nHe it was who met brave Dr. Joseph Warren, the hero of Bunker \nHill, as he rode through Charlestown, at about ten, o'clock on the \nmorning of that memorable April day. The news of the firing had \nbeen brought to Dr. Warren by messenger, and he informed Dr. \nWelsh that the reports of the murderous work of the regulars \nwere true. \n\n\"Well,\" said Dr. Welsh, \"they are gone out.\" \n\n\"Yes,\" replied Dr. Warren, \" and we'll be up with them before \nnight.\" How true this prophecy was history tells. \n\n1 Thomas D'Arcy McGee : Hist, of the Irish Settlers in America, p. 34. \n\n\n86 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nDr. Welsh was born at Charlestown, June I, 1754. He married \nMary Kent of that town. He performed great service for his coun- \ntrymen in attending to the dying and the wounded at Lexington and \nBunker Hill. He was at Winter Hill, by which the troops that went \nto Cambridge retreated. He, with Samuel Blodgett, assisted in \narresting the retreat of the New Hampshire troops flying from the re- \ndoubt on Bunker Hill. He was surgeon at Castle Island in 1799, \nhospital physician at Rainsford's for many years, a member of the \nBoston Board of Health, vice-president of the Massachusetts Medical \nSociety in 1814, and a member of the American Academy of Arts \nand Sciences. He died at Boston in February, 1831. He was the \nlast of the orators on the \" horred massacre\" of 1770. The oration \nwas delivered in the Old Brick Church on Chauncey place, off Summer \nstreet, March 5, 1783, the year peace was declared and the colonies \nwere united in a growing republic. In his peroration he said : — \n\nAt length independence is ours. The halcyon day appears. Lo ! from the \neast I see the harbinger, and from the train 'tis Peace herself, and, as attendants, \nall the gentle arts of life. Commerce displays her snow-white navies, fraught with \nthe wealth of kingdoms. Plenty from her copious horn pours forth her richest \ngifts. Heaven commands ! The east and the west give up, and the north keeps \nnot back. All nations meet and beat their swords into ploughshares and their \nspears into pruning-hooks, and resolve to learn war no more. Henceforth shall the \nAmerican wilderness blossom as the rose, and every man shall sit under his fig-tree, \nand none shall make him afraid. \n\nBelow is given a list of Irish names from the rolls of the Lex- \nington minute-men : — \n\nDaniel Bagley, Wait Burke, Joseph Carroll, \n\nJohn Barrett, Daniel Carey, Cornelius Cochran, \n\nJohn Boyd, Joseph Carey, William Cochran, \n\nDaniel Bradlee, Peter Carey, Henry Cogen, \n\nJohn Bradlee, William Carey, John Collins, \n\nWilliam Bradley, Silas Carty, Jeremiah Collins, \n\nEdward Breck, John Carrell, Mark Collins, \n\nJoseph Burke, Patrick Carrell, Nathaniel Collins, \n\nRichard Burke, Jonathan Carroll, Samuel Collins, \n\n\nTHE IRISH SOLDIER. \n\n\n87 \n\n\nDaniel Connors, \nWilliam Connors, \nJohn Crehore, \nTimothy Crehore, \nWilliam Crehore, \nJames Dempsey, \nPhilip Donehue, \nBenjamin Donnell, \nJames Donnell, \nJoseph Donnell, \nJohn Donnelly, \nJohn Downing, \nAndrew Duningan, \nJohn Fadden, \nThomas Fanning, \nWilliam Fanning, \nJohn Farley, \nMichael Farley, \nJohn Fay, \nThomas Fay, \nTimothy Fay, \nWilliam Fay, \nJohn .Fife, \nRobert Fife, \nJohn' Flood, \nWilliam Flood, \nJohn-Foley, \nMathew Gilligen, \nRichard Gilpatrick, \nJames. Gleason, \nJohn Gleason, \nThomas Gleason, \nJohn Golden, \nJoseph Golden, \nJames Gooly, \nJohn Grace, \nDaniel Griffin, \nJoseph Griffin, \nJohn Racket, \nJoseph Racket, \n\n\nRichard Racket, \nThomas Racket, \nWilliam Racket, \nJoel Hogan, \nJohn Haley, \nThomas Haley, \nWilliam Haley, \nJohn Healy, \nJohn Holland, \nJohn Hugh, \nDavid Kelly, \nGeorge Kelly, \nJohn Kelly, \nPatrick Kelly, \nPeter Kelly, \nRichard Kelly, \nSamuel Kelly, \nStephen Kelly, \nDavid Kenny, \nJames Kenny, \nJohn Kenny, \nNathaniel Kenny, \nThomas Kenny, \nWilliam Kenny, \nJeremiah Kinney, \nDaniel Lary, \nSamuel Lauchlin, \nJames Logan, \nJoseph McAnnell, . \nThomas McBride, \nJohn McCarty, \nAndrew McCauseland, \nJohn McCullin, \nMichael McDonnell, \nJames McFadden, \nEbenezer McFarley, \nThomas McFarley, \nHenry McGonegal, \nJohn McGrah, \nDaniel McGuire, \n\n\nJohn Mack, \nPatrick McKeen, \nJames McKenny, \nJoseph McKenny, \nJohn McLeary, \nDavid McLeary, \nJohn McMullen, \nThomas McMullen, \nJohn Madden, \nDaniel Mahon, \nJames Mallone, \nJohn Manning, \nRobert Manning, \nSamuel Manning, \nThomas Manning, \nTimothy Manning, \nWilliam Manning, \nBenjamin Maxy, \nJames Magoone, \nJohn Mehoney, \nDaniel Mullikin, \nEbenezer Mullikin, \nJohn Murphy, \nPatrick Newjent, \nPatrick O'Brien, \nRichard O'Brien, \nDaniel Shay, \nJohn Shea, \nEdward Tappan, \nMichael Tappan, \nJohn Walsh, \nJoseph Walsh, \nBenjamin Welsh, \nEdward Welsh, \nJohn Welsh, \nJoseph Welsh, \nSamuel Welsh, \nThomas Welsh, \nWalter Welsh, \nWilliam Welsh. \n\n\n88 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nII.— Bunker Hill. \n\nWar alone could subdue the angry passions engendered by the \nfight at Lexington. English power needed more humble subjects, \nand the colonists had decided not only to avenge their injuries, but \nto fight for absolute freedom. The expedition to Lexington and \nConcord was the last the English soldiers made from Boston into the \ninterior of the colony. \n\nThe commands of Colonel Smith and Major Pitcairn finally \neluded destruction at the hands of the sharpshooters, who had made \ntheir return to camp a trail of blood. They were destined in a few \nmonths to be compelled to move again, and to be kept moving until \nthey finally departed from the country forever. Lexington had \ncured British conceit. Bunker Hill Would amaze and alarm them. \nFarmers whom recklessness had driven into revolt acquired the art \nand science of war as if by intuition ; and the fearlessness, stability, \nand discipline of veterans came to them as the need for it grew. \nThey proclaimed rebellion, and cooped the ruling power of the whole \ncolony within the narrow confines of the city. The patriots hovered \nabout, zealous to drive them into the sea. They taunted General \nGage. They harassed him by small raids and seizures of supplies. \nThey knew that he had been reenforced by Howe, Burgoyne, and \nClinton, and by thousands of recruits. They were not terrified by \nthe odds against them. They waited a month for the great generals \nto come out and crush them, and then, evidently tired of waiting, \nthey started in to crush the great generals. \n\nWhen the sun rose on the morning of June 17, 1775, the inhab- \nitants of the town of Boston saw a wonderful sight. There were \nbreastworks on the top of \" Breed's Hill,\" * manned by New England \nyeomen. It was a challenge to battle which could not be disre- \ngarded. The English did succeed in driving the brave fellows from \ntheir works, but that victory only lent new lustre to the American arms. \nThe soldiers who had planted St. George's cross on many heights in \n\n1 Historically known as Bunker Hill. \n\n\nTHE IRISH SOLDIER. . 89 \n\nthe face of a desperate foe, who had made it respected the world \nover, found behind those humble breastworks an untrained militia \nthat had the grit to withstand their best generals, and that hurled \nthem back again and again. The fight of Bunker Hill made the \nreputation of the Continental troops, and inspired a confidence that \nnever forsook them. \n\nThere were many on that famous height who had their first \nopportunity then to strike a blow for liberty, and another in revenge \nfor the dreadful oppression of their forefathers in Ireland. The first \nspadeful of earth on Breed's Hill was turned just before midnight \non the night of the i6th of June, 1775. There were one thousand \nmen at the work, under command of Col. William Prescott, of \nPepperell, Mass. They worked all through the night under the veil \nof darkness. When the sun lit up their works to the astonished \nBritish on the morning of June 17, they greeted the sight with a \nfierce cannonade from the war-ship \" Lively,\" which was anchored \noff what is now the Navy Yard. Tired and hungry, the patriots \nworked on, exposed to that fire, awaiting reinforcements calmly, \ndetermined to defend those works with the last drop of blood. \n\nThrough General Ward's doubt of what the English generals \nwould do, he delayed sending reinforcements to Breed's Hill. He \nfeared to weaken his force in Cambridge, for the English might \nmake that the point of attack rather than the breastwork on the hill. \nThis doubt could not restrain the brave men of his army. They saw \ntheir countrymen under the fire of the English war-ships, and groups \nof them, all the morning long, crossed the neck, and entered the \nredoubt. They sought only a place in the fight, without regard to \nthe commands in which they served. Such were Generals Warren \nand Pomeroy. When General Ward became satisfied that the \nEnglish would undertake to dislodge the patriots, reinforcements \nwere immediately ordered over. They came across the neck, which \nwas made a perfect death-hole by the concentrated fire of the \nEnglish guns. \n\nAmong them was the regiment of Col. John Stark, an Irish- \nAmerican, whose bravery and devotion had put him at the head of \n\n\n90 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nhis New Hampshire troops, and afterwards made him one of the \nmost famous commanders of the Revolution. His career in the \ncause of liberty is full of that dash and spirit which crowds the rec- \nord of the late General Sheridan. Mr. Bagenal, in a book on the \nAmerican Irish, published a few years ago in New York, says of \nColonel Stark : \" He was the son of an Irish farmer of New \nHampshire. He inherited a good fund of mother-wit, and a brogue \nas mellifluous as if he was born and reared on the banks of the \nInchigeelah, in the County Cork.\" A number of the men in his \nregiment came from Londonderry and Derryfield (now Manchester), \nboth in New Hampshire, and both settled by emigrants from Ireland. \nHe had the love, not of his own troops only, but of the whole army. \nHe was hardy, independent, and brave, — a fit associate for the \nfearless Putnam, the energetic Pomeroy, and the veterans Prescott \nand Ward. \n\nThe character of Colonel Stark may be shown by an incident at \nthe^ crossing of the neck. From one till half-past three o'clock on \nthat bloody afternoon, the Americans continued to cross. They \nwere enfiladed by a galling fire from the ships and batteries. When \nColonel Stark arrived, about two o'clock, it seemed a perfect hell of \nhissing shot and fire. Captain Dearborn, who was by his side, \nsuggested to him the expediency of quickening his steps across ; but \nStark replied, \" One fresh man in action is worth ten fatigued ones,\" \nand, with the same deliberation, he continued his march. When he \narrived at the fortifications, the English troops had already landed \non the beach. He made one of his fiery addresses to his men, \npointed out their red-coated foes, and then led them to the rail-fence. \nThis fence had just previously been manned by Captain Knowlton, \nby orders of Colonel Prescott, to prevent the English from flanking \nthe Americans. It was near the base of Bunker Hill, six hundred \nfeet in the rear of the redoubt ; one-half of it was stone, with two \nrails of wood. A little distance in front of this rail was another \nparallel line of fence, and the space between the fences was filled \nwith newly cut grass. There Stark and his brave Paddies fought for \nhours. It was a strategic point, and General Howe, in person, led \n\n\nTHE IRISH SOLDIER. 91 \n\nthe attack upon it. The English generals and soldiers underrated \ntheir opponents. That they would drive them from the redoubt was \nnever questioned. They had only to move, and the Yankees would \nrun. It was a trying time for the brave bands of men who were \nwaiting for the attack, ignorant yet of the power of their own stern \npurpose. Charlestown was blazing ; shots from ships and batteries \nwere hissing around them ; many had never been in battle before ; \nvery many had worked all night long, and were almost ready to sink \nto the ground with exhaustion. Twice they hurled back from their \ndefences the flower of the English army, and when they did retire, \nit was when their powder had given out, and they were overwhelmed \nby the superior force of their foes. \n\nAt the rail-fence they successfully resisted every attempt to \nturn their flank. Stark's men, like most of the other patriots, were \nmarksmen. They used the rails of the fence to rest their flintlocks. \nThey were intent on cutting down the British officers. When one \nwas in sight, — that is, when they \" could see the white of his eye,\" \n— they exclaimed, \" There, see that officer ! Let's have a shot at \nhim ! \" and two or three would fire at the same moment. They cut \nup the companies with terrible severity, and so great was the car- \nnage that the English columns, a few moments before so proud and \nfirm, were disconcerted and broken to pieces. Colonel Stark was \neverywhere among his men ; he led their cheers when their foes fell \nback, and was among the last to leave the works. Near him was a \ncompany of Charlestown volunteers, a portion of Colonel Gardner's \nregiment from Middlesex, under Capt. Joseph Harris. Their hearts \nwere filled with a wilder hate, for they could see their homes blazing, \nand they thought of the dear ones left behind. They fought fiercely, \nnever for a moment thinking of giving ground. Colonel Swett says \nof this company, \" They were fighting at their own doors, on their \nown natal soil. They stood like the Greeks of Thermopylae, and \nthey kept the pass till the enemy had discovered another.\" \n\nOne of the bravest men of Colonel Stark's command was his \nmajor, Andrew McClary, an Irishman, nearly six and one-half feet \nin height, and of athletic frame. During the action he, like his \n\n\n92 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\ncolonel, fought among his men with great bravery. After the action \nhe rode to Medford to procure bandages for the wounded, and on \nhis return went with a few of his comrades to reconnoitre the British, \nthen on Bunker Hill. As he was on his way to rejoin his men, a \nshot from a frigate lying where Craigie's Bridge now is, passed through \nhis body. He leaped a few feet from the ground, pitched forward, \nand fell on his face dead. \n\nIn 1781 a poem on the battle was published, bearing the signa- \nture of John Boyle, the well-known bookseller of Boston. His Irish \nname adds significance to his words. The following is an extract: — \n\n\" Again the conflict glows with rage severe, \nAnd fearless ranks in Combat mixt appear. \nVictory uncertain ! fierce contention reigns, \nAnd purple rivers drench the slippery plains. \nColumn to column, host to host oppose, \nAnd rush impetuous on their adverse foes. \nWhen, lo ! the hero Warren from afar \nSought for the battle and the field of war.\" \n\nMany other Irish names shared the renown of this combat. \nLaurence Sullivan and John Dillon were among the dead upon the \nfield ; Daniel McGrath was taken prisoner, and died in captivity. \n\nThe following names are found among those on the rolls of \nBunker Hill, as given in the Massachusetts Archives : — \n\nad-Lieut. Chas. Dougherty, Richard Burk, John Bryan, \n\nCapt. Samuel Dunn, Michael Berry, Arthur Collamore, \n\nCol. John Patterson, William Burk, Samuel Carr, \n\nEbenezer Sullivan, Josiah Burk, John Collins, \n\nLieut. Joseph Welsh, Edward Burk, Edward Connor, \n\nJohn Burk, Thomas Burn, David Collins, \n\nJohn Barry, John Bogan, Peter Collins, \n\nJoseph Barry, William Bogan, Daniel Collins, \n\nWait Burk, James Barry, Sergt. Hugh Cargill, \n\nTilly Burk, Joseph Burne, Col. John Nixon. \n\n\nTHE IRISH SOLDIER. \n\n\n93 \n\n\nWilliam Conner, \nJohn Cronyn, \nJohn Connor, \nDavid Connor, \nIsaac Collins, \nStephen Collins, \nAaron Carey, \nDemerel Collins, \nJohn Coy, \n\nLieut. Daniel Collins, \nDaniel Callahan, \nJoseph Cavenaugh, \nRobert Callaghan, \nLemuel Collins, \nJosiah Cummings, \nCharles Casity, \nAmbrose Collins, \nDavid Coye, \nRichard Collins, \nHenry Collins, \nJohn Cummings, \nJames Conner, \nJohn Collins, \nArthur Carey, \nAmbrose Craggin, \nJoshua Carey, \nJosiah Carey, \nEdward Casey, \nJesse Gary, \nMichael Clary, \nJeremiah Cady, \nJeremiah Collins, \nEbenezer Craggen, \nSamuel Craggen, \nJohn Coner, \nDaniel Carmical, \nJohn Carrel, \nCaleb Comings, \nJohn Calahan, \nSolomon Collins, \nEdward Conner, \nLuther Carey, \n\n\nDaniel Collins, \nWilliam Carrall, \nJames Carrall, \nCaleb Carey, \nWilliam Casey, \nLaurence Carrol, \nJohn Connelly, \nDaniel Collins, \nTimothy Carny, \nPatrick Connelly, \nFrancis Crowley, \nJohn Cummings, \nCharles Doroughty, \nJohn Dougarty, \nElijah Doyle, \nWilliam Dougherty, \nThomas Dougherty, \nLieut. Charles Dougherty, \nWilliam Dun, \nWilliam Dunn, \nJohn Dougherty, \nJohn Dun, \nJames Dunn, \nJames Dounell, \nJotham Donnel, \nThomas Doyl, \nPatrick Doyle, \nEdwark Finiken, \nJohn Flyn, \nJohn Foye, \nThomas Finn, \nEdward Fogerty, \nDavid Fling, \nJames Fitzgerald, \nJohn Foy, \nJacob Flyn, \nJohn Fitchjeril, \nKendel Farley, \nThomas Gleason, \nDaniel Griffin, \nJoseph Griffin, \nNathaniel Griffin, \n\n\nMathew Gilligan, \nJohn Gleason, \nWilliam Gilman, \nWilliam Gilmore, \nJoseph Griffin, \nRichard Gilpatrick, \nJoshua Gilpatrick, \nJames Gilpatrick, \nJohn Gilmor, \nJoseph Griffin, \nJoseph Gleason, \nDaniel Lomasney, \nWilliam Linnehan, \nDaniel Leary, \nCapt. Timothy Carey, \nJohn Laughton, \nCapt. Michael Gleason, \nBartholomew Lynch, \nJames Milliken, \nJoseph Manning, \nPeter Martin, \nHugh McCarthy, \nCapt. Nathaniel Healy, \nJames McGraw, \nWilliam M'Cleary, \nRichard Murphy, \nEdward Madden, \nMichael McDonald, \nDaniel Murphy, \nDavid McCleary, \nJames McConner, \nMorris M'Cleary, \nJohn Manning, \nWilliam McClure, \nRobert McCormick, \nJohn McDonald, \nJohn McLarty, \nDaniel Moore, \nWilliam Murphy, \nDaniel Maley, \nHugh Morrison, \nJohn Meacham, \n\n\n94 \n\n\nTHE IRISH Iff BOSTON. \n\n\nJohn McCartney, \nJohn McCoy, \nThomas Mclaughlin, \nThomas McCullough, \nGeorge McCleary, \nRobert McCleary, \nDaniel Maguire, \nJohn Morrison, \nIsrael Murphy, \nPierce Murphy, \nPeter McGee, \nTerrance McMahon, \nJames McCormich, \nDaniel McNamara, \nThomas Mahoney, \nWilliam Murphy, \nDaniel Morrison, \nJohn McDonald, \nJoseph McDonnell, \nJoseph McLallin, \nWilliam McKenney, \nJames Milliken, \nJohn McCullough, \nJohn McGrath, \nJohn McGuire, \nJohn Mitchell, \nJames MTadden, \nJohn Madden, \nMichael Minihan, \nLawrence McLaughlin, \nDavid McElroy, \nWilliam McCleary, \nJames McCoy, \nEdward Manning, \n\n\nJames McCullough, \nDaniel McCarty, \nPeter Martin, \nPatrick Mahoney, \nEben Sullivan, \nJohn Noonan, \nJohn O'Conner, \nDennis O'Brien, \nCapt. Jeremiah Gilman, \nBryant Ryan, \nCornelius Ryan, \nJohn Ryan, \nThomas Ryan, \nMartin Rourke, \nDennis Ryan, \nDaniel Rioden, \nJohn Rogers, \nJames Ryan, \nJohn Roach, \nTimothy Roach, \nCapt. Daniel Gallusha, \nCapt. John Ford, \nJames Ryan, \nThomas Roach, \nJames Richey, \nFred Roach, \nJohn Rannor, \nJohn Rickey, \nAugustus Ryan, \nOliver Sullivan, \nPatrick Shea, \nRichard Shea, \nMichael Stewart, \nJohn Shield, \n\n\nJohn Savage, _, \nJeremiah Scanlan, \nJohn Sullivan, \nTimothy Sullivan, \nRobert Steel, \nJohn Shanahan, \nJames Shay, \nPatrick Scandalin, \nThomas Savage, \nEbenezer Sullivan, \nDaniel Shay, \nJohn Shay, \nPatrick Tracey, \nThomas Tobin, \nMathew Tobin, \nMathias Welch, \nBenjamin Welch, \nJohn Welch, \nWilliam Welsh, \nPeter Welch, \nJames Welch, \nJames Wall, \nJonas Welch, \nSilas Welch, \nJohn Wolley, \nJoseph Welch, \nWalter Welch, \nIsaac Welch, \nRichard Welch, \nJohn Welch, \nWilliam Welch, \nEdmund Welch, \nJoseph Welch, \nWilliam Welch. \n\n\nIII. — The Siege of Boston. \n\nAfter the battle of Bunker Hill the Americans settled down to \ndrive the English out of Boston. The town was surrounded and \nplaced in a state of siege. The battle of Bunker Hill had inspired \n\n\nTHE IRISH SOLDIER. 95 \n\nthe whole country, and daily reinforcements came from the other \ncolonies to join the men of New England. Washington came from \nVirginia and made an army out of what had been merely armed \nbands. At the head of one of his brigades, in which was Stark's \nregiment, he placed Gen. John Sullivan. \n\nMany of the settlements along the South Atlantic coast had been \nmade by emigrants from Ireland, and those settlements sent forth \ntheir men as patriotically as Puritan New England. The reports of \nthe fight of that June day had not ceased to travel when Daniel \nMorgan, the son of a County Derry man, marched into Cambridge \nat the head of five hundred sharpshooters. These men were dressed \nin buckskin uniforms, and their unerring aim became a terror to the \nEnglish. \n\nThe American army wanted artillery to enforce the siege. \nUnder date of Dec. 17, 1775, Washington received from Col. Henry \nKnox, who had been sent on a mission to Ethan Allen, at Crown \nPoint, Ticonderoga, a letter, saying, \" I hope in sixteen or seventeen \ndays to present to your Excellency a noble train of artillery, the \ninventory of which I have enclosed.\" Colonel Knox kept his word. \nWith an enterprise and perseverance that elicited the warmest com- \nmendations, he brought, over frozen lakes and almost impassable \nsnows, more than fifty cannon, mortars, and howitzers. With this \ntrain Washington was enabled to strengthen his position, and to \nmake a* more decisive move against the enemy. Colonel Knox \nwas of a family that originally came from near Belfast. His career \nwas a brilliant one. He commanded the artillery corps, and the \neffective work of his guns at Trenton, Princeton, Germantown, and \nMonmouth made him distinguished among the American generals. \nHe was born in Boston, July 25, 1750. His wife was the daughter \nof a British official. She forsook her relatives, however, and ac- \ncompanied him in his flight, concealing on her person the sword \nwhich he used at Bunker Hill. Washington made him a major- \ngeneral after the surrender of Cornwallis. From 1785 to 1794 he \nwas Secretary of War. He died in 1806. \n\n\n96 THE IRISH fJV £ OS TOM \n\nGen. William Sullivan has left the following reminiscence of \nour dashing artilleryman : — \n\n\" Generals Knox, Lincoln, and Jackson had been companions in \nthe Revolution, — had laughed, eaten and drunk, fought and lived \ntogether, and were on the most intimate terms. They loved each \nother to a degree but little known among the men of the present \nday. After the struggle of the war they retired to their homes, and \nwere all comfortable in their worldly circumstances, if not rich ; but \nKnox possessed large tracts of land in the State of Maine, upon the \nrapid sales of which he confidently relied ; imagined himself more \nwealthy than he was ; and lived in luxurious style. He built himself \na superb mansion at Thomaston, Me., where all his friends met with \na cordial welcome and enjoyed the most liberal hospitality. It was \nnot an unusual thing for Knox to kill, in summer, when great num- \nbers of friends visited him, an ox and twenty sheep on every \nMonday morning, and to make up one hundred beds daily in his \nhouse. He kept for his own use and that of his friends twenty \nsaddle-horses and several carriages in his stables. This expensive \nstyle of living was too much for his means, as he was disappointed \nin the sale of his lands, and he was forced to borrow sums of money \non the credit of his friends, Generals Lincoln and Jackson. He soon \nfound himself involved to a large amount, and was obliged to acquaint \nhis friends of the embarrassments into which he had unfortunately \ndrawn them. Lincoln was at that time Collector of the port of \nBoston, and occupied a house in State street, now torn down, part \nof which he used for the Custom House and part he occupied as \nhis dwelling. It was agreed that the three should meet there, and a \nfull exposition of Knox's affairs be made known. I was applied to \nas counsel on the occasion, and was the first one who came at the \ntime appointed. Jackson soon entered ; after him, Knox ; and \nalmost immediately Lincoln came in. They seated .themselves in a \nsemicircle, whilst I took my place at the table for the purpose of \ndrawing up the necessary papers and taking the notes of this melan- \ncholy disclosure. These men had often met before, but never in a \nmoment of such sorrow. Both Lincoln and Jackson knew and felt \n\n\nTHE IRISH SOLDIER. 97 \n\nthat Knox, the kindest heart in the world, had unwittingly involved \nthem. They were all too full to speak, and maintained for some \nminutes a sorrowful silence. At last, as if moved by the same im- \npulse, they raised their eyes. Their glances met, and Knox burst \ninto tears. Soon, however, Lincoln rose, brushed a tear from his \neye, and exclaimed, ' Gentlemen, this will never do ! We come hither \nto transact business ; let us attend to it.' This aroused the others, \nand Knox made a full disclosure of his affairs. Although Lincoln \nand Jackson suffered severe losses, it never disturbed the feelings of \nfriendship and intimacy which had existed between these generous- \nhearted men.\"1 Such thoughtless extravagance is one of the well- \nknown characteristics of our race, and was especially noticeable in \nIrish society of the eighteenth century. Extravagance ran riot, and \nexcess in hospitality was the principal virtue of the host. \"Nine \ngentlemen in ten in Ireland are impoverished by the great quantity \nof claret which, from mistaken notions of hospitality and dignity, \nthey think it necessary should be drunk in their houses.\" It is \nnatural that traces of this tendency should occasionally appear \namong the Irish in America. \n\nAnother distinguished officer of those gathered about Washing- \nton during the siege of Boston was Stephen Moylan, colonel of \nMoylan's dragoons. He was born in Cork, and was the brother of \nthe Roman Catholic bishop of that city. From the American camp \nin January, 1 776, he writes : \" Everything thaws here except old \nPut. He is still as hard as ever crying out for powder — powder — \nye gods, give us powder ! \" Moylan street at the Highlands obscurely \nkeeps his memory among us. \n\nGeneral Sullivan was the son of John Sullivan, the emigrant, who \nsettled in Maine in 1730. He was born in Berwick, Me., in 1741 ; \nat the outset of the war he at once rose into prominence. The fortifi- \ncations on Ploughed Hill, upon which afterwards the Benedictine con- \nvent stood, that was burnt in 1837, were his work. He commanded \nwith distinction at Germantown and Brandywine, finally retiring from \n\n'William Sullivan's \"Public Men of the Revolution.\" \n\n\n98 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nthe army on account of disabilities. Afterwards he was a member \nof Congress, and was made a judge in New Hampshire. He died in \n1795. Sullivan, Morgan, Knox, Stark, and Moylan were instant in \nwell-doing during the entire eight months of the siege, until Howe with \nhis troops and his toadies was driven from the town. The evacuation \noccurred on St. Patrick's day, 1776. Gen. John Sullivan was made \nofficer of the day, and it is said that the countersign, authorized by \nWashington's order, was \" St. Patrick.\" Thus, on the most eventful \nday in the history of our city did the Commander-in-Chief of the \nAmerican army pay a graceful compliment to the Irish people. \n\nWe hear of Irish Tories that showed their heads from time to \ntime during the siege. Thus \"Draper's Gazette,\" Sept. 21, 1775, \nhad the following : — \n\nTuesday a snow arrived from Cork laden with Claret, pork, and butter. She \nbrings advices of great armaments fitting out in England which may be expected \nhere in the course of next month. A brigade of Irish Roman Catholics is forming \nin Munster and Connaught in order to be sent to Boston to act against the rebels. \n\nWhether the editor of the \" Gazette \" had positive information \nwhen he wrote as above, or whether his intention was to furnish un- \npleasant news for the \" rebels \" to read, has never been ascertained. \nIt is known, however, that neither the great armament nor the Roman \nCatholic brigade ever arrived in Boston. In fact, the English gov- \nernment found the greatest difficulties in enlisting Irishmen to fight \nagainst the Americans. The sympathies of the Irish people were \nwith the cause. Arthur Lee, among others, vouches for this. In \na letter written to General Washington he said : — \n\nThe resources of the country — that is to say, England — are almost annihilated \nin Germany, and their last resource is to the Roman Catholics of Ireland ; and they \nhave already experienced their unwillingness to go, every man of a regiment raised \nthere last year having obliged them to ship him off tied and bound. And most \ncertainly the Irish Catholics will desert more than any other troops whatever. \n\nAgain, we are told that General Howe, in an order issued \nDec. 7, 1775, said: \"Some Irish merchants residing in town, with \n\n\nTHE IRISH SOLDIER. 99 \n\ntheir adherents, having offered their services for the defence of \nthe place, they have armed and formed into a company called the \nLoyal Irish Volunteers, and distinguished by a white cockade.\" \nJames Forrest was appointed captain of this company, and the duty \nof its members was to mount guard every evening. Forrest was a \nmember of the Charitable Irish Society, and in 1772 and 1773 he \nwas \" keeper of the silver key.\" \n\nAmong the most notorious characters of the time was an \nIrishman by the name of Crean Brush. He was a scoundrel, \napparently without a single redeeming quality. His career, as \nfound in history, is the career of a thief and most mercenary vil- \nlain. He seemed to have great influence with the rulers of the \ntown of Boston. They invested him with extraordinary power, and \nwinked at his crimes. He was a terror to both loyalists and patriots, \nand his thievings amounted to thousands of dollars. He may be \ntraced in Dr. O'Callaghan's Documentary History of New York. He \nwas born in Dublin, trained to the law, and admitted to practice in \nNew York, where he held office under the Provincial Secretary. He \nappears as a violent actor in the controversies and hostilities between \nthe authorities of New York and the settlers in the so-called \n\"Hampshire grants\" (now Vermont), who held titles from the \nGovernor of New Hampshire that were disputed by New York. In \nthose controversies the famous Ethan Allen appears conspicuously \nas one of the settlers. His wife was a step-daughter of Crean Brush. \nThe exciting events in Boston had an attraction for the adventurous \nspirit of Brush, and he found his way to the town in the autumn of \n1775. He came highly recommended by the English authorities \nof New York, and jumped into favor immediately with General Gage. \nThe closing-in of the town by the patriots led many Tories to seek \nflight either to England or Canada to await the cessation of hostilities. \nThey had many valuables which they were unable to take with them. \nIn October, 1775, Brush was delegated by Gage to receive such \ngoods for safe-keeping. In the following March he was authorized \nby General Howe to secure all woollen and linen goods, to keep \nthem from the \" rebels.\" General Howe proclaimed : \" If, after this \n\n\n100 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nnotice, any person secretes or keeps in his possession such articles, \nhe will be treated as favoring the rebels.\" General Howe's commission \nto Brush went further. It stated that there was in the town a large \nquantity of goods which, \" in the possession of the rebels, would \nenable them to carry on the war; \" and authorized him to take \npossession of all such goods as answered this description, and put \nthem on board the ship \" Minerva\" and the brigantine \" Elizabeth.\" \nThis was a sweeping permission for Brush to rob, and he immediately \ntook advantage of it. Early in the year 1776 he had secured \npermission from General Howe to raise a body of three hundred \n\" loyal volunteers,\" who were to serve like the corps of Royal \nFencible Americans, already organized. Under cover of his \ncommission, and with the aid of his three hundred loyal brigands, \nhe broke open stores, stripped them of their goods, and carried them \non board the ships. Thieves and cut-throats, seeing him at this \nwork, assumed authority to do likewise, and despoiled all those whom \nBrush permitted to escape while hunting for better prey. On the \nday of the evacuation he put off in the brigantine \" Elizabeth,\" \nwhich was heavily laden with goods valued at one hundred thousand \ndollars at least. He had, however, delayed his departure too long. \nThe fleet was down at the roads when the \" Elizabeth \" was trying \nto get out of the harbor. She was captured and brought back to \nBoston. The goods were confiscated, and Brush was put in the \nBoston jail heavily ironed. He was kept under rigid restrictions \nmarked by merited indignities, though, it would seem, he found \nopportunity for gross intemperance. In 1777 he was joined by his \nwife, who contrived, after he had been in prison more than nineteen \nmonths, to disguise him in her own clothing, so as to enable him, on \nthe night of Nov. 5, 1777, to get out of jail and away to New York. \nHe went afterwards to Vermont, to look after his fifty thousand acres \nof land, which he had seized upon as his share during the land \ncontroversy. He fell into further trouble, and his estate was, for the \nmost part, confiscated. In May, 1778, weighed down by grief and \nremorse, he blew out his brains with a pistol. \n\n\nTHE IRISH SOLDIER.. \n\n\n101 \n\n\nTurning from this Firbolg l to the more deserving of our race, \nwe find in the Continental army besieging Boston the following \nsignificant names : — \n\n\nHenry Adams (enrolled \n\nSolomon Hurley, \n\nMichael Neagles, \n\nas an Irishman), \n\nJohn Kneeland, \n\nJames Neil, \n\nPatrick Brezland, \n\nDavid Kelley, \n\nJohn Noonan, \n\nCharles Briant, \n\nMatthew Casey, \n\nJames Newland. \n\nMichael Bailey, \n\nElijah Kelley, \n\nThomas O'Bryan, \n\nCharles O'Brien, \n\nMichael Kirland, \n\nJohn O'Brian, \n\nWilliam Boyed, \n\nWilliam Kelly, \n\nCharles O'Brian, \n\nRichard Burk, \n\nWilliam Lackey, \n\nGregory O'Brian, \n\nJohn McClary, \n\nPhilip Laraway, \n\nThomas O'Brian, \n\nMaurice Conner, \n\nWm. Love (entered \n\nJohn O'Hara, \n\nCornelius Corbitt, \n\nfrom Ireland), \n\nJohn Ray, \n\nJohn Conway, \n\nRobt. Morrison, \n\nJames Riley, \n\nRichard Colbert, \n\nDaniel McCarty, \n\nMichael Rockford, \n\nWilliam Connelly, \n\nDominick Murray, \n\nThomas Riley, \n\nTimothy Dwyer, \n\nHugh McKowen, \n\nThomas Sharidan, \n\nDaniel Driskill, \n\nJohn Mitchell, \n\nMaurice Shehay, \n\nJohn Dorin, \n\nWm. Murphy, \n\nEdmund Sculley, \n\nWm. Doyle, \n\nJohn McDonald, \n\nJeremiah Shea, \n\nMichael Edwards, \n\nJohn McGee, \n\nWilliam Sullivan, \n\nThomas Eagin, \n\nJeremiah Mahoney, \n\nElijah T. Tinvey, \n\nJohn Flynn, \n\nJohn McClarry, \n\nCornelius Teigh, \n\nThorn. Gurney, \n\nFrancis McNeal, \n\nJames Welsh, \n\nMichael Grant, \n\nJohn Maloney, \n\nSamuel Welsh, \n\nJohn Gillen, \n\nAndrew Meguire, \n\nJames Kennedy, \n\nRobert Hughes, \n\nPhil Mahone, \n\nWilliam Ryan, \n\nWilliam Hurly, \n\nBarney McCormick,' \n\nJohn Welch, \n\nJohn Houlding, \n\nJohn O'Connel, \n\nMorris Welsh, \n\nDennis Hogan, \n\nJames Magee, \n\nBarnabus Ryan, \n\nBartholomew Hurley, \n\nJames Nagle, \n\nSimeon Riley. \n\n1 Every one who is black-haired, who is a tattler, guileful, tale-bearing, noisy, con- \ntemptible; every wretched, mean, strolling, unsteady, harsh, and inhospitable person; every \nslave, every mean thief, every churl, every one who loves not to listen to music and enter- \ntainment, the disturbers of every council and every assembly, and the promoters of discord \namong peopte, — these are the descendants of the Firbolgs in Erinn. — Charles De Kay, in. \nThe Century, January, 1889. \n\n\n102 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nIV. — The War of 1812 and the Mexican War. \n\nThe War of 1812 contains very little that concerns us. It was \nnot popular in the East. The Federal party, that at that time domi- \nnated nearly all the New England States, was opposed to the war. \nWhen the news was received in Massachusetts that President Madi- \nson had declared war on the British, there was intense opposition. \nThe feeling of opposition to the war was especially bitter in Boston. \nBoston people were largely engaged in commerce, and feared the \nprowling war-ships of Great Britain. President Madison and his \nadministration were loudly denounced. The Federalists charged that \nthe war was simply a political move to retain the Democracy in \npower. The English spirit seemed to have revived with new strength \namong the Eastern traders. They refused assistance to the general \ngovernment, and did nothing whatever to promote the success of the \nwar. \n\nProbably it was on the war issue that the Democracy of the State \nswung into power, for in 1812 their candidate for governor was elected. \nBoth branches of the Legislature were also Democratic. Gover- \nnor Gerry openly accused the Federal party \" of being anti-repub- \nlican in its principles, and opposed to the measures of the general \ngovernment. Are we not called upon,\" said he, \" to decide whether \nwe will commit the liberty and independence of ourselves and pos- \nterity to the fidelity and protection of a national administration, at \nthe head of which is a Madison, supported by an Executive Depart- \nment, a Senate and House of Representatives abounding with Revolu- \ntionary and other meritorious patriots, or to a British administration, \nthe disciples of Bute, who was the author of a plan to enslave these \nStates, and to American royalists who cooperated with that govern- \nment to bind us in chains while colonists? Is it not morally and \npolitically impossible that a doubt can exist in regard to the choice ? \" \n\nThe Federalists succeeded in electing Caleb Stro'ng as Governor \nGerry's successor. Boston was the seat of discontent and turbulence. \nPublic passion was inflamed ; and from the moment war was declared, \n\n\nHENRY A. McGLENEN. \n\n\nTHE IRISH SOLDTER. 103 \n\nBoston clamored for peace and reprobated the war as wicked and \nunjust. \n\nThe State Senate was Democratic, while the House was controlled \nby the Federalists. The House issued an address containing these \nwords : \" If your sons must be torn from you by conscription, con- \nsign them to the care of God, but let there be no volunteers except \nfor defensive war.\" \n\nThe address issued by the Senate contained the following : \" Let \nyour young men who compose the militia be ready to march at a \nmoment's warning to any part of our shores in defence of our coast.\" \n\nNotwithstanding the English spirit which seemed to dominate \nthe majority of Massachusetts citizens, and which led to acts border- \ning on secession, there were still several companies raised in the State \nfor its defence. The records of these companies are in the archives \nat Washington, and consequently not available for this work. There \nwere the New England Guards, the Rangers, and the Boston and \nCharlestown Sea Fencibles, all Boston companies, and containing on \ntheir rolls many Irish names. \n\nNew England was opposed to the Mexican War also. The Whig \nparty of Massachusetts deemed it a war to extend the Southern slave \npower, and were inclined to refuse all assistance to it. The third \nparty, which was destined to supplant the Whig party, and which was \nto be known as the Republican, was at that time making itself felt, \nand its members were unalterably opposed to the war. At the \nrequest of the Secretary of War, Governor Briggs called upon the \ncitizen soldiery to enlist. This was in May, 1846, and in November \nof the same year a regiment was raised, with Caleb Gushing of New- \nburyport as colonel, Isaac H. Wright of Roxbury, lieutenant-colonel, \nand Edward W. Abbott of Andover as major. It is understood that \nthis regiment never went into action in whole or in part. They \nleft Boston in February, 1847; and June 21, 1848, they departed \nfrom Vera Cruz for home. The rolls of this regiment, preserved in \nthe Adjutant-General's office, show that at least two-fifths of the en- \nlisted men in the regiment were Irish-Americans, among them being \nHenry A. McGlenen, the popular manager of the Boston Theatre. \n\n\n104 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nV. — The War of Secession. \n\nEVERY regiment in the Army of the North had in it soldiers \nwho were Irishmen or Irishmen's sons. A mere list of these soldiers \nwould make a volume of this size. They were not confined to \nthe ranks. They furnished types of heroism in the navy, as well \nao in the army, and in all grades, even to the highest. The daring \nand romantic figure of Sheridan, unique in our history, is a fitting \ncrown to the valor of Irishmen everywhere. They have fought on \nevery field but Ireland's successfully; and the culmination of their \nlabors is the salvation of the American Union. \n\nAs for Massachusetts, the army rolls at the adjutant-general's \noffice in Boston furnish a striking revelation. Two of the regiments \nwere so distinctively Irish that the State permitted them to carry the \nflag of their mother-country. Thus it was that the \"sunburst\" \nfloated in companionship with the stars and stripes above the bay- \nonets of the famous Ninth Massachusetts Volunteers and the equally \nfamous Twenty-eighth, the \" Faugh-a-Ballaughs.\" Other regiments \nfrom the State might also have carried the green flag so far as the na- \ntionality of their membership was concerned. These long lists of \nbrave men suggest to the imagination pictures of the martial possi- \nbilities of the Irish people. The thought comes of having them mar- \nshalled in one grand host. They would not lack for leaders. Sheridan \nfirst, and about him Shields, Meagher, Kearny, and the rest, would \n-make the blows of such an army effective and lasting. \n\nThe two Irish regiments mentioned above are always referred to \nwith high commendation in all the reports made to the adjutant-gen- \neral during the four years of the war.1 Their record is as clear as \nthe work of brave men can make it. No regiment should have a \nwarmer place in the hearts of the citizens of Boston than the Ninth, \nfor no regiment came closer to her people. Officers and men, the \ngreat majority of them, were her citizens. \n\n1 \" The Ninth was one of the best regiments that ever left the State.\" — Adjutant- \nGcncraFs Report. \n\n\nPATRICK R. GUINEY. \n\n\nTHE IRISH SOLDIER. \n\n\n105 \n\n\nAmong the first to proffer his services to Governor Andrew at \nthe outbreak of the war was Thomas Cass. His idea was to organize \na regiment of Irishmen, who should be permitted to carry the Irish \nflag, and, with the governor's hearty approval, he perfected such an \norganization. It may be said that Colonel Cass made the regiment's \nrenown. His officers partook of his spirit, his untiring devotion, his \nunfaltering belief in the ultimate triumph of the cause ; so that \nwhen he fell, mortally wounded, in one of the seven days' battles, \nthe regiment's loss was more bereavement than disaster. His mantle \nfell on Colonel Guiney, who proved a- worthy successor. We give \nhere a complete list of the war officers of this regiment. Some are \ngone ; but their children are among us, and not forgotten. \n\n\nv Colonels. \n\nThomas Cass,** \nPatrick R. Guiney. [Bvt. \n\nBrig. Gen.] \n\nLieutenant- Colonels . \nCromwell G. Rowell, \nRobert Peard,*** \nPatrick R. Guiney, \nPatrick T. Hanley. [Bvt. \nColonel.] \n\nMajors. \nRobert Peard, \nPatrick R. Guiney, \nGeorge W. Dutton, \nPatrick T. Hanley, \nJohn W. Mahan. \n\nSurgeons. \nPeter Pinco, \nJames F. Sullivan, \nStephen W. Drew. \n\n\nAssistant Surgeons. \nPatrick A. O'Connell, \nFrancis M. Lincoln, \nJames F. Sullivan, \nHenry H. Fuller, \nJohn Ryan, \nJames W. Fitzpatrick. \n\nChaplains. \n\nFather Thomas Scully, \n.Father Charles L. Egan. \n\nCaptains. \n\nChristopher Plunkett, \nJames E. Gallagher,* \nJohn R. Teague, \nJohn Carey,* \nCharles J. McCarthy, \nJames E. McCafferty,* \nTimothy O'Leary, \nJohn W. Mahan, \nMichael Scanlan, \nJames F. McGunigle, \n\n\nThomas R. Roche, \nTimothy Burke, \nPatrick R. Guiney, \nEdward Fitzgerald, \nJeremiah O'Neil,* \nGeorge W. Dutton, \nPatrick T. Hanley, \nJohn H. Rafferty, \nJohn C. Willey, \nJohn H.Walsh, \nMichael F. O'Hara, \nJohn M. Tobin, \nPatrick W. Black, \nWilliam A. Phelan.f \nMichael A. Finnerty, \nMichael Flynn, \nMartin O'Brien, \nJames W. McNamara.t \nWilliam Madigan.* \n\nFirst Lieutenants. \nGeorge W. Perkins, \nJohn Moran, \n\n\n•liUicd at Gaines's Mills. \nt Killed in the Wilderness. \n\n** Died in Boston of wounds received at Malvern Hill. \n*** Died of disease while in the service. \n\n\n106 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nMichael Scanlan, \nPatrick T. Hanley, \nJohn W. Mahan, \nWUliam W. Doherty, \nMichael H. McNamara, \nTimothy O'Leary, \nJohn M. Tobin, \nThomas R. Roche, \nJames E. McCafferty, \nJames F. McGunigle, \nJohn H. Walsh, \nWilliam Strachan, \nPatrick Walsh, \nPhilip E. Redmond, \nJohn C. Willey, \nEdward McSweeney.J \nJohn H. Rafferty.J \nThomas Mooney, \nWilliam Burke, \nMichael Phalan, \nMichael F. O'Hara, \nMichael Flynn, \nWilliam A. Phelan, \nMichael A. Finnerty, \nMatthew Dacey, \nNicholas C. Flaherty.f \nJohn W. McNamara, \nPatrick E. Murphy, \nRobert A. Miller, \n\n\nRichard P. Nugent,* \nTimothy Dacey, \nJoseph Murphy, \nMichael F. O'Hara, \nPatrick W. Black, \nJohn Doherty, \nDaniel G. Macnamara, \nArchibald Simpson, f \nWilliam B. Maloney, \nMartin O'Brien, \nChristopher Plunkett, \nBernard F. Finan, \nJohn F. Doherty, \nJames O'Donnell, \nWilliam R. Burke. \n\nSecond Lieutenants. \nPatrick Walsh, \nJohn H. Rafferty, \nEdward McSweeney, \nJohn H. Walsh, \nPhilip E. Redmond.ftt \nTimothy Burke, \nJohn C. Willey, \nPatrick W. Black, \nEdward Fennottie, \nMichael Flynn, \nMatthew Dacey, \nJohn Doherty, \n\n\nWilliam B. Mahoney, \nMartin O'Brien, \nTimothy Dacey, \nPatrick E. Murphy, \nCharles B. McGinnisken.-f \nChristopher Plunkett, \nHugh McGunnigle, \nArchibald Simpson, \nR. P. Nugent, \nTimothy F. Lee, \nMichael Phalan, \nMichael C. Flaherty, \nMichael A. Finnerty, \nFrancis O'Dowd,* \nWilliam A. Phelan, \nRobert A. Miller, \nBernard F. Finan, \nJohn F. Doherty, \nDaniel G. Macnamara, \nWilliam J. Blood, \nJames W. McNamara, \nWilliam R. Burke, \nJames O'Donnell, \nWilliam A. Plunkett, \nJoseph Murphy, \nFrank McLalor, \nPhilip Redmond, \nJames O'Neill.f \n\n\nThe Twenty-eighth was mustered in on Jan. u, 1862, at Camp \nCameron, near Boston. They first smelt powder at James's Island, \nJune I and 2, in an effort to take Fort Johnson, which was \nsuccessfully resisted. We give here a list of their war officers, and \nwe shall leave further mention of their record till they join the Army \nof the Potomac, Aug. 16, 1862. Thus our history of the two \nregiments will be in the main a history of that famous army. \n\n* Killed at Gaines's Mill, \nt Killed in the Wilderness. \n} Killed at Malvern Hill. \n* tf Died in hospital at Washington, D.C. \n\n\nTHE IRISH SOLDIER. \n\n\n107 \n\n\nColonels. \n\nWilliam Monteith, \nRichard Byrnes,**** \nGeorge W. Cartwright. \n\nLieutenant- Colonels . \nMaclehan Moore, \nJeremiah W. Coveney, \nGeorge W. Cartwright, \nJames Fleming.fft \n\nMajors. \n\nAndrew P. Caraher, \nAndrew J. Lawler.** \n\nSurgeon. \nPatrick A. O'Connell. \n\nChaplains. \n\nFather Nicholas O'Brien, \nFather Lawrence S. Mc- \nMahon. \n\nCaptains. \n\nAndrew P. Caraber, \nLawrence P. Barrett, \nCharles P. Smith,* \nAndrew J. Lawler, \nJohn H. Brennan, \nSamuel Moore, \nJohn A. McDonald, \nJohn Riley, \nPatrick Nolan,*** \nAlexander Blaney, \n\n\nGeorge F. McDonald, \nMichael Kiley, \nMartin Binney, \nPatrick W. Black, \nJohn Miles, \nPatrick Mclntyre,*** \nJohn Conners,fff \nPatrick H. Bird. \n\nFirst Lieutenants. \nCharles H. Sanborn, \nHumphrey Sullivan, \nJohn J. Cooley, \nHugh P. Boyle,*** \nJames Magee, \nJames McArdle, \nJames O'Keefe, \nBenjamin F. Bartlett, \nWilliam Mitchell, \nMoses J. Emery, \nJames Magner,** \nAddison A. Hosmer, \nJohn Ahern, \nWilliam J. Lemoyne, \nJeremiah W. Coveney, \nMichael Keiley, \nEdward F. O'Brien, \nLeonard Harvey, \nMartin Binney, \nWalter J. Morgan, \nPatrick W. Black, \nJohn Miles, \nJohn Conners, \nM. Quilty, \n\n\nJohn Miner, \nPatrick H. Bird, \nPatrick Mclntyre, \nJohn Maher, \nJohn Knight, \nMichael E. Pouderly, \nThomas J. Parker.fft \nThomas Cook. \n\nSecond Lieutenants. \nJames B. West,**** \nJeremiah W. Coveney, \nJosiah F. Kennison, \nJohn Ahern, \nFlorence J. Buckley, \nJames A. Mclntyre,* \nNicholas J. Barrett.f \nWilliam H. Flynn,***** \nJ. Howard Tannant, \nTheophilus F. Page, \nEdwin J. Weller,ft \nJohn B. Noyes, \nWilliam F. Cochrane,** \nWalter S. Bailey, \nJohn Sullivan, ff \nJacob Nebrich, \nPatrick W. Black, \nCornelius McCarty, \nThomas Cook, \nJohn McGlinn, \nWilliam McCarty, \nAlexander Barrett,***** \nDavid Hogan. \n\n\nIt was in April, 1 86 1, that the Ninth Regiment was organized \nand encamped on Long Island. On June 29 Colonel Cass led them \nto Washington. Two days after the disaster at Bull Run they joined \n\n\n« Killed at Wilderness. \n** Killed at Spottsylvania. \n*** Killed at Deep Bottom. \n**** Killed at Cold Harbor. \n\n\n»**** Killed at Chantilly. \nt Killed at Sharpsburg. \nft Killed at Fredericksburg. \ntft Killed at Petersburg. \n\n\n108 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nthe troops posted as the guard of our national capital on Arlington \nHeights, — the scene of the first armed invasion of \"the sacred soil \nof Virginia.\" Washington was then in a state of wholesome terror. \nThe \"powers that be\" had gone into the war with the idea that one \ngood blow would knock the Confederacy down ; but the Confederacy \ncountered unexpectedly at Bull Run, and after that the national \ngovernment was careful to keep its guard up. One good result of \nthis defeat was the creation of the great Army of the Potomac,1 with \nGen. George B. McClellan, then but thirty-five years of age, as its \ncommander. The Ninth left Arlington Heights to join this famous \narmy, in the early spring of 1862. \n\nWe have nothing to do with the controversy which makes com- \nparison between masterly retreats and brilliant victories ; they both, \nit seems to us, are a necessity to the proper conduct and success \nof a war. In the eyes of his soldiers, or at least of a large majority \nof them, McClellan was the ideal soldier. He was an especial favorite \nof his Irish followers. \n\nIn the peninsular campaign the Ninth bore a beautiful national \nflag, which had been presented to the regiment by the boys of the \nEliot school.2 It may seem hard to understand the dual patriotism \nsymbolized by these two flags. Certain it is that the cry : \" Rally \nround the green flag ! \" nerved this regiment to some of its bravest \ndeeds. It must have been a surprise to the people of Alexandria, \nVa., on that March morning, to see a thousand boys in blue march- \ning to the national tunes of Ireland and flying their Irish flag ; and \na still greater surprise to see that same flag flying at the peak of the \nU.S. Transport \" State of Maine,\" which took the Ninth to Fortress \nMunroe. \n\n'The order for the transportation of McClellan's army was issued on the 2701 of Feb- \nruary, 1862, and four hundred vessek were required; for there were actually transported one \nhundred and twenty-one thousand men, fourteen thousand animals, forty-four batteries, and \nall the necessary ambulances and baggage-wagons, pontoons, and telegraph material. — \nRossiter Johnson ; \" A Short History of the War of Secession.\" ' \n\n* The Eliot school is located at the North End of Boston, in a section of the city which, \nat that time, was largely populated by people of Irish extraction. Many of the friends, rela- \ntives, and parents of the men of the Ninth lived at the North End. The battle-torn remnants \nof this flag now hang in the hall of the school-house on North Bennett street. \n\n\nTHE IRISH SOLDIER. \n\n\n109 \n\n\nThe campaign upon which McClellan now entered was full of \nunforeseen difficulties. The first and greatest was the complete igno- \nrance of the Union army as to the topography of the country in \nwhich they were at work. It was some comfort to know that among \nthe natives of the district, who knew only their own immediate \nneighborhood, the ignorance of the enemy was just as complete. \nSuch a thing as a map of the peninsula had never been made. If \nthe President had had a good map of the country he could have seen, \nand undoubtedly would have seen, the mistake that is now so easily \npointed out. McClellan had planned'an approach to Richmond along \nthe James river on the north bank. The advantages of such a plan are \nreadily seen by reference to our sketch. \n\nThe base of supplies \ncould be on the James, \ntransports and supply- \nboats could come up to \nhead-quarters, and it \nwould be unnecessary to \nleave heavy garrisons for \ncovering a long line of \ncommunication. The gov- \nernment at Washington, \nhowever, was very nerv- \nous, and, although they \nnow had about 70,000 men, including McDowell's corps, which \nshould have been with McClellan, the War Department issued \nan order, May 18, directing that the army should approach \nRichmond from the north. This made it necessary for McClellan \nto make his base of supplies on the York and Pamunkey in- \nstead of on the James. The mistake of such a plan is now \nclearly seen. The accompanying rough map of the peninsula \nshows the relative positions of Fortress Munroe, Richmond, and \nWhite House, where, according to this order, McClellan made his \nbase of supplies. The entire route, from whatever camp he might be \nin, to this last point, had to be kept secure from hostile occupation, \n\n\nPLAN OF THE PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN. \n\n\nM Fortress Munroe. \nR Richmond. \nW White House. \n\n\nY York River. \n\nJ James River. \n\nC Chlckahominy River. \n\n\n110 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nor else, some fine day, the army would have to fight for their supper, \nwith a slim chance of any being left for them. Again, the Chicka- \nhominy river lay between them and Richmond. Sudden rains might, \nin a single day, make this stream a torrent, and in two days impass- \nable. When the army should cross this river they would leave it \nbetween them and their supplies ; to leave a sufficient guard on the \nother bank would hopelessly weaken the attack, and to leave no \nguard would be to stake every hope of safety, not only for them- \nselves, but for the Union, upon the chances of a single day's \nfighting. \n\nMcClellan was finally aroused to the imminent danger of his \nsituation by the daring raid of a body of about 1,500 Confederate \ncavalry, which rode completely around his army, between him and \nWhite House. This was on the I2th of June. If, instead of \"Jeb\" \nStuart and his audacious band, the invaders had been Jackson, with \na large detachment, and if, instead of hurrying by, they had stopped \nto wreck the stores at White House, the result can be imagined. \nMcClellan was then astride the Chickahominy, and determined to \nchange his base to conform with his old idea. \n\nSoon after this Lee began to lay his plans for attacking the Union \narmy. On June 26, in pursuance of a plan for a change of base, \nthe heavy guns and a large part of the baggage train were removed \nto the north bank of the Chickahominy. Lee, Longstreet, and the \ntwo Generals Hill crossed the Chickahominy and attempted to turn \nthe flank of the Federal troops; but the artillery literally mowed \nthem down, and they gained no advantage. The next day McClellan \ncontinued the plan he had entered upon. Porter was covering the \nremoval of the remainder of the stores, when he was attacked by \nGen. A. P. Hill, and thus was brought on the battle of Gaines's \nMills, or Chickahominy. The desperate character of this engage- \nment may be estimated from the fact that the National army lost \n6,000 men, and the enemy's loss is estimated at a much larger figure. \nThe Ninth lost nearly 300 men, — over one-fifth of their fighting \nstrength. The Ninth was in General Porter's corps, the available \nstrength of which on this day was about 25,000 men, while Long- \n\n\nTHE IRISH SOLDIER. Ill \n\nstreet and the Hills brought against him an army of at least 55,000 \nmen. \n\nThe battle was begun by Gen. A. P. Hill, about two o'clock in \nthe afternoon, and for two hours he hammered Porter, blow on blow, \nonly to be hurled back with frightful loss. Jackson came with ree'n- \nforcements, and then heavy masses of Confederate troops made \nassaults all along the National line. Volley responded to volley; \nbatteries that remained after the infantry supports had fallen back \nwere decimated, captured and recaptured. The enemy finally suc- \nceeded in breaking General Porter's line, and at sunset he was \ncompelled to retire. \n\nThe work of Porter's men in this engagement was so desperate \nand deadly that the Confederate generals thought they were fighting \nthe whole Union army. Part of the rebel force was completely \ndemoralized. Whole regiments were deliberately marching back, \nand there was the most outrageous skulking on their side ever seen \nduring the war. No one who reads the story of the peninsular \nbattles can doubt the bravery of the Southerners, but this time they \nhad roused a lion ; the Ninth was as firm as a rock on the beach.1 \nThe reckless charges of the secessionists broke against their steady \nbayonets and well-directed fire ; the entire staff of a regiment before \ntheir line would frequently disappear, and the headless ranks drift \nback to shelter. \n\nColonel Cass was disabled by illness and a slight wound early \nin the battle, and his men were led by Lieutenant-Colonel Guiney, \nwho, upon the death of Cass at Malvern Hill, succeeded to \nthe command. The order came to charge; Guiney ordered the \ncolors forward, and at his call the men sprang to support them. \nIt is the proud record of this regiment that they never lost a color, \nand their daring charge in this hotly contested battle went far to \nsave the colors of their brother regiments. Surely it is not just to \ncall theirs a divided patriotism; that green flag, symbol of hopes \n\n\\ \"The Irish held their position with a determination and ferocity that called forth \nthe admiration of our own officers.\" — Report of a Prussian officer serving in the rebel \narmy, quoted in MfNamard's \"Irish Ninth.\" \n\n\n112 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\ndeferred for generations, and of bitter, fruitless struggles for home \nand freedom ; the flag that was bought by their children and deliv- \nered into their hands by the most famous Irish soldier then living,1 — \nwould they be men if it did not rouse the deepest and strongest \npassions of their nature ? Would they be worth our citizenship if \nthey did not follow it, through wounds and death, to the greatness of \nthe fame that history awards them to-day? \n\nAs the day wore on with its fearful work, McClellan sent as \nreinforcements Slocum's division, and later Meagher's and French's. \nThese last troops saved the day. Stragglers were beginning to work \ntheir way towards the bridges, and the thin and war-worn lines of \nheroes, having been under fire for two days, gladly rested behind the \nbulwark formed by the fresh troops. The enemy were finally \nbaffled ; their victory, all but won, was again deferred. They were \nvery willing to permit the retreat of an enemy less than half their \nnumber, that had resisted their most ferocious and reckless attacks \nfor a whole day. The Ninth was among the last regiments to leave \nthis field of dreadful carnage. After all the terrible strain of the \nday, they kept their ranks with the steadiness of veterans, and \nmarched without a symptom of panic, an exemplar of discipline to \nthe rest of the army, and a nucleus for stragglers that had courage \nenough to stay where they could find fighting companions. We \nquote from the New York \" Herald's \" war correspondent : — \n\nThe Ninth Massachusetts Regiment was the rear of the retreating column, \nwhich had passed over a hill into a large, open plain. . . . \n\nTo break and run was not for the men who had covered themselves with glory \nduring the entire day. Col. P. R. Guiney (now in command) decided to form a \nline of battle on his colors, and resist the approach of the enemy until the advance \nof the retreat should have been far enough to leave ground sufficient to enable him \nto commence his retreat in good order. Colonel Guiney, with his standard-bearers, \nadvanced upon the rebels with the words, \" Men, follow your colors ! \" It was \nenough. Before that small band of jaded heroes waved the stars and stripes and \nthe green flag of Erin, and with loud huzzas they rushed upon the rebels, driving \nthem up hill. \n\nAfter the battle of Gaines's Mills, McClellan continued the \n'Gen. Thomas Francis Meagher, then commanding the \"Irish Brigade.\" \n\n\nTHE IRISH SOLDIER. 113 \n\nmovement that he had begun. The enemy fancied that, being \nforced to abandon his depot at White House, he would retreat by \nthe way he had come,\" and consequently lost valuable time in pur- \nsuing him. They did attack him again, however, and harassed him \nall along his line of retreat, till he finally entrapped them at Malvern \nHill. This was a small eminence on the north bank of the James \nriver. The ground was peculiarly well situated for defence, and \nMcClellan's keen engineering sense saw every point of vantage it \ncould afford. \n\nPorter's division, of which the Ninth was a part, shared with \nCouch's the brunt of the attack. At 6 o'clock P.M. the artillery \nof the enemy concentrated its fire upon their fronts. Brigades \nformed in heavy masses under the cover of the trees, and raising the \n\" rebel yell,\" started on the run across the open ground to storm \nthe batteries. They were received first by a shower of grape and \ncanister from the guns ; daring and determined, they pressed on to \nwithin a few yards of the line only to receive the deadly volley that \ntheir opponents had been saving for close quarters ; then the Union \nsoldiers leaped to the charge, and their bayonets drove the remnant \nof their foes, in utter confusion, down and away, capturing colors \nand prisoners in goodly numbers. More than once in this fight the \ncharges of the Irish Ninth decided a critical point of the contest.1 \nColonel Cass had told General Porter1 in the morning that his men \nwould sweep the enemy before them, and they did it, though poor \nCass paid for it with his life. \n\n--v^ It seems proper to insert at this point the last words that Mc- \nClellan ever wrote, the grateful tribute of the illustrious commander \nto the men with whom and by whom his fame was made : — \n\nSo long as life lasts, the survivors of those glorious days will remember, \nwith quickened pulse, the attitude of that army when it reached the goal for \nwhich it had striven with such transcendent heroism. Exhausted, depleted in num- \nbers, bleeding at every pore, but still proud and defiant, and strong in the conscious- \nness of a great feat of arms heroically accomplished, it stood ready to renew the \n. • \n\n1 The authority for these statements is Gen. Fitz-John Porter. \n\n\n114 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nstruggle with undiminished ardor whenever its commander should give the word. \nIt was one of those magnificent episodes which dignify a nation's history, and are \nfit subjects for the grandest efforts of the poet and painter. \n\nIt was while the regiment was at Harrison's Landing that Col. \nP. R. Guiney received his promotion as Colonel Cass's successor. He \nhad been with the regiment from the date of its commission, and had \nrapidly risen in distinction for ability and bravery. He was one of \nthe active organizers of the regiment. It was his gallant and meri- \ntorious conduct at the battle of Gaines's Mills that gained him the \ncolonelcy, his promotion having been urged by Gen. Fitz-John \nPorter himself. \n\nIn leaving now, as we must, the peninsular campaign to follow \nthe fortunes of the regiment elsewhere, it must not be supposed that \nwe have done justice to their story. We have omitted the account \nof important battles in which the Ninth participated, and we have \nomitted accounts of individual and regimental gallantry that should \nproperly be told. The trouble is not the lack of incident, but the \nlack of space to recount it. What has been gjven is only to show \nthe importance of this particular campaign, and to show the share of \nour Irish regiments in preventing the disastrous termination which \nwas so imminently threatened and so narrowly averted. To write in \nthe same way a full account of all the battles in which the Ninth and \nits peer, the Twenty-eighth, took part, would be equivalent to writing \na history of the greater part of the Civil War. Grateful as that task \nwould be, and proud as the record of our race would be in it, it is \nnot our present purpose ; we must confine ourselves to the most \nsketchy accounts, and be content with the omission of many im- \nportant incidents. \n\nWhen we next see the Ninth in battle, they are serving under \nPope in the second Bull Run. On August 29, they were a part of the \ncorps which Porter refused to lead to almost certain destruction, — a \nrefusal which caused one of the most unjust military sentences known \nto history. The neact day, they were a part of the troops which Mc- \nDowell hurled desperately at Lee's attacking column, still trying to \n\n\nTHE IRISH SOLDIER. 115, \n\nobey their blundering chief as best they could. The Twenty-eighth \nwas also in this battle, having recently come from South Carolina, \nand did good service in repelling the flank attack of Jackson's troops \nat Chantilly on the last day of the fight. The total loss of the latter \nregiment in the three days' battle was over two hundred. \n\nAfter the second battle of Bull Run, as after the first, the \nGovernment turned to McClellan. Lee was moving North, and Mc- \nClellan started on his track. The Ninth and the Twenty-eighth were \nnow following the same leader. Sometimes one was in action, \nsometimes the other. After McClellan had forced the passes at \nSouth Mountain, the Ninth had to watch inactively from the left \nbank of Antietam Creek while the Twenty-eighth fought with the \nheroic fragment of the army that McClellan was able to put into \naction. Their loss here was twelve killed, thirty-six wounded, out of \nless than two hundred taken into action. \n\nFoiled in his attempt at a Northern invasion, Lee started \nhomeward. McClellan followed, but hesitated to attack him in the \nstrongly intrenched positions that he was able to secure. The \npoliticians at Washington again got after him, and between them \nand Halleck, Lincoln was persuaded to \" swap horses \" again, and \nBurnside was substituted for \" Little Mac.\" True to the old proverb, \nthe new commander rushed in where McClellan feared to risk his \nwell-beloved men, and the disaster at Fredericksburg followed. We \nwere pushed to an impossible attack, slaughtered by a determined \nfoe impregnably intrenched ; but the way in which these brave men \n\"went to their graves like beds\" is the brightest example of daring, \nheroic, unflinching devotion to duty that the pages of history afford. \nBurnside ordered a charge to seize the heights back of the city. \nFrench and Hancock's divisions made the attack, the former leading. \nThey came on bravely ; shells burst in their ranks, but they closed \nthe gaps and marched on ; they met the fire of the infantry, dropping \nby hundreds, but not stopping. Finally two brigades rose up from \na sunken road and delivered a murderous fire almost in their faces. \nThey halted and sought shelter, and then came Hancock's division \nwith the brigades of Zook, Meagher, and Caldwell, — about five \n\n\n116 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nthousand men. In Meagher's brigade was the Twenty-eighth \nRegiment. They charged in the same manner, but their desperate \nvalor only carried them nearer to the deadly stone-wall. No \norganized body of men could ever reach it, for the enemy were so \nthick behind it that \" each one at the wall had two or three behind \nhim to load muskets and hand them to him, while he had only to \nlay them flat across the wall and fire them.\" Generals Couch and \nHoward, observing from a steeple, saw this fighting,1 and Howard \ncould not suppress a cry of agony as he saw the brave men drop. \n\nThe best testimony for our famous countrymen is from the pen \nof their foes. We quote from First-Lieut. William Miller Owen :a \n\" In the foremost line we distinguished the green flag with the golden \nharp of old Ireland, and we knew it to be Meagher's Irish brigade. \nThe gunners were directed to turn their guns against this column, \nbut the gallant enemy pushed on beyond all former charges, and \nfought and left their dead within five and twenty paces of the sunken \nroad.\" \n\nIn spite of all the daring and death, the attempt failed to make \nany impression on the well-managed army of Confederates, and \nout of Hancock's brave five thousand that started on the charge, \nthree thousand retired at the end of fifteen minutes, leaving their \ncomrades where they fell. \n\nAfter one or two more of these frantic efforts to carry the posi- \ntion by storm, Burnside gave it up, and during the night withdrew to \nthe other side of the river. Shortly afterward Hooker superseded \nhim, and attempted to get around Lee's position and take him from \nthe rear. He began the battle of Chancellorsville by a brilliant \n\n1 \" I had never before seen fighting like that. Nothing approaching it in terrible \nuproar and destruction. There was no cheering on the part of the men, but a stubborn \ndetermination to obey orders and do their duty. I don't think there was much feeling of \nsuccess. As they charged, the artillery fire would break their formation and they would get \nmixed; then they would close up, go forward, receive the withering infantry fire, and those \nwho were able, would run to the houses and fight as best they could, and then the next \nbrigade coming up in succession would do its duty and melt like snow coming down on warm \nground.\" — General Couch, in \"Battles and Leaders of the Civil War,\" vol. iii., p. 113. \n\n* Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, vol. iii., p. 98. \n\n\nCOL. PATRICK T. HANLEY. \n\n\nTHE IRISH SOLDIER. 117 \n\nstrategic movement, which was soon neutralized by his vacillating \nand incompetent generalship ; and \" Fighting Joe,\" after making a \npoor defensive battle, retired, beaten like his predecessor, though \nnot quite so badly. His old-time energy soon returned, however, \nand he detected and followed up the attempted invasion of the \nNorth, which culminated at Gettysburg. Resenting the meddlesome \nand injurious dictation of Halleck, the commander-in-chief, he asked \nto be relieved of his command. Meade was appointed in his place, \nand led the army to the field which turned out to be the Waterloo \nof the Rebellion. \n\nThe Ninth was at this battle, though not actively engaged ; they \nlost one killed and three wounded while on skirmish duty. The \nIrish brigade had lost their old commander, and now followed \nCol. Patrick Kelley. The Twenty-eighth, after many forced \nmarches, took up a position with this brigade on the left of Ceme- \ntery Hill, early on the second day of the battle, and in this position \nline of battle was formed, and maintained until 4 o'clock P.M., \nat which time the regiment moved forward and engaged the \nenemy, who were strongly posted on the crest of a rocky hill. \nThe Twenty-eighth went over the top of this hill and almost to the \nbottom of the other side, being the whole time exposed to a heavy and \nconcentrated musketry fire and losing many men. The enemy were \non both flanks, and caused our men to retire a short distance for \nsupport. During this engagement and the following one next day, \nthe regiment lost in killed, wounded, and missing one hundred and \none men. \n\nThe Confederacy received its death-blow at Gettysburg, and the \nArmy of the Potomac soon found itself on old battle-fields. Our \ntwo Irish regiments took part in various minor engagements till the \narmy went into winter quarters in the fall of 1863. , \n\nIn February of the next year, Grant took command of the \narmies of the United States, and thirteen months afterward the war \nfinished, and the great and good Lincoln had gone to his rest. On \nthe 3d of May, Grant crossed the Rapidan southward and plunged \ninto the Wilderness, — a tract of deserted mining territory, densely \n\n\n118 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nwooded and uninhabited. Lee, for once, took the offensive, doubt- \nless expecting to surprise his opponent; but Grant was awake, and \nthe \" murdering match \" in the jungle left him in first-rate fighting \nand marching condition. \n\nIt was in the first day's fight in the Wilderness that Colonel \nGuiney was wounded in the eye by a minie-ball, and the com- \nmand of the Ninth devolved upon Lieutenant-Colonel Hanley during \nthe remainder of the battle. The Twenty-eighth was there, too. \nOn the first day they lost sixteen killed, sixty-seven wounded, \nand fifteen missing. Here gallantly fell Lieut. James Mclntire and \nCapt. Charles P. Smith. They lost also on the last days of the \nbattle, though not so heavily. \n\nGrant moved \" by the left flank \" from this time forward, and \nLee never fought except defensively thereafter. It was a race for \nRichmond, and Lee got in first ; but there was a steady fight all the \nway. The Ninth was in it up to Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864. They \nlost in this series of engagements Captains James W. Macnamara \nand William A. Phelan, and Lieutenants Nicholas C. Flaherty, \nJames O'Neill, Archibald Simpson, and Charles B. McGinniskin. \n\nThe Twenty-eighth stayed nearly through the war. In a daring \ncharge at Cold Harbor they lost Colonel Byrnes. June 16 finds \nthem at Petersburg, charging on and over the first line of works, \nuntil stopped by the superior force of the enemy. \n\nThis regiment was the last to leave the intrenchments at the \nfiercely contested battle of Reams's Station, August 25. They were \non this occasion publicly complimented for gallant conduct by the \ndivision commander, Gen. Nelson A. Miles. Their losses for the \nyear 1864 were, in killed, wounded, and missing, four hundred and \nfive. \n\nThe time of enlistment for many of this regiment expired early \nin 1865, and Colonel Cartwright returned to Boston with them. The \nremainder were organized into the Twenty- eighth Battalion of Mas- \nsachusetts Volunteers. Lieut.-Col. James Fleming led them on \nMarch 25, 1865, in an attack on Petersburg, Va. The enemy ad- \nvanced to meet the attack and were twice repulsed. On this occa- \n\n\nTHE IRISH SOLDIER. 119 \n\nsion the battalion remained under fire until all its ammunition had \nbeen expended. In this engagement Lieutenant-Colonel Fleming, \nCapt. John Conners, Capt. Patrick Mclntyre, and First-Lieut. T. J. \nParker were killed. There were also seven men killed and sixty-five \nwounded out of two hundred taken into action. \n\nThe last fight of any moment made by the battalion was at \nSouth Side Railroad, under the command of Capt. P. H. Bird, on \nApril 3, 1865. They were in at the surrender of Lee, and formed \npart of the grand review at Washington. \n\n\nTHE \n\n\nCATHOLIC CHURCH IN BOSTON \n\n\nTHE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nA BOOK devoted to the history of the Irish race in Boston would \nbe ludicrously incomplete without a sketch of that Church to \nwhich, at least, four-fifths of the Irish in their own land, or other- \nwhere scattered, belong. The loyalty of the Catholic Irish to their \nfaith is a proverb ; and in New England, especially, \" Irish \" and \n\" Catholic \" are, for all practical purposes, convertible terms. In- \ndeed, humanly speaking, the strength and importance of the Cath- \nolic Church in these parts to-day are due to the influx of the Irish \nelement, and to the large and attractive personalities of the Irishmen \nwho became prominent in her episcopate and priesthood. It remains, \ntherefore, but to outline Catholic progress, as a whole, in Boston. \n\nThe first Catholic ever to set foot in Boston was, doubtless, the \nJesuit missionary, the Rev. Gabriel Druillettes. He had been a success- \nful missionary among the Abnaki Indians in Maine. In 1650, Canada \nbeing anxious to open a free intercolonial trade and association, for \nmutual defence against the Iroquois, with New England, Father Druil- \nlettes was sent in quality of ambassador, so to speak, by the Cana- \ndian authorities to the governing powers in New England. The \nJesuit was courteously received by Major-General Gibbons, who gave \nhim a room in his house where he could be free to say his prayers \nand perform the exercises of his religion. Whence Dr. John Gilmary \nShea, in his \" History of the Catholic Church in Colonial Days \" \n(Vol. I. of his \"Catholic Church in the United States \"), thinks we \nmay infer that Father Druillettes celebrated Mass in Boston, Decem- \nber, 1650. \"At Roxbury,\" continues Dr. Shea, \"he visited Eliot \n(the Pilgrim missionary to the Indians), who pressed him to remain \nunder his roof until spring.\" The Jesuit did not prolong his stay. \nBe it remembered that only three years before, 1647, a law had been \n\n\n124 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nenacted in New England expelling every Jesuit from the colonies, \nand dooming him to the gallows if he returned. \n\nA French Protestant refugee, who was in Boston in 1687, found \neight or ten Catholics, three of whom were French, the others Irish. \nNone were permanently settled, however, except the surgeon, who \nwas, Dr. Shea thinks, Dr. Le Baron. \n\nFrom 1711-13, Father Justinian Durant, one of the priests who \nhad tried to labor among the oppressed Acadians in Nova Scotia, \nwas a prisoner in Boston. \n\nIn 1775, when Washington took command of the American \nforces at Cambridge, and forbade the observance of \" Pope day,\" \nthere were evidently a few Catholics permanently located in Boston, \nCharlestown, and the towns in the vicinity. The Abbe Robin, a \nFrench priest, was in Boston in 1781 ; Father Lacy, an Irish priest, \n' made a short visit to Boston about the same year. The Tories in \nBoston tried to excite anti-Catholic prejudice in New England against \nthe American cause, on account of the alliance of Congress with \nFrance, and in their journals — how history repeats itself! — pub- \nlished imaginary items, dated ten years ahead, detailing the terrible \nthings which would happen now that \" Popery \" was suffered to exist. \n\nIn 1 788 the Boston Catholics, under the direction of Father de \nla Poterie, a priest from the diocese of Aryen, France, acquired a site \nof a French Huguenot church on School street, and erected a small \nbrick church, under the title of the Holy Cross. The Archbishop of \nParis, on an appeal from the French Catholics in Boston, sent to the \nlittle church a needed outfit. There was, however, scant spiritual \ncomfort for the Catholics in Boston till 1790, when Bishop Carroll \nsent them Father John Thayer, a native of Boston, who had been \nconverted while travelling in Europe, received into the church in \nRome in 1783, and ordained about three years later. .When he \ntook charge of his Boston flock he found it numbered about one \nhundred — French, Irish, and Americans. \n\nBishop Carroll visited Boston for the first time in the spring of \n1791, to heal the division made in the little congregation by the dis- \nedifying French priest, Rousselet. The Bishop was courteously \n\n\nMOST REV. JOHN J. WILLIAMS, \n\nARCHBISHOP OF BOSTON. \n\n\nTHE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN BOSTON. 125 \n\nreceived by Bostonians generally, and, having been invited to the \nannual dinner of \" The Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company,\" \npronounced the thanksgiving at the close of the banquet. \n\nCatholic growth in Boston was greatly quickened by the advent \nthither, in 1792, of the Rev. Francis A. Matignon, formerly professor \nin -the College of Navarre, France, and experienced among English \nCatholics. He was joined, four years later, by his friend and country- \nman, the Rev. John Cheverus, like himself a refugee from the French \nrevolution. These two priests, by their exemplary lives, unwearied \ndevotion to the duties of their office, profound learning, kindliness, \nand tact, disarmed, by degrees, the prejudice and suspicion with \nwhich all things Catholic were regarded in Boston. The sermons of \nFather Cheverus attracted crowds of Protestants. His devotion to his \nfellow-citizens, — whose nurse and spiritual consoler he became, with- \nout distinction of race or creed, — when the yellow-fever scourge \nvisited Boston, completed his victory. \n\nThe Legislature of Massachusetts were preparing the formula of \nan oath to be taken by all the citizens of the State before voting at \nelections ; but, fearing it might contain something objectionable to \nthe Catholic conscience, they submitted it to Father Cheverus, \naccepted his revision, and enacted it into a law. \n\nIn 1799 the Catholics felt the need of a new church. A sub- \nscription list was opened, which John Adams, President of the United \nStates, headed with a generous offering. James Bullfinch, Esq., drew \nthe plans, and declined remuneration therefor. On St. Patrick's day, \n1800, ground was broken on the site acquired on Franklin street. \n\nThe same year, however, witnessed a revival of the old anti- \nCatholic,.spirit, and Father Cheverus was prosecuted by Attorney- \nGeneral Sullivan on the charge that he had violated the law, which \nwas held to permit his ministrations only in Boston, by marrying two \nCatholics in Maine. Judges Bradbury and Strong were especially \nhostile to Father Cheverus; but Judge Sewall, grandfather, we be- \nlieve, of Samuel Sewall, the eminent abolitionist, lately deceased, was \nunprejudiced. The pillory and a fine were threatened ; Bradbury \nwould have the law carried out to the letter ; but he was thrown from \n\n\n126 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nhis horse and prevented from attending court, and the Attorney- \nGeneral was absent when the case was reached. The prosecution \nlapsed. \n\nIn 1803 Bishop Carroll came on and dedicated the Church of \nthe Holy Cross, assisted by Doctors Matignon and Cheverus. The \nlate Hon. E. Hasket Derby presented this church with a bell from \nSpain. His son, the famous oculist, Dr. Hasket Derby, became a \nCatholic, and is a devoted attendant at the Cathedral. The bell is in \nthe mortuary chapel at Holyhood. \n\nThe humble and unpromising beginnings of the Church in \nBoston have been dwelt on thus minutely only for the sake of con- \ntrast with its magnificent development of to-day, — a development \nwhich sets it in the front rank of American Catholic Sees, — second \nonly in numerical strength, riches, enterprise, and last, but far from \nleast, steadfast faith and loyalty of religious spirit, to the great See of \nNew York itself. \n\nIn 1808 Pope Pius VII. erected four new Episcopal Sees in the \nUnited States, one of which was Boston, with Doctor Cheverus as \nfirst bishop. He was consecrated in Baltimore, by Archbishop \nCarroll, Nov. I, 1810. Bishop Cheverus established a little theolog- \nical seminary under his own roof for candidates for the priesthood, \nand founded an Ursuline Convent in Boston for the education of \nyoung girls. Boston's second Catholic parish — St. Augustine's, \nSouth Boston — was created by Bishop Cheverus. In 1823 his failing \nhealth obliged him to return to his native France, where he became \nsuccessively Bishop of Montauban and Cardinal Archbishop of Bor- \ndeaux, dying in 1836. His departure from Boston was mourned as \nmuch by Protestants as by Catholics. A Protestant lady, Mrs. John \nGore, had his portrait painted by Gilbert Stuart. This portrait, now \nthe property of Mrs. Horatio Greenough, adorns the Boston Art \nMuseum. During his administration many converts were received \ninto the Church, members of the most distinguished New England \nfamilies. \n\nBishop Cheverus was succeeded in the diocese of Boston by the \nRt. Rev. Joseph Benedict Fenwick, a lineal descendant of Cuthbert \n\n\nTHE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN BOSTON. 127 \n\nFenwick, one of the Catholic pilgrims who helped Lord Baltimore to \nfound the colony of Maryland. Irish immigrants poured into Boston \nduring his episcopate, and the Irish priests followed their people. \nChurches and schools multiplied. \n\nBishop Fenwick's first care in Boston was to remove the \nUrsuline nuns from their crowded and unhealthy quarters in the \ncity to a fine estate in Charlestown. He next enlarged the Cathedral \nby an addition, seventy by forty. Ample space was afforded in the \nbasement for school-rooms, which were soon filled by earnest and \nintelligent boys, whose studies were directed by the ecclesiastical \nstudents of the diocese. At this time Bishop Fenwick had but one \npriest4in the city to share his labors, — the Rev. P. Byrne, a native \nof Kilkenny, Ireland. He came to thif country at an early age, and \nwas ordained in Boston, by Bishop Cheverus, in 1820. With the \nRev. Denis Ryan, also a native of Kilkenny, and ordained for the \ndiocese of Boston by Bishop Cheverus, he rendered inestimable \nservices during the infancy of the Church in New England. He \nwas the pastor of St. Mary's Church, Charlestown, from 1830 till \n1843. Later, he had pastoral charge of New Bedford and the island \nof Nantucket. He died Dec. 4, 1844, and, according to his request, \nwas buried in St. Augustine's Cemetery, South Boston. Father \nRyan labored in the Maine missions of the vast diocese, and his \nname will always be tenderly associated with Catholic beginnings in \nWhitefield and Damariscotta. \n\nIn 1827 Bishop Fenwick officiated at his first ordination, the \ncandidates being the Revs. James Fitton and William Wiley. The \nformer spent many fruitful years as a missionary among the Indians \nin Maine, and later built up the church in East Boston. He has left \nvaluable records of Catholic beginnings and growth in his \" Sketches \nof the Establishment of the Church in New England.\" \n\nUnder Bishop Fenwick's administration the Church of St. \nAugustine, South Boston, built in 1819 for a mortuary chapel, was \nenlarged to accommodate the Catholics, who were growing very \nnumerous in its neighborhood. Its successive pastors have been the \nRevs. Thomas Lynch, 1833-1836; John Mahony, 1836, till his death, \n\n\n128 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nin 1839; Michael Lynch, 1839-40; Terence Fitzsimons, 1840-44. \nThe new and beautiful St. Augustine's of our own day was built by \nthe Rev. Denis O'Callaghan, who became its first pastor. It was \ndedicated in 1874, and consecrated in 1884. Father O'Callaghan is \nof Irish birth, but resided in Boston since his seventh year (1848). \nHe is a zealous priest and a well-known advocate of the legislative \nindependence of his native land. The splendid church, free of debt, \nand the spacious schools under way, speak more eloquently for him \nand his people than a volume of praising words. The old cemetery, \nin which the pioneer Catholics of Boston are buried, is a shrine of \nhistoric interest and of reverent pilgrimage. Among the graves of \nthe pioneer priests we find that of the Rev. John Mahony, men- \ntioned above among the pastors of St. Augustine's. He was born \nin the County Kerry, Ireland, in 1781. After his ordination and \nadvent to America he spent six years on the Maryland missions, \neight on those of Virginia, and thirteen in the Boston diocese. \n\nIn 1834 Bishop Fenwick founded St. Mary's parish, North End, \nBoston. The church was entirely completed and dedicated May 22, \n1836. The following priests were successively in charge: the Revs. \nWilliam Wiley, P. O'Beirne, Michael Healy, Thomas J. O'Flaherty, \nJohn B. Fitzpatrick, and Patrick Flood, till 1847, when it was placed \nin charge of the Jesuits. \n\nIn 1832 Bishop Fenwick \"introduced into Boston the Sisters of \nCharity, from Emmittsburg, Md. The \" foundation-sisters,\" as we may \ncall them, were the famous Sister Anne Alexis and her companions, \nSisters Blandina and Loyola. The first-named was for nearly fifty \nyears a noted personage in Boston, a woman of attractive personality, \nrare culture, and great executive ability, and beloved by both Cath- \nolics and Protestants. The Sisters of Charity, though of French \ninstitution, were founded in the United States by an American con- \nvert, Mrs. Elizabeth Seton, and have attracted an immense Irish- \nAmerican membership. Their late Mother-General for the United \nStates was Mother Mary Euphemia Blenkinsop, a native of Dublin, \nIre., and sister to the present rector of the Church of SS. Peter and \nPaul, South Boston. Her successor is a lady of Irish ancestry, — \n\n\nTHE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN BOSTON. 129 \n\nMother Mariana Flynn. It is not wholly irrelevant to mention here \nthat the present directress of the famous academy of the Sisters of \nCharity at Emmittsburg, Sister Lucia, is a Boston lady. These \nsisters have now under their charge in Boston : St. Vincent's Orphan \nAsylum for Girls, Camden street ; the Home for Destitute Catholic \nChildren, Harrison avenue ; St. Mary's Infant Asylum, in the Dor- \nchester District ; and the Carney Hospital, South Boston. Among \nthe notable benefactors of the Sisters of Charity in Boston may be \nnamed Andrew\" Carney, who founded the hospital which bears his \nname, and gave $12,000 to the St. Vincent's Orphanage; and the \nlate Daniel Crowley, a most liberal contributor to all their works. \n\nAnother of the old Boston parishes founded by Bishop Fenwick \nwas St. Patrick's, Northampton street, in 1835. So active and virulent \nwas the spirit of Know-nothingism at the time the new church was \nbuilding, — it was the year following the destruction of the Ursuline \nConvent in Charlestown, — that the men of the parish took turns by \nnight in guarding the walls. The church was completed, however, \nwithout trouble, and dedicated Dec. n, 1836. The Rev. Thomas \nLynch, one of the most celebrated of the old-time Boston priests, \nwas its pastor from this time until his death, in 1870. \n\nA few words descriptive of Father Tom, of whom it is truly said \nthat he was heroic in soul and body, may be fitly given here from a \nrecent sketch in the \" Pilot : \" — \n\n\nHe was born in Virginia, County Cavan, in 1800. Piety, patriotism, and love \nof learning were the very atmosphere of his boyhood's home. His own father was \nhis first instructor in English and Latin, and also in the grand old Gaelic tongue. \nHow capable and successful an instructor may be judged from the feet that the boy \nat the age of eleven easily translated long passages from Virgil and Horace into \nIrish. His familiarity with the Irish language was of the greatest service to him in \nthe priesthood years later, as many of the poor Irish immigrants who came to him \nin Boston for aid or counsel were unversed in any other tongue. \n\nWhile a student in Maynooth, he volunteered for the American mission, and \ncame to this country in 1830. He stopped in Boston, and Bishop Fenwick was \ngreatly pleased with the fervent young ecclesiastical student. He continued his \nstudies under the bishop's direction, teaching, meanwhile, in the school attached to \nthe Cathedral, and was ordained in 1833. He was a large, strong, and strikingly \n\n\n130 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nhandsome man, and probably the best classical scholar at that time in New England. \nHe was a good preacher, and diligent in devotion to the severe routine work of his \nlarge and scattered parish. But his distinguished characteristic — the grand \npassion of his life — was charity for the poor. At the time of the Irish famine — \n'46, '47, '48 — great numbers of Irish immigrants arrived in Boston, in the most \ndestitute condition. To Father Tom they were at once directed. He fed them, \nclothed them, counselled them. They slept in the basement of the church till other \nshelter could be procured for them ; or until, well equipped for the journey, he could \nstart them on their way to the manufacturing towns of New England or the \nprairies of the Far West. He always had a store of boots and shoes in his house, \nand kept many hands busy making up clothes for the immigrant women and chil- \ndren. Not until the Day of Judgment will it be known what a multitude of souls \nowe their perseverance in the faith, and their eternal salvation, to Father Tom's \nunbounded charity. Nor was his solicitude for the resident poor less minute and \ncomprehensive. He cared little for splendid buildings ; but much for drawing the \nhearts of the worn-out old laborer, the poor widow or orphan, to the love of God, \nby relieving in God's name their material sufferings. The needy never left his \nhouse with empty hands. \n\nA nephew of Father Lynch's, the Rev. Hugh P. Smyth, is the \npresent rector of St. Joseph's Church, Roxbury. He is noted as a \nchurch-builder, having erected, in whole or part, about twenty-five \nchurches during less than as many years in the priesthood. \n\nThe successor of Father Lynch at St. Patrick's was the Rev. \nJoseph N. Gallagher, who built the beautiful new church on Dudley \nstreet, and the parochial school, so well conducted by Sisters of \nCharity, from Halifax, N.S. Under his pastorate the church cele- \nbrated last year its semi-centenary. Cardinal Gibbons, Archbishop \nWilliams, all the bishops of the New England province, and a great \nnumber of priests, attended the impressive commemoration. \n\nThe parish of the Holy Trinity, for German Catholics, — until \nvery recently the only German Catholic parish in all New England, — \nwas also organized under Bishop Fenwick's administration, and so \nwas the first Catholic parish in East Boston. Perhaps the greatest \nwork of Bishop Fenwick's episcopate was the founding of Holy \nCross College of the Jesuits, at Worcester, in 1843. Its first presi- \ndent was Father \"Tom\" Mulledy, famous in old Georgetown's \nannals. \n\n\nTHE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN BOSTON. 131 \n\nBishop Fenwick was a Jesuit himself, having received the habit \nat Georgetown College, B.C., with his brother, Enoch Fenwick, and \nJohn McElroy, — the last a name subsequently so dear to Boston \nCatholics, — immediately on the restoration of the Society in the \nUnited States in 1 806. In 1 844 the Rt. Rev. John Bernard Fitzpatrick \nwas made Coadjutor to Bishop Fenwick. The same year a new dio- \ncese— Hartford, then comprising the States of Connecticut and Rhode \nIsland — was erected in New England, with the Rt. Rev. William \nTyler, D.D., as its first Bishop. Bishop Fenwick died Aug. n, \n1846. We quote from a tender eulogium passed upon him by Dr. \nBrownson : \" It will be long before we look upon his like again ; but he \nhas been ours ; he has left his light along our pathway ; he has blessed \nus all by his pure example and his labor of love, and we are thank- \nful.\" In the diocese, which had but two churches and two priests at \nhis coming, he left fifty churches and as many priests, a college, an \norphanage, and numerous schools. He was buried, as he desired, at \nhis beloved Worcester College. \n\nWe have not touched on the great sorrow of Bishop Fenwick's \nlife, the Know-nothing uprising and the destruction of the Ursuline \nConvent at Charlestown, which are treated of fully elsewhere in this \nvolume. \n\nLet us pass now to one of the brightest pages of the history of \nthe Church in New England, and to perhaps the dearest name in her \nannals, John Bernard Fitzpatrick. \n\nHe was born in Boston, of Irish parents, Nov. I, 1812. His \nfamily were prominent members of the Cathedral parish, and Bishop \nCheverus and Father Matignon were present at his christening. \nHe made his first studies at the Adams and Boylston Schools, \nwinning the Franklin medals at the public exhibitions of each. In \n1826 he entered the Boston Latin School, and through his \nexemplary conduct, talents, and application became a favorite with \nmasters and pupils. In a poem for the reunion, in 1885, of an old \nclass of the Latin School, Dr. T. W. Parsons, who had been his \nfellow-student, grows tenderly reminiscent of \" blessed John Fitz- \npatrick.\" His vocation early manifested itself, to the great delight \n\n\n132 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nof Bishop Fenwick, and in 1829 he entered the Montreal College, \ncompleting, 1837, with immense success and brilliancy, his eight \nyears' course. \n\nYoung Fitzpatrick, on his return to Boston, was the recipient of \nmany distinguished attentions. George F. Haskins, then a Protestant, \nand an Overseer of the Poor for the city of Boston, later a convert \nto the Faith, a priest, and the founder of the House of the Angel \nGuardian, Roxbury, is quoted by Dr. R. H. Clarke, in his \" Deceased \nBishops of the United States,\" in an interesting sketch of the young \nCatholic student's reception at the annual school dinner in Faneuil \nHall, Aug. 24, 1837. Among the guests were the Hon. Edward \nEverett, then Governor of the Commonwealth ; Hon. Samuel A. Eliot, \nMayor of the city ; President Quincy, of Harvard University ; and \nAdjutant- General Dearborn. Major Benjamin Russell introduced \nMr. Fitzpatrick in a most flattering speech. The response of the \nyoung man thus distinguished was, as Father Haskins tells us, modest, \nmanly, dignified, and graceful. It was frequently interrupted by \napplause. The following month he went to the Seminary of St. \nSulpice, Paris, where he was the only American student. His genius \nand virtue made him the subject of admiring interest. Says Dr. \nClarke: \"The Rt. Rev. Dr. De Goesbriand, Bishop of Burlington, \nVt, who was one of his companions at St. Sulpice, has stated that \nthe venerable Superior of the Sulpicians then predicted that young \nFitzpatrick would one day rise to a high position in the Church of \nGod, and become an ornament to its hierarchy.\" The prediction \nwas speedily fulfilled. \n\nHe was ordained priest June 13, 1840. In November of the \nsame year he returned to Boston. His first mission — an arduous \none — was at the Cathedral. He was at the same time assistant \npastor of St. Mary's, North End. In September, 1843, he was ap- \npointed pastor of the just-completed St. John's Church, East Cam- \nbridge. In 1844, being then only in his thirty-second year, he was \nmade Coadjutor-bishop of Boston, — Rome concurring in Bishop Fen- \nwick's own choice. His consecration took place in the chapel of the \nMonastery of the Visitation Nuns, Georgetown, D.C., on Sunday, \n\n\nTHE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN BOSTON. 133 \n\nMarch 4, 1844. Bishop Fenwick was consecrator; Bishop Whelan, \nthen of Richmond, Va., and Bishop Tyler, of Hartford, Conn., \nassistant consecrators. He at once relieved Bishop Fenwick of the \nmore laborious duties of his office; and no priest outrivalled the \nyoung Coadjutor-bishop in his devotion to the Cathedral parish work. \nHis sermons attracted vast congregations, which always included \nmany Protestants. \n\nIt has been noticed that while the Church in Boston was poor \nand a stranger, it drew within its shelter so many men and women of \npersonal distinction or of old and eminent families. After the Rev. \nJohn Thayer came Orestes A. Brownson, the Rev. George F. Has- \nkins (already referred to), the Rev. Joseph Coolidge Shaw and the \nRev. Edward H. Welch (these two became Jesuits), Captain \nChandler, besides representatives of the Dwights, Carys, Danas, \nMetcalfs, Lymans, Warrens, etc. One day in August, 1844, Bishop \nFitzpatrick confirmed sixty persons, nearly half of whom were native \nconverts. \n\nIn 1846 Bishop Fenwick died, and the whole responsibility \nof the great diocese fell upon the young Coadjutor. At this time \nBishop Fitzpatrick had these priests to assist him in Boston : at the \nCathedral, the Revs. P. F. Lyndon, Ambrose Manahan, D.D., and \nJohn J. Williams, — the last named now the revered Archbishop of \nBoston; at St. Mary's, the Revs. P. Flood and James O'Reilly; at \nSS. Peter and Paul's, South Boston, the Rev. Terence Fitzsimons ; \nat St. Patrick's, the Rev. Thomas Lynch ; at St. John the Baptist, the \nRev. George F. Haskins ; at the Holy Trinity, the Rev. Alexander \nMartin, O.S.F. ; at St. Nicholas, the Rev. Nicholas O'Brien; at \nRoxbury, the Rev. P. O'Beirne. St. Augustine's, South Boston, was \nvacant ; and the church in Charlestown, which was not then within \nthe city limits, was served by a convert priest, the Rev. George J. \nGoodwin, who was assisted by the Rev. M. M'Grath. \n\nIn October, 1847, at the invitation of Bishop Fitzpatrick, Jesuit \nFathers, headed by the Rev. John McElroy, S.J., took charge of St. \nMary's parish, North End. Father McElroy was born in Enniskillen, \nIreland, in 1782, and came to America in 1803. He became a \n\n\n134 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nJesuit, studied for the priesthood at Georgetown College, D.C., was \nordained there in 1817, and at one time held the responsible office of \nprocurator of that institution. He was chaplain in the United States \nArmy during the Mexican War, and was greatly beloved by the sol- \ndiers. Settled in Boston, he took early thought for the educational \nneeds of his parish, opened a parochial school for girls, and brought \non a colony of Sisters of Notre Dame, from their mother-house in \nCincinnati, to take charge of it. \n\nThe Sisterhood of Notre Dame is one of the numerous com- \nmunities of women which sprang up in France soon after the Revo- \nlution. Founded at Amiens in 1805, by Mother Julie Billiart, its \npresent seat of government is at Namur, Belgium. The community \nis devoted exclusively to teaching. It has had an enormous devel- \nopment in the United States, most of all, perhaps, in New England. \nBesides the well-known academies of Notre Dame, Berkeley street, \nand Notre Dame, Roxbury, where a second generation of Boston's \nCatholic young womanhood is receiving a liberal education, the \nparochial schools under these Sisters' care, in the city and its neigh- \nborhood, have now a pupilage not far short of ten thousand. So \nrapid and vigorous was the growth of the Sisterhood of Notre \nDame in these parts, and so numerous the applications of New Eng- \nland girls for admission to it, that it became necessary to open a \nnovitiate here, which is now attached to the academy on Berkeley \nstreet. The present Provincial of the Sisterhood, Superior Julia, \nmakes this house her headquarters during six months of every year, \nwhile she is visiting the numerous convents in her charge in New \nEngland. This lady is of Irish parentage, as are also an immense \nnumber of the religious whom she governs, and was the first pupil \nof the Academy of Notre Dame in Cincinnati. \n\nFather McElroy was succeeded at St. Mary's by the well-re- \nmembered Father Wiget, who founded the boys' school, and the first \nsodalities in the city for young and old men. After him came, suc- \ncessively, Father Bannister, Father Brady, Father O'Kane, then \nFather Brady again, with orders to build a new church. The work \nwas well under way when, in 1877, Father Brady was appointed Pro- \n\n\nTHE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN BOSTON. 135 \n\nvincial of the New York-Maryland Province of the Jesuits ; and the \nRev. William H. Duncan, SJ.,took his place as pastor of St. Mary's. \nFather Duncan completed the new church, a large and splendid \nedifice, which cost about $250,000; the pastoral residence; the new \nschools, which now have an average attendance of fifteen hundred \nboys and girls ; and the parochial hall. One incident will suffi- \nciently indicate the spirit of the congregation. Over twenty-two \nhundred young men, largely of the working people, followed the \nexercises of a retreat recently given in St. Mary's. \n\nFather McElroy's greatest work for Catholic education was the \nfounding of Boston College. He built, also, .the beautiful granite \nChurch of the Immaculate Conception on Harrison avenue. The \ncollege started in 1860, and was incorporated in 1863, with power \n\" to confer such degrees as are usually conferred by colleges in the \nCommonwealth, except medical degrees.\" Names prominently asso- \nciated with Boston College are those of the late Father John Bapst, \nS.J., and Father Robert Fulton, SJ. The story of Father Bapst and \nthe \"Ellsworth Outrage,\" in 1854, are doubtless well known to all our \nreaders, and do not, moreover, come properly within the scope of \nthis sketch. An extended sketch of Father Fulton is given elsewhere \nin this volume. His successor in the presidency of Boston College, \nin 1 88 1, was the Rev. Jeremiah J. O'Connor, S.J., now rector of St. \nLawrence's Church, New York City. Then came the Rev. Edward \nV. Boursaud, S.J., now English secretary to the General of the Jesuits \nin Rome ; then the lamented Father Robert S. Stack, S.J., who died \nduring his first month in office ; then the Rev. Nicholas Russo, S.J., \nnow at St. Francis Xavier's, New York. The college has begun its \nsecond quarter of a century, with Father Fulton again at its head. \nWork has already begun on a large addition to the college proper, a \nbuilding for the Young Men's Catholic Association of Boston College \n(founded in 1875 by Father Fulton), and a Catholic High School, \nwhich will be open to boys who have completed their course in \nschools of the parochial or grammar school grade. The venerable \nfounder of Boston College, Father John McElroy, died Sept 12, \n1877, at the great age of ninety-six years. \n\n\n136 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\ni \n\nBut we must return and revert briefly to other events in the \nepiscopate of Bishop Fitzpatrick. He dedicated the German Church \nof the Holy Trinity, Oct. 25, 1846, and placed it in charge of a \nFranciscan Father, the Rev. Alexander Martin. The parish subse- \nquently was given in care to the Jesuits, who built the present fine \nchurch and schools on Shawmut avenue. \n\nThe establishment of the Church in East Boston, though begun \nin the last years of Bishop Fenwick's lifetime, may properly be \nadverted to here. Soon after the formation of the East Boston \nCompany, in 1833, Irish Catholics began to settle on the island. \nThe names of Mr. Daniel Crowley, Messrs. McManus, Cummiskey, \nLavery, etc., are among the first of the permanent householders. \nIn 1844 the Catholics bought the meeting-hou^e of the Maverick \nCongregational Society. It was remodelled for Catholic use, and \ndedicated under the patronage of St. Nicholas, the Rev. Nicholas J. \nA. O'Brien being its first pastor.. He was replaced in 1847 by the \nRev. Charles McCallion ; and he, in 185 1, by the Rev. William Wiley, \nwho, dying in 1855, was succeeded by the Rev. James Fitton. \nFather Wiley, a few months before his death, projected the present \nbeautiful parish church, which was built by his successor, and dedi- \ncated as the Church of the Most Holy Redeemer. \n\nFathee- Fitton was born in Boston in 1803. His father was a \nnative of Lancashire, Eng., his mother a native of Wales, and both \nwere members of the first Catholic congregation in Boston. He \nbegan his education in the parochial school established by Dr. \nMatignon. Before his ordination he was a teacher in the seminary \nattached to the old Cathedral on Franklin street, and the present \nArchbishop of Boston, the Most Rev. John J. Williams, was one of \nhis pupils. He was ordained by Bishop Fenwick, Dec. 23, 1827. \nIn 1828 he was missioned to the Passamaquoddy Indians in Maine, \nand exercised among them with great fruit the twofold office of \npriest and teacher. The following year he had also charge of the \nscattered Catholics of New Hampshire and Vermont. In 1830 he \nhad charge of the mission extending from Boston to Long Island, \nN.Y., with Hartford, Conn., as a central point. In Hartford he \n\n\nTHE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN BOSTON. 137 \n\nfounded and personally conducted the first Catholic newspaper in \nthe United States, the \" Catholic Press,\" and made about eighty \nconverts. In 1832 he purchased the property on Mt. St. James, \nWorcester, Mass., and established a school, which subsequently de- \nveloped into the College of the Holy Cross. After notable services on \nthe missions of Rhode Island and Western Massachusetts, he was sent \nto East Boston, in 1855. Some faint idea of his missionary labors \nmay be gathered from his \" Sketches,\" already referred to ; but he \nkeeps himself so well out of sight, that in reading the beginnings of \nCatholicity in New England one hardly realizes that the writer is often \nof necessity chronicling his own life and labors. In East Boston he \nfounded four parishes, — the Most Holy Redeemer, St. Mary's, Star of \nthe Sea, the Sacred Heart and the Assumption ; also, as early as 1858, \na fine school for girls, under the Sisters of Notre Dame. His last \nwork was the establishment, in his own parish, the Holy Redeemer, \nof a society for young men, now properly known as the Fitton Insti- \ntute. Father Fitton celebrated the golden jubilee of his priesthood \nDec. 23, 1877. The day was kept with great honor in his own \nparish, and was made the subject of a splendid religious celebration \nin the Cathedral the following week, in which the Archbishop and \nall the priests of the diocese joined. Father Fitton died Sept. 15, \n1881. \n\nThe limitations of space forbid more than a brief advertence to \nthe celebrated school controversy of 1859. Rules had been made \nin the public schools — though these were then, as now, professedly \nnon-sectarian — enforcing on all the children the use of the Protestant \nversion of the Bible, the reciting of the Ten Commandments in their \nProtestant form, the chanting of the Lord's Prayer in its Protestant \nform, and other religious chants in unison. A Catholic boy was \nseverely punished in the Eliot School for his conscientious refusal \nto obey these rules; several hundred of his comrades joined him \nin open resistance, and a season of intense, angry, and illogical \nexcitement against all things Catholic pervaded Boston. The boys \nwere suspended, and their parents notified that the indispensable \ncondition of reinstatement was conformity to the objectionable rules. \n\n\n138 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nMoreover, they would, by staying out of school, be liable to arrest \nand imprisonment for truancy. In the latter case they would be sent \nto the city penitentiary, where they would be wholly at the mercy of \nthe officers and teachers, who were all Protestants, and known to be \nof a proselytizing spirit. Bishop Fitzpatrick, to avoid the worse evil, \nadvised the parents to direct the boys to submit, under protest, while \nhe addressed a temperate and courteous letter to the School Board, \nwherein he set forth clearly why Catholics could not in conscience \nobey said rules, and made so manly and forcible an appeal for the \ncitizen-rights of Catholics in the schools that he pierced through the \nprejudices to the reason of the Board ; the obnoxious rules were \nrepealed ; and within the year, for the first time in the history of \nBoston, a Catholic priest and several Catholic laymen were elected \nmembers of the School Board. \n\nHard work and heavy cares now began to tell on Bishop Fitz- \npatrick. He never had a secretary till 1855, nor a Vicar-General \ntill 1857. No wonder that with the almost incredible increase of the \nCatholic population of New England, and the corresponding mul- \ntiplication of churches, schools, and beneficent institutions, the \nstrength of the overworked bishop waned, and that hardly had he \nreached his prime till his end was in sight. Though at his petition \nbefore the National Council in Baltimore, in 1853, his diocese was \nagain subdivided and the new Sees of Burlington, Vt, and Portland, \nMe., erected; still, at his death, in 1866, he left in the diocese of \nBoston, then comprising the State of Massachusetts over a hundred \npriests and as many churches, to say nothing of schools and chari- \ntable institutions. \n\nIn 1854 Bishop Fitzpatrick had paid his regular ad limina visit \nto Rome. He was then in the very bloom of manly beauty and \nstrength. Ten years later he went abroad again ; this time in a vain \nsearch for health. He always dearly loved the land of his ancestry ; \nand while in Brussels, having heard of the sufferings of the Irish \npeople, he wrote from his sick-bed an urgent entreaty to his Boston \nflock to send help to Ireland. Needless to state that his appeal \nbrought out a generous response. \n\n\nTHE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN BOSTON. 139 \n\nBut Bishop Fitzpatrick was first of all an American. His fer- \nvent patriotism was known and honored of all men. From an ap- \npreciative tribute by a non-Catholic pen in the Boston \" Gazette \" we \nglean the following : — \n\nWhen the news came of the firing on Sumter, though a sick man, — he died \nfive years after, — he was the first to order that all the churches be kept open for \nprayers for the Union. A gentleman tells me that during the first preparations for \nwar, when people were talking of three-months' enlistments, as the war would surely \nbe over before that, the Bishop said to him : \"Urge people to make no such hasty \ncalculations ; this thing has been long maturing ; they have more ammunition than \nwe realize, and they have the advantage of territory and intense homogeneous in- \nterests. We will be lucky to see it ended in five years ; \" — a bit of prescience that \nturned out almost exact. \n\nSincerity, firmness, patience, and faith were the strong points in \nthis great bishop's character. Of his faith, the Rev. George F. \nHaskins said that it was not only strong, but simple and reliant. \n\" Hence,\" continued Father Haskins, \" his solicitude in supplying \nthe spiritual wants of his vast flock by sending them learned and \ngood priests. Hence his earnest instructions to erect large and com- \nmodious rather than ornamental and costly churches. Hence his \ndeep concern for the training of little children ; his zeal in visiting \npersonally every church and congregation, as long and as often as \nhis health permitted; his kind and considerate bearing towards \nProtestants of whatever sect; his uniform affability, that made all \nmen, even the humblest, regard him as a friend.\" \n\nSome years before his death, Bishop Fitzpatrick had fixed his \ndesire on the Rev. John J. Williams, then pastor of St. James' Church, \nBoston, as his successor in the episcopate ; and it was one of the \ngreat joys of his fading days when he learned that Pope Pius IX. \nhad ratified his choice. Bishop Fitzpatrick died Feb. 13, 1866. \nAll Boston united in mourning his loss and honoring his memory. \nAs his body was carried to the Cathedral, and again during the \nfuneral, the bells of the city were tolled by order of the mayor. \nTen bishops, one hundred and forty priests, the Governor of Massa- \nchusetts, the Mayor of Boston, State and city officials, political and \n\n\n140 THE IRISH Iff BOSTON. \n\nliterary celebrities, and a concourse of people of every form of belief, \nattended the funeral of the beloved bishop. \n\nBishop Williams was consecrated at St. James' Church, of which \nhe had been rector, March II, 1 866, and went to reside at the \nCathedral house on April 2 following. He was succeeded at St. \nJames' by the Rev. James A. Healy. The Rev. William Byrne, now \nVicar-General and rector of St. Joseph's, West End, Boston, was made \nChancellor of the diocese. In the same year the Rev. Thomas Ma- \ngennis, now rector of the Church of St. Thomas, Jamaica Plain, was \nordained. \n\nBishop Williams gave early attention to a work which had been \nvery near the heart of his predecessor, — the building of the new \nCathedral. The old Cathedral lands on Franklin street had been \ntransferred to Mr. Isaac Rich, in 1859. On Sunday, Sept. 16, 1860, \nMass was celebrated for the last time in the venerable old building, \nreminiscent of the apostolate of a Matignon, a Cheverus, and a \nFenwick. The site of the present Cathedral . was acquired in two \nparcels, in October, 1860, and January, 1861. Ground was broken \nfor the foundations April 27, 1866, and Bishop Williams laid \nthe corner-stone June 25 following. Meantime the congregation \nworshipped in the Castle-street Church, bought from Harvard Col- \nlege in 1 86 1, and dedicated the same year as a Pro-Cathedral. Mass \nis still celebrated in this church on Sundays, for the accommodation \nof the people in its vicinity. The grand new Cathedral was dedicated \nDec. 8, 1875. Archbishop Williams — Boston had been made a \nMetropolitan See early in the year — officiated. Bishop Lynch, of \nCharleston, S.C., preached. This Cathedral is unsurpassed for size \nand beauty in the United States, except by the Cathedral of New \nYork City. \n\nIn 1 867 the Nuns of the Good Shepherd — an order devoted \nto the reformation of fallen women — made their first establishment \nin Boston. They have now a splendid brick convent on Tremont \nstreet, near Brookline, and in the twenty-two years of their existence \nhere have reclaimed, or preserved from danger, about four thousand \nyoung women. The Boston house was erected into a mother-house \n\n\nTHE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN BOSTON. 141 \n\nabout two years ago, and the new convent and chapel dedicated \nwith imposing ceremonies. Several young ladies have since taken \nthe veil here. A Magdalen convent has also been opened within the \nsame enclosure ; and here the penitent who desires to become a nun \nmay enter, for no penitent, however thoroughly reformed, can be \nreceived into the order of the Good Shepherd. The whole institu- \ntion is now under the charge of Mother Mary of St. Aloysius. She \nis aided by about sixty nuns, who have under their charge close on \nthree hundred penitents and children of the preservation classes. The \nhouse is maintained by the labor of the inmates and the offerings of \nthe charitable. \n\nIn 1870 the Little Sisters of the Poor made their first foundation \nin Boston. This community, one of the youngest in the Church, is \nof French origin, and is devoted to the aged poor of both'sexes, \nwithout distinction of race or creed. They have now a large house \non Dudley street, in which over two hundred old people are cared \nfor. About six years ago they opened another house in Charles- \ntown, and are preparing to found still another in Somerville, Mass. \n\nThe Rev. T. Magennis, appointed in 1869 rector of the new \nparish of St. Thomas, Jamaica Plain, founded schools for boys and \ngirls, directly his church was completed, and in 1873 brought on \nas teachers, the Sisters of St. Joseph, from Flushing, L.I. These \nSisters were later given the parochial schools of the Gate of Heaven \nparish, South Boston, by the rector, the Rev. M. F. Higgins, and \nhave also flourishing schools in Stoughton, Amesbury, and Haverhill. \nTheir novitiate was transferred a few years ago from Jamaica Plain to \nFresh Pond, Cambridge. The buildings on this erstwhile well-known \npleasure resort have been adapted to conventual and academic pur- \nposes, and the place is known as Mt. St. Joseph's. The Sisterhood of \nSt. Joseph was introduced into the United States from France in 1836, \nand is now numerically the strongest of all the communities of \nwomen in this country. It had, at latest estimates, a membership of \n2,213, with 58,553 pupils in its academies and parochial schools. \n\nIn 1873 the Italians and Portuguese resident in the North End \nwere organized into a congregation, and a small Baptist meeting- \n\n\n142 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nhouse, on North Bennet street, bought, remodelled for Catholic use, \nand dedicated under the patronage of St. John the Baptist. This is \nnow used by the Portuguese alone. They are under the pastoral \ncharge of the Rev. N. Serpa. His predecessor, the Rev. Henry B. \nM. Hughes, missionary apostolic, established a parochial school for \nboys and girls, and placed it in charge of the Sisters of the Third \nOrder of St. Dominic. Father Hughes was a Welsh convert, a man \nof great missionary enterprise and extraordinary linguistic attain- \nments. He died in his native land, whither he had been missioned, \nabout two years ago. \n\nThe rapidly increasing Italians were placed under the pastoral \ncharge of the Franciscan Fathers, Father Boniface, now Provincial of \nthe New York and New England Province, being at the head of the \nmission. The first Italian chapel bears the name of St. Leonard of \nPort Maurice. Another congregation has recently been organized \nby Father Francis Tzaboglio, general secretary of tfye Missionary \nSociety for Italian Immigrants, with its chapel on Beverly street. \nFather Paroli, of the same society, is in charge of it. \n\nIn April, 1875, the Rev. James A. Healy, pastor of St. James' \nChurch, Boston, was made Bishop of Portland, Me. He was suc- \nceeded by his brother, the gifted and beloved Father Sherwood \nHealy, who died the same year. An interesting fact in connection \nwith St. James' parish is that since its creation, in 1852, three of its \npastors have become bishops ; the third to be chosen for this dignity \nbeing the Rt. Rev. Matthew Harkins, who, in 1887, succeeded the \nlate Bishop Hendricken in the diocese of Providence, R.I. During \nthe pastorate of the Rev. Thomas Shahan, now at Arlington, Mass., \nschools were begun in this parish, — a work which the present rector, \nthe Rev. W. P. McQuaid, is perfecting. \n\nPope Pius IX. erected Boston into an archdiocese in 1875, with \nSpringfield, Mass., Hartford, Conn., Providence, R.I., Portland, Me., \n\"and Burlington, Vt. (the diocese of Manchester, N.H., was not \nestablished till 1884), as Suffragan Sees. The pallium was conferred \non Archbishop Williams May 2, 1875, by Cardinal M'Closkey, Arch- \nbishop of New York. Bishop McNeirney, of Albany, celebrated the \n\n\nTHE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN BOSTON. 143 \n\nMass; Bishop De Goesbriand, of Burlington, preached. All the \nbishops of New York and New England were present, with a multi- \ntude of priests, and the since celebrated Sanctuary Choir of the \nCathedral — trained by Mile. Gabrielle de la Motte — made its first \nappearance. \n\nThis year is 'also memorable for the passage of a bill in the \nMassachusetts Legislature, through the efforts of Senator Flatley and \nothers, by which freedom of worship was guaranteed to the Catholic \ninmates of the penal, reformatory, and charitable institutions of the \ncity. The first Catholic religious service was held in the chapel of \nthe State Prison, Charlestown, on June 6, 1875, the Rev. William \nByrne, pastor of St. Mary's, Charlestown, officiating. \n\nAnother notable event of the year was the religious and patri- \notic celebration of the centenary of Daniel O'Connell, August 6, the \nRev. Robert Fulton, S.J., being the orator at the commemoration at \nSt. James' Church, in the morning, and John Boyle O'Reilly giving \nthe poem, \" A Nation's Test,\" at the festivities of the evening. \n\nIn 1876 the Redemptorist Fathers built the splendid Church of \nOur Lady of Perpetual Help, familiarly called the Mission Church, \non Tremont street, Roxbury. These priests, whose Institute was \nfounded in the last century by St. Alphonsus Liguori, were intro- \nduced into this country in 1841, by Archbishop Eccleston, of Balti- \nmore, for the German Catholic missions of the United States. The \nAmerican membership of the Congregation of the Most Holy Re- \ndeemer has always been largely of German extraction, though the \nubiquitous Irish race has been fairly represented in the ranks. The \npresent rector of the Mission Church, Boston, the Rev. H. J. \nMclnerney, is an Irishman. During the pastorate of his predeces- \nsor, the Rev. Joseph Henning, C.SS.R. (now rector of St. Patrick's \nChurch, Toronto, Ont.),the Mission Church began to acquire a more \nthan local celebrity through the remarkable, not to say miraculous, \ncures wrought at the shrine of Our Lady of Perpetual Help. The \ncase of Miss Grace T. Hanley, daughter of Colonel Hanley, of Bos- \nton, in 1883, is perhaps the most notable, and is commemorated \nby a bronze tablet in the wall of the Blessed Virgin's shrine. .The \n\n\n144 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nRedemptorist Fathers are completing a magnificent parochial school, \nwhich will accommodate fifteen hundred pupils, and will be opened \nthis year, with the School Sisters of Notre Dame, from Baltimore, as \nteachers. Two existing Boston Catholic schools of equal magnitude \nare St. Mary's, North End, built long ago by the Jesuits, and St. Ste- \nphen's, in the same section, just completed by the Rev. M. Moran. \n\nThe Rev. P. F. Lyndon, V.G., died April 18, 1878. He had \nbeen Vicar-General under both Bishops Fitzpatrick and Williams, \nand administrator of the diocese while the latter was attending the \nVatican Council, 1869-70. His most important pastoral charges \nwere SS. Peter and Paul's, South Boston, and St. Joseph's, West \nEnd. He enlarged St. Joseph's Church, and provided the rectory. \nHe also built the Gate of Heaven Church, South Boston. \n\nFather Lyndon's successor as Vicar-General was the Very Rev. \nWilliam Byrne, then rector of St. Mary's, Charlestown. \n\nFather Byrne was born in Dunsany, County Meath, Ireland, \nabout fifty-four years ago. He made his classical studies chiefly in \nIreland. He came to New York City in 1857 and after a short res- \nidence there, convinced of his vocation to the priesthood, repaired for \nhis ecclesiastical studies to Mt. St. Mary's College, Emmettsburg, Md. \nHe was ordained priest for the diocese of Boston in 1864. For some \nyears preceding his ordination, and for a year thereafter, he was pro- \nfessor of mathematics and philosophy in the college. In 1865 he \nwas recalled to Boston, and appointed successively, as heretofore \nstated, Chancellor, pastor of St. Mary's, Charlestown, and Vicar- \nGeneral. In 1880 Father Byrne was prevailed upon to accept the \npresidency of his old-time Alma Mater, Mt. St. Mary's, Emmettsburg. \nThis institution was in serious financial difficulties ; it needed at its \nhead a man of a hard-working, self-sacrificing disposition, clear judg- \nment, and business ability, qualities which were already conspicuous in \nFather Byrne. After three years of his administration, the college \nfound itself again in a prosperous condition, and Father Byrne re- \nturned to Boston, being succeeded at Mt. St. Mary's by another priest \nof the archdiocese of Boston, the Rev. Edward P. Allen. Father \nByrne's success in freeing Mt. St. Mary's from its difficulties won \n\n\nTHE CATHOLIC CHURCH IK BOSTON. 145 \n\nfor him the grateful consideration of the whole Church in America; \nfor that venerable college has had a most important and honorable\" \npart in her history. Over eighty years in existence, so many of its \nsons have been called to the honors of the Episcopate, that it is popu- \nlarly named the \" Mother of Bishops.\" There is not a diocese in the \nland that is not, or has not been at some time, represented in its \nseminary. \n\nA few months after his return from Mt. St. Mary's, Father \nByrne succeeded the Rev. William J. Daly (who died in Rome, De- \ncember, 1883) in the pastorate of St. Joseph's Church, West End, \nBoston. \n\nBesides his distinctive work as Vicar-General of a great arch- \ndiocese and rector of a populous city parish, Father Byrne has \nfound time for much special service in the promotion of popular \neducation and temperance reform. He founded, a few years ago, \nthe Boston Temperance Missions. Associated with him was a band \nof prominent priests of the archdiocese, who went from church to \nchurch, on the invitation of the pastor, giving, for four successive \nevenings at each church, instructions on the causes of intemperance, \nits spiritual and temporal evils, and its remedies. These missions \nwere highly successful, and set an example which has been followed \nin other dioceses. \n\nFather Byrne was administrator of the archdiocese of Boston \nduring Archbishop Williams' visits to Rome in 1883 and 1887. He \nrepresented the Archbishop in Rome at the Golden Jubilee of \nPope Leo XIII., and was the recipient of distinguished favor and \nconsideration from the Sovereign Pontiff. Returning from Rome, \nhe visited his native Ireland. Here the fame of his efforts for Irish \nnationalism had preceded him, and he received from the leaders of \nthe Irish Parliamentary Party, and Irishmen generally, an enthusiastic \nwelcome. He was an honored guest at the St. Patrick's day banquet \nof 1888, in London, and made an impressive speech in response to \nthe toast \" The Irish in America.\" The following Easter he cele- \nbrated Mass before an immense congregation in his old parish \nchurch at Dunsany, County Meath. Bishop Nulty, of Meath, gave \n\n\n146 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\na banquet in his honor, at which all the priests of the diocese were \npresent, and at which the patriotic bishop praised in the warmest \nterms Father Byrne's eminent services to the Catholic faith and Irish \nnationalism. On his return to Boston the May following, the parish- \nioners of St. Joseph's testified, by a memorable reception, their devo- \ntion to their cherished pastor. \n\nFather Byrne has a faculty of terse and lucid expression both in \nspeaking and writing. He contributed to the great \" Memorial His- \ntory of Boston,\" published by Messrs. J. R. Osgood & Co., the chap- \nter on \" The Roman Catholic Church in Boston.\" During the latest \nphases of the school excitement in Boston he has several times been \ncalled upon to explain, in the secular press, the Catholic doctrine on \ncertain controverted points, notably the much-misrepresented question \nof indulgences ; and many misunderstandings have been cleared up, \nand much bad feeling dissipated, by his prudent, courteous, and clear \nmanifestation of the Faith. By their invitation, he prepared a paper \nwhich was read before a meeting of the Universalist ministers of Bos- \nton, last November, entitled w Aids to Practical Piety.\" \n\nOn May 10, 1879, St. Mary's Church, Charlestown, celebrated \nits fiftieth anniversary. Archbishop Williams celebrated the Pontifi- \ncal High Mass, and Bishop O'Reilly, of Springfield, preached. At \na further celebration, the following day, the Rev. Richard J. Barry, \nnow rector of St. Cecilia's, Back Bay, Boston, and the Very Rev. \nJ. J. Power, V. G., of the diocese of Springfield, Mass., made ad- \ndresses. \n\nThe ranks of the priesthood in New England have received \nmany accessions from old St. Mary's, Charlestown. This was the \nparish church of the Rt. Rev. Lawrence S. McMahon, now Bishop \nof Hartford, Conn., who used to serve Mass at its altar in his boy- \nhood. The present esteemed rector of the church, the Rev. John \nW. McMahon, is a brother of the bishop. Another old-time parish- \nioner of St. Mary's is the Very Rev. John J. Power, Vicar-General \nof the diocese of Springfield, Mass. \n\nOn Feb. 20, 1880, the nuns of the Sacred Heart, a teaching \norder, devoted mainly to the higher education of girls, were intro- \n\n\nTHE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN BOSTON. 147 \n\nduced into Boston, and located their academy at Chester square. \nThis order, founded in France, in 1800, came first to America \nin 1818, and has been marvellously popular and successful. Like \nall the other orders in this country, it has been largely recruited \nfrom among ladies of Irish birth or descent. Among them we may \nmention two nieces and a grandniece of the beloved Irish novelist \nand poet, Gerald Griffin ; and in the Boston convent, a relative of \nthe illustrious Irish patriot, Theobald Wolfe Tone. The new con- \nvent on Chester square was built in 1886. It is in charge of Madame \nSarah T. Randall. The academy has an attendance of nearly one \nhundred pupils. \n\nIn the fall of 1884, the great work of the episcopate of Arch- \nbishop Williams, St. John's Ecclesiastical Seminary, Brighton, was \ncompleted. The seminary, a plain, substantial stone building, has \nbeautiful grounds covering twenty-eight acres. \n\nAs it now stands it has accommodations for one hundred \nstudents. Later, a new wing will be erected for the students of \nphilosophy. Then the theological students will have the exclusive \nuse of the present building. The course includes two years' philos- \nophy, with natural science, and four years' theology. The seminary \nis open primarily to candidates for the priesthood from the various \ndioceses of New England ; but the candidates from other dioceses \ncan also be received. \n\nA word here of the very remarkable man who is president of the \nseminary. The Very Rev. John B. Hogan, S.S., D.D., is a native of \nIreland, but received his ecclesiastical training and lived the greater \npart of his priestly life in the seminary of St. Sulpice, Paris. He re- \nfused bishoprics in his native land and in France, preferring to devote \nhimself unreservedly to the great work of his order, — the training \nof priests for God's Church. When, at the request of Archbishop \nWilliams, Father Hogan was sent by the Superior of the Sulpicians \nto found the Boston Seminary, there was sorrow throughout France. \nThe well-known Irishman, Mr. J. P. Leonard, long resident in Paris, \nand a friend of the distinguished priest, wrote thus of him to the \n\"Pilot\" in July, 1885 : — \n\n\n148 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nFor a quarter of a century as one of the Directors of St. Sulpice, Father \nHogan was the friend and spiritual adviser of thousands of students who are now on \nthe mission in different parts of France. \n\nNothing can equal their respect and affection for him. I have heard their feel- \nIngs warmly expressed in Brittany, in Normandy, in the Orleanses, and the Bour- \nbones, in hospitals, and ambulances, and even on the field of battle. This will \nexplain the outburst of sorrow, when the news of his departure became known. \n\nFather Hogan is regretted not only by the clergy, who all knew and appreci- \nated him, but in the higher circles of Parisian society, though he lived almost \nexclusively in the seminary, holding little intercourse with the lay world. Once, \nhowever, much against his will, he was forced to leave it, and this was during the \nterrible Commune, when his conduct was truly heroic, saving, perhaps, the semi- \nnary, and certainly many most important documents, from destruction. From his \nprison cell on the conciergerie, quite close to that formerly occupied by the unfor- \ntunate Marie Antoinette, he defied and browbeat the miserable imitators of her \npersecutors, narrowly escaping the fate of the Archbishop of Paris and the other \nhostages. \n\nThere is sorrow, too, among his own countrymen, for he was true to them and \nto his native land. Poor, suffering Ireland ever held the first place in his heart. In \nher dark hours, and they were many, he defended and served her, as many here know \nwell, and none better than his old friend and constant admirer, J. P. LEONARD. \n\nA pleasant incident in the history of the seminary was the \nassembling within its walls, January, 1888, of the priests of the arch- \ndiocese, in witness of their affection and devotion for the founder, \nArchbishop Williams. Besides the testimonial to the Archbishop \nhimself, his portrait-bust in bronze, the work of the sculptor, Mr. \nJohn Donoghue, was presented by the priests to the seminary. The \nprojector of both testimonials was the Rev. Arthur J. Teeling, of \nNewburyport, Mass. \n\nThe development of the Parochial School System in Boston has \nalso to be noted. We have seen its beginnings under Bishop Chev- \nerus and the Abbe Matignon. In this field, Boston Catholics, and \nindeed New England Catholics as a body, have had to work against \ndifficulties not experienced in the same degree by their fellow-relig- \nionists in other parts of the United States. Here the general preju- \ndice against the Catholic Church has been special and intense against \nthe Catholic schools. Protestant ignorance or misunderstanding of \nthe real point at issue, must account for this ; for the principle of \n\n\nTHE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN BOSTON. 149 \n\nreligion in education, which the Church has ever maintained, and \nwhich Catholics, as far as possible, carry out, was the very corner- \nstone of the New England public-school system. Up to 1859 the . \npublic schools of Boston, though professedly non-sectarian, and only \nused by the Catholics as such in absence of Catholic schools, were \npractically Protestant. Though more nearly conformed to the non- \nsectarian profession to-day, the Catholic children, who still form at \nleast half the attendance, are by no means secured against assaults \non their faith ; and Catholic parents, who in any event prefer a relig- \nous education to the best- possible merely secular system, are building \nup steadily, at great personal sacrifice, their own schools. \n\nThe decree of the Third Plenary Council of Baltimore in 1884, \nwhich emphasized the mind of the Church and the indispensable duty \nof American Catholics in regard to the establishment of parochial \nschools, naturally gave a great impetus to school building. Some \nof the largest and best in Boston have been erected since that date. \n\nCatholic activity in this direction excited the wrath of certain \nProtestants to such a degree that a bill ostensibly for \" the inspection \nof private schools,\" but actually intended for the embarrassment, or \neven repression, of Catholic schools, was introduced into the Massa- \nchusetts Legislature, in January, 1888. \n\nThis bill was framed on the majority report of the joint special \ncommittee of the Massachusetts Legislature of 1887, on the employ- \nment and schooling of children. Its supporters professed to be \nmoved by a fear that the education given in private schools was \nnot equal to that given in the public schools ; and that the welfare \nof the children and the safety of the Commonwealth would be en- \ndangered if the private schools, to whose foundation and maintenance \nthe State has contributed nothing, were not compelled to open their \ndoors and submit teachers and pupils to the inspection and exami- \nnation of officials for the most part hostile to their very existence. \n\nOpposed to this bill was the able minority report of the same \ncommittee, presented by Representative Michael J. McEttrick. Said \nreport protested against the proposed State inspection as an in- \nterference with the natural right of parents and the constitutional \n\n\n150 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nright of American citizens. On these lines the bill was fought in \nfive successive hearings before the Committee on Education of the \nMassachusetts Legislature, and all the bigots and cranks in Boston and \nits neighborhood, led by the Rev. Joseph Cook and the Rev. A. A. \nMiner, D.D., advocated the bill. Ranged with the Catholics in \nopposition to it were such men as President Eliot, of Harvard \nUniversity; Col. Thomas Wentworth Higginson, of Cambridge; \nthe Rev. Edward Everett Hale, and Gen. Francis Walker. Charles \nF. Donnelly, Esq., represented the Catholic schools with con- \nspicuous ability and dignity. The bill was defeated, and the dis- \ncussion had the good effect of concentrating national attention on the \nwell-defined attitude of the Catholics on the education question, and \nof bringing out strongly the fact that many thoughtful Protestants \nshare the Catholic conviction of the necessity of religion in edu- \ncation. \n\nIn the wake of the State Inspection Bill came the now historic \nepisode in the school controversy, — the calumnious definition of the \nCatholic doctrine of indulgences by Master Charles B. Travis, of \nthe English High School, Boston, before his history class, in which \nthere were a number of Catholic pupils. Master Travis asserted \nthat the Catholic doctrine of indulgences means a permission to \ncommit sin, sometimes bought with money t and illustrated the asser- \ntion by the further statement that in a Catholic country a murderer \nbrought before a judge would be liberated by showing his indulgence \npapers. \n\nA Catholic pupil earnestly objected to this infamous calumny of \nCatholic doctrine; whereupon the professor replied that he would \nhold to his opinion, though the pupil was free to hold his own. \n\nThe incident was made public, but the teacher's name and the \nname of the school were charitably withheld, in the hope that the case \nwould be promptly investigated, and the offender brought, at least, to \nan apology; but within a few days the lie was reiterated in the \nmost insulting manner. Thereupon the Rev. Theodore A. Metcalf, \nrector of the Gate of Heaven Church, South Boston, to whose parish \nthe pupil above mentioned belonged, made a formal complaint to the \n\n\nTHE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN BOSTON. 151 \n\nBoston School Committee. Master Travis, called to account, de- \nfended himself on the plea that he followed this foot-note in his text- \nbook, \" Swinton's Outlines of History.\"1 Later, the Committee on \nText-Books, composed of three Protestants and two Catholics, the \nRev. Dr. Duryea, G. B. Swasey, E. C. Carrigan, Judge J. D. Fallen, \nand Dr. J. G. Blake, in their annual revision of text-books, pro- \nnounced the book inaccurate not only on Catholic matters, but in other \nrespects, and ordered it dropped. In this decision the Committee on \nHigh Schools, Dr. J. G. Blake, chairman, to whom Father Metcalf's \ncomplaint was referred, concurred, censured the action of Master \nTravis, and recommended his transfer to some other office in the \nHigh School than that for which he had shown himself so grossly \nunfitted. The School Committee accepted the report and adopted the \nrecommendations. Chroniclers of this episode should note, however, \nthat Father Metcalf never asked either for the exclusion of \" Swinton's \nOutlines \" from the school nor the exclusion of Master .Travis from \nthe professorship of history, nor uttered one word of attack of the \npublic-school system ; but simply appealed, in exercise of his citizen- \nright, to the School Committee to take measures to prevent the rep- \netition by a teacher of statements inconsistent with non-sectarian \nteaching. \n\nThis decision furnished to the anti-Catholic leaders a pretext for \nthe incitement of the prejudices and ignorant fears which, in an \nearlier stage of Boston's history, had found expression in church- \nwrecking and convent-burning. Sunday after Sunday, Music Hall, \nTremont Temple, and certain other Protestant places of worship \nrang with abuse and defamation of all things Catholic. It is true\" \nthat the more refined and educated non-Catholic element had no \npart in this assault on their fellow-citizens of a different faith, and \nthat so eminent a Protestant historian as Professor Fisher, of Yale \nCollege, publicly denounced as an atrocious scandal the assertion \n\n1 \" These indulgences were, in the early ages of the church, remissions of the penances \nimposed upon persons whose sins had brought scandal on the community. But in process \nof time they were represented as actual pardons of guilt, and the purchaser of indulgences \nwas said to be delivered from all his sins.\" \n\n\n152 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nthat the Catholic Church ever taught that the forgiveness of sins can \nbe bought with money. A Protestant association, called the Evan- \ngelical Alliance, formally petitioned the Boston School Committee \nfor the restoration of \" Swinton's Outlines\" and the reinstatement of \nMaster Travis. The petition was denied. Then the religious issue \nwas introduced into the campaign preceding the municipal elections \nof Dec. n, 1888. A peculiar element in this campaign was the \ninterference of a secret society known as the Committee of One \nHundred, pledged to make aggressive war on the Catholics. \n\nIn Boston, women have the right to vote for members of the \nSchool Committee. The Protestant women, excited by the frenzied \nappeals of ministers and politicians to save the schools, and Ameri- \ncan institutions generally, \" from the Jesuits,\" etc., voted in great \nnumbers. Some Catholic women also voted, believing that the emer- \ngency justified them in overcoming their natural aversion to entering \nthe field of political action. But the majority of the Catholic \nwomen felt that, in the long run, they were better serving the cause \nof justice by abstaining from the suffrage. The election resulted in \nthe defeat of every candidate of the Catholic faith, or supposed to \nbe favorable to equitable dealing with Catholics. The Catholic \nmembership of the School Committee was reduced to eight, and this \nin a city whose population is more than half Catholic. \n\nIn the spring of 1889 another bill for the State inspection of \nprivate schools was introduced into the Massachusetts Legislature. \nThe bill was framed by the Rev. Samuel L. Gracey, of Salem, and \nmost actively pushed by representatives of the Committee of One \nHundred. The bill of the preceding year was conciliation itself in \ncomparison with this, which, however, had the merit of throwing \noff all hypocrisy, and being, what it has been justly styled, an Anti- \nCatholic School Bill. It was aimed directly at the rights of Catho- \nlic parents and citizens, and, if carried into effect, would deprive \nthese of freedom of conscience, and even of freedom of speech. \nThis is the bill, as introduced before the Committee on Educa- \ntion : — \n\n\nTHE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN BOSTON. 153 \n\n1. Absolute right of inspection and supervision by the local School Commit- \ntee of every private school in which any children between the ages of eight and \nfourteen were being educated. \n\n2. That every parent and other person having control of a child able to \nattend school, and between the ages of eight and fourteen, and needing instruction, \nwho would not cause such child to attend a public school, or a private school, \napproved by the local School Committee, would be subject to a penalty of twenty \ndollars, whether it appeared the child was receiving a good education elsewhere \nor not. \n\n3. That the local School Committee shall only approve of a private school \nwhen the teaching therein is in the English language, in the branches provided by \nlaw, and the text-books used therein are such as may be approved by the committee, \nand when they are satisfied otherwise of the progress and condition of the school. \n\n4. That any person who shall attempt to influence any parent or other person \nhaving under his care or control any child between eight and fourteen years, to take \nsttch child out of, or to hinder or prevent such child from attending a public or \napproved school by any threats of social, moral, political, religious, or ecclesiastical \ndisability, or disabilities, or any punishment, or by any threats, shall forfeit a sum \nnot exceeding $1,000, and not less than $300, in each offence. \n\nThe petitioners for this bill tried to invest their cause with some \nrespectability by securing as counsel ex-Governor Long. The \ncounsel for the Catholic parochial and private schools was again \nCharles F. Donnelly, and the counsel for Protestant private schools, \nNathan Matthews, Jr. \n\nThe proposed bill was discussed before the Committee on \nEducation in fourteen hearings, from March 20 till April 24, inclu- \nsive. On April 25 the closing arguments were made. Represent- \native Lund was assistant counsel for the petitioners. Two Protestant \nministers — the Revs. A. A. Miner and J. B. Dunn — were constant \nin their attendance and advocacy of the bill. The presence among \nthe petitioners of Superintendent Bartlett, of the public schools of \nHaverhill, resulted from the fact that the Haverhill School Committee \nhad brought in an order of their own, asking for legislation on the \ninspection and approval of private schools, moved to this course by \nfinding their powers insufficient for the suppression of the French \nCanadian parochial school, St. Joseph's. More than a third of the \npupils attending this school came from homes in which only the \n\n\n154 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nFrench language was spoken. Part of the teaching was, therefore, \nof necessity in the French language. This, and the fact that the \ntext-books were not identical with those used in the public schools, \ndecided a hostile school committee, after a hasty examination, to \nrefuse to approve the school. \n\nThe Rev. Oliver Boucher, rector of St*. Joseph's, offered to make \nevery reasonable concession to the School Committee. Neverthe- \nless, parents were ordered to withdraw their children from St. \nJoseph's and send them to the public schools, or otherwise be prose- \ncuted under the truant law. The French parents stood up bravely \nfor their parental and conscientious rights. Several test cases were \nbrought before Judge Carter, of Haverhill, who decided in favor of \nthe defendants, giving it as his official opinion that St. Joseph's \nSchool, even without the modifications made by Father Boucher in \nthe hope of securing the approval of the School Committee, amply \nmet the requirements of the compulsory education statute. Then \nthe cry was raised by some of the Boston bigots that the French \npeople were coerced by the priests into sending their children to the \nparochial schools. On the other hand, it was maintained that the \nFrench kept up parochial schools, and had their children instructed \nin the ancestral tongue with a view to eventually annexing New \nEngland to the Province of Quebec ! \n\nFrench Canadians came in great numbers from Haverhill, \nLowell, Lawrence, Marlboro', Worcester, Fall River, and Holyoke, \nto testify to their preference for a distinctly Catholic education \nfor their children, and to their absolute loyalty to the United \nStates. Among their conspicuously able spokesmen were Rep- \nresentative Dubuque, of Fall River, and Emil Tardivel, editor \nof \" Le Travailleur,\" Worcester. The inquiry developed a fact \nlittle to the taste of the petitioners; namely, that the French \nCanadians of Massachusetts are becoming naturalized rapidly, and \nin great numbers, and are, as a rule, in favor of the annexation of \nCanada to the United States. Three priests testified: the Revs. \nJ. P. Bodfish, of Canton ; Joseph F. McDonough, of Taunton ; and \nthe Rev. Richard Neagle, Chancellor of the Archdiocese of Boston. \n\n\nTHE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN BOSTON. 155 \n\nOther remonstrants were Col. T. W. Higginson, J. W. McDonald, \nprincipal of the Stoneham High School, Edward Hamilton, Arthur \nA. Hill, editor of the \" Haverhill Gazette,\" all Protestants; Julius \nPalmer, Jr., and Thomas J. Gargan, Catholics. The searching and \ncomprehensive examination to which the Catholics were subjected \nwould give a disinterested hearer the impression that the Catholic \nChurch was on trial for her life in Massachusetts. \n\nIn the face of the fact developed during the hearing, that the \nCatholics number about two-fifths of the total population of the \nCommonwealth, and in many cities and towns are in the majority, \nMassachusetts legislators, whatever their political affiliations or relig- \nious sympathies, began to shrink from open identification with the \nAnti-Catholic School Bill. While the hearings were still in progress, \nthe House, to avoid the burden of a decision, appealed to the \nSupreme Court of Massachusetts for an interpretation of the statute \nrelating to private schools. The Court refused an opinion. \n\nA few weeks later, Representative T. W. Bicknell, for the majority \nof the Committee on Education, reported to the Legislature a bill \nwhich, though divested of the prominent anti-Catholic features of \nthe Gracey Bill, was still so bigoted and inquisitorial as to be objec- \ntionable to all fair-minded people. Representatives McEttrick and \nKeane, of the same committee, put in a minority report setting \nforth the needlessness of any additional legislation. Various substi- \ntute bills were offered and debated, but that which finally passed \nboth branches of the Legislature, with slight amendments by Repre- \nsentatives Dubuque and Davis, was the bill of Representative Ward- \nwell (Republican), of Haverhill. This bill does not change, but \nmerely defines, the existing school laws ; clearing Section I. (the \nCompulsory Education Statute) of the obsolete \" poverty \" and \n\" half-time school \" clauses, and explaining in what \" the means of \neducation\" consist. \n\nConcluding this outline of the school controversy of 1889, it \nmust be said that the Catholics, forced by the tactics of their oppo- \nnents to defend the teachings of their Church, as well as their citizen \nand parental rights, were most fortunate in their counsel, Mr. Charles \nF. Donnelly, who conducted their case with a dignity, disinterested- \n\n\n156 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nness, and ability which shaped public opinion at an early stage of \nthe contest, and foredoomed all anti-Catholic and inquisitorial legis- \nlation before the close of the legislative hearings. That famous \nadvocate of Catholic popular education, the Right Rev. Bernard J. \nMcQuaid, of Rochester, N.Y., voiced the general Catholic conviction, \nwhen he said in Boston, before the Free-Thought Association, in \n1 876, that Massachusetts will yet settle the school question on an \nequitable basis for the whole country. This conviction of the \nnational value of the outcome of the Catholic case in the Massachu- \nsetts school controversy attracted national interest to Mr. Donnelly's \nprocedure, and won grateful recognition from the American Catholic \npress, for the value of the weapons which he has furnished to the \narsenals of those on whom in other commonwealths a similar conflict \nmay be forced. Massachusetts Catholics have reason, also, to be \npleased with their representatives in the Legislature, notably the \nfaithful and loyal Mr. M. J. McEttrick. \n\nProminent among the Catholic charitable institutions of Boston \nis the House of the Angel Guardian, founded in 1850 by a pious \nconvert priest, the Rev. George F. Haskins. It is for orphan boys, \nand is conducted by Brothers of Charity from Montreal, Canada. \n\nThe Home for Destitute Catholic Children, on Harrison avenue, \ndeserves more than a mere naming. \n\nThe Home for Destitute Catholic Children was organized in \nJune, 1864. It was first known as the Eliot Charity School, and \nwas conducted by benevolent ladies and gentlemen at a house on \nold High street, in this city. \n\nThe original committee for this work was the Very Rev. John \nJ. Williams, now Archbishop of Boston ; the Rev. James A. Healy, \nnow Bishop of Portland, Me. ; Messrs. Patrick Donahoe, William S. \nPelletier, Charles F. Donnelly, William- S. Mellen, the last-named \nsince deceased. \n\nA meeting, composed mainly of the superintendents of the \nvarious Catholic Sunday-schools, was held in the basement of the \nCathedral chapel on the evening of Palm Sunday, March 20, 1 864. \n\nIt was ascertained that at least one thousand children between \n\n\nTHE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN BOSTON. 157 \n\nthe ages of eight and twelve years were annually prosecuted before \nthe courts of Boston. The judges and officers before whom- they \nappeared could only look upon them as homeless vagrants. They \nwere for the most part children of Catholic parents. \n\nIt was, therefore, proposed that a temporary home be provided \nfor such children, or any other destitute child, regardless of creed, \ncolor, or nationality, where they might be cared for until they could \nbe transferred to permanent and good homes. \n\nIn 1864 George W. Adams was elected to the position of \nsuperintendent, which he held until 1866, when he was succeeded \nby Bernard Cullen, whose labors for the Home covered a period of \ntwelve years. Mr. Cullen died Feb. 12, 1878, and immediately \nhis son, James B. Cullen, became his successor to the superintend- \nency of the institution by a unanimous vote of the corporation. \nHe did the duties of superintendent from Feb. 12, 1878, until \nMay, 1883, when he voluntarily resigned and engaged in mercantile \npursuits. John A. Duggan succeeded to the position made vacant \nby the younger Mr. Cullen, and he still occupies it. \n\n' The association became a corporate body under the laws of the \nState, with fifteen members to constitute the board of managers, \nwho are elected from the different parishes, of Boston. \n\nThe domestic management of the Home was under the super- \nvision of matrons until 1865, and then the Sisters of Charity were \ninduced to assume the management of its domestic affairs. In \n1870 the present spacious and well-appointed building on Harrison \navenue was erected. \n\nWhen it is remembered that over seven thousand eight hundred \ndestitute, homeless, neglected children have been received and pro- \nvided for at this establishment, without pay or compensation of any \nkind, and that the heavy indebtedness of the institution, incurred by \na land purchase and erection of its buildings, together with the \nannual payment of about twelve thousand dollars ($12,000) for \nhouse expenses, it will be seen that, in order to place it on its present \nsound financial basis, much care, skill, and self-sacrifice were neces- \nsary. \n\n\n158 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nAll poor, homeless, and friendless children between the ages \nof three and twelve years are received and sheltered, without any \ndistinction of race, color, or religion. \n\nThe names of the officers of the Home corporation, with the \ndate of their election, are as follows : — \n\n1864 — Patrick Donahoe; Charles F. Donnelly, James Havey, \nMatthew Keany, John Lyons; 1869 — James Bonner; 1871 — \nPatrick Grealy, John W. McDonald, James McCormick, John B. \nO'Brien; 1877 — John Donovan, James W. Dunphy, James Dool- \ning, James McMahon ; 1877 — Patrick Norton, Owen Nawn, David \nA. Ring; 1878 — Christopher Blake, Patrick T. Hanley; 1880 — \nPatrick Collins, Rev. W. H. Duncan, S.J., John Miller, Patrick F. \nSullivan; 1882 — William Peard, Denis Cawley, Patrick Doherty, \nThomas F. Doherty; 1889 — Rev. Richard Nagle. Twenty-eight \nmembers in all, two vacancies existing in the board. Officers for \n1889 — President, John B. O'Brien; Vice-President, Charles F. \nDonnelly ; Treasurer, Patrick F. Sullivan ; Secretary, James Havey ; \nExecutive Committee, James W. Dunphy, John W. McDonald, John \nMiller. \n\nThe Home celebrated its Silver Jubilee on Sunday, May 26, \n1889, in Music Hall, by a grand Catholic demonstration, at which \nArchbishop Williams presided, and Bishop Healy, of Portland, Me., \ndelivered the chief address. \n\nBoston has not a more interesting public institution than the \nWorking Boys' Home, on Bennet street. It was begun in a small \nbuilding on Eliot street, in the spring of 1883, by the Rev. David \nH. Roche, with four boys. Under his direction the present spacious \nand well-appointed brick building on Bennet street was erected. In \n1888 the Rev. John F. Ford succeeded Father Roche as superin- \ntendent. There are at present nearly one hundred boys in the \nHome. Sisters of St. Francis, from Allegany, N.Y., have charge \nof the domestic arrangements. Besides comfortable dormitories \nand refectories, there is a well-furnished gymnasium, and Father \nFord has started a library and reading-room. The Home is \nopen to working boys, without distinction of race or creed. \n\n\nTHE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN BOSTON. 159 \n\nA Home for Working Girls was opened in June, 1888, on \nDover street, Boston, under the patronage of Archbishop Williams. \nIt is directed by Grey Nuns from Montreal. It is not a charitable \ninstitution, but a house where home protection and home comforts \ncan be supplied at a modest sum to girls employed in stores, offices, \netc. An association of prominent Catholic ladies, called the Work- \ning Girls' Friends' Society, has been organized for the benefit of this \ninstitution. Its president, in 1888, was Mrs. Hugh O'Brien; in 1889, \nMrs. M. E. P. Fennell. \n\nThe priesthood of Boston have always been earnest advocates \nof Irish Home Rule. On Jan. 25, 1881, almost immediately after \nthe great National Convention of the Land League, in Buffalo, N.Y., \nArchbishop Williams and all the priests of the archdiocese met at \nthe house of the Vicar-General, Boston. \n\nThe meeting endorsed the principles laid down in the Buffalo. \nConvention as justified by religion and morality, and framed an \naddress to the bishops, priests, and people of Ireland, expressing \nfraternal sympathy in their struggle, admiration for their splendid \nself-control in the face of extreme provocation, and speaking strong \nwords for land reform and home rule. It thus concluded: \"We \npray the Giver of all good gifts that he may reward Ireland's cen- \nturies of suffering and fidelity to religion with the fullest civil liberty, \npeace, and prosperity, so that she may be once again the home of \nlearning and science, and a source of blessings to other nations.\" \nThe address was signed as follows : — \n\nJohn J. Williams, Archbishop of Boston ; William Byrne, V.G. ; \nWilliam A. Blenkinsop, Church of Sts. Peter and Paul, South Bos- \nton, Chairman; M. F. Flatley, St. Joseph's, Wakefield, Secretary; \nT. H. Shahan, St. James, Boston; T. Magennis, St. Thomas, Ja- \nmaica Plain ; M. J. Masterson, St. John's, Peabody, \n\nThe address was followed by a generous contribution from the \nBoston priests to the funds of the Land League. \n\nA word about the chief Catholic Societies in Boston. The \nSociety of St. Vincent de Paul, composed of laymen, who regularly \ndevote some time to the visiting and relief of the sick and poor, was \n\n\n160 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nintroduced into Boston by its present archbishop, the Most Rev. \nJohn J. Williams. In 1861, while pastor of St. James' Church, \nBoston, he established in that parish the first conference of St. \nVincent de Paul. There is now scarcely a parish in the city without \nits conference. A conference of colored Catholics, called St. Peter \nClaver's, was established in the spring of 1889, under the presidency \nof Mr. Robert L. Rufin, with the Rev. John F. Ford, of the Working \nBoys' Home, as spiritual director. From the report of the Particular \nCouncil, for the year ending Dec. 31, 1888, we get a specimen \nyear's work. The active membership at date was 547 ; families \naided during the year, 1,532, comprising 5,378 persons; visits made \nto the poor, 22,953 > moneys received during the year, added to \nbalance in treasury, $34,866.56; moneys disbursed among the poor, \n$25,741.09 — leaving in treasury $9,125.47. The Particular Council \nis composed of a Council of Direction (constituted in 1889), as \nfollows : — \n\nSpiritual Director, the Very Rev. William Byrne. V.G. ; Presi- \ndent, Thomas F. Ring; Vice-Presidents, Henry McQuade, Thomas \nShay; Secretary, John J. Mundo; Treasurer, J. W. McDonald; and \nthe spiritual directors, presidents, and vice-presidents of the vari- \nous Conferences. \n\nThe Catholic Union, of Boston, was founded in March, 1873, \nunder the inspiration of the words of the late Sovereign Pontiff, Pope \nPius IX., recommending union and organization of the Catholic laity \nin the spirit of loyalty to the Church. To secure the perpetuation of \na truly Catholic spirit in the Union, Sect. 2, Art. I., of the By-Laws \nprovides that the Archbishop of Boston shall always be arbiter in \nall questions and cases that may arise in the Union. The first Ex- \necutive Committee of the Catholic Union (or the Council of the Cath- \nolic Union, as it was originally called) was thus composed : John G. \nBlake, M.D., Hon. P. A. Collins, Messrs. John F. McEvoy, William \nF. Connolly, H. L. Richards ; Treasurer, Hugh O'Brien ; Correspond- \ning Secretary, William S. Pelletier ; Recording Secretary, John Boyle \nO'Reilly. First Board of Officers: President, Theodore Metcalf; \nfirst Vice-President, Patrick Donahoe ; second Vice-President, John \n\n\nTHE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN BOSTON. 161 \n\nC. Crowley ; Spiritual Director, the Rev. James Augustine Healy. \nCommittee on Nominations : Hugh Carey, Gen. Patrick R. Guiney, \nJohn Boyle O'Reilly, Samuel Tuckerman. \n\nThe Union proposed to its members these permanent studies \nand interests : The Church, Catholic Education, Public Schools, Pub- \nlic Institutions, Catholic Charities and Protection, Sacred Music. \nThe influence of a body of earnest, intelligent men, taking serious \nthought of such questions as are involved in the foregoing topics, \nwas soon felt in the community. To the Catholic Union is due in \ngreat part the obtaining of freedom of worship for the inmates of the \nState penal, reformatory, and charitable institutions. It is interest- \ning to add that one of the two honorary members of the Catholic \nUnion is a lady, Miss Emma Forbes Cary, of Cambridge, Mass., \ndistinguished for her labors in the spiritual and temporal interest \nof prisoners. The other honorary member is the Rt. Rev. James A. \nHealy, Bishop of Portland, Me. \n\nThe succession of presidents in the Catholic Union has been : \nTheodore Metcalf, 1873-75; Henry L. Richards, '75-76; John C. \nCrowley, '76-78; Hugh O'Brien, '78-80; Thomas Dwight, M.D., \n'81-82; John B. Moran, M.D., '82-84; J. A. Maxwell, '84-85; \nJoseph D. Fallen, '85-86; J. C. Crowley, '86-88; Thomas F. Ring, \n'88—89. The successive spiritual directors have been : the Revs. \nJames Augustine Healy., Alexander Sherwood Healy, Joshua P. \nBodfish, and Leo P. Boland. The present board of officers (1889) : \nHonorary President, Archbishop Williams; President, James L. \nWalsh ; First Vice-President, Thomas B. Fitz ; Second Vice-Presi- \ndent, James A. Reilly ; Recording Secretary and Treasurer, John J. \nMcCluskey; Corresponding Secretary, Thomas J. Kelly; Executive \nCommittee, the foregoing ex-officiis and William H. Grainger, \nDaniel L. Prendergast, Francis Martin, Stephen Murphy, J. B. Fitz- \npatrick; Committee on Nominations to Membership, M. C. Curry, \nEdward Harkins, T. J. Monaghan, F. B. Doherty. \n\nTo Father Bodfish, for so many years identified with it as \nSpiritual Director, the Union is indebted largely for its development \nand influence as a social organization. A brilliant and memorable \n\n\n162 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nevent in the early history of the Catholic Union was the three days' \nfestival in Music Hall, concluding on the evening of Nov. 13, 1873, \nin honor of Pope Pius IX. The programme included an address by \nthe President, Theodore Metcalf ; the address of the Catholic Union \nto Pope Pius IX., John Boyle O'Reilly ; the reading of the Holy \nFather's reply to the Union's address, by William Summers Pelletier ; \nand the following addresses : \" The Objects of the Catholic Union of \nBoston,\" Henry L. Richards ; \" The Growth of the Church in New \nEngland,\" Rev. James A. Healy, Spiritual Adviser to the Council of \nthe Union ; \" The Catholic Charities of Boston,\" Patrick Donahoe ; \n\" Congratulatory,** Dr. Henry James Anderson, President of the \nCatholic Union of New York ; \" Catholic Historical Society,\" John \nC. Crowley ; \" Catholic Institute in Boston,\" Patrick A. Collins ; \n\"The State of the Church in Europe,\" Rev. Robert Fulton, S.J. \nThe great feature of Part III. of the Festival's programme was the \ndiscourse on \"The Duties of American Catholics,\" by the Rev. James \nKent Stone. Dr. Kent Stone had been a clergyman of the Episcopal \nChurch, and President of Hobart College, Geneva, N.Y. His con- \nversion was a direct result of the fatherly appeal of Pope Pius IX., \njust before the Vatican Council of 1869-70, to non-Catholic Chris- \ntians to return to the unity of the faith. This appeal was also the \ninspiration of Dr. Kent Stone's celebrated book, \"The Invitation \nHeeded.\" The author is now a member of the austere Passionist \nOrder, founded in the last century by St. Paul of the Cross ; and for \nseven years past has been doing wonderful missionary work in \nBuenos Ayres and other portions of the Argentine Republic and \nChili, S.A. \n\nOther notable events in the history of the Catholic Union have \nbeen the reception in honor of Cardinal Gibbons, March 12, 1888; \nand the celebration, at the Brunswick, of the Centenary of Washing- \nton's Inauguration, April 30, 1889. The new President, Judge James \nL. Walsh, was chairman; J. P. Leahy, Esq., toast-master. The \nformal addresses of the evening were : \" George Washington,\" by \nHon. Thomas J. Gargan; \"The Catholic Church,\" the Very Rev. \nWilliam Byrne, V.G. ; \" The United States of America,\" Thomas \n\n\nTHE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN BOSTON. 163 \n\nFlatley, Esq. Addresses were also made by the Rev. J. P. Bodfish, \nthe Rev. Leo. P. Boland, Spiritual Director of the Union, and ex- \nPresident Thomas F. Ring. \n\nCatholic temperance work in Boston received its first notable \nimpulse from the visit of Father Mathew, in 1849. \n\nThe city authorities gave him a public reception, and the use \nof Boston Common and Faneuil Hall for public meetings. On a \nsingle day, July 27, 1849, he gave the pledge to four thousand \npeople, Catholic and non-Catholic. \n\nAmong Boston priests eminent and successful in temperance \nwork we may name the Rev. Peter A. McKenna, now of Marlboro' ; \nthe Rev. Hugh Roe O'Donnell, of East Boston ; the Rev. James F. \nTalbot, D.D., of the Cathedral. Boston has a flourishing Arch- \ndiocesan Total Abstinence Union, with a membership, at latest \nreturns, of 3,667, and officered as follows: President, J. Crowley, of \nCambridge ; Vice-President, Stephen Anderson ; Secretary, Edward \nMulready ; Assistant Secretary, C. J. Fay ; Treasurer, the Rev. P. A. \nMcKenna. \n\nThe eighteenth annual convention of the Catholic Total Absti- \nnence Union of the United States was held in Tremont Temple, \nBoston, August 2 and 3, 1888, under the presidency of the Rev. \nThomas J. Conaty, D.D., of Worcester, Mass. There were delegates \nrepresenting 53,000 Catholic total abstainers. Among the eminent \nvisitors who addressed the Union were the Rt. Rev. John J. Keane, \nrector, and the Rev. Philip J. Garrigan, vice-rector, of the American \nCatholic University, Washington, D.C. ; the Rev. J. R. Slattery, \nrector of St. Joseph's Seminary, Baltimore, Md., for the education of \ncandidates for the negro missions of the South ; the Revs. Thaddeus \nHogan, Jersey City, NJ. ; Morgan M. Sheedy, Pittsburgh, Pa. ; J. \nM. Cleary, of Wisconsin ; and Walter Elliot, of the Paulist Fathers, \nNew York. Protestants and Catholics alike crowded the galleries \nduring the various sessions, and the revelation of the sound sense \nand effectiveness of Catholic methods of temperance reform was \nnot lost on workers in the good cause outside the Catholic \nChurch. \n\n\n164 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nBesides the associations above mentioned, every parish is well \nequipped with religious sodalities for men and women. \n\nTo summarize: Of Boston's 400,000 population, fully 225,000 \nare Catholics. Out of the total of children born in this city in a \nrecent year (1887), seven-twelfths were baptized in the various \nCatholic churches. These Catholics have 35 fine churches, at- \ntended by 125 priests. The thirty-sixth, St. Cecilia's, in the \nBack Bay district, is begun, and ground will soon be broken for \ntwo school-chapels in St. Joseph's parish, Roxbury. There is an \necclesiastical seminary with 81 students; a college with 275 ; three \nacademies for girls with- a total of 270 pupils, and 17 parochial \nschools with an attendance of over 10,000 boys and girls; three \nhospitals, five orphanages, two homes for the aged poor, a House of \nthe Good Shepherd, a Home for Working Boys, and a Home for \nWorking Girls. \n\nThese are eloquent figures, and voice truths no reasonable mind \ncan misunderstand, remembering how the seed of Catholicity was \nsowed on ungenial soil, in poverty and obscurity, and in the shadow \nof popular disfavor ; how it sprouted and strengthened, withstanding \nmany tempests, until now, deep-rooted, of towering . height and \ngiant girth, beautiful, indestructible, it gathers a vast multitude \nunder its grateful shade, and, Tree of Life as it is, puts forth its \nleaves for the healing of the nations. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES \n\n\nDISTINGUISHED MEN OF EARLY TIMES, \n\n\nSKETCHES OF DISTINGUISHED MEN OF EARLY \n\n. TIMES. \n\n\nJOHN HANCOCK. \n\nIT is stated by reliable authorities that the ancestors of John Han- \ncock emigrated from near Downpatrick, Down County, Ireland, \nand settled in Boston l towards the close of the seventeenth century.2 \nThe \" Hancocks have been for centuries actively and largely engaged \nin the foreign and domestic trade of Newry,\" 3 \nand it was doubtless in a commercial capac- \nity that the first of the name came to \nBoston. The family to which President Han- \ncock belonged is, it is said, now represented \nin Ireland by John Hancock, of Lurgan, \nDown County, and by Neilson Hancock, the \nfounder of the Irish Statistical Society. \n\nJohn Hancock was born at Braintree, Mass., JOHN HANCOCK. \n\nin 1737, and when quite young was left in the care of his father's \nbrother, a wealthy merchant of Boston, who sent him soon after to \nHarvard College, where he was graduated in 1754. He then became \na clerk in his uncle's office, and, going to England on business in 1761, \nmade the acquaintance of several of the leading public men there. \n\n1 Tyrone (Ireland) Constitution, quoted in \" Irish World,\" Centennial number, 1876. The writer \nadds : \" Those who are conversant with Reid's ' History of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland' \nare aware that multitudes of Protestants left Ulster for the plantations of North America, for \ncauses sufficiently explained in that authority. John Hancock's ancestor was amongst that \nnumber.\" \n\n* Anthony Hancock was in Boston in 1681. He came from Ireland. \n\n8 Article in Pittsburgh \" Leader,\" quoted in \" Irish World.\" The name appears in the \nrecords of the Irish Parliament. \n\n(167) \n\n\n168 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nHis uncle died in 1763, and left him great wealth, — the largest for- \ntune in New England. He became prominently identified with, and \na leader in, public affairs. In 1766 he represented Boston in the \nMassachusetts General Assembly. Incidentally his regard and gen- \nerosity were bestowed upon his kindred in Boston. An Irish Presby- \nterian congregation, whose first place of worship was a barn, had \nerected a church on the corner of Federal and Berry streets. Hancock \ngave them a bell and vane. The first pastor of this church, Rev. \nJohn Moorhead, entered the ministry in Ireland, and was installed \nin Boston in 1730,' becoming a member of the Charitable Irish \nSociety in 1739. It was to this church that the convention of \nwhich Hancock was president adjourned from the Old State-House, \nwhere it met to consider the adoption of the Federal Constitution in \nJanuary, 1788. \n\nHe was from the first a sturdy opponent of the methods by which \nthe London Parliament sought to injure and harass the colonists, and \nhis example, efforts, and influence contributed materially to the ad- \nvancement of the national cause. One of the earliest \" outrages,\" as \nthe English called them, committed by the people upon the govern- \nment officials, was caused by the seizure of Hancock's vessel, the \n\" Liberty,\" on a charge of containing concealed contraband goods. \n\" The people turned out, beat the officers, burned the government \nboat, and drove the officials to the fort in the harbor for safety.\" 2 \nHe delivered in 1774 the annual oration in commemoration of the \n\"Massacre\" of March 5, 1770, and was elected in the same year \npresident of the Provincial Congress of Massachusetts, and also a \ndelegate to the Continental Congress, which met in September, at \nPhiladelphia. On June 12, 1775, he was declared an \" outlaw\" by a \nproclamation of General Gage. In this document, \" martial law \" was \nproclaimed. Those in arms, and their friends, were declared \" rebels, \nparricides of the Constitution,\" and a free pardon was offered to all \nwho would return to their allegiance, except John Hancock and \nSamuel Adams. \n\n1 Drake's \" Landmarks of Boston,\" p. 263. \n* Lossing's \" Eminent Americans,\" p. 160. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\nHancock was again a delegate to the Continental Congress, in \n1775 ; and when Randolph, the first president, resigned through ill \nhealth fourteen days after it had met, the Massachusetts \" outlaw \" \nwas chosen to fill his place. On July 4, 1776, Hancock, as president \nof Congress, and Charles Thomson, of Maghera, as secretary ^ signed \nthe Declaration of Independence, when it was adopted, and with only \ntheir names attached to it \" was sent forth to the world,\" the other \nsignatures not being affixed to the document until August the second, \nfollowing. \n\nThe illustrious \" First Signer,\" on account of weakened health, \nresigned his seat in Congress in 1777. In the year following, how- \never, when Sullivan was preparing to attack the British on Rhode \nIsland, Hancock hastened to his aid at the head of the militia of \nMassachusetts, and took part in the stirring events near Bristol \nFerry in August, I778.1 The year following, he was elected \nGovernor of Massachusetts, a position which h*e continued to hold \nfor five consecutive years, when he declined a reelection. He was \nagain chosen Governor in 1787, and reflected annually until his \ndeath, which took place Oct. 8, 1793. \n\nMAJOR-GENERAL HENRY KNOX. \n\nMajor-General Henry Knox was born at Boston of Irish parents \nin 1750. When the Revolution commenced he was engaged in \nbusiness as a bookseller in his native city, \nbut he promptly sacrificed his personal in- \nterests in his zeal for the national cause. \n\n\" The man,\" says Peterson, \" who, of \nall others, stood first in Washington's affec- \ntions was Henry Knox, commander of the \nartillery in the American army. . The in- \ntellectual abilities of Knox were sound ; but \n\nGENERAL KNOX. \n\nit was his moral ones that were preeminently \n\ndeserving of esteem, and in consideration of which Washington \n\n1 Lossing's \" Eminent Americans.\" \n\n\n170 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nbestowed upon him the love and confidence of a brother. In every \naction where Washington appeared in person Knox attended him ; \nin every council of war he bore a part. His services at the head \nof the ordnance were invaluable. He assumed command of that \nbranch of the army in the first year of the war, and continued at its \nhead until the close of the contest. At the battle of Monmouth, \nthe manner in which he handled his guns awakened the admiration \nof the enemy, and, in fact, contributed more, perhaps, than anything \nelse to repel the last desperate assault. Greene had so high an \nopinion of Knox, that when Washington offered to the former the \ncommand of the Southern army, he proposed Knox in his stead. \nHis first connection with the artillery service occurred immediately \nafter the battle of Lexington. Knox had not been engaged in that \nstruggle ; but, a few days subsequently, he made his escape from \nBoston, and, joining his countrymen in arms at Cambridge, offered \nto undertake the arduous task of transporting from Ticonderoga \nand Canada the heavy ordnance and military stores captured there \nby the Americans. The energetic spirit of the young man, and the \nhandsome manner in which he executed a task abounding with what \nsome would have considered impossibilities, attracted the special \nnotice of Washington, 'and Knox, in consequence, was rewarded \nwith the command of this very artillery, most of which he employed \nwith good service in the 'siege of Boston. Thus at the age of \ntwenty-five he occupied one of the most responsible positions in \nthe army. From this period Knox remained with Washington,, tak- \ning part in all the principal battles fought by the Commander- \nin-Chief.\" \n\nWhen Cornwallis surrendered at Yorktown, Knox was promoted \nto the rank of major-general. He was in command of the American \ntroops when they marched into New York on its evacuation by the \nEnglish, Nov. 25, 1783, halting for a few hours near where now \nstands the armory of the Sixty-ninth Regiment, and then moving \nforward to take possession of Fort George, \" amid the acclamations \nof thousands of emancipated freemen and the roar of artillery \nupon the battery.\" When, on December 4, the principal officers of \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\nthe army assembled at Fraunce's Tavern to bid farewell to Wash- \nington, the latter entered the room where they were all waiting, and, \ntaking a glass of wine in his hand, expressed the wish that their \n\" latter days might be as prosperous and happy as their former ones \nhad been glorious and honorable.\" Then, having drunk, he said, \n\" I cannot come to each of you to take my leave, but shall be \nobliged to you if each will come and take me by the hand.\" Knox, \nwho stood next to him, grasped his hand, and then, \" while the \ntears flowed down the cheeks of each,\" the Commander-in-Chief \nembraced and kissed him, as he did afterwards the other officers. \nKnox succeeded Lincoln as Secretary of War under the old con- \nfederation, and in 1789, on the organization of the Federal Govern- \nment, he was chosen by Washington to fill the same position in his \ncabinet. He resigned in 1794, and went to live at Thomaston, \nMe. ' In 1798, when a foreign war seemed imminent, he was \nappointed to an important command ; but the trouble passed over, \nand he was not called on for active service. \n\nAt the age of twenty-two years, in 1772, Knox joined the Char- \nitable Irish Society, of Boston. His desire to mingle and be iden- \ntified with men of Irish origin was further shown in 1782, when he \nbecame a member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, of Philadel- \nphia. The Society of the Cincinnati was formed at his suggestion. \nHe died in 1806, at Thomaston, Me. \n\nHe was affable and unassuming in private life, as a public offi- \ncer thorough and capable, and as a soldier of unsurpassed daring. \n\nGOV. JAMES SULLIVAN. \n\nJames Sullivan was a most ardent and distinguished patriot of \nthe American Revolution, and he was equally noted for his masterly \nability as a lawyer, statesman, and orator. His father, John Sul- \nlivan, was an Irish schoolmaster, who had emigrated from Kerry or, \nas some say, Limerick, Ireland, to the Colonies, and settled in \nBerwick, Me., in '1723, and lived to see his two sons, James — the \nGovernor of Massachusetts — and John, become distinguished among \n\n\n172 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\ntheir fellow-countrymen, dying at the patriarchal age of one hun- \ndred and five years. \n\nJames was born in Maine, April 22, 1744, and was educated by \nhis father, who taught school for many years in Berwick. The \nprinciples of self-government and the right of the colonists, as free- \nmen, to resist the imposition of taxes other than those which were \nimposed by themselves and for their own benefit, were taught him, \nand deeply impressed on his young mind. \n\nNearly all the settlers in those days had farms, and James was \nwont to assist his father on his farm, which developed his muscular \nstrength. One day, while felling a tree, he accidentally injured his \nleg, which left one limb shorter than the other. \n\nThe weakness of his leg precluded hard manual labor, and he \ncommenced the study of law and was admitted to the bar. He \nquickly attracted attention and practice. He was an uncompro- \nmising opponent to taxation without representation, and made a firm \nstand against the claims of the home government. \n\nHe entered into the cause of American freedom heart and soul \nas the critical moment approached to strike a blow for liberty. In \n1776 he was a member of the Provincial Congress, and held the \nleading position of a judge of the Superior Court of his State. He \norganized troops for State and national defence, but his lameness \nprevented him from assuming command, which his generous spirit \nwould have gladly accepted were it not for that misfortune. He was \na member of the Continental Congress in 1782, also a member of \nthe Executive Council and Judge of Probate. When Maine was \nseparated from Massachusetts he took ^up his residence in the \nlatter. \n\nHe was elected to Congress from Massachusetts in 1788. He \nbecame Attorney-General of that State in 1790, and while in that \nposition projected the Middlesex Canal, and wrote the \" History of \nthe District of Maine,\" which the Legislature ordered to be pub- \nlished. He was elected Governor of Massachusetts in 1807, and re- \nelected in 1808, in which year he died. His son, Hon. William \nSullivan, was an eminent jurist and scholar, and wrote many valuable \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 173 \n\nworks. He was a member of the Legislature of Massachusetts for \nnearly twenty-six years, and died in 1839. \n\nThe mother of General Sullivan was a woman of great energy \nand spirit. There is a story told of a visit which she paid to her \ndistinguished son when he was Governor of New Hampshire, and \nhad as a guest his brother John. The servant, not knowing her, \nreplied that she could not see the Governor — he was engaged. \n\"But I must see him,\" said the old lady. — \"Then, madam, you will \nplease to wait in the ante-room.\" — \" Tell your master,\" said she, \nsweeping out of the hall, \" that the mother of two of the greatest \nmen in America will not wait in any one's ante-room.\" The Gov- \nernor having called his servant, on hearing the report said to his \nbrother, \"James, let us run after her; it's my mother for cer- \ntain.\" Accordingly the two governors sallied out, and soon over- \ntook and made their peace with the indignant but easily mollified \nlady. \n\nAs a lawyer, Gov. James Sullivan ranked among the very first, \nand he was retained in the most important cases which were within \nthe jurisdiction of the courts of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts \nat that time. A proof of his ability is manifested in his success over \nhis able opponents who were the legal luminaries of his day. They \nwere such men as Dexter, Otis, Dana, and Parsons, to none of whom \nhe was second. He had a commanding presence and dignity ; deep \nthought shone from his fine, expressive face. His distinguishing \ncharacteristics of mind were force, comprehensiveness, and repressed, \nbut intense, ardor; nothing escaped the piercing intensity of his \nscrutiny. His arguments were clear, close, pointed, and forcible, \nand always directed towards pertinent results, — no verbosity or clap- \ntrap for admiration, but aimed to secure conviction. Although he \nseldom summoned up his pathetic powers, he did not lack this char- \nacteristic of his race, for it is said that when he adopted pathos it \nproved as intense and irresistible as his other masterly qualities. \nAmong the works which he left are \"A History of the District of \nMaine,\" \" A Dissertation on Banks \" and on the \" Durability of \nStates,\" \" History of Land Titles in Massachusetts,\" \" The Consti- \n\n\n174 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\ntutional Liberty of the Press,\" \" History of the Penobscot Indians,\" \netc. He was a man of solid and extensive acquirements, and was \nhonored by one of the great seats of learning with the degree of \nLL.D. Some of his descendants are among living Bostonians. \n\nROBERT TREAT PAINE. \n\nRobert Treat Paine, according to very reliable authorities, \nwas of Irish descent. O'Hart tells us that \" Henry O'Neill, of \nDungannon, born in 1665, sixth in descent from Shane the Proud, \nPrince of Ulster, and cousin of Sir Neal O'Neill, who was killed \nat the battle of the Boyne, changed his name to Paine, which \nwas that of a maternal ancestor, after the surrender of Limerick, in \norder to preserve a portion of his estates. He entered the British \narmy, obtained grants of land in Cork County and other parts of \nIreland, and was killed in 1698 at Foxford, in Mayo. His youngest \nbrother, Robert, who also took the name of Paine, emigrated to \nAmerica a little before the occurrence alluded to. He was the \ngrandfather of Robert Treat Paine,\" the signer of the Declaration, \nwho was born at Boston, March II, 1731. He graduated at Har- \nvard, where he studied theology in 1 749, and acted as chaplain, in \n\n1 75 5, of the Provincial troops on the northern frontier. A little \nlater he visited Europe, and on his return studied law, settling, in \n1759, atTaunton, Mass., where he remained for several years. He \nwas one of the delegates in 1768 to the convention called by prom- \ninent men in Boston, when Governor Bernard dissolved the General \nCourt for refusing to rescind the circular letter sent to the other \ncolonies. \n\nHe conducted the prosecution of the English captain, Preston, \nand eight of his soldiers, when they were tried for their murderous \nwork in the \" Boston Massacre \" of March 5, 1770. In 1773 and \nthe year following, he was elected to the General Assembly of Mas- \nsachusetts, and was sent as a delegate to the Continental Congress \nfrom 1774 to 1778, voting for, and signing, the Declaration of Inde- \npendence. When, in 1780, the State Constitution of Massachusetts \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 175 \n\nwas adopted, he was made Attorney-General, which office he held \nuntil 1790, when he became a judge of the Supreme Court. In \n1804 he resigned his position, on account of deafness and other \ninfirmities of age, and died in 1814, at the age of eighty-three. \nO'Hart says that beside Henry and Robert O'Neill, — Paine's ances- \ntors, — there were two other brothers, Brian and John, who went to \nFrance after Sarsfield's surrender, and finally settled in Portugal. \nEight of their descendants, in 1807, when the French invaded the \nlast-named country, went with the royal family of Braganza to Brazil, \nwhere many of their offspring are now to be found. \n\n\nTHE CREHORE FAMILY. \n\nTeague Crehore — according to Savage's \" Genealogical Diction- \nary\"— was the earliest known person who bore this name, and he \nresided in Milton or Dorchester some time during the decade of \n1640-50. \n\nHe is said to have been stolen from his parents in Ireland, and \nhe was \" a mere child at the time.\" His name does not correspond \northographically with any Irish name, but, phonetically, the old- \nfashioned pronunciation, aspirating the \" h \" and accenting the last \nsyllable, corresponds with that of the Irish surname Krehan or \nKrahan. The more modern pronunciation is the reverse of the old, \nand corresponds with Creogh. \n\nThe earliest written evidence of Teague Crehore is an unre- \ncorded deed from John Gill to him of a parcel of salt-marsh, \nDecember, 1660. In 1670 he sold to Robert Bodcock a piece of \nland near Paul's Bridge, described as purchased by him from John \nSmith. His deed to Bodcock is upon record, Suffolk Records, lib. \n7, fol. 281. This land was near Paul's Bridge. He married, proba- \nbly about 1665, Mary, said to have been the daughter of Robert \nSpurr, of Dorchester. His death is recorded in Milton Records, \nJan. 3, 1695, aged fifty-five years. His widow administered, and \nthe inventory, etc., are found in Suffolk Probate Records, lib. \n\n\n176 THE IRISH IN BOSTON, \n\n10, fol. 723. She married Matthias Puffer, of Stoughton, May 14, \n1697. \n\nTeague left five living children. Timothy, the ancestor, proba- \nbly, of those bearing the name of Crehore, born Oct. 18, 1666, \nwho married, Feb. 10, 1688, Ruth Riol (Ryall), of Dorchester. \nHe died Aug. 15, 1739, and his headstone is in the Crehore lot, \nMilton cemetery. Another son, Benjamin, also survived Teague, \nbut no record appears of his having married. Three daughters, \nAnn, Rebecca, and Mary, married, respectively, Ebenezer Maxwell, \nof Bristol, Robert Pelton, of Dorchester, and Henry GloVer, of \nBristol. In 1714, the four last named united in conveyance of their \nshare of the paternal estate to their brother Timothy (Suffolk Rec- \nords, lib. 29, fol. 1 86). \n\nThe records show that Timothy added considerably to the \npaternal estate. He had a numerous family, ten in all, only two of \nwhom seemed to have continued the name, — Timothy, 3d, and \nJohn. The latter, who bore the title of \" captain,\" was the head of \na single line of males, all bearing the same name, who lived upon a \npart of the paternal estate, terminating, in the sixth generation \n(from Teague), with the death of John Arnold Crehore, who died \nJan. 21, 1677, leaving no issue. \n\nTimothy, 3d, like his father, was the progenitor of all now \nbearing the name of Crehore. He was born Dec. 3, 1689, \nmarried Mary Driscoll, of Dorchester, Dec. 24, 1712, and died \nDec. 26, 1755. He was a farmer, and lived upon a portion of \nhis father's farm, bordering the river, near Paul's Bridge, and is \nburied in Milton cemetery. He had three daughters, two of whom \ndied young; the other, Hepsibah, with his sons, Jedediah and \nWilliam, inherited his property, and the deed of partition, tri-partite, \nis now in possession of the family. \n\nJedediah lived on the estate of which he had become possessed, \nand it passed into the hands of his third son, John Shepard, whose \nsons, Charles C. and Jeremiah, resided on it as late as 1844. \n\nThe house now owned by Mrs. Lyman Davenport, the one by \nMrs. Green, and the next, adjoining the Bent property, are all of \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 177 \n\nthem situated upon this estate. William also had a number of \ndescendants, one of whom, Thomas Crehore, lived in Milton, and \nwas a well-known citizen. None of the family now bearing the \nname are residents of the town.1 \n\n\nREV. JOHN LYFORD. \n\nEarlier than the time when so much commotion was caused in, \nEngland by the many Irish people who had come to this country, \nand still desired to emigrate, we have on record in Savage's \" Gen- \nealogical Dictionary \" and Hubbard's \" History \" an account of the \nadvent of John Lyford. \n\nIt may be said that \" the Lords of the Committee for Foreign \nPlantations,\" as early as 1634, caused warrants to issue to stay the \nships bearing Irish immigrants ; but on petition of the ship captains, \nwho stated the prospective wealth that would accrue to England by \nthe settlement and development of the colonies in Newfoundland, \nthe vessels were released. \n\nJohn Lyford came from Ireland, and arrived in Plymouth in \n1624. He landed there with Winslow on the ship \" Charity.\" \nLyford was hired by the \"Adventurers \" of London, approved of \nby them as an able minister who was willing to risk his life in \na wilderness, and with his family, who came with him, to heroically \nendure many hardships in a strange land, that he might enjoy the \nliberty of his own judgment in matters of religion. \n\nHe discovered a great difference between religious Ireland and \nthe religious tenets of Plymouth. The Pilgrims disliked his teach- \nings, many of whom had been previously taught by Robinson. It \nis thought that Lyford travelled over much territory adjacent to \nPlymouth, and passed through Boston, preaching and exhorting \npersons to accept his instructions. \n\n1 The History of Milton, Teele. \n\n\n178 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nWILLIAM HIBBINS. \n\nHe was one of the Irish pioneers of the New England colony. He \nemigrated from Ireland on board the \" Mary and John,\" and arrived \nhere in 1634. He married a widow named Mrs. Anne Moore, who \nwas a sister of Richard Bellingham, Governor of Massachusetts.1 \n\nWilliam Hibbins was held in high esteem by the towns-people \nof Boston, and as a magistrate and an agent of the colony in England \nhe was regarded by the colonists as an important man. He is re- \nputed to have been possessed of wealth, which doubtless added to \nhis popularity here. \n\nHe died in 1654. Mrs. Hibbins died by hanging in 1656, by \norder of the General Court, to expiate her alleged crime of witchcraft. \n\nNo jury could be found to convict her, and she suffered death \nat the hands of the ignorant and prejudiced authorities. She be- \nqueathed her property to her two sons in Ireland, — John and Joseph \nMoore, of Ballyhorick, in the county of Cork.2 \n\n\nBENJAMIN CREHORE. \n\nOur subject was a descendant of old Teague Crehore, of Ireland. \nBenjamin Crehore was born in Milton, and always lived there ; his \nmany business transactions in Boston, as well as his constant inter- \ncourse with the Boston men of his day, made him notable. \n\nRemarkable as it may appear, Benjamin Crehore manufactured \nthe first bass-viols ever made in this country, and it came about in \nthis way: In 1798 he was engaged by the proprietors of the old \nFederal-street Theatre to assist in constructing the mechanical stage \nappliances for the play of the \" Forty Thieves,\" then in rehearsal. \n\nHe showed much inventiveness and skill in the nice adjustment \n\n1 Bellingham (Richard), colonial deputy from 1635 to 1636; 1640 to 1641; 1653 to 1654; and \n1655 to 1665 ; Governor of Massachusetts, 1641, 1654, 1665 ; born 1592 ; died 1672. He was a law- \nyer, and one of the original patentees of the colony. \n\nSee Suffolk Deeds, vol. viii., fol. 83, 84 ; also fol. 180-183. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 179 \n\nand execution of the intricate details of stage machinery, which \ngreatly pleased the managers, and later, his services were demanded \nfrequently. The leader of the orchestra, whose name was Peter von \nHagen, came to him one day with a broken bass-viol, which had \nbeen considered useless, no one being found to mend it, and the \nband needed it greatly. \n\nMr. Crehore's ingenuity received quite a test when he under- \ntook to repair the instrument, for he was wholly unused to the work. \nHe successfully repaired the viol, however, and it was pronounced by \nmusicians to be improved in tone. This led to his commencing the \nmanufacture of bass-viols in this country, and they rivalled those im- \nported from other lands. Mr. John Preston, of Hyde Park, Mass., \npossessed one of these instruments. \n\nAbout the beginning of the present century, Deacon Nathan \nMartin C. Martin, the Milton postmaster for many years, a singer of \nnote and a good musician, was on a visit at Thomaston, Me. On a \ncertain Sunday he attended divine service there, and was invited to \na seat in the choir, where he found a large bass-viol, which he tried, \nbefore the beginning of the religious services, and highly praised its \nsuperior tone. \n\nThe man who played the instrument told Deacon Martin that \nit was valued highly, not only on account of its fine tone, but also for \nits antiquity. \" Ah,\" said Deacon Martin, \" an old instrument, is it? \" \n— \" Yes,\" said the musician, \" a very old instrument ; we do not know \nexactly how old, but it is something more than two hundred years \nold.\" This aroused the curiosity of the deacon, who was an anti- \nquarian, to examine it minutely, and peering through the sound-holes, \nhe read on a piece of paper pasted within,1 — \n\n\nBEN CREHORE, MAKER, MILTON. \n\n\nMr. Crehore's shop in Milton soon became the repository of un- \nrepaired musical instruments of varied descriptions and kinds, and, \n\n1 History of Milton, Teele. \n\n\n180 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nstrange to relate, a piano- forte was among these. His ready tact and \nskill served him in mastering a knowledge of this, as of other things \nwhich required much patience and perseverarice. \n\nIts parts, mechanism, and movements were all familiar to him in \na short time, and he began the manufacture of this popular instrument. \n\n\" The first piano-forte made in the United States was manufactured \nby Benjamin Crehore, in his shop at Milton, A.D. 1800.\" * \n\nBenjamin Crehore had planted the seed of an enterprise which \nto-day is as extensive as our continent. One of the largest and most \nsuccessful piano manufactories in America sprung from his humble \nbeginning. The inventive talent of Mr. Crehore could not lie dor- \nmant, and he sought some new venture after having transferred the \npiano business over to Lewis Babcock, a Milton boy who had been \napprenticed to him, and also William and Adam Bent, who had been \nemployed by him in the making of pianos. The War of 1812 had \ncome to an end, when Dean Weymouth, a Southerner, who had lost \nhis left leg in the service of his native land, took up residence in \nMilton for the purpose of acquiring an education that would be suit- \nable for the condition of things then existing. He had a charming \nmanner and an attractive and gentlemanly bearing, which made him \nmany friends. Among these was Benjamin Crehore, who conceived \nthat the best way in which he could befriend the young man would \nbe by rendering aid to his amputated leg. \n\nHis idea was practically carried out, and after much labor the \nsoldier-student was made happy by the possession of a wooden leg \nmade by the ingenious Crehore. The leg had joints at the knee, at \nthe ankle, and in the foot, nicely adjusted by straps, and with \nsufficient elasticity to render its use easy and comfortable. Capt. \nLewis Vose, a saddler by trade, and Crehore's neighbor, supplied the \nstraps, covering, and padding for the leg. This invention created a \ngreat deal of talk at the time of its completion, as it was the first \nexperiment of the kind ever made in America. \n\nThe leg disappeared after it had been returned to Mr. Crehore \n\ni History of Milton, Teele. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 181 \n\nby the soldier-student, who could not pay for it, and its whereabouts \nremain enshrouded in mystery to this day. \n\n\nGEORGE DOWNING. \n\nThe subject of this sketch was the son of Emmanuel Downing, \nwho married a sister of John Winthrop, Governor of Massachusetts. \nEmmanuel Downing arrived in this country in 1638, and his family \nfollowed him some years later. George was born in Dublin, Ireland, \nin 1624, and studied at Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass., where ( \nhe graduated with the first class which completed the course of \nstudy at that institution. \n\nHis name appears on the list of the alumni. He was a \npreacher in the army under General Fairfax, and was afterwards \nheard of in the Scotch army, and as an ambassador in the Low \nCountries. He captured three of the regicides of Charles L, one of \nwhom was his old commander, Key. In 1654 he married Lady \nFrances Howard, sister of the first Earl of Carlisle. \n\n\nANTHONY GULLIVER. \n\nAnthony Gulliver was born in Ireland in 1619, died in Milton, \nNov. 28, 1706. After removing from Braintree to Unquity in 1646, \nhe bought land of Edward and Richard Hutchinson, sons and heirs \nof Richard Hutchinson, which was bounded north by Gulliver's \nCreek. He married Elenor, daughter of Stephen Kinsley, who bore \nhim five sons and four daughters, — Lydia, born 1651, married James \nLeonard; Samuel, born 1653, died 1676; Jonathan, born Oct. 27, \n1659; Stephen, born 1663; John, born Dec. 3, 1669; Hannah, \nmarried Tucker; Mary, married Atherton; Elizabeth, born Nov. \n6, 1671 ; Nathaniel, born Nov. 10, 1675, married Hanna Billings. \n\nAbout 1850 his house stood on Squantum street, Milton. \nWhen the building was demolished, the brick chimney was exam- \nined, and it was found to have been composed of imported brick, \n\n\n182 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nwhich bore the inscription \" 1 680.\" The house was at one time \nknown as the Rawson House, — a name adopted from David Raw- \nson, who had married into the Gulliver family. \n\nAnthony Gulliver became the possessor of a large tract of land \nin the heart of the town, most of which is now a part of the estate \nof Col. H. S. Russell. This property was owned and occupied by \nthe Gulliver family for many years, and some of his descendants \nhave lived on the land near by ever since. Lieut. Jonathan Gulliver, \nsecond son of Anthony, and a leading man of his day, married \nTheodora, daughter of Rev. Peter Thacher, the first pastor of Milton. \nAnthony Gulliver was the ancestor of a large number of able and \ninfluential men and women, who have been prominent in the history \nof church and town affairs of Milton for nearly two hundred years. \n\nSome members of the family still remain among our citizens. \nSuch forms of spelling the original name often appear as : Caliphar, \nColliford, Cullifer, Gulliwer, Gouliver, Gullwer, Gullifer. \n\nCapt. Lemuel Gulliver, who once lived at Algerine Corner, \nreturned to Ireland in 1723, and gave a glowing description of the \nAmerican country to his neighbor, Jonathan Swift. Lemuel's \nimagination was vivid and fanciful, and he turned it to a quaint \naccount in this instance. He declared to Swift that \" the frogs \nwere as tall as his knees, and had musical voices that were guitar- \nlike in their tones ; the mosquitoes' bills were as long as darning- \nneedles ; \" and from these exaggerated and fabulous accounts of the \ncountry, the great Swift conceived and wrote the famous \" Gulliver's \nTravels,\" which was published in 1726, displaying a unique union of \nmisanthropy, satire, irony, ingenuity, and humor. In a letter from \nPope to Swift, dated 23d March, 1727-28 (Bishop Warburton's ed., \n1766, vol. ix., 76), appears the following: — \n\nI send you a very odd thing, a paper printed in Boston, in New England, \nwherein you'll find a real person, a member of their Parliament, of the name of \nJonathan Gulliver. \n\nA person of the same name represented the town of Milton in \nthe General Court in 1727, and received his name in 1659, before \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 183 \n\neither of the wits were born; although Pope happily adds that, \n\"perhaps he was an Anabaptist, unchristened till of full age.\" \n\n\nJames Boies was recognized as a . faithful citizen, an earnest \npatriot, a prominent manufacturer, 'and a projector of many valuable \nenterprises, and one whose business relations with his contemporaries \nwere of the most honorable kind, and of value to the community in \nwhich he lived. Mr. Boies was born in Ireland in 1702, and died \nin Milton, Mass., July n, 1798, at the advanced age of ninety-six \nyears. He married as second wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Jeremiah \nSmith, his fellow-countryman, and grandfather of Hon. Henry L. \nPierce. \n\nMr. Boies settled in Dorchester in the middle of the eighteenth \ncentury, and in his younger day he acted as supercargo on vessels \nemployed in bringing emigrants from Ireland to New England. He \nbecame familiarly known as \" Captain Boies,\" and had great business \ncapacity. On the 1 3th of September, 1 759, he was with General Wolfe \nin the battle on the Plains of Abraham. In 1775 General Washington \nappointed him to take charge of the transportation of the fagots of \nbirch and swamp-brush which had been piled up at Little Neck the \nprevious winter. Captain Boies directed the work, and three hun- \ndred teams were engaged in transporting the material to Dorchester \nHeights, with which they were fortified, and the evacuation of Boston \nfollowed. The British army, under General Howe, numbered eight \nthousand troops, and they sailed for Halifax in a hundred and twenty \nvessels. Captain Boies was one of a committee of three who drew \nup instructions for the representatives of Milton on May 28, 1776, \nwherein was voted that the colony would support the Continental \nCongress with their lives and fortunes if it should declare the United \nColonies of North America independent of Great Britain. And the \nrepresentatives were directed to act accordingly in the General \nAssembly. \n\n\n184 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nIn 1765 Ebenezer Storer sold his half of the old powder-mill \nestate, in Milton, to James Boies, who in turn sold the same to \nEdward Wentworth, which goes to show that even at that early time \nIrishmen were among the thrifty and energetic land-owners. In the \nsame year he built a paper-mill on the slitting-mill site, and conveyed \nto Richard Clark. The old house near the paper-mill at Mattapan \nwas built by Captain Boies for his own residence ; soon after he pur- \nchased the mill estate, June 29, 1765, he conveyed to Richard Clark \nthe \" northerly half of the dwelling-house in which he lived, and six \nacres of pasture-land bounded northerly on the ditch.\" Mr. Boies \nwas interested in paper-mills and the manufacture of paper as early \nas 1 760, when he had secured the services of Richard Clark, a skilful \nworkman, who conducted the business with ability for five years, when, \nin company with Mr. Boies, he started the paper business in a new \nmill at Mattapan. \n\nIn 1778 Mr. Boies bought the slitting-mill property, which was \nthe first mill started in the provinces for slitting iron. His son-in- \nlaw, Hugh McLean, had been in partnership with him since 1771, and \nin 1790 they made partition of their business, and it fell to Mr. \nMcLean. \n\nJeremiah Smith, Hugh McLean, and James Boies may be said \nto be the founders and early promoters of the paper industry of \nDorchester. \n\nAbout 1795 a young man from New Jersey, named Mark \nHollingsworth, was given employment in one of these mills, and \nafter the deaths of Boies and McLean he, in company with Edward \nTileston, became possessed of the mills and water privileges. The \ndescendants of Messrs. Tileston and Hollingsworth carry on the \nbusiness to this day in the same locality. \n\nJames Boies was the father of Jeremiah Smith Boies, who grad- \nuated at Harvard College in 1783. He was for a time engaged in \nmanufacturing with his father, on the Neponset river. After his \nfather's death, however, he sold out, moved to Boston, and was \nelected an alderman. \n\nThe following quaint advertisement is from the \" Boston News \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 185 \n\nLetter\" of March 23, 1769, which was the method of getting stock \nfor the paper-mill of James Boies: — \n\nADVERTISEMENT. — The Bell Cart will go through Boston before the end of \nnext month to collect Rags for the Paper Mills at Milton, when all people that will \nencourage the Paper Manufacture may dispose of them. They are taken in at Mr. \nCaleb Davis' Shop at the Fortification ; Mr. Andrew Gillespie's, near Dr. Clark's ; \nMr. Andreas Randal's, near Phillip's Wharf; and Mr. John Boris' in Long Lane; \nMr. Frothingham's in Charlestown ; Mr. Edson's, in Salem, Mr. John Hariss', in \nNewbury ; Mr. Daniel Fowle's in Portsmouth ; and the Paper Mill at Milton. \n\nRags are beauties which concealed lie; \nBut when in paper how it charms the eye ! \nPray save your rags, new beauties to discover, \nFor of paper truly every one's a lover. \nBy pen and press such knowledge is displayed \nAs wouldn't exist if paper was not made ; \nWisdom of things mysterious, divine, \nIllustriously doth on paper shine. \n\nEarly New England manufacturers were dependent on English \nartisans, in a great measure, for skilled work in special lines of pro- \nduction, as but few in this country knew the business. The paper \nindustry stood in greater need of American workmen than almost \nany other, and the importance and immense value to be attached \nto the successful efforts and enterprise of the three Irishmen who \nfathered the movement can never be overestimated. \n\nJames Boies and Hugh McLean petitioned the Congress, of the \nProvince of the Massachusetts Bay, assembled at Watertown, on \nMay 15, 1775, that John Slater, James Colder, William Durant, and \nWilliam Pierce, then enlisted in the provincial army, be released \nfrom the service, as they had attained so great a knowledge of the \nart of paper-making that their attendance in the business was abso- \nlutely necessary to its being carried on. These men had worked at \nthe petitioners' mills for two years previous to 1775, and it was \ndeemed necessary to obtain their services again. On the following \nday Boies and McLean received a favorable reply from the Provin- \ncial Congress, and their petition was granted. \n\n\n186 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nJEREMIAH SMITH. \n\nJeremiah Smith was born in Ireland in 1705. In 1726 he came \nto Boston with his wife, and in 1737 moved to Milton. He was a \nneighbor and intimate friend of Governor Hutchinson, with whom \nhe was a great favorite. Mr. Smith was also very intimate with \nGovernor Hancock, at whose hospitable board the wits of the day \nwere ever welcome, and Mr. Smith was never absent, except volun- \ntarily. He was the grandfather of Hon. Henry L. Pierce and \nEdmund J. Barker, of Dorchester; also, great-grandfather of ex- \nGovernor Henry J. Gardner. His death occurred at Milton, in 1790. \n\nOn Sept 13, 1728, the General Court passed an act granting the \nexclusive privilege to make paper in this province for a term of ten \nyears to some Boston merchants. Among them were Thomas Han- \ncock and Benjamin Faneuil. A fine of twenty shillings was imposed \non every ream manufactured by anybody else. These gentlemen \nleased a building at what is now Milton Lower Mills. Henry Deer- \ning acted as agent and superintendent. These gentlemen carried on \nthe business until 1737, when it came under the superintendency of \nJeremiah Smith. \n\nIn 1741 he was enabled to purchase the mill from the heirs of \nRev. Joseph Belcher, of Dedham, with seven acres of land laying on \nboth sides of the Neponset river, and bounded by the public landing \nand also the county road. Mr. Smith continued to carry on the \nbusiness until 1775, when, having accumulated a fortune, he sold out \nto his son-in-law, Daniel Vose, and retired from active business. If \nto Mr. Smith belongs the credit of being the first individual paper \nmanufacturer, to others of his countrymen is due the fact that the \nNeponset river was made by them the basis of paper manufacturing \nin the North American colonies, which, in a measure, lasts to this \nday. \n\nJOHN HANNAN. \n\nOne morning, in the fall of the year 1764, a distressed wayfarer \nwas seen sitting upon a rock at the Lower Mills, in Dorchester, \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 187 \n\nweeping; he attracted the interest and sympathy of a benevolent \nindividual. The latter inquired into his circumstances, and teamed \nthat his name was John Hannan, an Irishman. He was a chocolate- \nmaker by trade, and reported that he had come to this country to \nimprove his condition, — that he was friendless, homeless, and \npenniless. \n\nThe sympathetic stranger referred him to Mr. James Boies, as \nan Irishman of ample means, who, with Messrs. Wentworth & Storer, \nwere constructing mills up the stream. Mr. Boies carefully ques- \ntioned him, and, satisfied with the truthfulness of his story, as well \nas inspired with confidence in Hannan's ability, employed him. \nMessrs. Boies, Wentworth, and Storer were then erecting a new mill \non the site of the old powder-mill in Milton, and these gentlemen \nbecame interested benefactors of John Hannan. Boies built a \nchocolate-mill for Hannan, on the spot where now stands the \nfamous, spacious, and commodious chocolate establishment of \nHenry L. Pierce, the descendant of an Irish settler named Jere- \nmiah Smith; and on that site, in the spring of 1765, John Hannan \nmanufactured the first chocolate made in the British Provinces of \nNorth America. \n\n. In 1768 Barlow Trecothic bought the mill property, and Han- \nnan was compelled to leave. He opened a small shop in Boston, — \nby the assistance of Mr. Edward Preston, who put one kettle \nand other necessary apparatus into his fulling-mill in Dorchester, \nand there made chocolate for him until 1775, when a fire destroyed \nthe building. Hannan then hired the mill in which he was at first \nemployed, of the agent of the trustees of Trecothic, who had died in \nLondon, and engaged in the chocolate business on his own account. \nHe employed a boy named Nathaniel Blake, to learn the business. \nHannan was married to Elizabeth Gore, of Boston, in 1773, and \nthey selected Dorchester as a place of residence. \n\nHis married life was unhappy and unfortunate, and so affected \nhim that he left his wife, after closing his business, in 1779. He \ncaused a false report to be circulated about his departure for the \nWest Indies to purchase cocoa ; but, in reality, he had started for \n\n\n188 THE IRISH IN BOSTON, \n\nIreland, never to come back. He was never heard from afterwards, \nand it is conjectured that he was drowned at sea, or died on the pas- \nsage, without having revealed his true name. The widow Hannan \nattempted to carry on the making of chocolate, by the assistance of \nthe Blake boy. The boy, like her late husband, took to his heels, \nand fled the premises, unable to tolerate her disposition. \n\nIt may be well to add that the importance of the industrial \nevent introduced by John Hannan can be readily seen and appre- \nciated to-day. From the year 1765, when this Irishman first started \nhis valuable enterprise, the industry has steadily grown, until now its \nvastness is as extensive as the continent. Its influence is felt through- \nout the great commercial centres of the world. Dr. James Baker \ntook up the business in 1772, and the honorable and successful \nrecord of the house under the late management of our ex-Mayor \nHenry L. Pierce is well known, and bids us look back into the days \nof Irish John Hannan, to whose knowledge and labors in the incep- \ntion of this immense business we are indebted. \n\n\nHUGH MCLEAN. \n\nHugh McLean was born in Ireland in 1724. In his younger \ndays he followed the sea. While in this occupation he became \nacquainted with his countryman, Captain Boies, and was induced to \nsettle in Milton. It was during his residence in Milton that Mr. \nMcLean married Agnes, a daughter of Captain Boies. While in \npartnership with his father-in-law he accumulated a considerable \nfortune. He was father of John McLean, the benefactor of Harvard \nCollege and the Massachusetts General Hospital. \n\nHugh McLean owned and occupied the Jackson house, at Milton \nUpper Mills, on the west side of Blue Hill avenue, now owned by \nthe heirs of George Hollingsworth, where he resided during his life. \nHe died in Milton, December, 1799, at the good old age of seventy- \nfive years. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 189 \n\n\nJOHN McLEAN. \n\nThis benevolent public benefactor, humanitarian, and worthy \nson of a worthy Irish father and Irish-American mother, was born in \nMilton in 1761. At the time of John McLean's birth, his mother \nwas the guest of Jeremiah Smith, at Milton Lower Falls. His father \nwas then at St. George, transacting business of importance. She \npreferred to remain among her kindred until his return, for H^he Smith, \nBoies, and McLean families were most intimately affiliated by race \nties and relationship. \n\nPresident Quincy, in his \" History of Harvard College,\" states \nthat John McLean was born in St. George. He lived at Milton \nwith his father until he reached man's estate, and married Ann \nAmory, of the honorable and respected Amory family of Boston. \nBusiness adversity embarrassed Mr. McLean during the latter part \nof the eighteenth century, which was caused by an unfortunate \ndecree of the French Council. \n\nA few years later he invited all of his creditors to a supper at \nthe Exchange Coffee House, in Boston, where the sterling integrity \nwhich was the basis of his noble character manifested itself by a most \npleasing and substantial act. When his guests assembled at the \ntable every man found under his plate a check for the full amount of \nhis debt, principal and interest. \n\nHis handsome countenance and commanding figure were very \nmuch admired, and the magnetic quality1 of his social and genial \nnature captivated those who had the honor of his acquaintance or \nfriendship. He was rarely seen walking in the streets of Boston for \nseveral years, having become afflicted with the gout, which compelled \nhim to ride in his carriage whenever he desired an outing. \n\nThe War of 1812 had scarcely begun when he was actively \nengaged in molasses speculation, and he bought all of this article \nthat could be purchased, held it until its value rose, and cleared \n$100,000 out of this enterprise. \n\nThe Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard College are \n\n\n190 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nmonumental edifices to his memory and generosity. He made the \nformer his residuary legatee. The Massachusetts General Hospital, \nat the time of incorporation, was given $100,000 by the State, to \nfund it, with the stipulation that it might bear the name of any bene- \nfactor who should contribute a large sum. Mr. McLean's legacy \nwas in excess of that amount. Notwithstanding, instead of justly \ninscribing his name on the Massachusetts General Hospital, they \nplaced it on the institution for the insane at \"Barrels Farm,\" the \n\" McLean Asylum for the Insane.\" The sum of $43,062.93 has \nbeen realized from his bequests to Harvard College to the year 1 886. \n\nHe left many private legacies, amounting to many thousands of \ndollars. He made the minister and deacons of the First Church, \nMilton, the legatees of a trust fund of $2,000, the income of which \nis annually given to the poor ; and the same sum was bequeathed to \nthe Federal-street Church, Boston, to be used for a similar object \n\nOn Blue Hill avenue, to-day, can be seen many milestones \nbearing these words, \"J. McLean, 1823.\" He requested Mr. Isaac \nDavenport, his partner in business, to place them at certain distances \nalong the road ; and, after Mr. McLean's death, which occurred before \nthe work was finished, his name was inscribed on these distance \nindices by Mr. Davenport's instructions. Should the reader ever \npass that way, let him reflect upon the good life of John McLean, \nwhose Irish heart was warm, and throbbed as fast for his fellow-man \nas any of his race, and no hand was ever more ready to extend relief \nto the needy and suffering. On history's page will ever be written \nof him, He was a noble man. \n\nJOHN SINGLETON COPLEY. \n\nThis eminent American artist was born in Boston, Mass., in 1737, \nof Irish parents. He was the son of Richard Copley and Mary \nSingleton, who had emigrated from the County Clare, Ireland, on the \npreceding year. Richard Copley was in poor health on his arrival \nin America, and went to the West Indies to recuperate and improve \nhis failing strength. He died there in 1737, and his widow married \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 191 \n\nPeter Pelham, an engraver of Boston, by whom she had a son, — \nHenry. John had a strong penchant for art when but a boy, and \ndeveloped it, uninstructed, without models or assistance, either in \ndrawing or coloring. He had native genius, industry, and taste, by \nwhich he was aided in painting a picture of his half-brother, — Henry \nPelham, — which he sent to Benjamin West, in 1760, to be entered in \nthe Royal Academy, and which West declared was superb in color- \ning, as well as artistic in design and drawing. It was named \" The \nBoy and the Flying Squirrel.\" A flattering letter from West, urging \nCopley to come to England and make his home with him at his \nhouse, strongly tempted the young artist; but he resolved to remain \nwith his mother, and assist her to maintain the family. \n\nIn 1769 he married Susannah Farnum Clarke, the daughter of a \nrich Boston merchant, agent for the East India Company, and the \nconsignee of the famous cargo of tea which was steeped in Boston \nHarbor by an improved order of Red Men. Copley now fixed his \nresidence on Beacon Hill, then a charming and beautiful suburb, \nwhich included seven acres of what is now a densely populated part \nof Boston. He pursued his art zealously, and with great success, \nwhile on this historic spot, and painted many of the distinguished \npeople of his day. He visited New York in 1771, where he \npainted a miniature of Washington. \n\nHe embarked for Europe in June, 1 774, to see and study Euro- \npean art, particularly the works of the masters. He sailed for \nEngland, where he remained sufficiently long to acquaint himself with \nthe leading artists and works of art, and then passed into Italy. \nHere he was enchanted beyond expression with the beauties in \nnature and art. He remained in Rome some time, and collected val- \nuable specimens of art in plaster-casts. He was in Parma two \nmonths, making a copy of \" St. Jerome,\" for Lord Grosvenor, and \nimproving in art studies. This copy is said to be unsurpassed. In \nJune, 1775, his wife and family, excepting an infant left with his \nmother in Boston, arrived in England on the last vessel (the \" Mi- \nnerva,\" Captain Callahan) which left Massachusetts Bay as a British \ncolony. \n\n\n192 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nThe threatening war impelled the devoted wife to go to her hus- \nband, as she knew art could not flourish here during the struggle, and \nshe desired that the development of his genius might not be retarded. \nHer father was a Tory, and went to England; that, too, induced \nher to leave America and join her husband. Copley's letters to \nhis mother show him to have been in sympathy with the cause of \nthe American colonists, and a strong defender of colonial rights. \n\nHe then predicted the triumph of the colonists. Copley took \nup his residence in London after having left the continent, and made \nhis home there with his wife and children, who had arrived shortly \nbefore. His brilliant career now began to shine forth as a painter of \nportraits and historical subjects. He was among the first artists of \nthat day. His works include \" A Boy rescued from a Shark in the \nHarbor of Havana,\" — a most thrilling and life-like effort, which has \nbeen engraved in mezzotint by Val. Green ; \" The Red Cross Knight,\" \nfrom Spencer's \" Fairy Queen ; \" \" A Family Picture,\" representing his \nown family, including his father-in-law, Mr. Clarke, — an excellent \nwork, and said by connoisseurs to equal Van Dyke's best ; \" The \nWestern Family ; \" \" The Three Princesses,\" daughters of George \nIII. ; \" The Death of Lord Chatham,\" engraved by Bartolozzi, and \nwhich increased the fame of Copley by its realistic impressiveness \nand power ; \" The Siege of Gibraltar,\" painted for the city of London, \nin 1790, and hanging in the Council Chamber of Guild Hall (Copley \nhad the honors of an academician conferred on him during the same \nyear) ; \" Charles I. demanding the Impeached Members ; \" \" The \nDeath of Major Pierson,\" which the Duke of Wellington pronounced \nto be the only battle-piece which faithfully depicted the scene, or that \nwas entirely satisfactory to him ; \" Abraham's Sacrifice ; \" \" Hagar \nand Ishmael ; \" \" Saul reproved by Samuel ; \" \" The Nativity ; \" \n\"The Tribute Money;\" \" Samuel and Eli; \" \" Monmouth refusing \nto give the Names of his Accomplices to James II. ; \" \" The ' Offer ' \nof the Crown to Lady Jane Grey ; \" besides innumerable others in \nportraiture, etc. \n\nIt was Copley's heartfelt wish to return to America, and again \nestablish his home on Beacon Hill ; but his property had been alien- \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 193 \n\nated by his Boston agent, and Copley was unable to secure pos- \nsession. His son, who became Lord Lyndhurst, came expressly to \nBoston to recover his father's property, but failed. This son became \na famous lawyer, and afterward Lord Chancellor, and was elevated to \nthe peerage. Copley died in London, Sept. 9, 1815, aged seventy- \neight years. \n\n\nLORD JOHN SINGLETON COPLEY LYNDHURST. \n\nHe was a distinguished jurist and legislator of Great Britain, \nand a son of Copley, the Irish-American painter. He was born in \nBoston, Mass., May 21, 1772. He and his mother went to England \nin 1774, and joined his father, who was there practising his profession. \nJohn Singleton Copley Lyndhurst graduated from Cambridge in \n1794, and became a Fellow at Trinity College. He came to \nAmerica to recover the paternal estate which had been hypothe- \ncated by an agent, but failed ; for that reason the family remained \nin England. Our subject was called to the bar in 1802, and won \ndistinction. \n\nHe was a sergeant-at-law in 1813, and Chief Justice of Chester \nin 1817. He entered Parliament as a Tory in 1818, and was knighted \nand made Solicitor-General in 1819; was counsel of George IV. in \nthe trial of Queen Catherine, 1820, and became Attorney-General \nin 1823; represented Cambridge in Parliament in 1826, and was \nmade Master of the Rolls. In 1827 he was appointed Lord \nChancellor, and raised to the Peerage as Baron Lyndhurst ; was Chief \nBaron of the Exchequer in 1830, and High Steward of Cambridge \nUniversity in 1840. He died in London, October 12, 1863. He \nwas a bigot ; he opposed Catholic emancipation, was an ultra Tory, \nand the son of a patriot. \n\nCHARLES JACKSON. ^^ \n\nCharles Jackson, an able and distinguished American jurist, was \nthe son of Jonathan Jackson, a prominent and popular merchant who \n\n\n194 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nhad emigrated with his parents from Ireland, and settled in Newbury- \nport, Mass., where Charles was born, May 31, 1775 ; died in Boston, \nDecember 13, 1855. He graduated from Harvard College in 1793, \nand entered the law-office of Theophilus Parsons, where he remained \nfor three years. He then established an office, in which he acquired \na lucrative practice and an enviable reputation. He removed to \nBoston in 1803, and immediately became one of the foremost law- \nyers of the bar. \n\nHe then formed a partnership with Judge Samuel Hubbard, and \ntheir business was said to have been the most profitable and success- \nful in New England up to that day. He was chosen a judge of the \nSupreme Court of Massachusetts, which office he held for ten years, \nand then resigned on account of poor health. In 1820 he was a \nleading member of the convention which amended the State Consti- \ntution, and in 1832 was one of the commissioners to revise the General \nStatutes of the State. He published a treatise on \" Pleadings and \nPractice in Real Actions,\" and contributed many valuable papers to \nAmerican jurisprudence. \n\n\nJAMES JACKSON. \n\nJames Jackson, an eminent American physician, was a younger \nbrother of Judge Charles Jackson ; he was born in Newburyport, \nOctober 3, 1777, and studied at Harvard College, where he graduated \nin 1796, and afterwards entered the office of Dr. Holyoke, of Salem, \nMass., where he studied for two years. He went to London in \n1802, and accepted the position of dresser in St. Thomas's Hospital, \nand attended the lectures at that place, and also those given at Guy's \nHospital. He was abroad two years, returned to Boston and prac- \ntised his profession. \n\nHe was chosen Professor of Clinical Medicine at Harvard \nCollege, and about this time he and Dr. Warren were principals in \nestablishing an asylum for the insane at Somerville, Mass., and the \nMassachusetts General Hospital at Boston, of which he was the first \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 195 \n\nphysician. He was made Professor of the Theory and Practice of \nMedicine at Harvard in 1812, and was for several years President of \nthe Massachusetts Medical Society. He wrote numerous medical \nworks and papers ; among them, \" The Brunonian System ; \" \" On \nthe Medical Effects of Dentition,\" 1812; \"On Cow-pox and Small- \npox;\" \"On Spotted Fever,\" i8i6;\"On Spasmodic Cholera;\" \n\" Syllabus of Lectures ; \" \" Text-Book of Lectures,\" 1 825 ; \" Letters to \na Young Physician,\" 1855, etc.; besides a eulogy on Dr. John C. \nWarren, 1815, and \" A memoir of his son, James Jackson, Jr.,\" 1825. \nDr. Jackson resigned his professorship and other positions in 1835, and \nattended to his private practice solely. He died in Boston, Aug. 27, \n1867, at a good old age, honored, respected, and lamented. \n\nPATRICK TRACY JACKSON. \n\nPatrick Tracy Jackson was an eminent American merchant, \nthe third son of Jonathan Jackson, a younger brother of Judge \nCharles and Dr. James Jackson. He was born in Newburyport, \nMass., Aug. 14, 1780. His education was practical, and he en- \ntered the business house of William Bartlett, Newburyport, at \nfifteen years of age. He remained several years with Mr. Bartlett, \nand came to Boston, where he established himself in the India \ntrade, and was successful in acquiring a large interest. He en- \ngaged with his brother-in-law, Francis C. Lowell, in the project \nof establishing cotton-mills and of introducing the power-loom. \nLowell had been in England, examining and investigating as much \nas possible, but failed to solve the secret process and the technique \nof the machine, which were not divulged to him. \n\nJackson and himself then invented a model, from which Paul \nMoody constructed a machine; and in 1813 they built their first mill \nat Waltham, near Boston, which is said to have been the first in the \nworld that combined all the operations of converting raw cotton \ninto finished cloth. In 1821 Jackson organized the Merrimac \nManufacturing Company, and made large land purchases on the \nMerrimac River, adjoining the Pawtucket Canal, where a number \n\n\n196 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nof mills were erected. This settlement generated the busy city of \nLowell. A few years later he formed another company, who built a \nnumber of mills, and in 1830 he secured a charter for a railroad \nbetween Lowell and Boston. The construction of the road, which \nwas completed in 1835, was under his superintendence and direc- \ntion, and it was pronounced to be the most perfect of its kind \nthen in this country. His interests were extensive and of great \nvalue, but the financial crisis of 1837 swept away his magnificent \nfortune in a few months. His services were eagerly sought, how- \never, and he was the custodian of many important trusts connected \nwith great and valuable manufacturing interests. He was, mentally, \na broad-gauged, long-ranged man, possessing the generosity of his \nrace, and bearing the love of his employees, for whose moral and \nintellectual improvement he was ever solicitous. He died Aug. 27, \n1867, amid great sorrow. \n\nJAMES KAVANAGH. \n\nJames Kavanagh was a native of the County of Wexford, \nIreland, and immigrated to Boston in 1780. His stay in this city \nwas of but short duration, but sufficiently long to distinguish him as \na man of superior business attainments and excellent executive \nability. He settled in Damariscotta Mills, Me., engaged exten- \nsively in the lumber business in that place, and built several vessels \nthere. He was the father of Edward Kavanagh, the statesman, \nwho was born in New Castle, Me., April 27, 1795, and whose \ndeath occurred Jan. 21, 1844. \n\nEdward was educated in Georgetown, D.C., and graduated in \nMontreal Seminary in 1820. He then studied law, was admitted \nto the bar, and began to practise in Damariscotta, Me. He was a \nmember of the Maine Legislature in 1826-8, and again in 1842-3. \nHe was secretary of the State Senate in 1830, and later, for a short \ntime, its president. He was elected to Congress as a Jackson Demo- \ncrat, serving from 1831 till 1835, and then became chargt d'affaires \nin Portugal, where he remained till 1842. He was afterwards a \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 197 \n\nmember of the commission to settle the north-eastern boundary of \nMaine. In 1842—3 served as acting governor of Maine on the \nelection of Gov. John Fairfield to the United States Senate. \n\nWILLIAM DOUGLAS O'CONNOR. \n\nThis talented American writer was born in Boston, of Irish \nparents, 1833. He had artistic talent, and adopted painting as a \nprofession, but drifted into literary habits, and became assistant \neditor of the Boston \"Commonwealth,\" 1853, and, later, of the \nPhiladelphia \"Evening Post,\" from 1854 to '60. He was connected \nwith the Lighthouse Department in Washington in 1861, and Libra- \nrian of the Treasury Department in 1871. He contributed largely \nto the popular literature of the day, in poems, tales, etc., for \nmagazines : and is the author of \" Harrington,\" a romance, the \n\" Ghost,\" and \" The Good Gray Poet,\" a vindication of Walt \nWhitman. \n\nJEREMIAH SMITH BOIES. \n\nJeremiah was the son of Capt. James Boies. His useful life \ncorresponded with that of his father's eminently well. Jeremiah \nSmith Boies was honored and respected by the citizens of Milton and \nBoston for his many manly qualities. Born in Milton in 1762, where \nhe married a Miss Clark, he was early identified with the industrial \nprogress and development of the town. In 1783 he was graduated \nfrom Harvard, and then engaged in manufactures at Dorchester. \n\nIn 1765 he built a dam where the starch factory is now located, \nand constructed a chocolate, corn, and paper mill, engaging the \nservices of Mark Hollingsworth, a young man from New Jersey, \nas foreman of the latter. Mark Hollingsworth and Edmund Tileston \nhad been in the paper business at Needham, and they received from \nMr. Boies a transfer of his business in 1801. His father had \nbequeathed to him the paper-mill in Milton, and he made many \nimprovements there. The mansion on Mattapan street, now owned \nby the heirs of the Hon. Arthur W. Austin, was erected by Mr. Boies. \n\n\n198 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nIn public life he was not less active than in mercantile and com- \nmercial. He was a trustee of Milton Academy in 1798, the date of \nits establishment, and was treasurer of the board of trustees for \nseveral years. His active interest and useful services in all educational \nand religious affairs, during his residence in Milton, were liberally \ndevoted to the welfare of the people. Mr. Boies removed to Boston, \nand served on the Board of Aldermen in 1827. He died in this city \nin 1851. \n\nCORNELIUS CONWAY FELTON. \n\nCornelius Conway Felton, a distinguished and learned Irish- \nAmerican scholar and writer, was born in Newbury, Mass., of Irish \nparents, Nov. 6, 1807. He graduated at Harvard College with \ndistinction in 1827. He supported himself while there by teaching, \nand was one of the conductors of the \"Harvard Register\" in his \nSenior year. After graduating, he taught for two years in Geneseo, \nNew York, and in 1829 was appointed Assistant Professor of Latin at \nHarvard, and in 1832, Professor of Greek. He was honored by \nelevation to the Eliot Professorship of Greek Literature, and was \nmade one of the regents of the College in 1834. \n\nAt that time he published an edition of Homer, which has \npassed through several revised editions, and, in 1840, a translation of \nMenzel's work on German literature. In 1841 he published \"Clouds \nof Aristophanes.\" He also assisted in preparing a work on classical \nstudies, and in 1844 assisted Longfellow in \"Poets and Poetry of \nEurope.\" He was closely identified and intimately associated with \nthe men of learning in Boston and vicinity ; his writings were held in \nhigh esteem by the citizens of this city, and they helped to shape \npublic thought to a high degree. \n\nANDREW DUNLAP. \n\nAndrew Dunlap was born in 1794, and was the only son of \nJames Dunlap, an Irish merchant of Salem. From his earliest \nchildhood his ability was recognized and a brilliant future predicted \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 199 \n\nfor him. In 1 820 he moved to Boston, where his effective eloquence \nmade him a favorite criminal-pleader. He was warmly attached to the \nDemocratic party, and earnestly advocated the election of Andrew \nJackson, to whose policy he remained devoted to the end of his life. \nHe delivered orations in Boston on Independence Day, in 1822 and \n1832; served as United States District Attorney from 1829 to 1835, \nwhen his resignation drew affectionate tributes of esteem and regret \nfrom Joseph Story and Judge Davis. He died a few months afterward. \nHis \" Treatise on the Practice of Courts of Admiralty in Civil Cases \nof Maritime Jurisdiction \" was posthumously published, under the \neditorship of Charles Sumner. \n\nJAMES BOYD. \n\nThe sterling integrity which characterized James Boyd, and \nformed the basis of his honorable, useful public and private life, pre- \nsents a lesson worthy of imitation. Born at Newtownards, Ireland, \nNov. II, 1793, of Hugh Boyd and Mary, nee Patten. James, during \nhis infancy, was cared for by his grandparents, James and Sarah \nPatten, of Cunningbrom. He married Margaret Curry, of Cainey \nCaw, Ireland, July 4, 1815 ; he died at Boston, Mass., Oct. 10, 1855. \nMargaret Curry was born in Ireland, Feb. 15, 1794; she died in \nHyde Park, Mass., July 26, 1 874. \n\nHer father's name was Francis Curry, a farmer, of Cainey Caw, \nParish Rahalp, County Down, Ireland, whose wife was Margaret \nCavan; his mother was a Dunbar; hers, a Litton. Francis was \na man of exemplary character and untiring industry. He died in \n1852, in the one hundred and second year of his age. His wife \ndied at the age of seventy. James' family consisted of twelve \nchildren, all born at Boston (except Colonel Francis, who was born \nat Newtownards, Ireland). James Boyd, though brought up in the \ntenets of the Scotch Presbyterian Church belief, joined the Unitarian \nfaith of Channing, in which faith he died. In 1819 he joined the \nold Hollis-street Church, of which Dr. John Pierpont was then the \npastor. The contemporaries of Boyd's manhood have cherished his \n\n\n200 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nmemory, and hie Catholic countrymen respected him for his broad \nand liberal mindedness. \n\nIn the mid-summer of the year 1817 the Boyd family, consist- \ning of James Boyd, his wife, and infant child, Francis, came -from \nIreland, and landed on Moose Island, in Passamaquoddy Bay, where \nthey stayed for twenty-two days. On the fifth day of August, 1817, \nthey took passage for Boston, Mass. They arrived here on the twelfth \nday of the same month, and on the following day James Boyd was at \nwork for Arthur Noon, a chaise-trimmer from London, England, whose \nshop was located at 32 Orange street; James received from him six \ndollars per week for his services. In February, 1 8 1 9, he was em- \nployed by William Reed, a chaise-trimmer on Marlborough street \n(now Washington street), near the Old South Church. \n\nOn May 6, 1819, James commenced business, with a capital of \nfifty dollars, at 32 Orange street, the name then applied to that part \nof Washington street between Boylston and Dover streets. There he \nmanufactured harnesses and trunks ; later he engaged in the manu- \nfacture of leather hose for fire-engines, which was made of a single \nthickness of leather and waxed thread, and hand-sewed together. \n\nAbout 1820 he made an important improvement on the old \n, process, a patent for which he applied, and it was granted to him \non May 30, 1821. This was the first patent issued from the United \nStates for fire-hose. It was quickly followed by another improve- \nment, which substituted copper rivets for waxed thread. Mr. Boyd \nwas the first manufacturer in New England to adopt this method of \nmaking fire-hose. It acquired a high reputation, and was known \nas Boyd's double-riveted fire-engine hose, and superseded the other. \nHe manufactured fire-buckets, firemen's caps, and general leather \nsupplies for the fire department. \n\nPublic attention was soon attracted to the excellence of his mate- \nrials and workmanship, and he became the leading manufacturer of \nthese goods. \n\nLarger accommodations, with increased facilities for his ex- \ntensively developed business, were necessary; he removed to the \nwest corner of Merchants' row and Faneuil Hall square; thence, \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 201 \n\nin 1826, to a newly erected building on the opposite corner of \nMerchants' row. This was occupied on lease by himself and by \nthe firm of James Boyd & Sons. It was afterwards purchased by \nMr. James Boyd, subsequently sold to the Faneuil Hall Bank. The \nlocation of the business was changed in 1874 to No. 9 Federal street. \nFor many years they were engaged in making military equipments, \nunder contract with the United States Ordnance Department. For \nthis branch he obtained a patent, Nov. 19, 1833, for a folio-extension \nknapsack. He became a member of the volunteer fire department of \nBoston, which was largely composed of young men engaged in pro- \nfessional, mechanical, and mercantile pursuits, and he soon rose to a \ncommanding position. \n\nAt the Beacon-street fire — one of the memorable conflagrations \nof Boston — he was the second foreman of Hero No. 6, and later \nthe foreman of Brooks No. n, a company noted for its efficiency, \nlocated on Franklin street, near the centre of the mercantile section \nof the city. He first suggested the organization of the Charitable As- \nsociation of the Boston Fire Department, drew up its constitution and \nby-laws, which were adopted, with slight modifications of two articles. \n\nHe was the president of the board of trustees of the asso- \nciation, and on his retirement from office, in 1829, resolutions were \npassed by the members of the association expressing their high \nappreciation of his services. This was the first association ever \norganized in this country for the relief of firemen suffering injury- \nreceived while in the discharge of their duties ; it was the model for \nits successors in New York and elsewhere. \n\nIn 1835 Mr. Boyd was elected to the Massachusetts Legisla- \nture. One of the most important bills considered at the session \nwas the one for the suppression of riots, suggested by the burning \nand destruction of the Ursuline Convent, at Charlestown, Mass., by \na mob, in 1834. Mr. Boyd proposed an amendment to this bill, the \nadoption of which he urged by a stirring speech. It attracted much \nattention, and was published verbatim et literatim in the \" Columbian \nSentinel,\" then a leading political journal. Subsequently the princi- \nples enunciated therein were accepted as equitable. \n\n\n202 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nOn the i /th of March, 1837, he delivered an oration at the \nMasonic Temple before the Charitable Irish Society. It was a \nproduct of love for his native land, a loyal utterance of gratitude, \nno less patriotic, true, and hearty, for his adopted country. He \ndenounced strongly the principles of that snake-like political move- \nment of the Native- American party, so sudden in its inception, and \nmore rapid and complete in failure. His able article — which ap- \npealed to the \" sober second thought\" of the people — in the Boston \n\" Atlas,\" the organ of the local Whig party, reviewed the message \nof Governor Gardner, and was editorially quoted as \" able, well put, \nintelligent, and suggestive.\" Its sentiments were such as are now \naccepted by fair-minded men as to the rights and relations of our \nadopted fellow-citizens. \n\nIn 1838 Mr. Boyd established a branch house in New Orleans. \nHis second son, James Patten, who had served him for five years as \nclerk, entered into partnership with him, and managed the New \nOrleans house until, at his death, May 30, 1843, the branch was \ndiscontinued. \n\nIn April, 1843, Mr. Boyd visited Indiana, to inspect the cannel- \ncoal mines, of Cannelton. He bought an interest in the American \nCannel Company. \n\nHis son Frederick went out first as clerk, afterwards as partner \nwith his father, and became manager, a position which he occupied \nuntil about 1860. Mr. Boyd continued to cooperate with the company \nin mining and cotton manufacturing at Cannelton until 1852. He \nvisited the town frequently, encouraged the enterprises of the popu- \nlation, and raised funds for the erection of its churches and schools. \n\nHe retired from active business about 1852; his wife survived \nhim nearly nineteen years. Both are buried in Mt. Auburn Ceme- \ntery, of which Mr. Boyd was one of the original incorporators. \nAccording to the Mt. Auburn register of interments, on the 6th of \nJuly, 1832, an infant child of James Boyd was buried in Lot 182, \nMountain avenue. It was the first burial made in the cemetery. Of \ntheir family of eleven children but three are living. \n\nFrancis, born May 2, 1816, was educated in the Boston Grammar- \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 203 \n\nschools and at the English High School, from which he graduated in \n1831; he received his mercantile training in the office of Josiah \nBradlee & Co., one of the old merchant firms of Boston. In 1840 \nFrancis established the commission and shipping house of Boyd & \nFrothingham. Frederick, born April 29, 1824, has been referred to. \nJohn Curry, born April 25, 1820, succeeded his father as senior mem- \nber of the firm. He, with Alexander, born Feb. 13, 1830, composed \nthe firm known as James Boyd & Sons. John Curry died May 12, \n1862. Alexander succeeded him, and he formed a co-partnership \nwith Michael J. Ward, who had been employed in the store as clerk \nfrom boyhood. \n\nOn Aug. 30, 1859, John Curry obtained a patent for his inven- \ntion of copper-riveted fire-engine hose, made of a heavy woven \nfabric of cotton with India-rubber or other water-proof material. \n\nNot a note or claim against the house of James Boyd or James \nBoyd & Sons was ever dishonored during its existence of nearly sixty \nyears. \n\nThree other of the children died when quite young. Those \nwho reached maturity are James Patten, born May 16, 1818. \nWilliam, born Dec. 3, 1822, learned the saddlery and harness trade, \nbecame a partner with his father; died Sept. 19, 1847. Margaret \nCurry, born Sept. 8, 1 826, married Edward Wyman, of Boston ; she \ndied on March 22, 1854. Jane Louisa, born Sept. I, 1833, died on \nOct. 14, 1857. \n\nJames Boyd wrote much and delivered many public speeches. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES \n\n\nREPRESENTATIVE MEN OF OUR OWN \n\nTIMES. \n\n\nSKETCHES OF REPRESENTATIVE MEN OF OUR \n\nOWN TIMES. \n\n\nJOHN BOYLE O'REILLY. \n\n\" I hate his Irish Nationalism, but I love his character and his \npoetry. He is your foremost man in America.\" This is a scholarly \nAnglo-American's estimate of John Boyle O'Reilly, the brilliant Irish \npatriot, poet, journalist, and orator. Thus regarded by a repre- \nsentative political opponent, who shall estimate his place in the hearts \nof that great constituency, coextensive not alone with America, but \nwith the English speech, who love as life itself the cause he so \nworthily stands for? \n\nJohn Boyle O'Reilly was born at Dowth Castle, County Meath, \nIreland, on June 28, 1844. His father, William David O'Reilly, was \nmaster of the Netterville Institution, and was a fine scholar with a \nstrong mathematical bent. His mother, Eliza Boyle, was nearly \nrelated to Col. John Allen, a famous name among the Irish rebels of \n'98. He commanded a company in the French legion in the siege of \nAstorga, and risked his life to plant the French flag on the ramparts. \nThe fine literary taste of this gifted mother became talent, nay, \ngenius, in the son. Her passionate patriotism was reproduced in him \nintensified. Some of John Boyle O'Reilly's sweetest poems are of \nhis much-loved and unforgotten mother, who suffered with his \ndangers and sorrows, but was not spared to enjoy his triumphs. She \ndied while he was in prison; and shall we err in believing that \nanxiety for her favorite son, the successive shocks of his arrest, trial, \nand death-sentence, had a share in bringing her to a premature grave? \n\nBut we anticipate: Young O'Reilly had from his father that \nthorough training in the foundation studies by which Old-World lads \n\n(207) \n\n\n208 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nof fourteen are in point of real education ahead of American boys \nof eighteen. At an early age the future journalist learned type- \nsetting in the office of the Drogheda \" Argus.\" Afterwards we find \nhim earning his living as a short-hand reporter on newspapers in \nvarious English cities. \n\nHe joined the Fenian movement at its inception. \" A desperate \ngame, that Fenianism ! \" one said to him a few years ago. \" Yes,\" \nhe answered, with thoughtful face and glowing eyes ; \" they could \nonly say to us, ' Come, boys, it is prison or death ; but it is for \nIreland,' and we came.\" And he looked as if he would gladly go \nthe same perilous road again at the same appeal. \n\nIn 1863 O'Reilly returned to Ireland and enlisted in the Tenth \nHussars, in which he spent three years, furthering the revolutionary \ncause and mastering the art of war for future use. In 1866, on the \nsecret evidence of the informer, he was arrested in Dublin, tried by \nspecial military commission for treason, in company with Sergeant- \nMajor McCarthy and Corporal Thomas Chambers, and sentenced to \ntwenty years' penal servitude. For the next two years he, with the \ntwo others named, was an inmate of the imperial prisons of England \nat Pentonville, Millbank, Chatham, Portsmouth, Dartmoor, and Port- \nland. In October, 1 867, he was transported to the penal colony of \nWestern Australia, with sixty other political prisoners. In February, \n1869, he escaped from the penal colony in a boat, assisted by the \nRev. Patrick McCabe, a Catholic priest stationed in his district, and \nsome other devoted Irish-Australians. He was picked up at sea, \nafter many hardships ashore and afloat, by the American, whaling \nbark \" Gazelle,\" commanded by Captain David R. Gifford, of New \nBedford, who treated him with the greatest kindness for the six \nmonths he remained on board, and who lent him twenty guineas (all \nthe money he had with him) when they separated off the Cape of \nGood Hope. \n\nCaptain Gifford put O'Reilly on board another American ship \n(the \" Sapphire,\" of Boston, bound to Liverpool), off the Cape. \nThis vessel carried him safely to England, where, by the aid of her \nYankee officers, he was shipped as an American sailor on board the \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 209 \n\n\"Bombay,\" of Bath, Me. (Capt. Frank Jordan), which landed him \nin Philadelphia in November, 1 869. He was twenty-five years of age, \nstrong and hopeful; but he did not know a single soul on the \nAmerican continent. \n\nNeed we say how O'Reilly gratefully kept the thought of Captain \nGifford in his heart. His first book, \" Songs from the Southern \nSeas,\" published in Boston in 1873, bears a touching dedication to \nCapt. David R. Gififord. The saddest part of it was, however, that \nthe book reached his dwelling just two hours after his death. \" A \nTribute Too Late,\" wrote O'Reilly, at the head of one of the most \ntouching memorials that was ever penned. \n\nO'Reilly landed in Philadelphia on Nov. 23, 1869, and made \napplication for American citizenship the same day, at the United \nStates Court in that city. He made but a brief stay here ; then went \non to New York, where he gave a lecture and wrote some articles \nfor the press. Thence he came to Boston on the 2d of January, \n1870. He accompanied the Fenian raid into Canada in the same \nyear, and sent descriptive letters thereof to the Boston papers. In \nthe summer of 1870 he secured editorial employment on the \"Pilot; \" \nand, in his intervals of leisure, began to give to the world, in poems \nof singular strength, depth, and beauty, the results of the action, \nobservation, and endurance of the crowded years of his short ex- \nistence. His Australian poems glowed with color and throbbed with \nlife. He was recognized at once as a new and original presence in \nthe literary world. Horace Greeley was much taken with O'Reilly's \npersonality and work, and some of the latter's best narrative poems \nappeared in the New York \" Tribune.\" The \" Dark Blue,\" the mag- \nazine of the University of Oxford, England, gladly welcomed him to \nits exclusive pages, till it found out that he was a Fenian and an ex- \npolitical convict. He became a contributor to the \" Galaxy,\" \n\" Scribner's,\" the \" Atlantic Monthly,\" \" Harper's,\" and others of the \nbest American literary publications. \n\nEmphatically a man's man, his frank, earnest, and attractive \npersonality, his broad humanity, added to his eminent literary gifts, \ndrew to him the admiration and friendship of Wendell Phillips, John \n\n\n210 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nGreenleaf Whittier, William Lloyd Garrison, and others of God's \nnoblemen in New England. It is pleasant to add here that this \nIrishman, who himself was the victim of tyranny, has a heart for \noppressed people everywhere, and has won in the affections of the \ncolored people of America, by his outspoken and sympathetic advo- \ncacy of their interests, a place very near the three great names above \nmentioned. \n\nJohn Boyle O'Reilly has done much in his own single person \nto destroy the anti-Irish prejudices that lingered in New England \nlong after they had practically disappeared from the rest of the \ncountry, as the snow-drifts linger in the clefts of her stony-hearted \nold hills. He has made plain to the nation, as well as to the \nrather timid and self-distrustful New England Irish themselves, that \nthe least part of the Irish strength in that section is in mere force \nof numbers. \n\nIn 1876 Mr. O'Reilly, already for some years editor of the \n\"Pilot,\" became its proprietor, with Archbishop Williams. His \npaper is universally regarded as a foremost exponent of Irish- \nAmerican thought, and as one of the stanchest and most capable \ndefenders of Catholic interests. A live newspaper, it has unique \nfeatures of literary and domestic interest; and such competent judges \nas the New York \" Independent \" and the Springfield \" Republican \" \ndeclare that some of the best poetry of the day appears in the \n\" Pilot.\" In journalism, as out of it, Mr. O'Reilly is a faithful friend \nand a courteous and magnanimous opponent. \n\nIn the midst of his journalistic work — and every detail of his \npaper has the benefit of his personal supervision — Mr. O'Reilly has \nbrought out four volumes of poems, as follows : \" Songs of the \nSouthern Seas,\" 1873; \"Songs, Legends, and Ballads,\" 1878; \n\" Statues in the Block,\" 1881 ; and \" In Bohemia,\" 1886. All these \nbooks have gone through many editions. \n\nThis is not the place for a critical estimate of Mr. O'Reilly's \nrank as a poet. The critical mind is debauched in this day of literary \nsmall things by the habit of solemn contemplation and silly Wer- \npraise of trifles. We turn our backs on the great literary standards, \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 211 \n\nput on our keenest magnifying-glasses, and spend precious hours in \nascertaining the relative size of a crowd of pigmies. The great \nwords \" poet,\" \" genius,\" \" literary immortality,\" and the like, are \nflying about with such childish recklessness and lack of sense of pro- \nportion, that when a true poet, a real genius, appears, we are all out \nof language. Let us be honest. We have as yet no great poets in \nAmerica. But of the small number of our true poets, John Boyle \nO'Reilly is one of the two or three who have the divine fire, whose \nwords are in the hearts of the people, and who give promise of \nbecoming great. \n\nHe has written a novel, \"Moondyne,\" based on his Australian \nexperience, which is dramatic, forceful, as all his work is. It has \nhad seven large editions. He has also edited a number of works, \nand prefaced not a few, among the latter George Makepeace Towle's \n\"Young People's History of Ireland\" (Lee & Shepard, Boston), and \nJustin McCarthy's \" Ireland's Cause and England's Parliament,\" just \npublished by the Ticknors, Boston. He has several works in \npreparation, among them \"The Country with a Roof,\" an alle- \ngory, illustrating the defects in the American social system ; \"The \nEvolution of Straight Weapons,\" which covers the whole ground of \nathletics ; and a work on the material resources of Ireland. \n\nFor the past decade Mr. O'Reilly has been in great demand as a \nlecturer, and has been the chosen spokesman of the city of his home \non some notable occasions. The best, perhaps, of his orations is \n\" The Common Citizen Soldier,\" delivered in Boston on Memorial \nday, 1886. \n\nHe is a famous athlete, and the serious, humane, and patriotic \npurpose which underlies all the doings of this man, who is making the \nmost of his life, can be found even in his pastimes. \n\nMr. O'Reilly is one of the founders, and was the president, of \nthe Papyrus Club, which brings together a rather striking group of \nauthors, artists, musicians, and actors ; and he is a member of the St. \nBotolph, the Round Table, and other literary clubs of the modern \nAthens. He is blessed with a charming wife and children. \" Her \nrare and loving judgment has been a standard I have tried to reach,\" \n\n\n212 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nwrites the poet, inscribing to this gifted wife his \" Songs, Legends, \nand Ballads.\" \n\nWhat is the secret of the marvellous success of this man, not yet \nat his prime, who, little more than a decade and a half ago, was a \nfriendless, penniless, political refugee ? It is not native genius alone, \nnor patience and method, those best allies of genius, nor vigorous \nhealth, nor an impressive and pleasing personality. It is sterling \ncharacter, which, when all is said and done, must ever outshine the \ndazzle of natural gifts or shrewd achievements. \n\n\" It is sad to see the man overshadowed by the artisan.\" \" I \nhave never seen,\" said the subject of this sketch, \" a human being in \nwhose individuality I did not find something to respect.\" That \nearnest and reverent sympathy with all humanity is the key-note of \nhis character and the secret of his wide-reaching influence, and the \npopular affection which he won in overflowing measure. He is \ngenerous ; he has a long memory for kindnesses and a short one for \ninjuries ; he delights in others' gifts and successes. The literary men \nand women, the journalists, artists, musicians, and business men who \nowe their first fortunate impulse to his direction, or who have had \nhis substantial aid over rough places, would make, if gathered \ntogether, a large and respectable assemblage. It is much to say of \nany man what is true of him, that he is most loved and honored by \nthose who have known him longest and nearest. \n\nAnd now, our last word of him must be as our first has been — \nof his work for Ireland. Through voice, through pen, through \nworldly substance, through the flame enkindled from his own heart \nin the hearts of others, he has labored unweariedly all these years for \nthe cause of Irish freedom —r that holy cause, for which he offered \nlife itself when life was new and sweet. \" For Ireland,\" that is the \nthread of gold which runs through all he writes and does. \n\n\n\" For thee the past and future days ; \n\nFor thee the will to trample wrong and strike for slaves ; \nFor thee the hope that ere mine arm be weak \nAnd ere my heart be dry may close the strife \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 213 \n\nIn which thy colors shall be borne through fire, \nAnd all thy griefs washed out in manly blood, \nAnd I shall see thee crowned and bound with love, \nThy strong sons round thee guarding thee.\" \n\nMay the patriot-poet's hope soon be realized, and may God \nspare him many years thereafter to the causes that need him and the \nhearts that love him ! \n\nPATRICK A. COLLINS. \n\nHe is the foremost Democratic legislator in New England, \nand possesses many of the strongly marked characteristics of his \nrace, combined with those of the true American citizen. His ability, \nboth at the bar and in public life, has attracted the attention of all \nclasses of citizens throughout the United States. His eloquence \non the platform has been admired and praised by press and people \nat home and abroad. As a lawyer, he has distinguished himself by \nhis successful management of many important cases which have \ninvolved large interests. \n\nThe story of his life is eventful. He was born near Fermoy, \nCounty Cork, Ireland, March 12, 1844; the same year, by the \nway, in which his compatriots, John Boyle O'Reilly and John E. \nFitzgerald, were born. His parents were Bartholomew and Mary \nLeahey Collins. Patrick was the youngest of a large family, and his \nfather died when he was an infant. \n\nIn 1848 his mother immigrated to America; first settled in \nBoston, afterwards in Chelsea. Young Collins attended the public \nschools of the latter place, but at the early age of twelve years \nobtained employment as an errand-boy in the office of a Boston \nlawyer. He left there to work in a Chelsea store, where he remained \nduring the following winter. His brief experience in the law-office \nkindled within him a desire for the legal profession, and doubtless \nshaped his later course. \n\nThe family subsequently removed to the West, and at fourteen \nyears of age he was delving in the coal-fields of Ohio; eight \n\n\n214 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nyears later he was an upholsterer in Boston, and a member of the \nMassachusetts Legislature; at twenty-six years, a member of the \nMassachusetts State Senate, to which body he was reflected the fol- \nlowing year ; and in his fortieth year he was elected to Congress. \nHe began life under the most unpromising circumstances : from the \nlaw-office and store, to the farm, coal-mine, machine-shop, and \ngrindstone-mill of Ohio, he rose gradually, but positively, by hard \nwork, patient and steady application, extensive reading, judicious \ncultivation, and careful development of innate talent, to an honorable \nand useful position. His sympathies have always been with the \nworking-people, he having enjoyed their few attendant advantages \nand suffered their many hardships. In 1866 he joined the Fenian \nBrotherhood, serving the cause with voice and pen, and did effective \nwork as an organizer. \n\nHe began the study of law in the following year. In 1870 he \nenjoyed the unique distinction of being the youngest member then \nelected to the State Senate. The excitement and fascination of politi- \ncal life, however, did not distract him from the study of law, as he \ngraduated with honors from the Harvard Law School with the class \nof 1871. He was admitted to the Bar the same year, and has prac- \ntised extensively ever since. During his service at the State House \nhe became identified with most liberal and beneficent legislation, \nnotably .the ten-hour law, admission of Catholic clergymen to re- \nformatory, correctional, and charitable institutions, abolition of a \ndistinct oath for Catholics, the improvement and development of \npublic parks in Boston, and also legislation favorable towards secur- \ning equal rights for foreign-born citizens. He was for many years \na member of the Democratic City Central Committee of Boston, \nperfecting and strengthening the efficiency of that organization \nduring his term as president, in 1873—4. He was for a time Judge- \nAdvocate of the First Brigade, M.V.M. ; and was appointed by \nGovernor Gaston as Judge-Advocate-General of Massachusetts in \n1875, whence comes his title of General. He was twice the \nDemocratic candidate for State Auditor, and in 1881 was nomi- \nnated for the position of Attorney-General. He was elected at \n\n\nX. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 215 \n\nlarge from Massachusetts to the National Democratic Conventions \nof 1876 and 1880. \n\nIn the latter year he became a member of the Democratic State \nCommittee, and has been its chairman since 1884. General Collins \nwas elected to represent the Fourth Massachusetts District in Con- \ngress in 1882, reelected in 1884, and although early in 1886 he \nissued a letter declining to be considered as a candidate, he was, \nnevertheless, unanimously renominated and reelected that year. \n\nNotwithstanding his activity in American politics, much of his \ntime and ability have been devoted to the cause of Ireland. His \nconnection with the Fenian Brotherhood, from 1862 to 1870, secre- \ntary of the Philadelphia Convention, chairman of a subsequent one, \nand the distinction of being elected the first president of the Irish \nNational Land League of America, — all bespeak his loyalty. \n\nCharles Stewart Parnell, the great Irish leader, has repeatedly \nthanked General Collins for his valuable assistance rendered to suf- \nfering Erin, and at the League headquarters in Dublin his portrait \nhangs beside that of Parnell, to speak for the Irish in America. \n\nIn the summer of 1887 General Collins visited Ireland and \nEngland. He was received with a perfect ovation by the people \neverywhere, his fame having preceded him. In London a compli- \nmentary dinner was tendered him by Parnell, at which all members \nof the Irish Pcrliamentary party, as well as English and Scotch \nmembers, were \\ resent. He was also banqueted by the Lord Mayor \nof Dublin and Corporation, and the great and rare distinction of the \nfreedom of the cit>r for distinguished services was conferred upon \nhim. In Cork he was also received with every mark of honor and \nesteem. He was an honored guest at the Ancients' ceremony of \ncasting the dart, and at the festivities following. \n\nIn 1888 he peremptorily declined the use of his name for con- \ngressional honors. He was a member of the Judiciary Committee \nduring his whole service in Congress, and was prominently engaged \nwith many proposed acts of legislation ; among others, the Bank- \nruptcy Bill. He headed the Massachusetts delegation to the National \nDemocratic Convention at St. Louis in 1888; he was unanimously \n\n\n216 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nchosen permanent chairman, and presented with the silver gavel \nwhich he wielded on that occasion. He possesses the magnetic \nqualities that typify our most eminent public speakers ; his command- \ning presence, dignified and pleasing, is no less attractive than the \ntones of his resonant voice, which is clearly heard in the largest halls. \nHis style of oratory is forceful, terse, and convincing, impressing an \naudience with the sincerity of an honest man whose utterances are \nfull of good purposes, supported by logical proofs, and devoid of \nfalse coloring. General Collins has resided at Mt. Ida, Dorchester, \nsince 1887, having removed there from South Boston. There, with \nhis devoted wife and three children, his best days of peace and \nhappiness are enjoyed within their home. \n\nHUGH O'BRIEN. \n\nHon. Hugh O'Brien enjoys the proud distinction of having been \nelevated to the position of Mayor of Boston four successive years. \nDuring his administration he performed his duties fearlessly, faith- \nfully, and well. Born in Ireland, July 13, 1827, his childhood was \npassed there until he was five years old, when he was brought to \nAmerica, and was sent to the Old Grammar School on Fort Hill, in \nBoston, where he graduated. Young O'Brien was as notional and \nstudious as the typical Boston boy of his day. Boston ideas grew \nwith him, and, later in life, the strong part which th< / formed in his \nmentality was made manifest in his sagacious publ'c deeds. \n\nThe solid foundation of his education, which was laid at school, \nwas builded upon in a way that should teach a valuable lesson to the \nyouths of to-day. The Public Library was his sanctum sanctorum. \nHe browsed among the books, eagerly read useful works, especially \nhistorical, biographical, and statistical books, which he studied with \navidity. He entered the office of the Boston \" Courier,\" to learn the \nprinter's trade, at the age of twelve years, and made rapid progress \nwhile there. Later we find him in the book and job printing office \nof Messrs. Turtle, Dennett, & Chisholm, on School street, where he \nbecame foreman at the age of fifteen. He remained there several \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 217 \n\nyears, until he originated and published the \" Shipping and Com- \nmercial List,\" and has always been its editor. \n\nThe experience which Mr. O'Brien received while in newspaper \nwork would school any young man to a high degree who was desirous \nto advance in life. Mr. O'Brien's youthful life was a compeer to his \nmanhood : diligent, persevering, determined, full of hope and pur- \npose, combined with integrity, efficiency, and a steady application to \nstudy. These manly characteristics have made him an honored \nand respected man. Educational matters, literary societies, and \ncharitable undertakings have always found in him a ready patron \nand a strong supporter. Mr. O'Brien placed the \" Shipping and \nCommercial List\" in a commanding position before the mercantile \nand commercial markets. Merchants relied upon it for accurate \ntrade reference. The first annual reports of Boston's trade and com- \nmerce were issued by Mr. O'Brien ; that volume has been adopted for \nyears by the Merchants' Exchange. \n\nHe met the wealthiest and most prominent merchants of Boston \nwhile engaged on his newspaper work. These gentlemen, whose \nintimacy with him enabled them to gain an insight into his methods \nand study his character, during the past forty years, praise him highly \nfor his honesty, business sagacity, and successful management of \naffairs. While the city's population increased from 75,000 inhab- \nitants to over 400,000, Mr. O'Brien familiarized himself with the \nmany changes in business arrangements, and the almost countless \nenterprises which have been managed in Boston. He has been the \ncustodian of trust-funds for many purposes, which have been placed \nin his hands by prominent business men. He has kept sacred every \ntrust His ability as a financier is unquestionable, and as president of \nthe Union Institution for Savings, treasurer of the Franklin Typo- \ngraphical Society, and a director in various charitable institutions, his \nrecord is excellent. His natural abilities and business training fitted \nhim for public life. He attracted the attention of the people, and in \n1875 was elected to the Board of Aldermen, when the Boston \n\" Advertiser\" referred to him as \" well known in the community, and \nhas the respect and confidence of every one.\" He served as alderman \n\n\n218 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nduring seven years, from 1874, and he was chairman of the Board \nfour years. \n\nThe people scrutinized his public actions while on the Board, \nand approved of his course throughout. His official attention was \nalways promptly given to all matters relating to the welfare of \nBoston or to the people thereof. Good pay for laborers, purification \nand improvement of the water-supply, a useful system of parks, \nsanitary reforms, schools, abolition of the poll-tax, and low taxation, — \nall received his earnest advocacy and support. His successful efforts \nare well known to all Bostonians. Alderman O'Brien was elected \nMayor in December, 1884, for the year 1885. The old city charter \nwas in force, and his splendid work under that instrument was full of \nserviceable deeds. Mayor O'Brien's sterling qualities of mind and \nheart were efficiently applied to stimulating and accomplishing the \nwork of good government in its various branches. The citizens ap- \npreciated his services, and substantially sanctioned his management, \nby reelecting him Mayor, to serve during the years 1885, 1886, 1887, \nand 1888. Anew city charter was established during his adminis- \ntration, which made him directly responsible for the honest and \nefficient regulation of the city's business. He proved equal to the \ntask, and was much admired and praised by the press and public for \nhis meritorious achievements. His public speaking is of the earnest, \nforcible, and argumentative style, and his honest utterances and solid \nreasoning often carry conviction to his hearers where the brilliant \norator would fail to produce the same effect. \n\nThe cause of labor and the men who toil have ever found a \nchampion in Mayor O'Brien, and while most eloquent when defending \ntheir interests, the memories of his own past years of labor have \never been present to his mind and impelled him to demand justice for \nthe working-men of to-day. In November, 1888, the people again \nnominated him for Mayor ; he received a large vote, but was defeated \nby the Republican candidate, Mr. Thomas N. Hart. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 219 \n\n\nPATRICK SARSFIELD GILMORE. \n\nPatrick Sarsfield Gilmore, musician and bandmaster, was born \nin Ballygar, County Galway, Ireland, Dec. 25, 1829. He received a \ncommon-school education in his native place from one of the Irish \nschoolmasters of that period. Like most boys who were born on \nthe Emerald Isle, his school-days did not last many years, and while \nquite young he was sent to work. He was first employed by a whole- \nsale grocer, with whom he served an apprenticeship of seven years. \nHe displayed an early liking for drums and fifes, and was looked \nupon by those who knew him as a musical prodigy. Every spare \nmoment after working-hours was devoted to musical instruments, and \nby the time that he was sixteen years of age he was a member of the \nAthlone Amateur Band, and had composed music of a military kind \nfor his townsmen. At the age of nineteen, however, he sailed for \nAmerica, and landed in Boston. In 1848, a few weeks after his \narrival here, he became a cornet player for the Charlestown Band. \nA short time afterward he was engaged as leader of the Suffolk \nBand, succeeding Edward Kendall, the bugler. Later he made \nanother change, this time to join the Brigade Band, and take the \nplace of John Bartlett, who had held the position of trumpeter. \nFinally, he left Boston for a while, and accepted a position made \nvacant by Jerome Smith, of the Salem Band. The young musician \nhad by this period made a reputation as the E-flat cornet player of \nthe country. He remained with the Salem Band for about three \nyears, and while there conceived the idea of fathering the Boston \nCommon Fourth-of-July concerts, also the promenade concerts after- \nward given at Music Hall. In 1858 he returned to Boston, where his \nprojects were worked out. During the Civil War he enlisted in the \nTwenty-fourth Massachusetts Regiment Band, going with the Burn- \nside Expedition to North Carolina. In about a year the band was \nmustered out of service and returned to Boston, where he aided in \nthe organization of a number of bands to be attached to the brigades, \nunder general orders from the War Department. Governor Andrew \n\n\n220 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nalso commissioned him as Bandmaster-General and Chief Musician \nof the State of Massachusetts, clothing him with the authority to \nenlist musicians for military service. He recruited bands for the \nDepartment of the Gulf, under command of Major-Gerieral Banks, \nand, upon request of the State authorities, went in charge of those \nbands to New Orleans. While there, General Banks gave him the \nposition of director of all the musical organizations connected \nwith the department. At New Orleans he was as energetic as \never, and projected the plan of having a chorus of ten thousand \nschool children and five hundred musicians, with infantry and \nartillery accompaniments, in a grand national concert, to aid \nin the inauguration of Michael Hahn, the first governor of \nLouisiana elected under the Union administration, March 4, 1864, \njust before the close of the war. Notwithstanding the prejudice \nof the parents, the \" Star- Spangled Banner\" was sung by ten \nthousand Southern children, and the success of the affair in \nevery way was made complete. Later he returned to Boston and \ninaugurated a series of concerts, introducing to the public Madame \nLegrange, Gazzamuyi, Johannsen, Frederich, Guerrabella, Carlotta, \nPatti, Adelaide Phillips, Camilla Urso, Teresa Carreno, Brignoli, \nStigelli, Carl Formes, and others. In 1 868 he was invited to arrange \na ball and series of concerts at Crosby's Opera House, Chicago. In \n1869 he carried through successfully the great National Peace Jubilee \nin Boston, at which there was a chorus of ten thousand voices and \none thousand musical instruments, the attendance numbering about \nsixty thousand persons daily. He also engineered with masterly skill \nthe gigantic Music Jubilee of All Nations, 1872, which was partici- \npated in by a chorus of twenty thousand voices and two thousand \nmusical instruments. Never before in the world's history had there \nbeen such a gathering of musicians, and the attendance was estimated \nat about one hundred and twenty thousand daily. The executive \ncommittee gave Mr. Gilmore $50,000, as a present, at the close of \nthe jubilee. About 1873 he left Boston and took up his residence \nin New York, where he organized the Twenty-second Regiment \nBand, which is now considered the best military band in the country. \n\n\nGOV. THOMAS TALBOT. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 221 \n\nIn recent years the band, under the direction of its accomplished \nband-master, has given concerts in all the principal cities of this \ncountry and Europe, and during the summer months of each year \nrender a high order of sea-shore music at Manhattan Beach, New \nYork. \n\nGOV. THOMAS TALBOT. \n\nThomas Talbot was born in Cambridge, N.Y., Sept. 7, 1818 ; died \nat Billerica, Mass., Oct. 6, 1885. His parents were both natives of \nIreland, who, shortly after marriage, immigrated to this country. The \nfather was a weaver, and first obtained employment at his trade in \nCambridge, N.Y. The family moved about from place to place,, and \nfinally located in Northampton, Mass., where the subject of this sketch \nwas sent to work, at the age of thirteen, in the carding-room of a \nwoollen factory in the town. When he had earned money enough he \nsecured what schooling privileges the vicinity allowed, studying fully \nas faithfully as he had worked. In the meantime, two of his \nbrothers, Charles P. and Edward, had embarked in the business of \nthe manufacture of broadcloths, in Williamsburg, and the family \nsubsequently removed to that place, where Thomas accepted a \nsituation in their mill. Through assiduous attention to his duties, \nand a marked fidelity to the advancement of the interests of his \nemployers, he rose rapidly in their esteem and confidence, and, \nwhen twenty years of age, was given the overseership of the finishing- \nroom. During the winter terms of 1838 and 1839 young Talbot \nmanaged to attend Cunningham Academy, which was the only high- \nschool experience, and the last educational opportunity of the kind, \nthat he was favored with. In the spring of 1839 he went to Pitts- \nfield, where he worked for a short time as a finisher of broadcloths \nfor the Pontoosuc Manufacturing Company. In December of that \nyear his brother Charles removed from Lowell to North Billerica, \nrented an old grist-mill, and transferred his business of grinding \ndyestuffs to that place. Shortly after, he invited Thomas to join \nhim, and the brothers associated themselves in business, under \n\n\n222 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nthe style of C. P. Talbot & Co. The business was a success \nfrom the start, and in 1851 the firm was enabled to purchase \nthe water-power of the Middlesex Canal Company of that town. \nThis investment proving to be a very advantageous one, the \nbrothers increased their business in 1857 by the erection of a new \nmill for the manufacture of woollen flannels. In 1848 Mr. Talbot \nwas united in marriage to Miss Mary Rogers, of Billerica, who died \nthree years later. He remained a widower until 1855, when he \nformed a second union, with Miss Isabella W. Hayden. Mr. Talbot \nfirst entered public life when thirty-three years old, and from that \ntime he was often called upon to fill positions of honor and trust, \nuntil he became the chief executive of the Commonwealth of Mas- \nsachusetts. At the fall election in 1851 he was chosen to represent \nthe Billerica district in the Legislature, and in 1852 he was elected \nas a member of the convention to revise the constitution of the State, \nin both of which positions he made an excellent record. In 1 864 \nMr. Talbot was elected a member of the Executive Council. For \nfive consecutive years he held that honorable position in association \nwith Governors Andrew, Bullock, and Claflin. There he enjoyed \nthe most abundant opportunities for acquainting himself with all the \naffairs of the State, and in those years proved himself to be one of \nthe best of councillors. In 1872 he received the Republican nomi- \nnation for Lieutenant-Governor, the ticket being headed by Hon. \nWilliam B. Washburn. The ticket came off victorious, and Mr. \nTalbot was reflected the following year. During the session of the \nLegislature of 1874 Governor Washburn was chosen to fill the vacancy \nin the Senate of the United States caused by the death of Mr. \nSumner, and from the ist of May in that year until Governor Gaston \nwas inaugurated, Lieutenant-Governor Talbot was the acting-gov- \nefnor of the State. Soon after he assumed the duties of the guber- \nnatorial office, the ten-hcur law was presented to him for approval, \nand he readily gave his signature to the act, which has since been the \nlaw of the State. For the next three years he devoted himself \nprincipally to his manufacturing business. In 1878 Mr. Talbot was \nnominated by the Republicans of the State as their candidate for \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 223 \n\nGovernor, and in a bitter political contest defeated his opponent, \nGen. Benjamin F. Butler, the Democratic candidate. The record of \nGovernor Talbot's administration was a brilliant one, and in every \npublic act he showed himself in favor of economy and retrenchment, \nand in strong opposition to all unnecessary expenditure of public \nmoney. He also approved the bill to extend to public charitable \nand reformatory institutions the provisions of an act of 1875, which \nprovided the inmates liberty of worship according to the dictates of \ntheir conscience. After rendering efficient service to the State as \ngovernor during 1879, Mr. Talbot retired to private life, and con- \ntinued his usefulness in the community as mill-owner and em- \nployer. \n\nTHE MILMORES. \n\nJoseph Milmore, sculptor, was born in Sligo, Ireland, Oct. 22, \n1842, and died in Geneva, Switzerland, Jan. 10, 1886. His residence \nin Boston dates back to the time of his infancy, and he was a pupil \nat the Brimmer and Quincy Grammar schools. During his boyhood \nhe was apprenticed to a cabinet-maker. He disliked the occupation, \nand afterwards became a marble-cutter, and developed an admirable \ntaste for architectural work. He and his brother Martin associated \nthemselves, and together they executed the \" Sphinx,\" now in Mount \nAuburn Cemetery, and designed and executed the statuary on Hor- \nticultural Hall building in Boston. A large number of soldiers' \nmonuments were done by these talented brothers, and they stand in \nmany places throughout the country, including the one on Boston \nCommon, which cost $80,000, and is the most noteworthy of all. \n\nMartin Milmore, sculptor, was born in Sligo, Ireland, Sept. \n14, 1844, and died in Boston Highlands, Mass., July 21, 1883. \nHe came from Ireland to Boston in 1851, and was taught \nlessons in wood-carving, when quite young, by his elder brother, \nJoseph. Martin graduated from the Latin School in 1860, and \nafterwards entered the studio of Thomas Ball. Many years later \nhe established himself in his own studio in Boston. He cut a \nstatuette, entitled \"Devotion,\" for the Sanitary Fair in 1863, and \n\n\n224 . THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nreceived the contract from the city for the Soldiers and Sailors' \nMonument on the Common. He then sailed for Rome, where he \nspent some time in study, completing designs for parts of the monu- \nment while there. It was unveiled in 1877. Mr. Milmore led a \nvery busy life while in Rome, modelling the busts of Pope Pius IX., \nWendell Phillips, Charles Sumner, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and other \neminent men. He designed the soldiers' monument at Charlestown, \nand also the one at Forest Hills Cemetery. His works include busts \nof Longfellow, Theodore Parker, and George Ticknor, in the Public \nLibrary, and the large ideal figures, \" Ceres,\" \" Flora,\" and \" Pomona,\" \nin granite, on Horticultural Hall. His bust of Charles Sumner, \nwhich was presented to George William Curtis by the State of Massa- \nchusetts, after the delivery of the latter's eulogy before the Legislature \nin 1878, has been placed by Mr. Curtis in the Metropolitan Museum. \nAmong Milmore's other public works are his statue of \" Amer- \nica,\" at Fitchburg; his statue of Gen. Sylvanus Thayer, at West \nPoint; and the \"Weeping Lion,\" at Waterville, Me. His last work \nwas a bust of Daniel Webster, which had been ordered by New \nHampshire for the State House at Concord. \n\nHON. WILLIAM PARSONS. \n\nHe was one of the best representatives of the Irish race that \nhas crossed the Atlantic to the Western World. By his scholarship, \nvigor of thought, and chastity of expression, he had everywhere \nattracted and captivated the intellectual classes, and with them was \nthe accepted favorite of the platform. At the same time his elo- \nquence and genial humor made him a source of universal attraction. \nEverywhere he lectured he was recalled, without a single excep- \ntion. He had the most brilliant record ever achieved in this country \nby any transatlantic literary orator. He was engaged every night \nthroughout the lecture season in the different large cities of this \ncountry, when not bent on European travel. \n\nHe was the only European lecturer who -had held his American \naudiences for a consecutive number of years. For nearly twenty \n\n\nBIO GRA PHICA L SKE TCffES. \n\n\nyears he had regularly come to America, and his rare eloquence \nwas welcomed by large audiences in all our cities. He was a \nlecturer of the first order, an orator who ranked with the greatest \nnames of the lyceum, — eloquent, graceful, learned, witty, and im- \npressive, — an Irishman proud of his country and devoted to her \ncause. \n\nMr. Parsons be- \nlonged to the ancient \nProtestant house of Par- \nsons, Earls of Rosse, and \nwas closely related to the \nwell-known constructor \nof the great telescope, \nthe late Earl of Rosse, \npresident of the British \nAssociation, whose name \nmay be associated with \nthose of Franklin, Arago, \nHumbolclt, and the great \nluminaries of the philo- \nsophic fields of science. \nHe was born at Clontarf, \nnear Dublin, in 1823, and \nreceived his education at \nthe Academy of Edin- \nburgh under Dr. Wil- \nliams, the famous Hom- \neric scholar, the friend and associate of Sydney Smith, founder of \n\"The Edinburgh Review.\" He graduated at the University of Edin- \nburgh, under Professor Wilson, the \" Christopher North\" of \"Black- \nwood,\" and the erudite Pillans ; subsequently entering Lincoln's Inn, \nLondon, to prepare for the bar. He was then engaged on one of \nthe leading metropolitan newspapers, and on many occasions con- \ntributed papers of eminent ability to the magazine literature of the \nday. \n\n\n22«> THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nFollowing the natural bent of his tastes and talents, he devoted \nhimself to the lecture platform of Great Britain and Ireland, where \nhe at once achieved a signal success, and became, perhaps, the most \npopular public lecturer in the United Kingdom. Meanwhile, the \nnational movement taking place for an extension of the franchise, \neventuating in Mr. Disraeli's bill for household suffrage, Mr. Parsons \nentered the political arena, where he became a stanch supporter of \nthe people's rights, and one of the most powerful advocates of the \nreform. Here he attracted the attention of the leading men of the \npopular cause, and of its chief inspirer, John Bright, who was so \nstruck by the peculiar force and vivacity of his style as to emphati- \ncally declare that Mr. Parsons' oratory electrified his hearers. The \nReform League considered him as by far their most effective speaker, \nand always placed him where they anticipated the strongest oppo- \nsition to their views. As an evidence of the appreciation in which \nhe was held, he was earnestly solicited to put himself in nomination \nas a candidate for a seat in the British Parliament, to represent one \nof the Yorkshire boroughs. At Bradford, England, he was held the \nchampion of the workmen, who frequently testified their gratitude \nfor his advocacy of their cause. \n\nThere was a novel power and freshness in his style, eminently \nhis own, which rendered it captivating to his hearers ; the treatment \nof his subject, whether literary or political, was picturesque and lucid. \nHe had a keen sense of humor and a poetic fancy, and, above all \nan earnest sincerity pervaded the varied graces of an accomplished, \nspeaker. Illustration and anecdote were poured forth with consum- \nmate skill, throwing light and shade upon the topic under \nconsideration. In the description of natural scenery he was graphic \nin the extreme. In the close and analytical delineation of character \nMr. Parsons exhibited rare power, and portrayed his principal figures \nin a manner life-like and vivid. \n\nWhen but recently arrived, a stranger in this country, he had \nready acceptance at once yielded to him from the American pressf \nvying with the eulogies of the press of their transatlantic brethren. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 227 \n\nThe New York \" Herald,\" in its report of his debut in the Cooper \nInstitute, said : — \n\nHe spoke without notes or manuscript, and with a vigor, fluency, and \nbeauty of language that evoked repeated rounds of applause, such as is rarely \nheard in the Cooper Institute. His peroration might very well answer for a classic \nmodel of scholastic declamation. \n\nHe brought to this country the most cordial commendations \nfrom distinguished Englishmen and leading British journals. His \ngreat popularity in the New England States is well known ; in Boston \nhe lectured eighty times, and wherever he spoke in the West and \nMiddle States, as well as in the East, he was invited to return the \nfollowing season ; and he was repeatedly recalled in the same course. \n\nMr. Parsons died in the city of Boston. The deceased passed \naway on the evening of Jan. I, 1888, aged 65 years. Throughout \nthe United States the name of \" Hon. William Parsons, of Ireland,\" \nas he was usually announced, was mourned. \n\nIn his last illness, which was brief, confining him only a few \ndays, he asked for the services of a Catholic priest, saying, \" My \nmother was a Catholic, and I want to die in her religion.\" He was \nattended by a good priest, who was also his old friend, Rev. Denis \nO'Callaghan, of St. Augustine's Church, South Boston, whom he \nwished to hear his confession ; and before his death he received from \nhis hand the sacraments of the Church. \n\nPATRICK DONAHOE. \n\nPatrick Donahoe, the founder of the \"Pilot\" and the Nestor of \nCatholic journalism in New England, was born in Munnery, Parish \nof Kilmore, County Cavan, Ireland, March 17, 1814. He came to \nthis country in 1825, and located in Boston. After a few years' \nschooling here, while still in his teens he entered the printing-office \nof the \" Columbian Sentinel,\" where he acquired the art of type- \nsetting and other branches of the business. The prejudice was very \ngreat against Irish Catholics in those days, and amounted to almost \n\n\n228 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nan exclusion from the social circle. There were but few Catholics in \nBoston at that time, and only one little church to accommodate the \nCatholics for miles around. In no way discouraged by the prevail- \ning proscription, however, the youth fought his way until he reached \nmanhood, all the time having in view the establishment of a paper \nto defend his religion and race ; and the opportunity finally arrived. \n\n\" The Jesuit,\" a paper established by Bishop Fenwick, of \nBoston, was about to be discontinued, and Mr. Donahoe, with Mr. \nDevereaux, secured the paper, and changed the name to the \n\"Literary and Catholic Sentinel.\" This paper did not prove \nsuccessful, however, and was subsequently abandoned. Repulsed, \nbut not defeated, Messrs. Donahoe and Devereaux, in a few years \nlater, again began the publication of another Catholic paper, the \nBoston \" Pilot,\" which, under his management, reached a popularity \nprobably not surpassed by any Catholic or Irish paper on the \ncontinent. At the breaking out of the Civil War Mr. Donahoe took \nan active part in the organization of the Irish troops for the defence \nof the Union. He was treasurer of the funds for equipping and \npreparing the gallant old Irish Ninth Massachusetts Regiment, com- \nmanded by Col. Thomas Cass, for service, and on the day of their \ndeparture presented the regiment with ten bags of gold, each con- \ntaining one hundred gold dollars, — one gold dollar for each man. \n\nHe also assisted in the formation of the Faugh-a-Ballagh, \nTwenty-eighth Massachusetts Regiment, and aided the boys at \nCamp Cameron, Cambridge, during the early period of the war. \nHis paper, the \" Pilot,\" also took a leading part in encouraging and \nsustaining the Federal cause. \n\nMr. Donahoe accumulated a large fortune, notwithstanding he \ngave away large sums to various charitable purposes; to one \ninstitution alone, in Boston, he gave not far from ten thousand \ndollars. In 1872, St. John's Church, on Moore street, this city, \nwas offered for sale, the congregation having purchased another \non Hanover street. He saw the great need of a school in that \nsection of the city, and purchased the building, and made it over to \nthe Rt. Rev. Bishop Williams. On this estate he paid some six or \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. * 229 \n\nseven thousand dollars, interest on the original purchase, $20,000. \nHis intention was to pay the purchase-money, and he probably would \nhave done so were it not for the great fire and other financial disas- \nters. There is now a flourishing school in the building, of some nine \nor ten hundred children (girls), under the charge of the good Sisters \nof Notre Dame. Scarcely a church in New England that did not \nreceive of his bounty. The poor priest from Ireland experienced \nhis charity and hospitality. The American College at Rome, Mill \nHill College, England, for the education of priests for the colored \nrace, and other foreign institutions, partook of his charity. \n\nThe great fire in Boston, in November, 1872, destroyed his \nsplendid granite block, which cost to erect $150,000. His book \nstock, stereotype plates, etc., to the value of $100,000, were \ndestroyed. Mr. Donahoe had a fine catalogue of Catholic works, \nand books relating to Ireland. . All were swept away in a few \nhours. The building was one of the finest in the city. This was \na terrible blow. The work of a lifetime swept away by the fire \nfiend ! A few weeks after the great fire, Mr. Donahoe was burnt \nout a second time; his bookstore on Washington street was de- \nstroyed in May, 1873. \n\nNothing daunted, Mr. Donahoe commenced to erect a suitable \nplace for his business, and built a large and commodious structure on \nBoylston street, which he occupied in seven or eight months after the \ngreat November fire. \n\nThe severe financial losses which he incurred, however, were so \nextended that he was compelled to fail in business shortly afterwards. \nIn addition to his large newspaper and publishing business, he had \npreviously opened a private bank, where he took money on deposit. \nAt the time of his failure he was indebted to depositors to the \namount of $73,000. His Grace Archbishop Williams came to \nthe* rescue, and purchased a three-fourths interest in the \" Pilot.\" \n\nHe placed it under the editorial and business management of \nJohn Boyle O'Reilly, and from that time forward yearly instalments \nfrom the earnings of the paper were paid to the depositors, until \n1883, when the full principal was returned. The business adversity \n\n\n230 THE IRISH IN BOSTON, \n\nwhich Mr. Patrick Donahoe was subjected to was due to many un- \nfortunate causes. \n\nHe was in the habit of assisting his friends by indorsing their \npaper, to enable them to carry on their business, and in this way he \nlost about $250,000. In the great Boston fire he lost over $350,000. \nTo these may be added the losses of two other fires, which took \naway all his surplus capital. He had still the means to pay every \ndollar he owed; but when the panic came, and the friends who had \nlent him money to carry on his business were forced to call in their \nassets, he was compelled to go under. The \" Pilot\" office and book- \nstore, that cost, with fixtures, nearly $140,000, sold for $105,000, \nand the journal (worth $100,000), the machinery of which cost over \n$38,000, sold for $28,000. And so it was with his residence, and \nother property which he had mortgaged after the fires to enable \nhim to carry on his business, — they shrunk in value so that they did \nnot realize what they were mortgaged for. \n\nMr. Donahoe was twice married, first on Nov. 23, 1836, and \nfour children were the result of this union, one of whom survives. \nHis second marriage occurred April 17, 1853; he has since be- \ncome the father of three sons and one daughter, all of whom are \nliving. \n\nHe has filled many positions of trust. He was one of the \nBoard of Directors for Public Institutions for nine years, President \nof the Emigrant Savings Bank, President of the Home for Desti- \ntute Catholic Children, etc. The latter institution is partly indebted \nto him for the splendid building now situated on Harrison avenue, \nEast Concord, and Stoughton streets. \n\nHe is at present engaged in the passenger and foreign exchange \nbusiness, in which he has been interested for upwards of forty years. \nThis was the only branch of his business that he was able to save \nfrom the wreck of his vast enterprises. \n\nHe also publishes \" Donahoe's Magazine,\" which has attained a \nvery large circulation, and is increasing in favor with the Irish people \nat home and abroad. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n231 \n\n\nTHOMAS D'ARCY McGEE. \n\nA poet, orator, and statesman of brilliant mind was Thomas \nD'Arcy McGce. He was born at Carlingford, County Louth, Ire- \nland, April 13, 1825. When very young he was left an orphan, and \nwas cared for by his relatives in Ireland. After he had received a \nlimited course of study in the ordinary day-schools of Wexford, he \ncame to the United States, with \nhis sister, in his seventeenth year. \nWhen he arrived here, in June, \n1842, the agitation of the Repeal \nMovement was exciting the pa- \ntriotism of his countrymen in \nAmerica, and although but a \nmere boy in years he exerted \nmuch influence in behalf of the \ncause. \n\nThe Fourth of July came, \nand it brought to his poetic mind \nthe grandeur of free America. \nOn that day he was present at an \nassemblage of his countrymen. \nHe was called to the front, and \nhis speech fairly carried the house by storm. His brilliant words \nand impassioned eloquence earned for him the title of \" the boy \norator.\" \n\nA few days later he was offered a position on the Boston \"Pilot,\" \nand in less than two years he became its editor-in-chief, being then but \nnineteen years of age. The Native-Americanism movement then ran \nrampant, and our young editor's powerful pen and eloquent tongue \nattacked the un-American and unmanly insult, and every part of New \nEngland echoed with his scathing denunciations. In the Repeal \nagitation, McGee was actively interested, his editorials on the Irish \nquestion were masterly specimens of a gifted mind. In the old \n\n\nTHOMAS D ARCY McGEE. \n\n\n232 THE IKISII LV BOSTON. \n\ncountry his people were attracted and encouraged by them, and \nDaniel O'Conncll paid him a public tribute of praise. \n\nHe left Boston during the agitation to fill the editor's chair \nof the Dublin \" Freeman,\" one of the ablest papers in Ireland, be- \ning then only twenty-two years of age. The policy of the paper \nwas tame, much unsuited to the mind of McGee, who transferred \nhis duties to the \"Irish Nation,\" the organ of the Young Ireland \nparty, where he met a staff of brilliant editors, and every man a star, \n— Davis, Duffy, Dcvin, Mitchell, and Reilly. What a galaxy! Per- \nhaps no other paper ever had such a talented corps of brilliant \nmen attached to it as the \" Nation \" of McGec's day. \n\nThe cause of the Irish patriots ended disastrously, and the old \nstory of treachery, imprisonment, and death was repeated, and many \nbrave Irish fellows fell victims to England's hatred. \n\nMcGce escaped from Ireland and arrived in New York Oct. 10, \n1848, and on the 26th of the same month the first number of the \nNew York \" Nation \" appeared. McGce was then a disappointed \nman, and charged the failure of the rising to the Irish prelates and \npriests. A long and disagreeable controversy ensued between \nMcGce and Archbishop Hughes, of New York, who took up the \ndefence, and maintained that the action of the Irish clergy was right, \njust, and patriotic in saving from indiscriminate slaughter those who \nhad no means of cither offence or defence. McGce's standing was \nvery much injured and his influence weakened with the best portion \nof his countrymen in America, and his paper suffered thereby. He \nstarted the \" American Celt\" in Boston in 1850, but afterwards trans- \nferred it to Buffalo, and later to New York City. \n\nThe tone of the new journal was more conservative, the mis- \nhaps, disappointments, and difficulties which McGec had met soft- \nened his aspirations and brought deeper and more mature thought \nto his solution of political questions and policies. The \" American \nCelt \" became popular, and had a beneficent influence on the Irish \nin America and Ireland. He became engaged in the colonization \nscheme, which has since been successfully carried on by Bishops \nIreland, Spaulding, and others. It is claimed that McGce was the \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 233 \n\noriginal projector of this enterprise. Archbishop Hughes, it is said, \ndenounced the plan of colonization as mapped out by McGee, for \nreasons which his wisdom foresaw. This opposition, together with \nfinancial embarrassment, led McGee to accept an invitation from the \nIrish in Montreal to come and reside among them. They gave him \nsufficient real estate to make him eligible to Parliament, and he was \nsuccessfully elected, after a hot contest. \n\nHe started a paper, the \" New Era ; \" also studied law, and was \nadmitted to the Lower Canadian Bar. His masterly abilities and \nbreadth of statesmanship won him place and fame in Parliament \nabove all his contemporaries. In 1 865 he was presented by his con- \nstituents in Montreal with a beautiful residence in that city, as a sub- \nstantial mark of their high esteem. He was President of the \nExecutive Council, and also acting Provincial Secretary in 1862. \nHe was sent to Paris in 1867 as one of the Canadian Commissioners \nto the great Exposition, and afterwards travelled over portions of the \nContinent. At that time he was Minister of Agriculture and Emi- \ngration ; before he returned home he was a leader in the delibera- \ntions which the representatives of the Canadian government had with \nthe home government in regard to the plan of confederation, which \nMcGee had developed and urged throughout the provinces. The \nproject was approved and perfected, — the Dominion of Canada \nwas established. McGee was offered a seat in the Cabinet, but he \ndeclined, in order that a fellow-Celt from Nova Scotia might have \nthe honor. \n\nMcGee antagonized the Fenians of his day by denouncing them, \nespecially those who had advocated the invasion of Canada. It is \nalleged that he was regarded by them as a traitor to his country and \nits cause. They induced Barney Devlin, an able Montreal advocate, \nto contest McGee's seat in Parliament ; a bitter contest followed ; \nMcGee was returned, but not by a majority of his countrymen, and \nhe took his seat in the first Parliament of the Dominion Government. \nThe anxieties, irritations, labors, and sorrows of those years at length \nimpaired his health and confined him for some three months to his \nroom. \n\n\n234 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nShortly after his recovery, his brilliant life was brought to an \nuntimely end. He was assassinated on April 7, 1867, on his way \nhome from the Parliament House, Ottawa, after having delivered one \nof his wonderful speeches. \n\nThe career of this remarkable man is unique and striking. \nAs an unknown boy he came to America, not having had the advan- \ntage of a collegiate education, and only the training and experience \nwhich could be had in those days in an unimportant town in Ireland. \nYet, although but just seventeen, he leaps into an important position \nin the cultivated city of Boston, and develops a power as a strong, \nable, vigorous, and classical writer, that placed him with the best in \nthe land. As a statesman, orator, poet, and writer, he has had few \nequals. His vast fund of knowledge on every conceivable subject \nwas supplemented by an inexhaustible command of language, chaste, \nbeautiful, felicitous, and pointed, illumined by a brilliant imagination \nand filled with poetic fancies. He was unrivalled as a conversation- \nalist, overflowing with wit, humor, anecdotes; consonant with this \nwas his wonderful popularity as an after-dinner speaker, in which he \nwas unapproachable. But while these qualities gave softness to his \ncharacter, they did not take away from the intenseness of his oratory \nor the breadth, massiveness, and solidity of his political views. \n\nREV. HENRY GILES. \n\nHenry Giles, an able and distinguished divine, was born at \nCrockford, in the County Wexford, Ireland, Nov. I, 1809; died near \nBoston, July, 1882. He was educated at home, amidst various \nreligious beliefs. This unsettled his religious views for awhile ; but \nhe finally joined the Unitarians, and was called to the pastorate of a \nchurch at Greenock, Scotland, afterwards to Liverpool. He came \nto the United States in 1841, and his solid talents were quickly \nrecognized, and he became a popular preacher and lecturer. His \nworks include \" Irish Lectures and Essays \" (2 vols., Boston, 1845), \n\" Christian Thoughts in Life,\" \" Illustrations on Genius in Some of \nits Applications to Society and Culture.\" Giles was a clear, versatile, \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 235 \n\nand powerful writer. He wrote a great deal for contemporary litera- \nture in the best periodicals of the country. He passed many days \nhere in Boston, and those of us who can remember him on the \nlecture platform, as he first stepped forward to speak, will agree that \nthe delightful and genuine surprise he gave grew to singularly strong \nadmiration, when, from a commonplace-appearing citizen he grandly \nrose to oratorical heights. \n\nTHOMAS J. GARGAN. \n\nAmong the able men of Boston who have become distinguished \nfor their superior achievements in public life and by their eminent \nabilities at the bar, few indeed of the Irish race have attained \nso deservedly conspicuous a place as Thomas J. Gargan. His wise \ncounsel and good judgment in political affairs have been sought and \nfollowed by leading Democrats, and they have affixed the seal of com- \nmendation to his many valuable acts. Mr. Gargan was born of Irish \nparents, at the West End, in Boston, 1844. His parents emigrated \nfrom Ireland and settled in Boston in 1825. Thomas was one of \nnine children, and he attended the public schools until he graduated \nas a medal scholar from the Phillips Grammar School. He continued \nhis studies under the private instructions of the Rev. Peter Kruse, \nS.J., and subsequently attended the Boston University Law School, \nwhere he graduated, receiving the degree of LL.B., after which he \nstudied law in the office of Hon. Henry W. Paine, and in due time \nwas admitted to practice. \n\nEarly in life he displayed the oratorical gifts which have won the \nadmiration of distinguished men both at home and abroad. He was \nnot seventeen years old when he delivered an \" Essay on the Irish in the \nWar for the Union,\" under the auspices of the Cheverus Literary Insti- \ntute, an organization of which he was a leading member, and which \nbrought out many interesting exhibitions at that time in Boston, \nnotably one given at the Boston Theatre for the poor of Ireland. He \nengaged in the United States service at the breaking out of the late war, \nbeing then only eighteen years of age. He enlisted in Company C, \n\n\n236 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nFifty-fifth Mass. Volunteers — an Irish regiment; he was elected and \ncommissioned as lieutenant of Company C, which was afterwards \nconsolidated with the Forty-eighth Massachusetts. He received an \nhonorable discharge from the War Department. \n\nAfter his return from the war, Mr. Gargan entered into the duties \nof his profession, and his practice steadily grew to proportions \nand success far beyond his own anticipations. He first appeared as \na public speaker during the war, before he had reached his majority. \nA war meeting was held, at which Hon. Otis Norcross presided ; and \nduring the proceedings an attack was made by an ex-Know-Nothing \nupon the loyalty and patriotism of adopted citizens, to which Mr. \nGargan replied with so much ability and eloquence, citing examples \nand statistics to prove their devotion to their adopted country, that \nat the suggestion of Mr. Norcross, and by the unanimous vote of the \nmeeting, Mr. Gargan's name was added to the Union committee. \nThe first year that he voted, he was nominated and elected by both \nparties as warden of the ward wherein he resided (old Ward 3), and \nshortly afterwards he was chosen to the Legislature, serving in the \nyears 1868, 1870, and 1876. During these terms he served on the \nCommittees of Public Charities, Probate and Chancery, Rules and \nOrders, .and Manufactures, besides several important special com- \nmittees. In 1872 he was a delegate-at-large from this State to the \nNational Convention at Baltimore, Md. \n\nFor two years (1873-74) he was the President of the Charitable \nIrish Society, and is still a member of that, as well as many other \nimportant charitable associations. He was mainly instrumental in \nobtaining the charter for the Emigrant Savings Bank, after a hard \nfight and severe opposition ; he was its treasurer for two years \nand a half. In 1875 he served as a member of the Board of \nOverseers of the Poor of Boston. His legal practice has extended \nto cases of some of the most prominent and wealthy men, and also \nto large and powerful corporations, in the management of which he \nhas been very successful. \n\nMr. Gargan, when a young man, had few superiors of his age as \na debater, then being very ready in reply, and fortifying any position \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 237 \n\nwhich he took by a strong array of facts. In February, 1876, he de- \nlivered the annual oration before the Mechanic Apprentices' Library \nAssociation, — an address which has been pronounced by competent \ncritics as one of the best ever delivered before the society ; and \nanother very powerful speech of his was that made in opposition to \nthe bill brought up in the House, a year earlier, taxing church \nproperty. \n\nHe rapidly developed his oratorical power, and carefully culti- \nvated the best points in public speaking which were used by the \nmasters of the rostrum ; and he is recognized to-day by the press and \npeople as an orator, eloquent, masterly, and learned. His manner \nbefore a jury or public assemblage is pleasing and graceful; with \nfinely modulated voice, that commands immediate attention, he \ninterests his hearers at once, and wins their sympathy from the be- \nginning to the close of his discourses, which, by the way, always \nafford abundant evidence of extensive reading, much thought and \nculture, besides being strong in facts, sound and logical in argu- \nment. \n\nIn the spring of 1881 Mr. Gargan met General Grant, and \nspent many pleasant hours with him in Mexico. His impressions \nof General Grant, which appeared in the Boston \" Daily Globe \" of \nAugust 3, 1885, were uniquely descriptive of the dead hero, and \ncaused considerable and favorable comment throughout the country. \nAt the banquet given in honor of General Grant by the Mexican \nGovernment, in the Tivoli of San Cosme, in May, 1881, the Mexican \ndignitaries attended in a body ; Mr. Gargan was present, with Col. \nThomas B. Lewis and Mr. Albert K. Owen. Mr. Gargan had the \nhonor of acting as president of the feast ; he presided most hand- \nsomely, and made a characteristic speech, full of wit and wisdom. \nAmong his many speeches, the most notable are the following : The \none made at Marblehead in 1882, at the ratification meeting of Butler \nand Bowerman; the Bay State dinner speech, in 1884, on which \noccasion Washington's birthday was commemorated by the Demo- \ncratic State Central Committee ; the argument made by him on be- \nhalf of Archbishop Williams, in the Lawrence Church case, upon the \n\n\n238 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\ndecision of which rested the title of all the Catholic Church property \nin New England. The case went to the Supreme Court, and was \nwon by Mr. Gargan. The Memorial-day oration, delivered at Win- \nchendon, May 30, 1883. He made a spirited, eloquent, and telling \narraignment of Elaine in a speech delivered at Faneuil Hall during \nthe campaign of 1884. \n\nHe delivered the Fourth of July oration in 1885, which, for the \nbeauty and newness of its summary, brilliancy of style, and copious- \nness of historical minutiae, ranks among the best ever given to Bos- \ntonians. Mr. Gargan's witty extempore speech at Tremont Temple, \nOct. 21, 1885, ratifying the candidacy of Hon. Frederick O. Prince, \nattracted much attention; his oration at Halifax, in January, 1886, at \nthe banquet given by the Charitable Irish Society of that place, to \ncelebrate the centenary of the organization, and at which he responded \nfor the Charitable Irish Society of Boston, was eventful, and won en- \ncomiums for him from both the foreign and American press. His \nversatility in the field of journalism has been shown by numerous \narticles written for the Boston press on Irish subjects, and special \ncorrespondence relating to the Franco-Prussian War, which he penned \njvhile sojourning in Ireland and France. \n\nTHE MOST REV. JOHN J. WILLIAMS. \n\nThe Most Rev. John J. Williams, the fourth Bishop and first \nArchbishop of Boston, was born in Boston, Mass., April 27, 1822. \nA-fter the usual classical education in Montreal and at St. Sulpice in \nParis, he was elevated to the priesthood by the Rt. Rev. Bishop Fen- \nwick, in 1843. Among his other missions was that of the chapel on \nBeach street, Boston (January, 1852), which had been built in 1850 to \nmeet the increasing Catholic population in the vicinity of the South \n- Cove. Under his ministration the congregation grew so rapidly that \nin one year it was found necessary to erect a large Gothic church, which \nwas dedicated, in 1855, by Bishop Fitzpatrick. The Very Rev. J. J. \nWilliams was Vicar-General and pastor of this church at the time he \nwas made Coadjutor Bishop of Boston, having also been rector of \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 239 \n\nthe old Cathedral in Franklin street, which was pulled down in the \nfall of 1860, the last Mass being celebrated on Sunday, September \n1 6, of that year, on which occasion the present Archbishop acted as \nassistant priest. In 1866 the Very Rev. John J. Williams, on account \nof the failing health of Bishop Fitzpatrick, was appointed Coadjutor \nBishop of Boston, with the right of succession. Bishop Fitzpatrick \ndied on Feb. 13, 1 866, and on March II of the same year Bishop \nWilliams was consecrated at St. James' Church, of which he had been \nso long the pastor. From Oct. 19, 1869, to June 27, 1870, Bishop \nWilliams was in Europe attending the Vatican Council. On May 2, \n1875, he received the pallium at the hands of the late Cardinal \nMcCloskey. The Solemn High Mass was celebrated by Bishop \nMcNierny, of Albany ; Bishop De Goesbriand, of Burlington, Vt., \npreaching the sermon. It was the grandest religious ceremony ever \nseen in New England. On the same day the first American Cardinal \ncelebrated his first Mass in Boston. The Cathedral of the Holy \nCross was solemnly dedicated by Archbishop Williams, Dec. 8, 1875, \nthe feast of the Immaculate Conception. \n\nAt the time of his consecration the diocese of Boston included \nall the State of Massachusetts. Since then the diocese of Spring- \nfield (including the counties of Berkshire, Franklin, Hampshire, \nHampden, and Worcester) and part of the diocese of Providence \n(including Bristol, Barnstable, and part of Plymouth counties) were \ncreated. To-day the archdiocese of Boston has over one hundred \nand sixty churches, three hundred and twenty priests, and twenty-five \nthousand children in the parochial schools. The churches through- \nout the archdiocese are, for the most part, objects of pride to the \nCatholic heart, because of their beauty and elegance. After years of \npatient struggle, their financial condition is such as to warrant the \nbelief that before many years have passed they will be entirely \nrelieved of debt Schools are multiplying every year ; the sick, the \norphan, and the outcast are provided for ; while last, but not least, \nthe new Seminary at Brighton is doing excellent work in preparing \ncandidates for the work of the priesthood. This work has been for \nyears the subject of the Archbishop's thoughts. Not a detail of its \n\n\n240 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nconstruction escaped his notice ; and it stands to-day a monument to \nthe zeal and piety of the clergy of Boston, their tribute of love and \naffection to their well-beloved Archbishop. In the building of the \nCathedral he received valuable aid from the late Vicar-General P. F. \nLyndon ; but the Seminary is his own work, to which he has given \nhis heart and brain. \n\nRIGHT REV. MATTHEW HARKINS. \n\nThe Right Rev. Matthew Harkins, the second bishop of the \ndiocese of Providence, is of Irish parentage. He was born in Boston, \nNov. 17, 1845, and his parents resided in the parish of which he has \nrecently been pastor. He attended the Brimmer and Quincy Schools, \nand then the Latin School, from which he graduated, with a Franklin \nmedal, in 1862. The next scholastic year was spent in completing \nhis classical education at Holy Cross College, Worcester, Mass. De- \nciding that he had a vocation for the priesthood, Bishop Fitzpatrick, \nthen the ordinary of the Boston diocese, sent him to France to pursue \nhis philosophico-theological studies in the English College of Douay \nand at the Seminary of St. Sulpice in Paris. Here he studied with \nthe most eminent teachers and divines of the Catholic Church. In \n1869, after six years' study, he was ordained, and left Paris for Rome, \nfor additional study. On his return to America, his first appointment \nwas as curate of the Church of the Immaculate Conception, Salem, \nMass. After six years' labor at Salem, he was appointed, in 1876, \nto his first pastorate, St. Malachi's Church, Arlington, his parish also \nincluding Lexington and Belmont. Here he remained until April, \n1 884, when he was transferred to the large and important parish of \nSt. James', Boston. From this church, also, Archbishop Williams \nand Bishop Healy were raised to Sees. Bishop Harkins is the sixth \nbishop which the diocese of Boston has given to the Church in New \nEngland. \n\nHe is a sound theological scholar, and was selected by Arch- \nbishop Williams as his theologian at the recent Plenary Council \nof Baltimore, where he was appointed one of the notaries. His \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 241 \n\npowers are most strongly felt as an organizer and administrator, — \nqualities which he possesses to an unusual degree, and which won for \nhim his appointment as Bishop. He is of medium height, and strong \nand compact in build. His forehead is high, and his eyes beam with \nintelligence. He speaks with ease and fluency, and commands the \nearnest attention of an audience. \n\nHe severed many ties in leaving Boston, but accepted the charge \nof an important field, to which he was warmly welcomed, \n\nREV. ROBERT FULTON, S.J. \n\nHonored and respected by the citizens of Boston of all creeds \nfor his many virtues, his modesty, and profound learning, Father \nFulton, the distinguished Catholic priest of the Society of Jesus, \nstands without a peer in this city among the ministers of religion, as \na successful scholar and financier. Born at Alexandria, Va., June \n28, 1826, his Irish ancestry can be traced to his grandfather, James \nO'Brien, who was sent to Spain while engaged in the diplomatic ser- \nvice of the United States. The\" vessel on which he sailed was wrecked \noff Cape Hatteras, and O'Brien perished. His widow received a pen- \nsion from the Spanish Government. Young Fulton was an orphan \nat seven years of age. During his boyhood he was a page in the \nUnited States Senate. He met the intellectual giants of those days, \nand he now relates the characteristics of Webster, Clay, Calhoun, and \nThomas Benton, as he saw them, nearly half a century ago. \n\nThe boy Fulton entered Georgetown College at sixteen years of \nage, ostensibly to receive a preparatory course of studies to fit him \nfor West Point. His life at Georgetown College shaped his early \ncourse, and in his seventeenth year he communicated his desire to \nenter the Society of Jesus to his mother. The latter then resolved \nto consecrate her life also to the service of God. She accordingly \nentered the order of the Visitation Nuns, at whose convent in George- \ntown she was known in religion as Sister Olympian \n\nShe died at the convent on the morning of Feb. 22, 1888, at the \nripe old age of eighty-nine years and ten months. \n\n\n242 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nOn the completion of his novitiate, Mr. Fulton, then a scholastic, \ntaught the class of rhetoric at St. John's, Frederick, Md., and Loyola \nCollege, Baltimore, Md. Thence he went to Georgetown College, and \ntaught with great success the classes of poetry and r,hetoric for a \nnumber of years, and had for his pupils many distinguished scholars \nof the present day. In the year 1856 he was ordained to the priest- \nhood at Georgetown, and in 1861 came to Boston, and remained \nhere, excepting one year spent in Frederick, until January, 1880. \n\nHe was prominent in the foundation of Boston College, and in \n1864 fulfilled the duties of prefect of schools and studies. From a \nvery discouraging beginning he raised Boston College to the high \nposition which that institution now holds. Twelve years elapsed \nbefore he introduced the first class of philosophy, and by thus going \nslowly he was enabled to strengthen all the departments, and place \nthe college on a firm basis. \n\nIn 1870 Father Fulton was appointed rector of Boston College, \nand during the time of his residence in Boston he became a friend \nof some of the most distinguished literary men of the city, and \nexerted a wide influence in the advancement of Catholic education. \n\nHe founded the Young Men's Catholic Association of Boston \nCollege in 1875, which was one of the greatest works that he has \never engaged in. In 1880 Father Fulton was appointed pastor of St. \nLawrence's Church, New York, and held that position for one year. \n\nOwing to his financial success in the administration of affairs at \nBoston College and the Church of the Immaculate Conception, he \nwas called upon by the then provincial of the Society, Rev. R. W. \nBrady, S.J., to undertake the almost herculean task of freeing St. \nAloysius' Church, of Washington, from a debt of $200,000. Though \nnaturally averse to such tasks, he obeyed the voice of his superior, \nand under great difficulties he was enabled in less than one year to \nplace the Washington church out of all danger of financial ruin, \npaying off in that time about $100,000. In May, 1882, he was ap- \npointed provincial of New York, Maryland province, and held that \noffice for six years. His administration was marked by great success, \nboth in a financial and literary point of view. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 243 \n\nIn September, 1883, Father Fulton went to Rome as a delegate \nfrom this province to the general Congregation, whose suffrage \nelected the present general, Very Rev. A. M. Anderledy, S.J. In \nDecember, 1 886, he was called to Ireland, receiving the appointment \nto the supreme office of Visitor, and having power to regulate all \nmatters affecting that portion of the Society, including Australia and \nNew Zealand. He returned to America in April, 1887, but in Sep- \ntember of the same year he visited Ireland in order to complete the \ndischarge of his duties. In April, 1888, he returned once again to \nAmerica. His appointment to the important position of Provincial \nfor this country was earned by his world-wide administrative ability \nand business foresight. In June, 1888, his second term of office \nhaving expired, he was succeeded by Very Rev. Thomas Campbell, \nS.J., formerly rector of St. John's College, Fordham, New York. \nOn July 4, 1888, he was announced at Boston College as its rector; \nhe immediately assumed the duties incumbent upon him, and con- \ntinues his excellent work there. He is now actively engaged in \nremodelling and enlarging the present buildings connected with the \nCollege and the rooms of the Young Men's Catholic Association on \nJames street, which, when completed, will more than double their \npresent dimensions. Plans for alterations have been drawn, and the \nbuilding is in process of reconstruction. \n\nROBERT DWYER JOYCE. \n\nRobert Dwyer Joyce, author, poet, and physician, was born in \nthe County of Limerick, Ireland, and died in Dublin, Ireland, \nOctober 23, 1883. He was a descendant of the elder branch of \nthe ancient family of Joyce (De Jorse), of Galway. His father \nwas born in County Limerick, and married Elizabeth, daughter of \nJohn O'Dwyer, of Glendarragh, the last lineal descendant of the \ncelebrated John O'Dwyer, of the Glen, Baron of Kilmana, whose title \nwas forfeited after the Williamite wars, and who subsequently died a \ngeneral in the French service. His mother's family numbered many \nrenowned Celtic military geniuses of Europe. One, Count William \n\n\n244 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nO'Dwyer, died a marshal in Russia; another, John O'Dwyer, was \nmade hereditary Count of the Austrian Empire for saving the life of \nthe Emperor Joseph in action ; and the present count, Jean Haudois \n(O'Dwyer), commanded part of the advance of the French cavalry \nat the battle of Solferino. \n\nDr. Joyce received his rudimentary education at the ordinary \ncountry English and classical school near his father's home. He \nwas sent to Dublin to complete his studies, and afterwards studied \nmedicine at the Queen's University, where he received his degree, \nand was then appointed Professor of English Literature in the Pre- \nparatory College of the Catholic University, Dublin. He practised \nhis profession for several years in Dublin with success, and in 1 866 \ncame to America and located in Boston. \n\nEarly in life he displayed rare poetic ability, and later his bril- \nliant historical and legendary ballads appeared in some of the best \nIrish magazines and newspapers. He was a leading contributor to \n\" The Harp,\" a Cork magazine, under the nom de plume of \" Fear- \ndana,\" and also to the \" Dublin Hibernian Magazine \" and the \n\"National Monthly.\" He was the author of \"The Blacksmith of \nLimerick,\" \" Ballads, Romances, and Songs,\" and other literary pro- \nductions. He was a Celt in disposition and spirit, and in his writings, \nfrom the inception of Fenianism to its close, he exerted an inspiring \ninfluence in favor of resistance against the English government. \n\nIn 1862 he wrote a number of miscellaneous poems and stories \nfor the \" Weekly Illustrated Journal,\" of Dublin, and later a serial \nentitled \" The Squire of Castleton,\" for the Dublin \" Irishman.\" In \n1865 he became a regular contributor to the Dublin \" Irish People,\" \nunder the signature of \" Merelon,\" and his busy pen for a time \ndirected the thoughts that animated the loyal minds for the cause of \nnational freedom and Irish liberty. In Boston he secured quite an \nextensive practice as a physician, and was phenomenally successful \nfrom the start. In 1872 his poems were published in book form, \ncomplete to that year, known as \" Ballads of Irish Chivalry, Songs, \nand Poems,\" and the Irish and American press eulogized the volume \nwith one accord. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 245 \n\nHis \"Deirdre\" and \"Blanid,\" two beautiful epics, won him \nconsiderable literary fame in this country. People wondered how a \nbusy physician could find time to produce these two exhaustive \npoems, in addition to his many other duties. Indeed, it was remark- \nable then, as it is indicative of his genius now. He has left us an \nIrish epic, based on the traditions and glory of the Irish race, and \nthe only land of which he could sing. \n\n\" Though many a field I've searched of foreign lore, \n\nAnd found great themes for song, yet ne'er would I \nSeek Greece, or Araby, or Persia's shore \n\nFor heroes and the deeds of days gone by ; \nTo my own native land my heart would fly, \n\nHowe'er my fancy wandered, and I gave \nMy thoughts to her, and to the heroes high \n\nShe nursed in ages gone, and strove to save \nSome memory of their deeds from dark oblivion's wave.\" \n\nPATRICK R. GUINEY. \n\nGeneral Patrick R. Guiney, lawyer, soldier, and patriot, was born \nin Parkstown, Tipperary, Ireland, Jan. 15, 1835, died in Boston, March \n21, 1877. He was brought to the United States by his parents in \n1842, and for a while located in Portland, Me., where he attended \nthe public schools, and later Holy Cross College, Worcester, Mass. \nHe came to Boston in 1855, studied law, and was admitted to the \nbar in 1856. In 1859 he was married in this city. At the beginning \nof the late Civil War he enlisted as private, in April, 1861 ; he was \npromoted to a Captaincy, June 11, 1861, and went as such to the \nfield ; he helped largely in organizing the Ninth Massachusetts Volun- \nteers; he was commissioned Major, Oct. 24, 1862 ; Lieutenant-Colonel, \nJuly 28, 1862 ; complimented in special orders for bravery at Games' \nMills, June 27, 1862; promoted to Colonel for service in the field, \nJuly 26, 1863 ; commanded the Second Brigade, First Division, Fifth \nCorps, most of the following year ; he lost his left eye by a terrible \nwound in the forehead, at the battle of the Wilderness, May 5, 1864; \nmustered out with the regiment ; promoted Brevet Brigadier-General, \n\n\n246 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nMarch 13, 1865. He was Assistant District Attorney for Suffolk \nCounty from 1866 to 1870, and held the position of Register of \nProbate and Insolvency from 1869 until his death, in 1877, which \nwas caused by disease incurred by his head-wound in the war. He \nwas Major-General Commander of the Veteran Military League, and \na \"member of the Loyal Legion. The esteem and regard which his \nfellow-citizens had for him is aptly described by his friend and asso- \nciate, Dr. John G. Blake, in the following lines', and by the poem by \nhis excellent wife : — \n\n\" In the long list of names that deserve commemoration for the \nhonor done their native land, none justly stands higher than that of \nPatrick R. Guiney. A brave, fearless, and successful soldier, who \ncarried through his broken life, with a smiling face, the shattered \nconstitution resulting from wounds received in the service of his \nadopted country; a pure, able, and honest public official, and an \nestimable private citizen, he combined all the qualities that the most \nexacting friendship could ask for. Life to him meant earnest, soul- \nfelt endeavor. Chivalrous, pure-minded, the personification of in- \ntegrity, it used to be said of him that he stood so straight that he \nbent backward. \n\n\" A man whose deep religious feeling permeated his life ; free \nfrom narrowness, and broadly catholic, he was a true and loyal son of \nMother Church in the highest and fullest sense. In private life a \ndevoted husband, a loving father, a fast friend, and delightful com- \npanion, his memory will live in the hearts of those who knew him \nbest while life endures. \n\n\" So much of heroism blended with his character, and is so \nwell expressed in this little poem, that it seems appropriate to \nappend it\" \n\nThis touching poetical tribute to General Guiney is fresh from \nthe pen of our Boston poet, Mrs. Mary E. Blake : — \n\n\"Large heart and brave! tried soul and true! \n\nHow thickly in thy life's short span \nAll strong, sweet virtues throve and grew \nAs friend, as hero, and as man. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 247 \n\nUnmoved by thought of blame or praise, \n\nUnbought by gifts of power or pride, \nThy feet still trod Time's devious ways, \n\nWith Duty as thy law and guide. \n\n\" God breaks no mould so nobly rare \n\nAs shrined of old heroic men. \nIn lives like thine, as pure as fair, \n\nEarth's golden knighthood breathes again \nAmid a world of sordid greed, \n\nOf paltry aims, of perjured trust ; \nWith soul as stainless as thy creed, \n\nWe know thee strong, and pure, and just. \n\n\" And still shall know, O friend beloved ! \n\nThy spirit holds no place with death; \nOur eyes are dim, our hearts are moved, \n\nBut thou hast felt His kindly breath. \nSo short, so swift thy pang of birth \n\nEre dawned the heaven you longed to see, \nWe bear the pain, who wait on earth, \n\nBut all the glory fell to thee 1 \" \n\nMaj. Daniel G. McNamara, a staff-officer and a life-long friend \nof General Guiney, gives the following reminiscences : — \n\n\"Nothing redounds more to a soldier's credit for gallant and \nmeritorious conduct on the battlefield than the commendation of his \nsuperior officer. Gen. Fitz-John Porter, commander of the Fifth \nCorps, Army of the Potomac, to which the Ninth Regiment belonged, \nrecommended, in special orders, Colonel Guiney for brevet commis- \nsion for gallant services at the battle of Gaines's Mills, and in his \ngraphic account of that battle, published in the ' Century ' magazine \nof June, 1885, thus speaks of the Ninth Regiment while under fire: \n'At Gaines's Mills Cass's gallant Ninth Massachusetts Volunteers \n(General Guiney was then lieutenant-colonel of the regiment), \nof Griffin's brigade, obstinately resisted A. P. Hill's crossing, and \nwere so successful in delaying his advance after crossing as to com- \npel him to employ large bodies to force the regiment back to the \nmain line. This brought on a contest which extended to Morell's \ncentre, and over Martin's front, on his right, and lasted from 12.30 \n\n\n248 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nto near 2 o'clock, Cass and his immediate supports falling back \nsouth of the swamps. This persistent and prolonged resistance \ngave to this battle one of its well-known names, i.e., Gaines's \nMills.' \n\n\" After passing through the campaigns of nearly two years \nmore, memory brings us vividly to the battle of the 'Wilderness,' \nMay 5, 1864, under General Grant. Again the Ninth Regiment \nsuffered terribly in killed and wounded. It was on that day that \nGeneral Guiney fell at the head of his regiment with that terrible \nwound through his eye. The cruel bullet crushed through the eye \ndown into his head. Nothing but his splendid physique and strong \nvitality saved his life. The doctors declared he could not survive ; \nthat the wound was of so terrible a nature that it was only a ques- \ntion of time, and rather than attempt an operation it was in their judg- \nment better to let him die without unnecessary pain. Not so with \nthe general; although wounded nigh unto death, he still retained \nwithin his bosom all his native courage and indomitable pluck. Call- \ning to his side, as he lay on the floor of the temporary hospital near \nthe battlefield, Father Egan, chaplain of the Ninth, he said : ' Father, \nif you will find a surgeon on this field who will undertake to remove \nthis bullet I will get better, for the longer it remains as it is the \nworse for me.' Father Egan, with his accustomed kindness, promptly \nsecured the attendance of several surgeons from the hospital quarters. \nOne among them agreed to undertake the operation, and in a com- \nparatively short time, in the presence of the other doctors, extracted \nthe bullet, which proved to be a fifty-nine calibre rifle ball. Under \nall his sufferings the general was patient, never complaining of his \nrude surroundings and poor accommodations. In the course of a \nfew days he reached Washington, where his loving wife awaited him \nto nurse and attend him on his painful journey home. After weeks \nof suffering, and when only partially recovered, he met his regiment \nat the depot in Boston on its return home for muster out, and rode \nat its head on its march to Faneuil Hall. Though time partly healed \nthe jagged wound, it eventually shortened his brilliant life, and ended \nthe bright future that was before him. \n\n\n' BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 249 \n\n\" It can be said of General Guiney that he was a brave soldier, \na firm disciplinarian, a true friend, and a generous, warm-hearted \nofficer. He was loved and respected by his regiment, and his recog- \nnized ability and uniform manliness endeared him to his comrades \nand associates through life. While he loved his friends warmly and \ntruly, he never harbored animosity against those who might exhibit \nunfriendliness towards him. His Christian training taught him to \ntreat his fellows with Christian kindness, firmness, and forbearance. \nThese traits of character carried him successfully through the diffi- \nculties that were to be encountered by a commander of volunteers in \nthe army, and they won for him in after-life the esteem of all who \nknew him.\" \n\nHe rendered able services to the cause of dumb animals while \nhe was a district attorney, and won a case in which the Massachu- \nsetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals werjas the \nprosecutors. His lofty and eloquent appeal for the dumb was \npublicly admired and praised. \n\n\nJOHN E. FITZGERALD. \n\nFamiliar to all Bostonians is John E. Fitzgerald, an able lawyer, \nand the Collector of Internal Revenue for Massachusetts. He was \nborn in Dingle, County Kerry, Ireland, Nov. 17, 1844, where he \nattended the schools of the Christian Brothers, and he also went to \nschool in Dublin. When about nineteen years of age he took pas- \nsage on the steamship \" Bohemian,\" bound for America ; but the \nvessel was wrecked off Cape Elizabeth, near Portland, Me., and over \none hundred lives were lost. Young Fitzgerald took refuge in a \nboat, and, after considerable hardship and suffering, was one of the \nthree surviving passengers who landed on the shores of Cape Eliza- \nbeth, Me., on the night of Feb. 21, 1864. \n\nShortly after his arrival in this country he became engaged as a \nschool teacher in Salem, Mass., where he remained about one year \nand six months. While occupied as a pedagogue he employed his \nleisure hours in the study of law in the office of William D. \n\n\n250 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nNorthend. In January, 1866, he removed to Boston, and continued \nhis law studies in the office of George W. Earle, and was admitted \nto the bar in 1868. \n\nDuring 1865 and 1866, when the interest in Fenianism was at \nits height, he did active work for the cause. The vigor of youth, \nand his characteristic Irish enthusiasm, enabled him to do excellent \nservice, and he made many effective and patriotic speeches. Since \nthat period he has continued to be identified with Irish affairs, is \nalways ready to assist in the welfare of the Irish people, and is one \nof the recognized leaders of the race in this country. \n\nHe represented old Ward 7 (now 13) in the Common Council \nof 1 872-75, and in the Legislature of 1870-71-73-74; was a Master \nin Chancery for Suffolk County from 1873 to 1878. He was a \nmember of the School Committee in 1873-74-75-76, and resigned \nin the latter year when elected to the Board of Aldermen of 1877. \nHe was later appointed a member of the Board of Fire Commis- \nsioners of the city of Boston, which position he held from 1879 to \n1886. In the latter year he was appointed Collector of Internal Rev- \nenue for Massachusetts, and was specially requested by President \nCleveland to accept the appointment. \n\nDuring his service to the city as a Fire Commissioner he did val- \nuable work in perfecting the efficiency of the department, and, there- \nfore, did not wish to sever his connection to engage in a new field. \nThe request was so urgent, however, that after much hesitancy he \naccepted his present position under the Democratic administration. \n\nDuring his legislative experience he advocated the ten-hour \nlaw, and introduced the bill which allowed women to be eligible as \nmembers of the School Board. While in the aldermanic chamber he \ndrafted the Horse Railway bill, and was instrumental in the passage \nof the law relating to the transfer from year to year of department \nappropriations instead of to the Sinking-fund. He framed the law \nwhich secured pensions for firemen, and inaugurated the annual fire- \nmen's ball, which every year nets such a substantial sum. He was \nalso a member of the committee which drafted the law that made \nthe School Board of this city consist of twenty-four members. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 251 \n\nHe has had considerable practice in the legal profession in the \npast, and one of his notable cases was that of Thomas Cahill vs. \nCommonwealth of Massachusetts. This was an instance where his \nclient was extradited from Ireland as the supposed murderer of \nBridget Lanergan, but was afterwards discharged from jail when \nThomas Piper, the real murderer, made his confession. \n\nIn politics he has been conspicuous as a Democratic leader, and \nhas served the party and rendered valuable assistance on the plat- \nform in every campaign since 1868. He was chairman of the Dem- \nocratic City Committee in 1877-78, and presided at the Democratic \nState Convention in 1885, where he made a masterly address favor- \nable to the administration of President Cleveland and Civil-Service \nReform. In 1887 he delivered the Fourth-of-July oration before \nthe Boston City Government. \n\nHe is a member of the Irish Charitable Society, National Land \nLeague, Bay State, Massachusetts Reform, Tariff Reform, Massachu- \nsetts Young Men's Democratic, Central, clubs, and a life member \nof the Boston Young Men's Catholic Association. He is also a \nmember of the Massachusetts State Fire Association, Barnicoat Vet- \neran Association, and was selected to write a history of the Boston \nFire Department, which was deposited in the box of the Ancient \nand Honorable Artillery Company, to be opened upon their 35Oth \nanniversary. \n\nREV. JOHN CORDNER. \n\nRev. John Cordner, LL.D., is a Unitarian minister. He was \nborn in the parish of Hillsborough, County Down, Ireland, July 3, \n1816. By the removal of his parents, during his infancy, to Newry, \nin the same county, he passed his boyhood and early manhood in \nthat town, receiving such education there as the best local schools \nafforded. While quite young Mr. Cordner was a frequent contributor \nto a liberal newspaper published in the town, of which Thomas \nO'Hagan, afterwards Lord Chancellor of Ireland, was editor. As a \nwriter, young Cordner was- so successful that he was almost per- \nsuaded by Editor O'Hagan to adopt journalism as a profession, but, \n\n\n252 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nas he had a tendency towards the Christian ministry, he concluded to \npursue his studies for the latter calling. He was brought up in the \nFirst Presbyterian Congregation of Newry, which was non-subscribing \nin principle and Unitarian in belief. The congregation was connected \nwith the Remonstrant Synod of Ulster, and Dr. Cordner's studies \nwere carried on under the direction of that body, at the Royal \nCollege, Belfast. He was licensed by the Remonstrant Presbytery \nof Bangor, and was ordained in September, 1843. He first took \ncharge of a Unitarian congregation in the city of Montreal, Canada, \nwhere he had sole charge for thirty years, and became prominent \namong the clergy of that city. In 1852 he married a daughter of \nRev. Dr. Francis Parkman, of Boston, and, upon his retirement from \nthe ministry, owing to failing strength, he removed with his family to \nthis city, where he now resides. \n\nDr. Cordner has always taken an active part in public and \ncharitable matters, both as a writer and preacher. He edited the \n\" Liberal Christian,\" of Montreal, for several years ; he is the author \nof many published sermons, and, during the Rebellion, he advocated \nthe case of the Federal Government as against the insurgent States \nof the South. By request of the New England Society of Montreal, \nhe delivered an address on the \" American Conflict,\" which was \nreprinted in England and widely circulated there. Dr. Cordner is a \nvery popular Unitarian of this city ; he is always interested in re- \nligious progress, and was an assiduous worker, with others, in securing \nthe erection of the present magnificent building of the American \nUnitarian Association. \n\nREV. ROBERT R. MEREDITH. \n\nRev. Robert R. Meredith, was born in Ireland, Feb. 8, 1838. \nHe came to this country with his parents when quite young, and \nlocated in New York. From eighteen to twenty-seven years of age \nhe followed the sea, and during his experience was a boatswain on \nthe ill-fated steamer \" Central America,\" which sailed from Aspinwall, \nover thirty years ago, with five hundred passengers, for New York. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 253 \n\nThe steamer sprung aleak one stormy night, when nearing Cape \nHatteras, and many of the passengers were drowned. Young \nMeredith managed to lash himself to a portion of the wheel-house, \nwhich was washed away, and drifted for about six days, without \nfood or water, until he was picked up, in an unconscious state, by \na foreign brig bound for Quebec, and soon after he returned to \nNew York. He later attended the Methodist Seminary at Concord, \nN.H., where he studied for the ministry. He served as chaplain in \nthe One Hundred and Fifty-third Regiment of New York Volunteers \nduring the war, and afterwards became attached to the missionary \ncorps of the Methodist Church, and labored successively in Troy, \nN.Y., Newark, N.J., Cincinnati, Ohio, and Springfield, Mass. In \nApril, 1876, he came to Boston, as pastor of the Temple-street \nMethodist Episcopal Church. He next became pastor of the Phillips \nCongregational Church, of South Boston, where he remained five \nyears, during which time he had the church enlarged at an expense \nof $30,000. In 1880 he became identified with the Sunday-school \nclass work in Wesleyan Hall, and in a short time, under his super- \nvision, the attendance was so large that Tremont Temple was engaged \nfor meetings every Saturday afternoon, where between two thousand \nand three thousand persons assembled. On Oct. 16, 1883, he \naccepted the pastorate of the Union Church, which he held until the \nspring of 1887, when he received a call from the Tompkins-avenue \nCongregational Church, of Brooklyn, N.Y. In 1882 he had the \ndegree of D.D. conferred upon him by Dartmouth College. \n\nEDWARD C. CARRIGAN. \n\nEdward C. Carrigan was born in Chatham, England, in 1853, \nof Irish parents, they having moved there some years previous to \nthe time of his birth. He died on Nov.\" 7, 1888, while on his way to \nColorado Springs. When he was six years old his parents came to this \ncountry, landing in Quebec, where they died. He was early left to \ndepend upon his own unaided efforts, and found his way to Woodstock, \nVt., where he attended the village school. Acquiring a taste for study, \n\n\n254 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nhe determined to fit himself for college, and at the age of sixteen he \nbegan his career as a pedagogue in the district shools of Vermont in \norder to obtain funds for that purpose. While at Woodstock he \nenlisted for the war in the last year of the struggle, and was one of \nthe youngest volunteers of the North. He entered Dartmouth \nCollege in 1874, having prepared himself by hard study. He paid \nhis way by teaching in many places, and graduated in 1877. He \ncame to Boston, and later entered the office of General Butler, where \nhe followed his profession. \n\nHe entered and graduated from the Boston University Law \nSchool. In 1 88 1 he became principal of the Boston Evening High \nSchool, and held that place till Oct. 10, 1886. He had previously \nbeen for three years principal of the Wells School at the West End. \nMr. Carrigan contributed to the press after leaving college, and has \nat times served the \" Herald \" and other Boston papers. He had \nbeen a member of the State Board of Education since 1883. His \nname will long be a monument to the advancement of education in \nthe State, and his reputation as one of its best promoters has become \nnational. He was the framer of our present evening-school law, one \nof the principal promoters of the free text-book, author of the \nilliteracy bill, and, in fact, every reform for good in our schools in \nrecent years has been greatly due to the efforts of Mr. Carrigan. \nHe served as a member of the School Committee of Boston, where \nhe exerted great influence. One of the last and valuable acts of his \nlife was an ably-written letter to the Boston press, which appeared in \nthe Boston papers and attracted great attention. It was a strong \nrefutation against the prejudiced and bigoted arguments of certain \nanti-Irish celebrities, whose sole aim in life seems to be the dis- \nfranchisement of the Irish. An extract from the letter should pass \ninto history, and the subject will prove particularly interesting to \nIrish readers. Mr. Carrigan headed his letter, \" How many Irish- \nAmericans live in Boston?\" and the following authoritative and re- \nmarkable statement appeared : — \n\n\"As a wholesale disfranchisement of the Irish in the city and State \nis proposed by our British-American friends, I have thought that I \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n255 \n\n\nmight be of service to those who are seriously contemplating ' Irish \nextermination ' by calling their attention to some interesting, if not \nvaluable, data found in the census of the Commonwealth for the \nperiod ending 1885. By this census it will be seen that the children \nof Irish parentage now residing in Boston numerically exceed those \nof the children of Massachusetts parentage by 89,763 ; while the \nsame report, for the State, shows an excess of 69,790 children of \nIrish parentage over those whose parents were natives of Massachu- \nsetts. No one should be misled by these figures, for I have simply \ntaken the two highest classes of people in the Commonwealth to \nshow the ratio of the so-called ' Irish-American ' to that of the ' native- \nAmericans,' whose fathers and mothers are to the manor born. If \nnow we add the 8,508 children who are half Irish, and whose mother \nor father was born in Massachusetts, the ratio will be 98,271 to \n50,977, or nearly two to one. \n\n\" So much for Boston, where, as we have observed, it is determined \nthat in the coming election for School Committee and other depart- \nments of the City Government ' the Irish shall be swept from the \nboard.' It is not necessary to print the census of other cities in the \nState which show like ratios, the whole number of persons in the \nCommonwealth whose parents were both Irish being 518,931, and \nthose whose parents were both natives of Massachusetts being \n449,141. That there may be no doubt as to the correctness of these \nstatistics I will quote directly from the report, and first as to our \nJesuit Boston : — \n\nBOSTON. \n\n\nPlace of Birth. \n\nMales. \n\nFemales. \n\nBoth \nSexes. \n\nFather. \n\nMother. \n\nNative. \n\nForeign. \n\nNative. \n\nForeign. \n\nIreland \n\nIreland \n\n33,528 \n24,976 \n\n30,933 \n60 \n\n34,084 \n25,865 \n\n42,195 \n76 \n\n140,740 \n50,977 \n3.323 \n5,^5 \n\nMassachusetts . . \nMassachusetts . . \nIreland \n\nMassachusetts . . \n\n256 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nTHE STATE. \n\n\nPlace of Birth. \n\nChildren. \n\nBoth \nSexes. \n\nMales. \n\nFemales. \n\nFather. \n\nMother. \n\nNative. \n\nForeign. \n\nNative. \n\nForeign. \n\nIreland \n\n127,187 \n217,500 \n\n112,496 \n268 \n\nI3I.452 \n231,058 \n\nI3M52 \n3H \n\n5*8,931 \n\ni \n\n449,141 \n\nMassachusetts . . \n\nMassachusetts . . \n\n\" It is not necessary to discuss probabilities of a growth of these \nratios, nor comment upon the right of class representation, yet, in \nview of the rapid increase of the ' foreign element,' I have thought \nthat it might not be unwise for our friends who are marshalling their \nanti-Irish forces to look philosophically at the facts, and, having \nreviewed the Constitution and Bill of Rights, to suggest the follow- \ning as a fitting topic for a Sunday lesson in Tremont Temple : l — \n\n\" All religious sects and denominations demeaning themselves peaceably and \nas good citizens of the Commonwealth shall be equal under the protection of the \nlaw, and no subordination of any one sect or denomination to another shall ever be \nestablished by law.\" \n\nHENRY BERNARD CARPENTER. \n\nThe brilliant and many-gifted man whose name we have just \nwritten is, first of all, a typical Celt. He has the sensitive, poetic \ntemperament ; the fervor of eloquence ; the generosity, enthusiasm, \nand kindly expansiveness, and the natural religiousness, to coin a \nword, which are racial traits. But in this man, and individualizing \nhim, there is, over the poetic instinct, the poet's creative gift; and \nbehind the natural orator, the scholar steeped in old classic lore, and \nabreast of all modern intellectual progress. In religion a Unitarian, \nand a clergyman of that communion as well, yet is he singularly \ndrawn by the spiritual and material beauty of the Catholic church, \n\n\n1 An anti-Catholic demonstration was held at Tremont Temple at this time. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 257 \n\nwhom he loves to call \" The Mother-Church,\" and to whom he has \npaid tribute of almost filial love in poem and oration. He is a \ndreamer, who would find his most congenial environment far enough \neither from battle-field or forum ; and yet, withal, a man of militant \nspirit, natural champion of the oppressed. He is intensely proud of \nhis Irish birth, and has testified in helpful ways his devotion to the \ncause of Irish Home Rule. \n\nHenry Bernard Carpenter was born in Dublin, Ire., in 1840. \nHis father and mother were each members of very old and honorable \nIrish families ; the one of Kilkenny, the other of Derry. On neither \nside is there any intermixture of English blood. The father was a \nclergyman of the then Established (Protestant) Church of Ireland, \nin whose principles, as well as in the high Tory and Orange tenets of \nhis mother's family, the Boyds of Derry, young Carpenter was \nbrought up. His father was his first teacher, and grounded him well \nin the Greek and Latin classics. \n\nIn his eighteenth year he entered Oxford University, and made \nhis course with most distinguishing success. He won prizes and a \nscholarship in Greek and Latin classical studies, and here first began \nto manifest his poetic gift. His brilliant University course is the \nmore to be noted as it was made under difficulties. He suffered \nmuch then, as he has since, from a malformation of the eyes and \nweak sight, and often had to depend on readers. \n\nHe graduated and left Oxford in 1862, and received the ap- \npointment, under the Royal Commissioners of Education for Ireland, \nof Assistant Master in Classics and English Literature at Portora \nRoyal School, Enniskillen, well called \" the Eden of Ireland.\" \nWilliam and Oscar Wilde, sons of Sir William Wilde, and other boys \nwho have since become prominent men, were pupils of Mr. Carpenter \nat Portora. The ode written by Mr. Carpenter for the vice-regal visit \nof the Earl of Carlisle attracted attention, not alone from the man \nwho was honored in being the subject of it, but from many others, \nwho noted how gracefully his muse could move even in the fettering \nlines of the poem of an occasion. He was ordained afterwards as \nchaplain to the school, and later became chaplain to an Earl and \n\n\n258 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nhis tenantry, near Enniskillen. His first ventures in the lecture field \nwere made at this time, and with great success. \n\nWe have touched on the stern Tory and Protestant influences \nunder which Mr. Carpenter was brought up. Little by little, and \nyielding every point only in deference to irresistible conviction, the \nyoung man departed from the old landlord and aristocratic ideas of \nhis heritage and training, and in 1870 allied himself with the Irish \nHome Rule movement. His religious, as well as his political, sen- \ntiments underwent a radical change. \n\nIn 1 874 he came to New England. Here he found congenial \noccupation, first as lecturer and contributor to the magazines and \njournals, later as pastor of congregations in Yarmouth and Bridge- \nton, Me. In 1878, in response to repeated and urgent overtures, \nhe accepted the pastorate of the Hollis-st. Unitarian Church, Boston. \nMr. Carpenter greatly endeared himself to his congregation, and \nbecame also a favorite in Boston's social and literary circles. \n\nMr. Carpenter published his first volume, \"Liber Amoris,\" in \n1887, with the Messrs. Ticknor & Co., of Boston. It is a mediaeval \nromance in blank verse, divided into four books, each with an ex- \nquisite lyrical prelude. The story itself is lovely ; instinct with the \nspirit of the chivalric ages, which were also the Ages of Faith. The \nkey-note of it all is Love perfected by Sacrifice. The expression is \nwell-nigh perfect; like the thought, full of serious beauty, both \nrising sometimes into grandeur. How beautiful this invocation to \nSleep ! \n\n\" Sleep, Sleep, sweet Sleep, father of Life and Death, \nThy twin-born children ; source and end of all ; \nHeaven's porter, who, with bright, smooth key of gold, \nWarm from the breast of God's dumb daughter, Peace, \nOpenest, through darkness, for world-wearied man, \nA door to fields of light and starry streams, \nWhere he may greet his dead whom he deems lost, \nAnd in one minute taste eternity ; — \nSweet Sleep, dear, easeful nurse of toil and woe, \nWho gatherest all thy children one by one, \nWhether in earth or sky or soundless sea, \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 259 \n\nIn thy warm folds of painless lullabies, \n\nAnd layest them soft upon the knees of God, \n\nYet comest never near God's hands or eyes. \n\nFor God, he only, slumbers not nor sleeps : \n\nDear Sleep, upon whose heart, the home of dreams, \n\nLife wakes and wonders, weeps and sinks to rest.\" \n\nHere is another typical passage : — \n\n\" If the love within thee, \n\nHowever holy, live for its own sake, \n\nMore than for those it loves, oh, then, farewell \n\nLove's triumph over Death, farewell Love's last \n\nFidelity made mightier by despair ; \n\nFarewell the faith that follows its lost star \n\nDown through Hell's whirlpools and great gulfs of night ! \n\nLove, living for himself, is but a dead, \n\nKingdomless god, shorn of his deity.\" \n\n\"Liber Amoris\" proved not only a poem for the poets, but \na poem for the people as well. It has passed through several \neditions. \n\nOf Mr. Carpenter's shorter poems, few have been more ad- \nmired than the \" Vive Valeque,\" written after the departure of \nanother beloved poet, the late Dr. Robert Dwyer Joyce, on his \nunhappily fruitless quest for health in his native land. These \nstanzas may fitly be given to the honor of the two poets : — \n\n\" Oh, saddest of all the sea's daughters, lerne, sweet mother isle, \n\nSay, how canst thou heal at thy waters the son whom we lend thee awhile? \nWhen the gathering cries implore thee to help and to heal thy kind, \nWhen the dying are strewn before thee, thy living ones crouch behind ; \nWhen about thee thy perishing children cling, crying, ' Thou only art fair ! * \nWe have seen through Life's mazes bewildering how the earth-gods never spare. \nAnd the wolves, blood-ripe with slaughter, gnaw at thee with fangs of steel, \nThou, Niobe-land of the water, hast many children to heal. \nYet heal him, lerne, dear mother, thy days with his days shall jncrease ; \nAt the song of this Delphic brother, nigh half of thy pangs shall cease. \n\n\" Nor art thou, sweet friend, in a far land — all places are near on the globe ; \nOur greeting wear for thy garland, our love for thy festival robe, \nWhile we keep through glory and gloom two altar-candles for thee, \n\n\n260 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nThy ' Blanid1 of deathless doom, and thy dead but undying ' Deirdre.' \nAnd may He who builds in His patience the houses which death reveals, \nRound whom the fair constellations are dust from His chariot wheels ; \nWho showers His coin without scorning, each day as He issues it bright, \nThe sun as His gold in the morning, the stars as His silver at night, \nThe love which feedeth the sparrow and watcheth the little leaf, \nWhich guideth the death-laden arrow and counteth each grain of grief, \nChange thy life-chant from its minor, and spread thy spirit serene, \nAs gold before the refiner whose face is reflected therein.\" \n\nMr. Carpenter went abroad in the fall of 1887, and spent nearly \na year in Greece and Italy. He gave to delighted Boston audiences \nduring the season of 1888-89 the fruit of his loving study of the \nsacred places of poetry and art, in a series of lectures which have \nnever been equalled here in intrinsic interest, literary merit, and \neloquent delivery since the days of Wendell Phillips. \n\nMr. Carpenter retired from the pastorate of the Hollis-street \nchurch on its union with the Shawmut-avenue Unitarian church, in \n1887.. He has now charge of a large Unitarian congregation, which \nhas its services in Steinert Hall, Boston. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES \n\n\nNOTED WOMEN \n\n\nSKETCHES OF NOTED WOMEN. \n\n\nLOUISE IMOGEN GUINEY. \n\nABOUT eight years ago there appeared in the Boston \" Pilot \" \na little narrative poem of quite notable freshness and vigor, \nentitled \" Charondas.\" The story of the old Greek soldier and law- \ngiver was presented sympathetically, and with the even strength of a \npractised writer; yet there was more than a suggestion of high- \nminded, college-bred young manhood about it. \" A bright Harvard \nboy,\" we said, and smiled at the ineffective disguise of the flippant \ninitials \" P. O. L.\" appended to the poem. The same day a letter \nfrom a friend enclosed one of her notes from a late pupil, of whose \nliterary promise much had been said. Two lines of this especial \nnote, however, arrested attention : \" I am contributing verses to the \n'Pilot' over a string of bogus initials, 'P. O. L.' and the signature \n' Louise Imogen Guiney.' \" Here was the Harvard boy — a graduate \nof the Convent of the Sacred Heart, Providence. \n\nBorn in Roxbury, Mass., Jan. 7, 1861, she passed through a \ncourse of studies at the Notre Dame Academy of Roxbury, the \nEverett Grammar School, Boston, and latterly at the Convent of the \nSacred Heart, \" Elmhurst,\" Providence, R.I., where she graduated \nin 1879. She is one of the youngest and brightest writers engaged \nin current literary work, and possessing great intellectual ability and \nuncommon scholarship, gives promise of high literary achievements \nand extended popularity. \n\nHer first book — \" Songs at the Start \" — was published in Boston \nin 1884, and has been followed by \"Goose-Quill Papers,\" 1885; \n\"The White Sail,\" 1887; and \"Brownies and Bogies,\" 1888. \n\nMuch of her earlier work appeared in the \"Pilot;\" for John \nBoyle O'Reilly was among the first to recognize her budding talent, \n\n(263) \n\n\n264 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nand was the most sedulous in fostering it. In literature, at least, \none cannot separate the artist from the man or woman ; for God's \ntruth is in the saying, that whatever one incidentally writes, he in- \nevitably writes himself. Miss Guiney comes naturally by her aptitude \nfor grasping and voicing the heroic, and this is the dominant char- \nacteristic in her poetry. Her father, Gen. Patrick R. Guiney, — him- \nself a man of marked literary tastes, which, in a more leisurely life \nmight have developed into talents, — enlisted at the first call to arms \nin the late Civil War, and was active in raising the famous Ninth \nRegiment of Massachusetts. He participated in thirty-six fierce \nengagements, but was wounded and incapacitated for further service \nin the Battle of the Wilderness. He survived the war some years, \nalways a sufferer, but a brave and uncomplaining one ; and died in \nthe flower of his age, from disease engendered by the wounds re- \nceived in his last battle. There is a thought of him and of the \ngrandfather who fought in the Irish uprising of '98, in the sonnet \non the flags in the Massachusetts State House, in the little volume \n\" Songs at the Start,\" already referred to : — \n\n\" Dear witnesses, all luminous, eloquent, \n\nStacked thickly on the tessellated floor! \n\nThe soldier-blood stirs in me as of yore \nIn sire and grandsire who to battle went ; \nI seem to know the shaded valley-tent, \n\nThe armed and bearded men, the thrill of war, \n\nHorses that prance to hear the cannon roar, \nShrill bugle-calls and camp-fire merriment.\" \n\nShe did, indeed, know something of \" the camp-fire merriment\" \nby actual experience ; for, when a toddling child, she went with her \nmother to Virginia, where the Army of the Potomac was encamped. \nIn a delightful sketch, \" A Child in Camp,\" — the sketch, indeed, \nwhich gives her little volume of prose essays, \" Goose-Quill Papers,\" \nbrought out by Roberts Brothers in 1885, its best reason for being, \n— she records her morning twilight impressions of a portentous era \nin American history. \n\nThe heroism which appeals to our poet is of what may be called \n\n\nLOUISE IMOGEN GUINBY \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 265 \n\nthe objective order. This is as is natural for a strong, self-reliant, \nself-centred life, that has budded and bloomed out-of-doors, like the \nlithe young willow of her native New England, which her straight, \nslender, supple form suggests. She is not a laureate of the out-of- \nsight heroism of which so many women poets have sung bravely and \nsweetly, if sometimes monotonously. A mood like that voiced in Rosa \nMulholland's famous little poem, \" Failure,\" would meet scant sympa- \nthy from this sunny young Greek. Indeed, her poetry shows a ten- \ndency to look on the loves and losses of ordinary humanity in a \ncalm, judicial way, as if they concerned the dwellers in another \nplanet, and were quite unlikely ever to cast a shadow upon her own \nmorning path. A tendency, only, we say; for there is a queer, \nwistful, pathetic touch, which is not altogether human, in some of \nthe poems in her second volume, \" The White Sail ; \" notably in the \nlegend of \" The Wooing Pine,\". in the \"Last Faun,\" \" Youth,\" and \n\" The Atoning Yesterday,\" as if a wood-nymph of the golden Hel- \nlenic age, called to take on the earthly risks and the immortal \nguerdons of humanity, should shrink and waver, half doubting that \nthe new life held full compensation for the groves and grottoes and \nfountains, and the blithe, irresponsible play-fellows of her passing \nnatural beatitude. \n\n\" The White Sail,\" with which her latest volume of poems opens, \nis the old classic story of Theseus freeing Athens from the yearly \nmaiden-tribute to the Minotaur of Crete ; and of his fatal forgetful- \nness to hoist the promised white sail on his triumphant return to his \nfather, ^Egeus. It is in blank verse, which is almost invariably \nsmooth and melodious, with here and there a grand Tennysonian \nline. Though the poem nowhere rises to the dramatic force and fire \nwhich permeate the legend of \" Tarpeia,\" — by all odds the best \nthing in the book, — yet it abounds in strong passages. A fine, \nforeshadowing touch is this incident of the childhood of Theseus, \nwhen he sees his pet turtle-pigeon dead through his neglect : — \n\n\"Then the child \n\nBewailed his darling, lying stiff and mute. \nArid -dEthra held his innocent han dand hers \n\n\n266 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nWith solemn lessoning; for she foresaw \n\nRemorse, and irremediable ache, \n\nAnd ruin, following him whose manhood swerves \n\nTo the eased by-ways of forgetfulness. \n\nShe, his hot brow caressing, so besought \n\nThe weeping Prince : ' If thou, O little son ! \n\nWilt lay hereafter duties on thyself, \n\nStand mindful of them, all thy vows observe. \n\nBe a trust broken but a small, small thing, \n\nIts possible shadow slaves this world in woe.' \" \n\nThere is a touch of grim humor in the recounting of the pun- \nishments which Theseus, in later years, meted out to the monsters \nwho oppressed the \" realms distressed,\" through which he passed to \nfind his father: — \n\n\" He harsh Procrustes bedded ; limb from limb \nRent the Pine-bender on recoiling boughs ; \nAnd him that thrust the lavers of his feet \nHeadlong in chasms, Theseus likewise served \nBy dint of hospitable precedent.\" \n\nTake it all in all, we are glad of \" The White Sail,\" were it only for \nthis delicious lyric, with which our poet makes Alcamenes soothe \nthe last vigil of ^Egeus : — \n\n\" Thy voice is like the moon, revealed by stealthy paces, \n\nThy silver margined voice like the ample moon and free ; \nAh, beautiful ! ah, mighty ! the stars fall on their faces, \nThe warring world is silent, for love and awe of thee. \n\nMy soul is but a sailor, to whom thy wonder-singing \nIs anchorage, and haven, and unimagined day ! \n\nAnd who, in angry ocean, to thine enchantment clinging, \nForgets the helm for rapture, and drifts to doom away.\" \n\n\" Tarpeia \" is the story, told first by Livy, of the Roman girl, \ndaughter of the aged keeper of the Citadel, who, straying outside \nthe gates into the camp of the besieging Sabines, is tempted by the \njewels of the chief: — \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 267 \n\n\" The armlets he wore were thrice royal and wondrous to see : \n\nExquisite artifice, whorls of barbaric design, \nFrost's fixed mimicry ; orbic imaginings fine \n\nIn sevenfold coils : and in orient glimmer from them, \nThe variform voluble swinging of gem upon gem. \n\nAnd the glory thereof sent fever and fire to her eye. \n\n' I had never such trinkets,' she sighed, — like a lute was her sigh.\" \n\nShe offers, if he will but give them to her, to unbar the city \ngates for him and his host. He promises, and his followers likewise \npromise her their all ; but when the act was done, the poor little \ntraitor — \n\n\" Repulsed where they passed her, half tearful for wounded belief, \n' The bracelets ! ' she pleaded. Then faced her the leonine chief, \n\nAnd answered her : ' Even as I promised, maid-merchant, I do.' \nDown from his dark shoulder the baubles he sullenly drew. \n\n' This left arm shall nothing begrudge thee. Accept. Find it sweet. \nGive, too, O my brothers ! ' The jewels he flung at her feet. \n\nThe jewels hard, heavy; she stooped to them, flushing with dread, \nBut the shield he flung after: it clanged on her beautiful head. \n\nLike the Apennine bells when the villagers1 warnings begin, \nAthwart the first lull broke the ominous din upon din ; \n\nWith a ' Hail benefactress ! ' upon her they heaped in their zeal \nDeath : agate and iron ; death ; chrysoprase, beryl, and steel. \n\nA mountain of shields! and the gemmy bright tangle in links, \nA torrent-like gush, pouring out on the grass from the chinks, \n\nPyramidal gold ! the sumptuous monument won \n\nBy the deed they had loved her for, doing, and loathed her for, done.\" \n\nThese magnificent lines speak for themselves. The highest \ntribute to the poet's skill in handling the terrible story is that one \n\n\n268 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nturns from Tarpeia with pity and horror, rather than with contempt. \nFreedom, strength, and simplicity mark every line of this noble \npoem. \n\n\" Moustache \" ought to go into school-readers with Father \nProut's \" Dog of the Three Days,\" and Campbell's patriotic \" Spanish \nParrot.\" The historical ballads of \" Chaluz Castle \" and \" A Chouan\" \nare in the martial vein she loves. In the appended poem, she \ntouches high-water mark of the heroic. It proves that she has a \nheart for her heritage of patriot-blood, and on its sole strength she \nwins a high place among the poets of America. Whittier might \nhave owned it with pride ; and it would have been heard, had he \nlived, on the eloquent lips of Wendell Phillips. \n\nJOHN BROWN: A PARADOX. \n\nCompassionate eyes had our brave John Brown, \n\nAnd a craggy, stern forehead, a militant frown; \n\nHe, the storm-bow of peace. Give him volley on volley, \n\nThe fool who redeemed us once of our folly, \n\nAnd the smiter that healed us, our right John Brown! \n\nToo vehement, verily, was John Brown! \nFor waiting is statesmanlike ; his the renown \nOf the holy rash arm, the equipper and starter \nOf freedom ; aye, call him fanatic and martyr ; \nHe can carry both halos, our plain John Brown. \n\nA scandalous stumbling-block was John Brown, \nAnd a jeer ; but, ah ! soon from the terrified town, \nIn his bleeding track made over hilltop and hollow, \nWise armies and councils were eager to follow, \nAnd the children's lips chanted our lost John Brown. \n\nStar-led for us stumbled and groped John Brown, — \n\nStar-led in the awful morasses to drown ; \n\nAnd the trumpet that rang for a nation's upheaval, \n\nFrom the thought that was just, thro1 the deed that was evil, \n\nWas blown with the breath of this dumb John Brown ! \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 269 \n\nBared heads and a pledge unto mad John Brown! \nNow the curse is allayed, now the dragon is down, \nNow we see, clear enough, looking back at the onset, \nChristianity's flood-tide and Chivalry's sunset \nIn the old broken heart of our hanged John Brown. \n\nWe have touched on the out-of-door life of our poet. It has \nenabled her to embody the bracing breath, the music, and the deli- \ncate colors of the New England spring in many a charming poem. \nThe critical Richard Watson Gilder gave unstinted praise to a tiny \nspring-time lyric in her earlier volume ; and her \" Gloucester Harbor,\" \nwhich has an unwonted note of human pathos, too, has won promi- \nnence among poems of places. Her eyes for the shyer beauties of \nwoodland or riverside are keener now, and her touch is surer. What \na lovely picture is this : — \n\n\"As a shy brook wheels from jutting boughs, \nAnd in a sidelong glimmer sobs away.\" \n\n\" Down Stream \" is exquisite, and so is \" Garden Chidings ; \" \nand as much must be said for \" Temptation,\" where the sight of a \ngypsy camp sets our poet wishing to \n\n\" Break the lens and the plane, \n\nTo burn the pen and the brush,\" \n\nthat she might be \n\n\"Abroad with the rain, \n\nAnd at home with the forest hush, \nWith the crag, and the flower-urn.\" \n\nHer verse is nearly always notably musical ; but \" The Knights \nof Weather \" is one of the best examples we have ever noted of a \npoem which sings itself. \n\n\" The White Sail \" is dedicated to the memory of Keats ; and \nwe find frequent traces of his influence, notably in \" Cyclamen.\" \nHow Keatsish, but how beautiful, are these lines : — \n\n\n270 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\" To thee my carol now ! albeit no lark \nHath for thy praise a throat too exquisite. \n\nOh would that song might fit \nThese harsh north slopes for thine inhabiting, \nOr shelter lend thy loveliest laggard wing, \nThou undefiled estray of earth's o'ervanished Spring ! \" \n\nAnd then from another poem, \" On Some Old Music \" : — \n\n\" How, like an angel, it effaced the crime, \nThe moil and heat of our tempestuous time, \n\nAnd brought from dewier air, to us who waited, \nThe breath of peace, the healing breath sublime ! \n\nAs falls, at midnight's chime \nTo an old pilgrim, plodding on belated. \nThe thought of Love's remote sunshining prime.\" \n\nOur poet is uncompanioned among the singers of our day — \nexcept by Edith Thomas — in this, that she sings no love songs. \nThere is a suggestion, though, of latent capabilities in that direction \nin the lyric from \" The White Sail,\" already quoted. She differs \nfrom other woman poets, too, in that she almost never writes a dis- \ntinctively religious poem. \" Ranieri \" and \" Frederic Ozanam \" are \nthe nearest approaches ; unless, indeed, we take \" Saint Cadoc's \nBell,\" which is as weird in its way as Mrs. Browning's \" Lay of the \nBrown Rosary.\" \n\nWe miss from this collection the noble Grant Memorial poem \nwhich Miss Guiney wrote, by invitation of the city of Boston, for \nthe Grant Eulogy, Oct. 22, 1885 ; and \" Sergeant Jasper,\" written \na few months later, and which was widely republished at the time \nof the unveiling of the monument to the hero of Fort Moultrie, \nin Savannah, Feb. 22, 1888. \n\nMiss Guiney's latest volume is \" Brownies and Bogies,\" D. Lo- \nthrop & Co., Boston, 1888. It is a veritable compendium of the \nfairy-tales and folk-lore of all times and peoples. She is a con- \ntributor to the \" Atlantic Monthly,\" \" Harpers' Magazine,\" the \n\" Catholic World,\" the \" Century,\" \" Scribner's,\" \" Wide Awake,\" \n\" The Critic,\" the New York \" Independent,\" etc. A fascinating \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 271 \n\nsketch of hers, \" Dr. Johnson's Favorites,\" was published anony- \nmously, a few months ago, in \" Macmillan's Magazine,\" London, \nEngland, and attracted much favorable comment in literary circles \non both sides of the water. \n\nMiss Guiney is versed in English literature far beyond the wont \neven of professed literary people. She is a good Latin scholar, \nfluent in French and Italian, an accomplished musician. She has \njust set out on a visit to Europe, which will probably be pro- \nlonged over two years. With youth, energy, and industry, a noble \ncharacter and an attractive personality, with an honorable place \nachieved in letters, while her resources are still but half developed, \nit is not rash to predict that within the next decade Louise Imogen \nGuiney will make for herself a great and enduring name in English \nliterature. K. E. C. \n\nMARY ELIZABETH BLAKE. \n\nMary Elizabeth M'Grath was born in Dungarvan, County Water- \nford, Ireland, in 1840. In 1849 sne came with her parents to Quincy, \nMass., where her father started the since well-known M'Grath marble \nworks. Her father was a man of scholarly tastes and extensive \nreading, and his daughter received most of her early education at \nhome. Later, she made the regular course at the Quincy High \nSchool, attended George B. Emerson's private school in Boston for a \nfew years, and finally devoted some years to music and the languages \nat the Academy of the Sacred Heart, Manhattanville, N.Y. In \n1865 she was married to Dr. John G. Blake, of Boston. \n\nWhile Mrs. Blake was still in her teens, her graceful poems and \nsketches, contributed to \" The Pilot \" over the pen-name of \" Marie,\" \nattracted much favorable notice. A little later, the Boston \" Gazette,\" \nthen under the editorship of P. B. Shillaber, secured her promising \npen. She wrote also for \" The Transcript \" and other Boston dailies. \nShe scored an immediate success with her \"Rambling Talks,\" in \n\"The Boston Journal.\" These have since become one of the most \npopular features of that paper. \n\n\n272 THE IRISH Ifi BOSTON. \n\nBut Mrs. Blake is preeminently a poet, with a very sweet and \ndistinct voice, akin to none of the American sisterhood of singers, \nexcept, perhaps, Mrs. Sarah M. B. Piatt. Her poems for children, \nmost of which appeared first in the \" Wide Awake,\" have made \" M. \nE. B.\" a dear name and L. familiar in thousands of American homes. \n\nWe find among Mrs. Blake's collected poems a cluster on which \nher poetic fame might safely rest, albeit they were penned with no \nthought of fame, and their author, like many another, but sang to \nease her sorrow. They are the poems evoked by the great and in- \neffaceable grief of her young motherhood, the deaths of three lovely \nchildren within a week. The cluster is named, \" In Sorrow,\" and the \ntears of bereaved mothers whose hearts have yearned to the author \nthrough fellowship of desolation is their all-sufficing eulogy. We \nquote : — \n\nA DEAD SUMMER. \n\nWhat lacks the summer? \n\nNot roses blowing, \n\nNor tall white lilies with fragrance rife, \n\nNor green things gay with the bliss of growing, \n\nNor glad things drunk with the wine of life, \n\nNor flushing of cloud in blue skies shining, \n\nNor soft wind murmurs to rise and fall. \n\nNor birds for singing, nor vines for twining, — \nThree little buds I miss, no more, \nThat blossomed last year at my garden door, — \nAnd that is all. \n\nWhat lacks the summer? \n\nNot waves a-quiver \n\nWith arrows of light from the hand of dawn, \n\nNor drooping of boughs by the dimpling river, \n\nNor nodding of grass on the windy lawn, \n\nNor tides upswept upon silver beaches, \n\nNor rustle of leaves on tree-tops tall, \n\nNor dapple of shade in woodland reaches, — \nLife pulses gladly on vale and hill, \nBut three little hearts that I love are still, — \nAnd that is all. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 273 \n\nWhat lacks the summer? \n\nOh, light and savor, \n\nAnd message of healing the world above ! \n\nGone is the old-time strength and flavor, \n\nGone is the old-time peace and love, \n\nGone is the bloom of the shimmering meadows, \n\nMusic of birds as they sweep and fall, — \n\nAll the great world is dim with shadows, \n\nBecause no longer mine eyes can see \nThe eyes that made summer and life for me, — \nAnd that is all. \n\n\nThe later development of Mrs. Blake's poetic gift, as shown in \nher \" Wendell Phillips,\" written by invitation of the city of Boston for \nhis memorial in 1884; \"How Ireland Answered,\" and \" Women of \nthe Revolution,\" both in 1885, — reveal splendid strength and fervor. \nMrs. Blake was the poet of the Golden Jubilee celebration of the Sis- \nters of Charity in 1882, and of the Catholic Union's Festival in \nhonor of Pope Pius IX. in 1873. Here is a poem of Mrs. Blake's, a \nfavorite at Irish patriotic festivals, reproduced hundreds of times in \nIrish publications, which cannot be omitted from this sketch. She \ncalls it \n\nOUR RECORD. \n\nWho casts a slur on Irish worth, a stain on Irish fame? \nWho dreads to own his Irish blood, or wear his Irish name? \nWho scorns the warmth of Irish hearts, the clasp of Irish hands? \nLet us but raise the veil to-night and shame him as he stands. \n\nThe Irish fame ! It rests enshrined within its own proud light, \nWherever sword, or tongue, or pen has fashioned deed of might; \nFrom battle-charge of Fontenoy to Grattan's thunder tone, \nIt holds its storied past on high, unrivalled and alone. \n\nThe Irish blood ! Its crimson tide has watered hill and plain \nWherever there were wrongs to crush, or freeman's rights to gain ; \nNo dastard thought, no coward fear, has held it tamely by \nWhen there were noble deeds to do, or noble deaths to die ! \n\n\n274 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nThe Irish heart ! the Irish heart ! God keep it fair and free ; \nThe fulness of its kindly thought, its wealth of honest glee, \nIts generous strength, its ardent faith, its uncomplaining trust, \nThough every worshipped idol breaks and crumbles into dust. \n\nAnd Irish hands, — aye, lift them up, embrowned by honest toil, \nThe champions of our Western World, the guardians of the soil ! \nWhen flashed their battle-swords aloft, a waiting world might see \nWhat Irish hands could do and dare to keep a nation free. \n\nThey bore our starry flag above through bastion, gate, and wall ; \nThey stood before the foremost rank, the bravest of them all ; \nAnd when before the cannon's mouth they held the foe at bay, \nOh, never could old Ireland's heart beat prouder than that day ! \n\nSo when a craven fain would hide the birth-mark of his race, \n\nOr slightly speak of Erin's sons before her children's face, \n\nBreathe no weak word of scorn or shame, but crush him where he stands \n\nWith Irish worth and Irish fame as won by Irish hands. \n\nMrs. Blake's prose is clear, picturesque, and vivacious. . She \nis a favorite contributor both of prose and poetry to the New \nYork \" Independent,\" \" Catholic World,\" \" Ladies' Home Journal,\" \nof Philadelphia, \" Wide-Awake,\" \" St. Nicholas,\" Providence \n\" Journal,\" Chicago \" Herald,\" and other publications. Her pub- \nlished works include: \"Poems,\" Houghton, Mifflin, & Co., 1882; \n\" On the Wing,\" Lee, Shepard, & Co., the outcome of a tour to \nCalifornia, 1883; \"The Merry Months Alt,\" 1885; \"Youth in \nTwelve Centuries,\" D. Lothrop & Co., 1886, — the two last-named \nare children's poems ; \" Mexico : Picturesque, Political, Progres- \nsive,\" Lee, Shepard, & Co., 1888, which she wrote in conjunction \nwith Mrs. Margaret F. Sullivan, of Chicago, after a sojourn in \nour neighbor republic which they made together. With this \nsame devoted friend Mrs. Blake is, at present writing, making a \nfive months' tour of Europe. \n\nMrs. Blake's well-ordered and happy home is a standing \nrefutation of the absurd old notion that a woman of letters is \nof necessity a failure in the higher office of wife and mother. In \nplace of the portrait, which the editor of this volume regrets to \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 275 \n\nhave been unable to secure, the following pen-picture of Mrs. \nBlake, from the faithful and tender hand of her friend above- \nnamed, is given: — \n\n\" Here is a face that one. must linger on, pale but healthful, with \na pair of brown riddles for eyes, the love in them chasing the laughter, \nand both love and laughter very deep in their liquid depths. Keen \nsensibility beneath habitual reserve, internal heat and exterior fri- \ngidity, humor that must be rollicking when relaxed, and imagination \nthat must be superb when freed from restraint. The studious ex- \npression bespeaks power of concentration ; the quick flashes of sensi- \nbility betray the hidden vivacity, and there is a deft mingling of \ngravity, satire, and levity on the face that would have made one ask \nwho the lady is.\" \n\nOur sketch fitly closes with this poem, one of the best Mrs. \nBlake ever wrote : — \n\nHOW IRELAND ANSWERED. \n\nA TRADITION OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. \n\nWheresoe'er in song or story \n\nRuns one theme of ancient glory, \nWheresoe'er in word or action lives one spark for Freedom's shrine, \n\nRead it out before the people, \n\nRing it loud in street and steeple, \nTill the hearts of those who listen thrill beneath its power divine ! \n\nAnd, as lives immortal, gracious, \n\nThe great deed of young Horatius, \nOr that gauntlet of defiance flung by Tell in Gessler's face, \n\nSo for him who claims as sireland \n\nThe green hills of holy Ireland, \nLet the speech of old John Parnell speak its lesson to his race. \n\n'Twas in days when, sore tormenting, \n\nWith a malice unrelenting, \nEngland pushed her youngest step-child past endurance into strife, \n\n'Til with weak, frail hands uplifted — \n\nWith but hate and courage gifted — \nShe began the desperate struggle that should end in death — or life. \n\n\n276 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n'Twas the fourth long year of fighting ; \n\nWant and woe and famine, biting, \nNipped the heart-strings of \" the Rebels,\" chilled their pulse with cold despair; \n\nSouthern swamp and Northern mountain \n\nFed full streams to war's red fountain, \nAnd the gloom of hopeless struggle darkened all the heavy air. \n\nLincoln's troops in wild disorder, \n\nBeaten on the Georgian border ; \nFivescore craft, off Norfolk harbor, scuttled deep beneath the tide ; \n\nHessian thieves, in swaggering sallies, \n\nRaiding fair New England valleys ; \nWhile before Savannah's trenches brave Pulaski, fighting, died I \n\nIndian allies war-whoops raising, \n\nWhere Wyoming's roofs are blazing ; \nClinton, full of pomp and bluster, sailing down on Charleston ; \n\nAnd the people, faint with striving, \n\nWorn with aimless, sad contriving, \nTired at last of Freedom's battle, heedless if 'tis lost or won ! \n\nShall now England pause in mercy, \n\nWhen the frozen plains of Jersey, \nTracked with blood, show pathways trodden by bare feet of wounded men ? \n\nWhen the drained and tortured nation \n\nHolds no longer gold or ration \nTo upbuild her broken fortune, or to fill her veins again? \n\nNay ! but striking swift and surely, \n\nNow to gain the end securely, \nStirring asks for reinforcements — volunteers to speed the cause ; \n\nAnd King George, in mandate royal, \n\nSpeeds amid his subjects loyal, \nCalls for dutiful assistance to avenge his outraged laws. \n\nIn the name of law and order, \n\nSends across the Irish border \nTo the wild and reckless spirits of whose daring well he knows : \n\n\" Ho ! brave fools who fight for pleasure ! \n\nHere is chance for fame and treasure ; \nTeach those brazen Yankee devils the full force of Irish blows ! \" \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 277 \n\nOld John Parnell, cool and quiet, — \n\nStrange result on Celtic diet, — \nColonel he of volunteers, and well-beloved chief of men, \n\nReads the royal proclamation, \n\nAnswers for himself and nation — \nYe who heed the voice of honor, list the ringing words again : \n\n\"Still, as in her ancient story, \n\nIreland fights for right and glory ; \nStill her sons, through blood and danger, hold unstained their old renown ; \n\nBut by God who reigneth o'er me, \n\nBy the Motherland that bore me, \n\nNever Irish gold or valor helps to strike a patriot down ! \" \n• ••••*• \n\nThus, 'mid themes immortal, gracious, \n\nLike the deed of young Horatius, \nOr that gauntlet of defiance flung by Tell in Gessler's face, \n\nLet the Celt who claims as sireland \n\nThe green hills of holy Ireland, \nPlace the speech of old John Parnell, for the glory of his race. \n\n\nKATHERINE ELEANOR CONWAY. \n\nKatharine Eleanor Conway was born in Rochester, N.Y., of Irish \nparents. Her father was a bridge-builder and railroad contractor, \nand active in the politics of his city and State. Her mother was a \nhome-keeper and book-lover, and the environment of the childhood \nof the subject of this sketch was eminently conducive to early mental \ndevelopment and intelligent interest in public affairs. \n\nShe studied successively in the schools of the Sisters of Charity \nand the Nuns of the Sacred Heart, in her native city, completing her \ncourse at St. Mary's Academy, Buffalo, N.Y. One of her teachers \nin this last-named school was an English lady, a convert, who had \ncome into the Church on the high tide of the Tractarian movement. \nShe was a singularly gifted woman, accomplished, earnest, who \nhad known personally many of the famous people of the Dickens- \nThackeray era ; and the glimpses she gave her young pupil into that \ngolden time was a not-to-be-forgotten delight. She encouraged \n\n\n278 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nKatherine to write, — indeed, her first published work (1868) was \ndone in school, when she was about fifteen years of age. \n\nFor several years thereafter she did reportorial work, verses, \nsketches, etc., for the Rochester \" Daily Union,\" and correspondence \nfor several New York papers. All this was more in the line of in- \nstinctive out-reaching, than the expression of any definite plan or \npurpose. She found at this time a judicious and helpful friend in \nBishop M'Quaid, of Rochester, who, noting the aspiration, rather \nthan the accomplishment, in some of the young girl's published work, \nopened his library to her, and by practical direction and suggestion \ngreatly influenced the development of her aptitudes and the deter- \nmination of her life-work. \n\nFrom 1873-78 she edited in Rochester a little Catholic maga- \nzine, the \" West End Journal.\" Serious family reverses occurring \nbetween these dates threw her on her own resources, and her ready \npen became by degrees a source of revenue. She was for several \nyears teacher of rhetoric and literature in the Normal School of \nNazareth Convent, Rochester, and a contributor of short stories to \nthe Philadelphia \" Catholic Record \" and various New York story \npapers and magazines. \n\nFrom 1878 till 1883 — with one short break — she was assistant \neditor on the \" Catholic Union and Times,\" of Buffalo, N.Y. In \n1 883 she accepted a position on the editorial staff of \" The Pilot,\" \nof Boston, where she has since remained. \n\nHer purely literary work includes a volume of poems, \" On the \nSunrise Slope,\" brought out by the Catholic Publication Society \nCompany, of New York, in 1881, and quite successful. In 1886 \nshe edited for Mrs. Clara Erskine Clement, the art writer, \" Christian \nSymbols and Stories of the Saints,\" published by Ticknor & Co., of \nBoston. This work has gone through several editions, winning warm \napproval from high Catholic authorities, and a recognition of marked \nand unusual kindness even from Pope Leo XIII., to whom a copy \nwas presented near the time of his Golden Jubilee. \n\nMiss Conway has contributed literary criticisms, personal \nsketches, etc., to the Providence \" Journal,\" Buffalo \" Courier,\" and \n\n\n' U L3 [ i \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 279 \n\nother papers, besides doing much anonymous work in the way of \nbook editing and compiling. In journalism she is accounted an \nadaptable and persistent worker. J. W. De Forest, the novelist and \npoet, says of her poems, that they are all marked by refreshing \nearnestness and sincerity; and not a few of them by wonderful \npassion, energy, and condensation. \n\nMiss Conway was the first Catholic to address the Women's \nEducational rand Industrial U,nion, of Boston, — a society, non-secta- \nrian, it is true, but with a membership almost entirely Protestant. In- \nvited a year ago to prepare a paper on a distinctly Catholic theme, \nshe chose \" The Blessed Among Women,\" setting forth to her hearers \nthe place of the Blessed Virgin in the Catholic Church, the grounds \nof Catholic devotion to her, her influence on the elevation of woman- \nhood, on poetry, art, music. The paper was exceedingly well \nreceived, and attracted general attention, at the time, for the novelty \nof the attendant circumstances. Later, the same society invited Miss \nConway to address them again, and, under the head of \" Some \nChristian Ideas,\" to explain the Catholic understanding of the Church \nIdea. This paper was even more widely noticed than the preceding \none, and the author was requested to repeat it before several societies, \nboth Catholic and non-Catholic. A new paper, \" The Ideals of \nChristian Womanhood,\" written for the Boston Catholic Union, has \nbeen engaged also for several other associations. \n\nMiss Conway is a member of the executive council of the New \nEngland Woman's Press Club, and chairman of its literary committee. \n\nShe is not more remarkable for her mental qualities than for \ntheir large balance and proportion. Her poetic gift, inborn and \ndominant, leaves her no less a woman of action, a natural helper, a \npublicist, — one with whom all clan feelings are intense, and in whom \nno outer sympathy is lacking. With her habits of consistency and \njustice, her perfect temper, her zealous, aggressive pen, she has one \ndistinct Grecian trait, — the love for organization, and the personality \nwhich fits it and succeeds best through it. During her few journal- \nistic years in Boston she has made herself a place, special, and yet \nmarkedly representative, and has worked, with gracious modesty, for \n\n\n280 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nevery good cause within reach. Though Miss Conway is too busy \nto delight us often with her thoughtful and thrilling poetry, yet she \nis very blessed in \" a deedful life,\" incapable of any but the highest \nand gentlest ideals, and which, in itself, makes an eloquence and a \nmusic of every day. \n\nThe appended poem is fairly representative : — \n\nOUT OF THE SHADOW OF DEATH. \nIRELAND, 1800-1885. \n\n\"She died from you,\" they said, \"in the flush of her bridal bloom.\" \nBut they lied with their hearts and lips — beloved, thou could'st not die ! \n\nThey lured thee out of my arms, and shut thee alive in the tomb, \nAnd guarded with fire and sword the place of thine agony. \n\nAnd they laughed but yester-eve, in their cruel strength and scorn, \nSaying, \"Still through the years he seeks her — O fondest, faithfullest ! \n\nAnd still are fools to follow his beck on a hope forlorn, \nAnd never a one a-weary — and oh, the idle quest!\" \n\nDid they dream their swords could sunder the bonds of soul to soul? \n\nOr that flames could daunt my purpose, though lit from the central Hell? \nAh, they thought I grieved like a man — that time would ease my dole, \n\nWith a new fair face forgetting what late I loved so well ! \n\nThey knew me not — changeless, deathless, what time with heart grief riven, \n\nFor thee in mortal seeming the paths of pain I trod — \nBut I am Freedom — Freedom — and I've stood in the highest heaven, \n\nWith the seven armored angels who guard the throne of God. \n\nCourage, mine own, nor falter, but hold for thy life to me — \n\nLook not back where the flames and the swords and the serpents were — \n\nLook up ! for yon stars are the souls of the men who died for thee, \nCrushed under the stone they would roll from the door of thy sepulchre. \n\nAh, me! but thy face is wan, and thy sweet eyes dimmed with tears, \nAnd the soul on thy pale lips flutters as if it were fain to flee — \n\nAh, God! for thy years of waiting — thy tortured, murdered years — \nEre I rent thy tomb and fled through the Valley of Death with thee ! \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 281 \n\nBut oh! for our journey's end, and home, and the light of dawn, \nAnd the sweet green earth, the bird-singing, the balm of the soft sea air — \n\nOh, to hold thee close to my heart till the chill of the grave is gone, \nAnd kiss thy lips and thy hands and the strands of thy long fair hair ! \n\nCourage, mine own, nor falter, but cling for thy life to me — • \nHear the home-welcoming music, nor faint nor far away — \n\nAnd the conquering Cross ablaze in the heavens above us — see! \nWe are out of the Shadow of Death — but one step more to the day! \n\n\nMARY CATHERINE CROWLEY. \n\nMary Catherine Crowley is a native of Boston, and of a family \nprominent in its early and later Irish Catholic history. On her moth- \ner's side she is descended from the historic Scotch family of Cameron, \nof Lochiel and Lundavra. Miss Crowley's early education was con- \nducted at home. Later she attended the Academy of Notre Dame, \nRoxbury, Mass., and finally made the full course at the Academy \nof the Sacred Heart, Manhattan ville, where her mother and aunts \nhad also been educated. \n\nMiss Crowley's literary career began about four years ago. \nShe was fortunate in reaching her public at once through excellent \nmediums. We find her early work in the \" Catholic World,\" the \n\" Pilot,\" and the \" Wide Awake.\" She figures also in that rather \nfamous nursery of young talent, Father Russell's \" Irish Monthly,\" \nand is a contributor of short stories to the \" M'Clure Syndicate.\" \nStill later she appears in the \" St. Nicholas,\" the \" Ave Maria,\" the \n\"Ladies' Home Journal,\" of Philadelphia, as an occasional corre- \nspondent of the New York \" Freeman,\" and other Catholic publica- \ntions. Her poems are graceful and musical, her prose sketches and \nstories sprightly and delicate, while certain of her frequent anony- \nmous contributions to the Boston press on household, social, and \neducational topics reveal real thought, sound sense, and breadth of \nmind, and a capacity for terse and direct expression. \n\nIt is, however, as a writer of children's stories that Miss Crowley \nseems thus far destined to make her highest reputation. There is \n\n\n282 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\na superstition that any woman who can write at all ought to be able \nto write acceptably for children. Few realize that those characters \nare rare indeed that attain womanhood keeping the fragrance of \ntheir childhood still about them, and holding the clue whereby they \ncan wander back at will to the lovely, innocent world of the child-heart. \nMiss Crowley is one of the fortunate few. Her first ventures, begun \nlittle more than a year ago in the line of stories from real life for \nchildren of to-day, were immediately successful. In response to a \nwidely expressed demand, she gathered a few of these together from \nthe pages of the \"Ave Maria\" and the \"Ladies' Home Journal,\" \nand issued them in book form, under the title of \" Merry Hearts and \nTrue,\" from the press of D. & J. Sadlier & Co., New York City. \nThis charming little book had the unusual good fortune to go into \nits second edition the week it was published. Miss Crowley is at \nwork on another volume of short stories, which will probably be \nready for the Christmas holidays. There is evidently a very success- \nful career before her in a department of literature where compara- \ntively few succeed. \n\nMiss Crowley is well versed in French, Spanish, and German ; \nis a brilliant musician, and gifted with all in character and acquire- \nment that makes a woman attractive in home-life and society. \n\nK. E. C. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES \n\n\nBOSTON LAWYERS. \n\n\nSKETCHES OF BOSTON LAWYERS. \n\n\nAHERIN, JOHN H. P., lawyer, born in \nBoston, April u, 1858. He was educated \nat St. Mary's Parochial School, graduated in \n1872, and was employed as clerk in the office \nof the Registry of Deeds until 1877. He \nstudied law in the office of Mr. F. W. Kit- \ntredge, and later became the conveyancer of \nMessrs. Crowley & Maxwell, with whom he \nremained until October, 1885, when he en- \ntered the Boston University Law School. \nHe graduated in 1886, and was admitted to \nthe Suffolk bar in June of the same year, \nand afterwards established himself in prac- \ntice. \n\nBARLOW, JAMES P., lawyer, born in North \nEaston, Mass., Feb. 22, 1863. He was edu- \ncated in the public schools of that town, and \nwas a graduate of the North Easton High \nSchool, June 28, 1879, and the Boston Uni- \nversity Law School, May 28, 1886. He was \nadmitted to the bar July 20, 1886, and began \nthe practice of his profession in Boston, July, \n1887. He ranks among the very young but \npromising lawyers in this vicinity. \n\nBARRY, THOMAS J., lawyer, born in South \nBoston, January I, 1857. He graduated \nfrom the Lawrence Grammar School in \n1869, and the English High School in 1873. \nHe attended Comer's Commercial College \nand Holy Cross College. He afterwards \nreceived a special course of two years at the \nBoston Latin School, and a classical course \nof one year at the Chauncy Hall School. \nHe graduated at the Harvard Law School \nin 1881, with the degree of LL.B. He \nsubsequently studied law in a supplementary \nway, in the office of J. M. Baker, and was \n\n\nadmitted to the bar in January, 1882. He \nhas been actively engaged in politics since \n1884. He was counsel for the Journeymen \nTailors at the time of the strike at Somer's \nstore, obtaining for them the right to have \ndelegates walk the street in front of the es- \ntablishment without causing an obstruction. \nSince 1883 he has been attorney and secre- \ntary of the Warm Springs Consolidated \nMining Co. He is also a stockholder of \nthe Canton Manufacturing Co. During the \nschool season, since 1 88 1, he has filled the \nposition of secretary of the Evening High \nSchool, of Boston. He is a member of the \nCharitable Irish Society, Clover Club, and \nDemocratic City Committee, of Boston. He \nis, at present, the president of the latter \norganization, having been elected in 1887. \n\nBURKE, JOHN H., lawyer, born in Chelsea, \nMass., September 6, 1856. He graduated \nat the Bigelow Grammar School, South Bos- \nton, attended Boston College, and graduated \nfrom the Boston University Law School in \n1878, receiving the degree of LL.B. He \nwas admitted to the Suffolk County bar in \nSeptember, 1878. He practised law on his \nown account for five years, in the office of \nHon. P. A. Collins, when, in 1883, he became \na member of the law firm of Collins, Burke, \n& Griffin. He had entire management of \nthe legal business of the office during Mr. \nCollins's terms in Congress. He is a mem- \nber of the Montgomery Light Guard Veteran \nAssociation, and was recently elected the \npresident of the Charitable Irish Society. \n\n\nBYRNE, PATRICK HENRY, lawyer, born in \nLavagh, County Roscommon, Ireland, Feb. \n\n\n(285) \n\n\n286 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\n5, 1844, died at Jamaica, Long Island, N.Y., \nJuly 31, 1 88 1, aged thirty -seven years five \nmonths and twenty-six days. He came to \nthis country with his widowed mother when \nabout five years old, and received bis primary \nand academic education in the schools of \nNew York City and at the University of New \nYork. \n\nHe was employed by his uncle, Mr. \nH. Brennan, at the marble-worker's trade. \nHe subsequently abandoned the business, \nhowever, and accepted a position as travel- \nling salesman for a wholesale woollen house \nin Boston. He eventually became the senior \nmember of the collection agency firm of \nByrne, Everett, & Co., 9 Pemberton square, \nbut later disposed of his interest there and \nremoved to New York City, where he estab- \nlished the same business on a far more ex- \ntensive and systematic plan, with headquar- \nters in the Bennett Building of that city. In \naddition to his business activity he also at- \ntended the law school of the University of \nNew York, from which institution he received \nhis diploma in 1875, and was soon afterward \nadmitted to practice as an attorney-at-law. \nTo the ambitious young man the law was \nhis aim and life-work, and he devoted himself \nentirely to its extended study and practice, \nwith an office at 67 Wall street. He acquired a \nprominent and promising reputation as a law- \nyer for one of his age, and his intelligence, \ngeniality, and correct habits always won for \nhim the admiration of his many friends. \nDuring his legal practice he was retained in \na number of important cases involving large \ninterests, and by his ability as a counsel and \nadvocate his clients were always ably repre- \nsented. He was also associated in the \nmanufacture of patent gas-fixtures at Mor- \nrisana. He left a wife and four children. \n\nCANAVAN, MICHAEL J., lawyer, born in \nSomerville, Mass., resides in Lexington, \nMass. He graduated at the Somerville High \nSchool in 1867, and later entered Harvard \nUniversity, where he was graduated cum \nlaudc. In 1871 he had the degree of A.B. \nconferred upon him at Harvard, and he \n\n\nafterwards went to Germany, where, from \n1871 to 1873, he spent much time at the \nUniversity of Gottingen. On his return to \nthis country he reentered Harvard Univer- \nsity and distinguished himself. He received \nthe degree of LL.B. in 1876, and A.M. in \nthe same year. He was a trustee of the \nSomerville Public Library, and is independent \nin politics. He is actively engaged in ma- \nnipulating and dealing in Western invest- \nments, lands, and mortgages. \n\nCASEY, JOHN H., lawyer, born in Somer- \nville, Mass., Dec. 7, 1860. He was educated \nin the public schools of Somerville, and re- \nmoved to Boston in 1 880, where he attended \nthe Boston University Law School. He \nstudied law also in the office of Stearns & \nButler, and was admitted to the Suffolk bar \nin December, 1884. After practising law for \na few years in this city, on Jan. I, 1888, he \naccepted a position as clerk to the District \nAttorney of Suffolk County. He is a mem- \nber of the Royal Society of Good Fellows. \n\nCASSIDY, WILLIAM E., lawyer, born in \nBoston in 1856. , He graduated at the Law- \nrence Grammar School and the Boston \nUniversity Law School. Since his admission \nto the bar he has practised law in Boston, \nand during i884-'85-'86 was a commissioner \nof insolvency. \n\nCOLLINS, JOHN A., lawyer, born in Bos- \nton, February 29, 1860. He graduated at \nthe Lincoln Grammar School and the English \nHigh School, attended the law schools of both \nHarvard College and Boston University, and \nreceived the degree of LL.B. from the latter. \nHe began the practice of law in Boston in \n1883. He was elected to the Massachusetts \nHouse of Representatives of 1885, and again \nof 1886, and during his second term was the \nyoungest member of that body. He repre- \nsented South Boston in the Senate of 1888,' \nand was also honored with being the young- \nest member of the upper branch of the Leg- \nislature. He has been a member of the \nDemocratic City Central Committee for three \n\n\nBIO GRAPHICAL SKE TCHES. \n\n\n287 \n\n\nyears, and also a member of the Executive \nCommittee. He is president of the local \nconference of the Society of St Vincent \nde Paul. \n\nCOLLINS, JOHN J., lawyer, born in Boston, \nAug. 28, 1862. He was educated in the \npublic schools of this city, and at Holy Cross \nCollege, Worcester, from which he grad- \nuated in 1884. He afterward studied law at \nthe Boston University Law School, grad- \nuated, and was admitted to the Suffolk bar in \n1886. He is located in the office of Hon. P. \nA. Collins. \n\nCOLLINS, MARK C., lawyer, born in Bos- \nton, September 24, 1849. He attended the \npublic schools; graduated from the Boston \nUniversity Law School in 1879, and was ad- \nmitted to the bar the following year. He \nhas since been engaged in the practice of \nthe legal profession in this city. \n\nCOLLISON, HARVEY N., lawyer, born in \nBoston, March 22, 1 860. He attended the \nBoston public schools; graduated at Harvard \nCollege in 1881; graduated from the Boston \nUniversity Law School in 1884, and was \nadmitted to the Suffolk County bar the same \nyear. He represented Ward 6 in the Com- \nmon Council of 1 883-'84-'85, and in the Legis- \nlature of 1 887-'88, serving on the committees \non Election Laws, Probate, and Insolvency. \nIn 1887 he was elected a member of the Bos- \nton School Committee; is a Director of East \nBoston Ferries, a member of the Irish Char- \nitable Society, the Democratic Ward and City \nCommittee, and Vice-President of the Young \nMen's Democratic Club of Massachusetts. \n\nCOOGAN, MICHAEL B., lawyer, bora in \nNew Bedford, Mass., March 21, 1858. He \nwas educated in the public schools of Provi- \ndence, R.I., and the Phillips Grammar School, \nBoston. He subsequently studied law in the \noffice of Hon. Owen A. Galvin, and was ad- \nmitted to the Suffolk County bar, July 10, 1 883. \nHe was appointed clerk in the office of the \nUnited States Marshal by Gen. N. P. Banks, \n\n\nAug. 8, 1887, and served in that capacity \nuntil July 7, 1888, when he was commissioned \nas a United States Secret Service Agent, in \ncharge of the New England District, with \nheadquarters at Room 132 Post-Office Build- \ning, Boston. He was secretary of the Demo- \ncratic City Committee of Cambridge in 1886- \n89; and is a member of St. John's Court \nNo. 33, Massachusetts Catholic Order of \nForesters, and Anchor Assembly 30, Royal \nSociety of Good Fellows. \n\nCOONEY, PATRICK H., lawyer, born in \nStockbridge, Mass., Dec. 20, 1845. He was \neducated in the Natick High School and \nWest Newton English and Classical School. \nHe subsequently studied law. He has been \nAssistant District Attorney for Middlesex \nCounty since Jan. I, 1880, and was a mem- \nber of the School Committee of Natick for \nfour years, from March, 1 880. He has a law \noffice in Boston, and is a member of the \nAlgonquin Club and Meridian Lodge of \nMasons, Natick. \n\nCOTTER, JAMES E., lawyer, bora in County \nCork, Ireland, in 1848. He was educated in \nthe public schools of Marlboro' and the \nState Normal School of Bridgewater; began \nstudying law August 28, 1871, with William \nB. Gale, at Marlboro', and was admitted to \nthe bar at Cambridge, January 2, 1874. \nFive days later he removed to Hyde Park, \nMass. Since that period he has practised law \nin Norfolk and Suffolk counties. He was \nchairman of Registrars of Voters of Hyde \nPark in 1884-85 ; member of the School Com- \nmittee for five years, beginning March, 1886; \nhe served as Chairman of the Board in 1888, \nand declined a renomination, although ear- \nnestly urged to accept by the citizens of the \ntown, even those who differed with him po- \nlitically; town counsel for Hyde Park from \n1878 to 1889, and for Walpole since 1886. \nHe was the Democratic nominee for district \nattorney for the south-eastern district, com- \nprising Norfolk and Plymouth counties, in \n1874, and again in 1877; a candidate for \nPresidential Elector on the Democratic ticket \n\n\n288 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nin 1884, receiving 122,000 votes; he is a \nmember of the Norfolk and Suffolk bar as- \nsociations, of the Charitable Irish Society, \nand the Massachusetts Order of Foresters. \n\nCOURTNEY, WILLIAM F., lawyer, born in \nLowell, Mass., Dec. 10, 1855. He was edu- \ncated in the public schools of Lowell, is a \ngraduate of the Lowell Commercial College \nand the Harvard Law School of 1878. He \nwas admitted to the bar July 8, 1878, and \npractised the legal profession in his native \ncity. He was a member of the Legislature \nin 1882. In 1886 he entered into partner- \nship with Mr. Isaac S. Morse, for the practice \nof law in Boston. During 1887 he acted as \nCity Solicitor for Lowell. He was engaged \nas counsel for the defendant in the case of \nCommonwealth vs. Howe. This was a case \nof alleged ballot-stuffing on the license ques- \ntion. In the lower court his client was con- \nvicted, but the case was carried to the Supreme \nCourt, on the ground that there was no law \nto punish it, and the point was sustained. \nIn view of this oversight, the Governor of \nMassachusetts sent a special message to the \nLegislature relative to the matter, and in \n1887 the present law covering such cases \nwas enacted. \n\nCREED, MICHAEL J., lawyer, born in South \nBoston, Aug. 28, 1856. He graduated at \nthe Bigelow Grammar School in 1869; at- \ntended the English High School; took a \nspecial classical course; graduated at Bos- \nton University Law School in 1879, receiving \nthe degree of LL.B., and was admitted to \nthe bar shortly afterwards. He was a member \nof the Legislature of i884-'85-'86; is on the \nFinance Committee of the Democratic City \nCentral Committee, 1889, and a Commis- \nsioner of Insolvency for Suffolk County. \n\nCRONAN, JOHN F., lawyer, born in Boston, \nApril 9, 1856. He attended the public \nschools and the English High School; gradu- \nated at the Boston University Law School in \n1879. He supplemented his legal studies in \nthe office of F. A. Perry, and was admitted \n\n\nto the Suffolk bar when only twenty-three \nyears of age. In 1876 he delivered a number \nof campaign speeches for Samuel J. Tilden, \nalso for General Butler in the State campaign \nof 1878. He is one of the prominent young \nDemocrats, and has resided in South Boston \nfor a number of years. \n\nCRONIN, CORNELIUS F., lawyer, born in \nSouth Boston, April 9, 1856. He attended \nthe public schools, French's Commercial \nCollege, and graduated from the Boston \nUniversity Law School in 1879; was ad- \nmitted to the bar the same year. He was \na member of the Legislature from Ward 13 \nin i88i-'82-'83; represented the Fifth Suf- \nfolk District in the Senate of 1884; the \ncandidate of the Democratic party for City \nSolicitor of Boston in 1885, but was defeated \nby five votes; is a member of the Mechanic \nApprentice's Association and the South Bos- \nton Young Men's Catholic Association. \n\nCRONIN, CORNELIUS F., lawyer, born in the \nCounty Cork, Ireland, July 25, 185 1. He came \nto this country when but a few years old, and \nlocated in Boston. He graduated at the \nDwight School (Franklin medal scholar) \nand the Boston University Law School, \nwhere he received the degree of LL.B. \nAfter leaving the grammar school he en- \ngaged for a time in the junk business, and \ntravelled considerably through the United \nStates and Canada. Upon his return to \nthis city he studied law in the office of Wm. \nC. Greene, afterward with Messrs. Gargan, \nSwasey, & Adams, supplemented his legal \nstudies at the Law School, and was ad- \nmitted to the bar in 1878. He was a mem- \nber of the Massachusetts Legislature in 1881- \n'82-'83, and the State Senate during 1884. \nHe has been a resident of South Boston for \nseveral years, but is at present located in Los \nAngeles, Cal. \n\nDACEY, TIMOTHY J., born in Boston on \nthe nth of October, 1849; died Dec. 15, \n1887. His parents came to this country \nfrom Ireland about fifty-five years ago. His \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n289 \n\n\nfather, John Dacey, afterwards took an active \npart in municipal affairs, serving in the \nCommon Council in 1860 and 1861, and was \nelected to the lower branch of the Legisla- \nture in 1863 and the year following. Young \nDacey was a graduate of the Eliot Grammar \nSchool, receiving a Franklin medal in 1863. \nHe passed through the English High School, \nand completed his education at Holy Cross \nCollege, Worcester. He subsequently be- \ngan the study of the law at the Harvard Law \nSchool, and graduated in 1871, being ad- \nmitted to the bar in the same year. Mr. \nDacey early in life became interested in poli- \ntics, and first entered the public service as a \nmember of the Common Council from old \nWard 2 in 1872, being reflected in the fol- \nlowing year. He became a candidate for \nthe lower branch of the General Court, and \nwas elected for the session of 1874. In 1875 \nhe was elected a member of the State Senate, \nwhere he served two terms, winning the \napprobation of his constituents and the \ncitizens at large by his admirable course \nwhile a member of that body. He was a \nmember of the judiciary committee during \nboth sessions. He was appointed a member \nof the Board of Trustees of the City Hospital \non Feb. 7, 1873, and was a member till the \ntime of his death, being president of the \nboard during five years. He was a delegate \nto the National Democratic Convention at \nSt. Louis in 1876, which nominated Samuel \nJ. Tilden. In January, 1877, ^e was aP' \npointed First Assistant District Attorney of \nSuffolk County. He first became a member \nof the School Board in 1880 for two years, \nand in 1883 he was again elected to the \nBoard, his nomination being tendered by \nthe Democrats and Republicans alike. Mr. \nDacey was returned to the Board in 1885 for \nthe term of four years, and for three years was \npresident of that body. He also served on \nmany of the important committees prior to \nhis election as chairman. He was identified \nwith a number of political and social organi- \nzations, and once was president of the Chari- \ntable Irish Society. He was a member of \nthe Ancient_and Honorable Artillery Com- \n\n\npany of Boston, and was one of a special \ncommittee which visited Great Britain as \nguests of the Ancient and Honorable Ar- \ntillery Company of London on the occasion of \nthe jubilee anniversary of the latter company. \n\nDALY, ANTHONY C., lawyer, born in Bos- \nton, Oct. II, 1853. He was educated in \nthe public schools of this city. He subse- \nquently studied law, and was admitted while \nquite a young man to practice at the Suffolk \nCounty bar. He represented Ward 6 in the \nLegislature of 1 878. A short time afterwards \nhe accepted a position as attorney for a rail- \nroad in the West, where he is now located. \n\nDOHERTY, PHILIP J., lawyer, born in \nCharlestown, Jan. 27, 1856, where he has \nalways resided. He is of Irish parentage, \nand is the grandson of James and Mary \nMunnegle, of the Parish of Desertagney, \nIreland. He graduated at the Harvard Gram- \nmar School in 1870, and at the Charlestown \nHigh School in 1874. At an early age he \nbegan the study of law, and completed his \ncourse at the Boston University Law School \nin 1876, receiving the degree of LL.B. He \nwas admitted to the Suffolk bar, June 4, 1877, \nand has been an active practitioner ever since. \nHe was elected by the Democrats of Ward 5 \nto the Legislature of i884~'85-'86, and during \nhis three years of service in the General Court \ndid effective work for his constituency and \nthe working-classes throughout the State \ngenerally. During his last term of legisla- \ntive experience he was the acknowledged \nleader of the Democratic side of the House, \nand his subsequent vigorous and eloquent \ncampaign speeches for the Democratic party \nhave placed him in a position of prominence \nthroughout the Commonwealth. The first \nyear that Mr. Doherty served in the Legisla- \nture he worked hard for the passage of the \nbill to abolish contract convict labor; also in \nfavor of the bill providing that no minor \nunder eighteen years of age, and no woman, \nshall be obliged to work more than ten hours \na day. He strongly advocated the Free Text- \nBook Bill and the bill for the establishment \n\n\n290 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nof benevolent building associations for the \nassistance of poor people in obtaining homes. \nIn the year 1885 he was the only member of \nthe Democratic party honored with a position \non the Judiciary Committee; he strongly \nsupported the Employers' Liability Bill, the \nabolition of the poll-tax as a prerequisite \nfor voting, and took an active part in other \nmatters of important legislation. At the \nDemocratic State Convention, in the fall of \nthat year, by an eloquent and masterly \nspeech he nominated Hon. F. O. Prince as \nthe candidate for governor. In 1886 Mr. \nDoherty was the nominee of his party for \nSpeaker of the House. He advocated the \nWeekly Payment Bill, which became a law. \nHe favored annual elections, the local rights \nbill, arbitration, soldiers' exemption bill, bill \nfor employment of minors and women, and \nlabor legislation. He was elected to the \nBoard of Aldermen of 1888 by the Indepen- \ndent Democrats of Charlestown, and was a \ndelegate to the National Democratic Conven- \ntion at St. Louis the same year. In 1889 he \nwas appointed a member of the Water Board \nby Mayor Hart, his present position. \n\nDWYER, WILLIAM WHITTON, lawyer, born \nin Dublin, Ireland, Nov. 19, 1840. He \ngraduated from the Dublin High School and \nTrinity College, and was admitted attorney \nto Superior Court of Law and a solicitor of \nHigh Court of Chancery in Ireland, January, \n1 86 1; practised law in Dublin for a short \nperiod; came to Boston June 15, 1872, and \nwas admitted to Suffolk bar in 1875. He \nwas appointed a justice of the Municipal \nCourt for the East Boston District, May 23, \n1879. He is Judge- Advocate of the Mont- \ngomery Light Guards, and a member of the \nIrish National League. He is Past Grand \nRuler and Representative from Massachu- \nsetts to the Supreme Assembly of the Royal \nSociety of Good Fellows; a Past Sachem and \nRepresentative to the Great Council of \nMassachusetts in the Improved Order of Red \nMen; a member of the Supreme Council \nRoyal Conclave of Knights and Ladies, Iron \nHall, Pilgrim Fathers, and Irish Charitable \n\n\nSociety. He attended the funeral of Father \nCahill, at New York, as a delegate of the \nlatter society, and has several times acted \nas a delegate to the Democratic State con- \nventions. \n* \n\nFARRELL MICHAEL F., lawyer, born in \nKilkenny, Ireland, Sept. 13, 1848. He im- \nmigrated from Ireland to New York, in \n1862, but did not settle in Boston until \nNovember, 1864. He was educated in the \npublic schools of New York City and at \nBoston College. He was admitted to the \nMiddlesex County bar, June, 1871, and to the \nUnited States Circuit Court in 1876. He \nwas a member of the School Committee of \nSomerville from 1874 to '79. He is a mem- \nber of the Irish Charitable Society. \n\nFITZGERALD, JAMES E., lawyer, born in \nBoston, April 25, -1855. **e graduated at \nthe Lyman Grammar School, studied at the \nBoston English High School, at private \nschools, and afterwards entered the Boston \nUniversity Law School. He was admitted to \nthe Suffolk County bar in 1886, and made his \nheadquarters at the law office of Swasey & \nSwasey, Boston. He has been a self-reliant \nman, and was engaged in the paper-stock \nand metal business from 1874 to 1882, the \nbusiness success which followed enabling \nhim to defray his educational expenses. His \nservices in the City Council, from the year \n1882 to 1884, as well as a member of the \nHouse of Representatives, from 1886 to 1887, \nwere of the most meritorious kind. He \nserved on many important committees in \nboth branches of the government, and nu- \nmerous improvements were made in his dis- \ntrict by his exertions. He had charge of and \nadmirably forced the passage of a bill in the \nHouse for the appropriation of two million \nfive hundred thousand dollars for the im- \nprovement of public parks and squares. The \nbill was passed through a Republican House \nand Senate. He was the organizer and is \nthe present president of the Democratic As- \nsociation of Ward 2. While in the House \nof Representatives he was appointed one of \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n291 \n\n\na committee to attend the centennial cele- \nbration of the adoption of the Constitution \nat Philadelphia, Penn. He presented the \norder to the House which made Labor day a \nlegal holiday. Senator Alpheus B. Alger \nintroduced a similar order to the Senate on \nthe same day. \n\nFLATLEY, THOMAS, lawyer, and Deputy \nCollector of the Port of Boston, was born at \nClaremorris, Ireland, in 1 85 1 . He graduated \nat a private classical school, and matricu- \nlated in Queen's College, Galway. While \nhe was at college, the insurrection, or, as it \nwas popularly known, \" the rising,\" com- \nmanded the attention of every Irishman, and \nfired the hearts of the Irish national patriots. \nMr. Flatley was but a boy, and quite an in- \nspired one, for he took an active part in \npreparing for the movement against England. \nHe mustered a battalion of patriotic young \nmen, received a commission, and draughted \na plan of campaign in his sectioji of the \ncountry. He planned a strategic movement \nwhereby his men could capture arms and \naccoutrements, which they needed badly. \nMr. Flatley was to order a number of his \nmen to engage in a sham fight in the \npublic square of the town, and while the \npolice would be busy endeavoring to restore \norder, the remainder of the battalion would \ncapture the police arsenal. Afterwards, the \npolice were to be taken prisoners, and to be \noffered the alternative of being court-mar- \ntialled or swearing allegiance to the Irish \nrepublic. The order for \" the rising \" was \ncountermanded on the eve of March 5, 1867, \nwhich was a fortunate occurrence for Ire- \nland. Flying columns of English soldiers \nwere sent through the provinces with orders \nfrom the English commander to arrest \" cen- \ntres\" and suspects. Mr. Flatley, among \nothers, fled the country. \n\nFor a while after his arrival in this country \nhe engaged in mercantile life, but his desire \nto perfect his studies impelled him to enter \nGeorgetown College, Maryland, in 1868. \nHe passed a brilliant examination there, and \nreceived his degree of Bachelor of Arts and \n\n\na diploma, after acquitting himself most cred- \nitably in the law department. He subse- \nquently became a member of the college \nfaculty. Later, he associated with his \nbrother, P. J. Flatley, Esq., in law practice. \nHe is a pronounced Democrat in politics, \nand was appointed Deputy Collector of the \nPort of Boston in 1885. Mr. Flatley was \nat one time secretary of the Irish national \norganization in America. \n\nFLYNN, EDWARD J., lawyer, born in Bos- \nton, June 1 6, 1859. He graduated from the \nEliot Grammar School, the English High \nSchool, Boston College, Class of '81, Boston \nUniversity, and Harvard Law School. He \nwas admitted to the bar in 1884, and has \nsince practised law in Boston. He repre- \nsented Ward 6 in the Legislature of i885-'86, \nand was identified with the Metropolitan \nPolice Bill, the Credibility of Witnesses' Bill, \nthe resolve to abolish the poll-tax as a pre- \nrequisite for voting, the Biennial Election \nBill, and others. In 1888 he was also a \nmember, serving on the Judiciary Committee \nand on Constitutional Amendments. He is \na member of the Democratic Ward and City \nCommittee, and one of the Board of Directors \nfor East Boston Ferries. \n\nFox, JAMES W., lawyer, born in Boston, \nAugust 15, 1849. He was educated in the \npublic schools, and studied law in the office \nof Hon. Henry W. Paine. After his admis- \nsion to the bar he began the practice of law \nin this city. He was a member of the Com- \nmon Council from Ward 13 in 1876, and of \nthe Legislature in 1877. \n\nGALVIN, JOHN E., lawyer, born in Boston, \nNovember 8, 1857. He was educated in \nthe public schools; is a graduate of the Eng- \nlish High and Latin Schools and the Har- \nvard Law School. He was admitted to the \nSuffolk bar in 1879, and is now engaged in \nthe active practice of law in this city. \n\nGALVIN, OWEN A., United States District \nAttorney, was born in Boston, of Irish par- \n\n\n292 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nents, June 21, 1852. After studying in the \nBoston public schools he entered the law \noffice of Charles F. Donnelly in 1872, where \nhe made his preparatory law studies in con- \njunction with a course of study which he re- \nceived at the Boston University Law School, \nfrom which institution he graduated with the \nClass of 1876. He was admitted to the bar \nFeb. 29, 1876, and remained in the office of \nLawyer Donnelly until 1882, where he \nacquired a varied, extensive, and practical \nexperience in the multifarious intricacies of \ncivil law and its successful application to \ncomplex cases. Mr. Galvin opened an office \nimmediately. His attainments and good \nqualities were quickly recognized and appre- \nciated, his list of clients grew to flattering \nproportions, and his lucrative practice has \nconstantly increased ever since. He was \nelected a member of the House of Repre- \nsentatives in 1 88 1, from Ward 8. He \nserved in the Senate during the years 1882, \n\n1883, and 1884. He was a candidate of the \nminority for the presidency of the Senate in \n\n1884, a vice-president of the Democratic City \nCentral Committee for two years, of which \norganization he has been a member for the \npast ten years. He has been one of the \nleading men in educational, benevolent, re- \nformatory, and political movements which \nhave passed into the history of his native city. \nHe was elected High Chief Ranger of the \nMassachusetts Catholic Order of Foresters, \ni882-'83, from Cheverus Court, No. 6. In \n1883 he was on the committee of investiga- \ntion who visited the State's penal institutions; \non their report of the subsequent year the Re- \nformatory Prison at Concord, Mass., and the \nHomoeopathic Hospital for the Insane were \nestablished. Mr. Calvin's services on other \ncommittees, while in the public service, in- \ncluded Labor, Liquor, Harbor, Public Lands, \nElection, and Education; he was on the \nlatter during four years. His appointment as \nFirst Assistant District Attorney by the Hon. \nGeorge M. Stearns, then United States Attor- \nney, placed him in a position of honor and \ntrust. Mr. Stearns resigned his office Sep- \ntember, 1887, and the attention of President \n\n\nCleveland was attracted to the jiigh qualifica- \ntions which Mr. Galvin possessed, and he \naccordingly appointed him a United States \nDistrict Attorney, September, 1887. \n\nHOYNES, EDWARD F., lawyer, born in \nBoston, February 14, 1858. He was edu- \ncated in the public schools of Boston, and \nlater attended Boston College, the Harvard \nLaw School, and Boston University Law \nSchool, graduating at the latter institution \nin 1882. He represented Ward 14 in the \nGeneral Court of 1884. He is at present \nengaged in the retail dry-goods trade in \nSouth Boston. \n\nJENKINS, EDWARD J., lawyer, born in \nLondon, England, of Irish parents, Dec. \n20, 1854. He came to Boston when but \na few weeks old; was educated in the \ngrammar schools of this city, and studied \nlaw at the Boston University Law School, \nwas graduated in 1889, and he was admitted \nto the Suffolk bar on Nov. 30, 1881, and \nto the bar of the United States Court on \nDec. 23, 1881. He was a member of the \nBoston School Committee and secretary of \nthe Democratic Central Commiltee in 1876, \nduring the famous Tilden campaign; was a \nmember of the House of Representatives in \ni877-'78-'79, during the latter year he ten- \ndered his resignation as a member; was a \nCommissioner of Insolvency for the County \nof Suffolk during the years i879-'8o-'8i-'82- \n'83-'84'-8s, and he refused to act longer. \nWhile a member of the House of Representa- \ntives he was the candidate of the Democracy \nfor the clerk of the House. During the year \n1 88 1 he was nominated by the Suffolk County \nDemocratic Convention for clerk of the Su- \nperior Civil Court. In 1 885-'86-'88, he was \nelected as a member of the Common Council, \nand during that period served as its presiding \nofficer; he was also Trustee for the Public Li- \nbrary of Boston in 1885. He was a member \nof the Massachusetts Senate in 1887. Mr. \nJenkins introduced the order for the abolition \nof the poll-tax as a prerequisite for voting; \nadvocated the passage of the bill abolishing \n\n\nEDWARD J. JENKINS. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\nthe contract system of labor. He secured the \npassage of the'law relative to the practice of \ndentistry; favored the order authorizing the \nemployment of matrons at police stations. \nHe supported the act regulating the liabilities \nof employers to make compensations for \npersonal injuries suffered by employees in \ntheir service. He introduced and voted for \nthe order to authorize the city of Boston to \noperate the East Boston ferries free of tolls. \nHe introduced and voted for orders to regu- \nlate the observance of the Lord's day, the \npurport of which was to secure such modifi- \ncations as were necessary by the present \nsocial conditions of the community. He \nvoted and advocated the making of Labor day \na legal holiday. He supported and voted for \nthe bill to establish the hours of labor of per- \nsons in the service of the Commonwealth, and \nthe several cities and towns thereof, so that \neight hours would constitute a working day. \nHe introduced and favored orders to prevent \nfraud at primary meetings and at general elec- \ntions. He advocated the creation of a Board \nof Public Works for the city of Boston, con- \nsisting of nine members, to be elected by the \nCity Council of Boston. He favored large \nappropriations for the construction of the \npublic parks of Boston. He supported the \nbill giving preference in appointments to \noffice to honorably discharged soldiers and \nsailors without civil-service examination. \nHe voted for all appropriations for charitable \ninstitutions, such as the Carney Hospital at \nSouth Boston, Soldiers' Home in Chelsea, \netc. His record in the Legislature on \nlabor measures is well known. He voted for \nlegislation relative to the better enforcement \nof the laws on labor; for the laws to secure \nuniform meal-times for children, young per- \nsons, and women employed in factories; for \nthe order to secure legislation which would \nprovide for the better ventilation and other \nsanitary improvements ; for the law limiting the \nhours of labor for minors and women in manu- \nfacturing and mechanical establishments ; \nfor the law which prohibits the employment \nof children cleaning dangerous machinery; \nfor the law directing that employees in \n\n\nmanufacturing, mechanical, and mercantile \nestablishments be allowed sufficient time to \nrote; and for the bill, that became a law, \ncausing contract labor in the penal institu- \ntions of the Commonwealth to be abolished. \nHe is a member of the Central Club, Catholic \nOrder of Foresters, Charitable Irish Society, \nand many other benevolent organizations. \nWas a member of the Montgomery Light \nGuards, being the drummer-boy of the \ncompany, and is now a member of the \nVeteran Association of that organization. \n\nKEATING, PATRICK M., lawyer, bora at \nSpringfield, Mass., March 15, 1860. He \nwas a graduate of the Houghton Grammar \nSchool in 1874, and also was graduate of the \nSpringfield High School in 1878. He came \nto Boston, entered Harvard University, and \nwas graduated in 1883. He entered the Har- \nvard Law School, and remained until 1885. \nHe acquired a more complete and practical \nknowledge of law in the law office of Thomas \nJ. Gargan, and was admitted to the Suffolk \nCounty bar in the summer of 1885. He has \nbeen associate counsel with Mr. Gargan in \nmany cases. \n\nKIERNAN, PATRICK B., lawyer, bora in \nBoston, March 2, 1852. He was educated \nin the Boston public schools, also in a pri- \nvate school taught by a Mr. Carroll, of \nProvidence, R.I., and later at Bryant & \nStratton's Commercial College. He studied \nlaw, and after his admission to the bar began \nto practise in Boston and Chelsea. He is a \nmember of the Charitable Irish Society and \nthe Chelsea Yacht Club. \n\nLEAHY, JOHN PATRICK, lawyer, bom in \nBoston, 1860. Educated in the Boston pub- \nlic schools, and later received private instruc- \ntion. He studied law at Boston University \nLaw School, and graduated with the Class \nof '84. He entered the law office of Mr. \nCharles F. Donnelly, where he acquired a \nknowledge of legal technique. Mr. Leahy \nhas been in active practice since 1884, and \nhe has an extensive clientage in the Civil, \n\n\n294 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nEquity, and Probate Courts concerning \ntrusts, wills, and conveyances of real estate. \nHe is a member of the Executive Committee \nof the Catholic Union of Boston, and is con- \nnected with the Young Men's Catholic Asso- \nciation of Boston College. He gave religious \ninstruction to the male adults at the House \nof Industry at Deer Island for over two \nyears. He has been Vice-President of the \nCatholic Young Men's National Union, and \nalso Vice-President of the Archdiocesan \nUnion of Young Men's Societies. His repu- \ntation as a lecturer and a public speaker is \ngood, and he has won praise as a writer. \nIn two successive years he carried off the \nfifty-dollar prize offered by the Catholic \nUnion of Boston for the best essay on the \nsubject selected by the Union. He has been \na contributor to the Catholic press and \nmagazines. Among the subjects of his lect- \nures are: \"The American Catholic,\" \" Some \nStrong Irish Characteristics,\" \"Napoleon,\" \n\" A Visit to the Roman Catacombs,\" \" Elo- \nquence.\" \n\nLlBBY, PHILIP J., lawyer, born in Boston, \nFeb. 22, 1861. His elementary studies were \nmade at the Boston public schools, and he \ngraduated from Holy Cross College at \nWorcester, Mass., in 1881. He studied law \nat the office of Messrs. Crowley & Maxwell, \nand graduated from the Boston University \nLaw School in 1886, having then received \nthe degree of LL.B. He was admitted to \nthe Suffolk bar in the same year. \n\nMAGEE, FRANK P., lawyer, born in Bos- \nton, Jan. 27, 1859. He attended the public \nschools of this city and the Boston Univer- \nsity Law School, from which he graduated \nin 1883. On Feb. 23, 1*83, he was admitted \na member of the Suffolk County bar, and \nwas later appointed a Justice of the Peace. \nHe represented Ward 18 as one of the mem- \nbers of the Democratic Ward and City Com- \nmittee of i884-'85-'86. He was elected a \nCommissioner of Insolvency for three years, \nfrom Jan. I, 1887, and is connected with sev- \n\n\neral societies in this vicinity, notably the \nCharitable Irish, Ancient Order of Foresters, \nRoxbury Bachelor Club, and others. \n\nMAKER, PETER S., lawyer, born in South \nBoston, Dec. 21, 1847. He attended the \npublic schools, and first entered the employ \nof J. M. Beebe & Co., dry-goods merchants, \nwith whom he remained for five years, until \nthe firm dissolved. He afterwards was en- \ngaged as clerk for two years in the banking \nbusiness for William Chadborn. He subse- \nquently studied law with Geo. F. Verry at \nWorcester, and came to Boston in 1881, and \nis at present with Hon. C. J. Noyes. \n\nMANNING, JOHN P., Clerk of Superior \nCourt, Criminal Session, in Suffolk County. \nBorn in Boston, June 17, 1851, and has always \nresided there. He was educated in the pub- \nlic schools of Boston, and graduated from \nthe Dwight Grammar School. He received \nlimited instruction at a commercial college, \nand studied at home. He entered the office \nof Supreme Court as a copyist, in 1868; \nwas appointed assistant clerk in 1873; was \nadmitted to the bar in January, 1874, on the \nmotion of the late Hon. Chas. R. Train, \nafter three years' study; was elected Clerk \nthe following November, to fill an unexpired \nterm caused by the death of Henry Homer, \nEsq. Though a Democrat, he received a plu- \nrality of two thousand four hundred votes more \nthan the opposing candidate. In two years \nafterward he received but one political nomi- \nnation, the Democratic, yet he received a plu- \nrality of eight thousand votes over his oppo- \nnent; the two last elections he received the \nnominations of all political parties. He is \nuntiring in his efforts to perform his duties \nsatisfactorily to the bench, the bar, and the \npublic, and is patient and attentive to the \nwants of all who have business with him. \nHis office and his duties are of the most \ntrying nature. \n\nHis knowledge of law is admitted by those \nacquainted with him to be excellent. He has \nbeen a member of the Young Men's Catho- \nlic Association of Boston College since its \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n295 \n\n\norganization, also the Catholic Union, \nCharitable Irish Society, and Catholic Order \nof Foresters. \n\nMcCAFFERTY, MATTHEW J., lawyer, born \nin Ireland, June 17, 1829; died, June 5, 1885. \n\nAt a very early age his parents immigrated \nto this country, and located in Boston, where \nyoung McCafferty attended the public schools. \nIn 1841 the family removed to Lowell, Mass., \nand Matthew, who was then twelve years old, \nobtained employment in one of the mills of \nthat city, where he remained four or five \nyears, and afterward learned the machinist's \ntrade. In 1852 he commenced the study of \nlaw in the office of Brown & Alger. Two \nyears later he removed to Worcester, and \nresumed work as a machinist, to obtain addi- \ntional funds. During that time he read law, \nevenings, in the office of Hon. Peter C. \nBacon, having for a fellow-student Judge \nHamilton B. Staples. He saved enough, \nduring the mean time, to pay his expenses at \ncollege ; but upon making a visit to Lowell, \nprompted by filial duty, he expended the \nmoney he had accumulated in making his \npoor mother's homestead more comfortable, \nand was subsequently compelled to borrow \nfrom Gen. B. F. Butler to pay his way through \nHoly Cross College. After a three years' \ncourse he returned to his law studies in the \noffice of Brown & Alger. In March, 1867, \nhe was admitted to the bar in the Court of \nCommon Pleas, at Lowell, and eventually \nopened an office in Worcester. At the out- \nbreak of the Civil War he took a decided \nstand, and, with characteristic Irish patriot- \nism, urged his countrymen to rally in defence \nof the Union. He served as second lieu- \ntenant of Company C, Emmet Guards, Third \nBattalion of Rifles, during its enlistment, and \nwas subsequently commissioned major of the \nTwenty- fifth Massachusetts Regiment. He \nwas a member of the Legislature of 1866, \n\"76. '77, and '79; also of the Worcester \nSchool Board; and in 1880 was a Demo- \ncratic candidate for Congress. In 1883 he \nwas appointed, by Governor Butler, an Asso- \nciate Justice of the Municipal Court at Bos- \n\n\nton, which position he occupied at the time \nof his death. \n\nMcGEOUGH, JAMES A., lawyer, born in the \nCounty Cavan, Ireland, June 15, 1854. He \nimmigrated and came to Boston in 1859. His \npreparatory studies were made at the Boston \npublic schools and at Boston College. He \nafterwards entered the Boston University \nLaw School, and was graduated, with degree \nof LL.B., in 1874. He was admitted to \nthe Suffolk County bar in the same year. \nHe has won distinction in public life by his \nmeritorious services to the people whom he \nhas creditably represented. He served in \nthe Common Council in 1878, and he was \na member of the Massachusetts House of \nRepresentatives in 1879, 1880, and 1881. \nIn the year 1883 he served in the Massa- \nchusetts Senate. While in the Legislature \nhe made a notable speech, all the more \nremarkable on account of its improvisa- \ntion. It was directed against the Agnostic \nbill, which was introduced and ably sup- \nported by CoL T. W. Higginson, in 1881. \nMr. McGeough brought about the defeat \nof the bill by a majority of thirty-three votes. \nAs a member of the State Central Com- \nmittee in 1887, a district member-at-large in \n1 888, and a delegate from the Fourth Dis- \ntrict to the St. Louis Convention, he dis- \nplayed excellent qualifications for political \nleadership. He was counsel for the steer- \nage passengers in their suit against the Allan \nLine S.S. Co. His argument on behalf of \nhis clients was forcible, positive, logical, \nwhich is characteristic of his public speaking. \nHe is a regular Democrat in politics. \n\nMcKELLEGET, R. J., lawyer, born in \nBoston, June 27, 1856. He attended the \npublic schools of this city, also the English \nHigh School, and graduated from the Har- \nvard Law School of 1878. Since his admis- \nsion to the bar he has been engaged in the \npractice of law in Boston. \n\nMCLAUGHLIN, EDWARD A., lawyer, born \nin Boston, Sept. 25, 1853. He received his \n\n\n296 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\neducation at Boston College and at Loyola \nCollege, Baltimore, from which he graduated \nin 1871 with the degree of A.B. Boston Col- \nlege also honored him with the degree of \nA.M., in 1877. For the five years between \n1871 and 1876 he was engaged as professor \nat Loyola College, Maryland, and Seton Hall \nCollege, New Jersey. Returning to Boston, \nhe studied law in the office of ex-Governor \nWilliam Gaston, and also attended the Bos- \nton University Law School, where he received \nthe degree of LL.B. He was admitted to the \nbar in 1877. He was elected by the com- \nmittee who had in charge the general statute \nrevision of 1880, to incorporate in the Public \nStatutes the amendments made by said com- \nmittee. He was highly complimented at the \ntime for his valuable work by the present \nJudge Robert R. Bishop, who was president \nof the Senate during that year, and also \nchairman of the committee. He was also \none of the two persons appointed under a \nresolve of the Legislature to superintend the \nprinting of the Public Statutes. Mr. Mc- \nLaughlin was appointed Assistant Clerk of the \nMassachusetts House of Representatives in \n1878. Subsequently, upon the accession of \nMr. Harden to the Speakership of the House, \nin 1883, he was chosen Clerk, which position \nhe has held since. He is recognized as a \ngentleman of scholarly attainments, and is a \nvery popular and efficient Clerk of the House \nof Representatives. \n\nMCLAUGHLIN, JOHN D., lawyer, born in \nBoston, Dec. 3, 1864. He received his early \neducational training in the public schools of \nthis city, and later attended Georgetown \nCollege, at which he graduated in 1883. \nIn 1886 he graduated from the Boston Uni- \nversity Law School, and was admitted to the \nSuffolk County bar of Massachusetts in the \nsame year. \n\nMOORE, M. J., lawyer, born in South Bos- \nton, May 20, 1864. He attended the Boston \npublic schools, the English High School, \ngraduated at the Boston University Law \nSchool in 1887, and was admitted to the \n\n\nbar in 1888. He extended his law studies \nin the office x>f J. F. Murphy, and is now in \npractice for himself, with an office at South \nBoston. He was appointed a Justice of the \nPeace in 1886, and is at present a member of \nthe Democratic Ward and City Committee \nfrom Ward 13. \n\nMULCHINOCK, JOHN D., law student, born \nin Boston, July 9, 1855. He is a graduate \nof the Quincy Grammar School and the \nEnglish High School. He studied three \nyears at Holy Cross College, and also at \nNicolet College, Canada, receiving a diploma \nfrom the latter. He represented Ward 12 \nin the Legislature of 1880. \n\nMULLIGAN, HENRY C., lawyer, born in \nNatick, March 6, 1854. He is a graduate \nof Natick High School and Harvard Col- \nlege, Class of '79. Mr. Mulligan, after his \nadmission to the bar, opened an office in \nBoston, where he is at present engaged in \nthe practice of the legal profession. He was \na member of the Natick School Committee \nin 1888-89; a trustee of Morse Institute and \nNatick Public Library since 1885. \n\nMURPHY, JAMES R., lawyer, born in Bos- \nton, July 29, 1853. He attended the public \nschools, Boston College, Georgetown Col- \nlege, D.C., and graduated at the latter in \n1872. In 1873 he received the degree of \nA.M. from Loyola College, Baltimore, where \nhe was engaged for a few years as a Latin \ninstructor, and also at Seton Hall, N.J. \nHe received the degree of LL.B. from \nBoston University in June, 1876, and was \nadmitted to the Suffolk County bar in the fol- \nlowing month of October. He introduced into \nMassachusetts the process of casting wrought \niron, a valuable invention of a Swede, which \nis now in successful operation in foundry- \nwork in Boston. He was one of the foun- \nders of the Young Men's Catholic Associa- \ntion, and is at present engaged in a lucra- \ntive law practice in this city. . \n\nNAPHEN, HENRY F., lawyer, born in Ire- \nland, Aug. 14, 1852, and came to this coun- \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n297 \n\n\ntry with his parents when an infant. The \nfamily settled in Lowell, Mass., in 1855, \nwhere he received his early education at \nthe public schools. After removing to Bos- \nton he continued his studies under a private \ntutor, and entered the Harvard Law School, \nfrom which he graduated in 1878. Later he \ntook a further course at Harvard University, \nas resident Bachelor of Laws, and finally \ncompleted his professional education at the \nLaw School of the Boston University. In \n1881 he was admitted to the Suffolk bar, \nand has since practised his profession in \nthis city. In 1882 he was elected a member \nof the School Committee for three years, \nand in 1883 was appointed Bail Commis- \nsioner. He represented the Fifth Suffolk \nDistrict in the Senate of iSSs-'So-'S;. \nDuring his first year in the upper branch of \nthe Legislature he served on the committees \non Probate and Chancery, Election Laws, \nDrainage, and chairman of Committee on \nEngrossed Bills. During the same year he \nopposed the bill for transferring divorce \ncases from the Supreme to the Superior \nCourt, worked against the Metropolitan \nPolice Bill, and introduced a measure em- \npowering all courts of record to grant natu- \nralization. In i886-'87 he opposed the \nintroduction of an act that \" No person \nhereafter naturalized in any court shall be \nentitled to be registered as a voter within \nthirty days of registration ; \" and his action \nwas sustained by the Supreme Court He \nadvocated the abolition of the poll-tax as a \nprerequisite for voting, was adverse to the \ndivisions of Hopedale and Beverly, and took \na leading and influential part in the legisla- \ntion concerning credibility of witnesses and \nthe use of opinion. He is a member of the \nWard 14 Democratic Committee, Charitable \nIrish Society, Catholic Union, Royal Society \nof Good Fellows, Catholic Order of Forest- \ners, and was one of the original incorpora- \ntors of Father Roche's Working Boys' \nHome. \n\nNOONAN, FRANCIS, lawyer, born in Bos- \nton, June, 1860. He is a graduate of one of \n\n\nthe Grammar schools and also the High\" \nSchool of Charlestown. He was admitted \nto the Suffolk County bar, June 8, 1884, and \nhas since that time been engaged in the \npractice of law. He was appointed a Notary \nPublic by Governor Robinson, June 23, 1886. \n\nNOONAN, JOHN A., lawyer, born in South \nBoston, August 25, 1861. He attended the \npublic schools, graduated from the Boston \nLatin School, took a course at Harvard Col- \nlege, graduated from the Boston University \nLaw School in 1886, and was admitted to \nthe Suffolk County bar the same year. He \nlater continued his legal studies in the office \nof Burbank & Bennett in this city, where he \nis at present located in active practice. \n\nO'BRIEN, JAMES W., lawyer, born in the \ncity of Charlestown, Mass, (now a part of \nBoston), May i, 1846, where he has since \nresided. Charlestown was then a part of \nMiddlesex County, and he was admitted to \nthe bar in that county in 1867. He was a \nmember of the Charlestown City Council in \nthe years 1870 and 1871, serving at the same \ntime as a member of the Board of Trustees \nof the Public Library. He practised law in \nCharlestown until its annexation to Boston in \n1874, when he removed his office to the city \nproper. On July 6, 1883, Mr. O'Brien was \nnominated by Gov. Benjamin F. Butler \nJudge of the Charlestown District Court, to \nfill a vacancy caused by the death of Judge \nG. W. Warren. In Massachusetts the ap- \npointment by the governor is non-conclusive \nunless the appointee be confirmed by the Gov- \nernor's Council. Governor Butler's Council \nconsisted of six Republicans and one Dem- \nocrat, and they refused, in Mr. O'Brien's \ncase, to confirm the Governor's appointment, \nby a party vote of six to one. The Boston \npapers condemned the partisan and unfair \naction of the Republican members of the \nCouncil in their treatment of Mr. O'Brien, \nwhose qualifications made him worthy of the \njudgeship, and their conduct in voting \nagainst his confirmation because he was a \nDemocrat was severely criticised. \n\n\n298 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nO'LOUGHLIN, P., lawyer, born in En- \nnistymore, County Clare, Ireland, July 16, \n1849. He came to Boston, June 5, 1864, \nand was educated in the public schools of \nthis city. He worked in the furniture busi- \nness several years, and obtained money \nenough to take a three years' course at the \nBoston University Law School, winning the \ndegree of LL.D. in 1878, and was admitted \nto the Suffolk County bar in 1879. He was \nSuperintendent of St. Joseph's Sunday-school \nat the West End for several years, Chief \nRanger of St. Joseph's Court of Catholic \nForesters, and President of the Charlestown \nCatholic Lyceum Association. \n\nPLUNKETT, CHRISTOPHER G., lawyer, born \nin Boston, Aug. 29, 1859. After the return \nof his father, Capt. Chris. Plunkett, from the \nwar, his family removed to Medford, Mass. \nYoung Plunkett was educated in the public \nschools of Medford, from which he gradu- \nated in 1877. After graduating from the \npublic schools of Medford he entered the \nBoston University Law School, from which \nhe graduated in 1 880, in the meanwhile \nstudying in the office of Hon. John F. Colby. \nAfter completing his course in the Law \nSchool, and passing a highly satisfactory ex- \namination for the Suffolk County bar on \nJune 15, 1 88 1, he was admitted to the Mas- \nsachusetts bar, upon motion of Hon. Nathan \nMorse. Since then he has been practising \nlaw in Boston. Mr. Plunkett has been elected \nby his towns-people in Medford to the office of \nauditor of the town, being the first descend- \nant of an Irish-American ever elected to any \noffice in the town of Medford. He has been \ntwice nominated by the Democratic party as \nits candidate for Senator in the First Middle- \nsex District of Massachusetts, and is one of \nthe leaders of the young Democracy of the \nState. On August 29, 1888, he was the \norator of the day at the grand reunion of the \nMassachusetts Ninth Regiment, held at Oak \nIsland, near Boston. \n\nREYNOLDS, JOHN P., lawyer, born in \nCharlestown, Mass., May 30, 1859. The \n\n\npublic schools and Boston College founded \nhis education, and he afterwards learned the \nharness-maker's trade, at which he worked \nfor nine years, and at the same time read \nlaw. He entered the Boston University Law \nSchool, where he was graduated with the \nClass of 1886, and he was admitted to the Suf- \nfolk bar in the same year. In 1883 and 1884 \nhe was secretary of the Ward 5 committee of \nthe Democratic Ward and City Committee. \nIn 1884-85 he took the school and prison \ncensus. He was the assistant registrar of \nvoters for the Charlestown District in 1 884~'85, \nand served in the Legislature in l886-'87. \nWhile in the House he served on the \ncommittees on Probate, Insolvency, and \nPrisons. He is President of St. Mary's \nMutual Relief Society, and a member of the \nNinth Regiment, M.V.M. \n\nRILEY, THOMAS, lawyer, born in the County \nCavan, Ireland, Dec. 4, 1849, and was brought \nfrom Ireland to Boston during his infancy. \nHe was educated at the public schools, and \ngraduated at the Harvard Law School in \n1870, and received the degree of LL.B. \nHe studied law in the office of Gen. Benjamin \nF. Butler, and has been in active practice \nfor eighteen years. He is a good pleader, a \nforcible speaker, and is noted for his tenacity \nto the interests of his clients. He early be- \ncame interested in politics, and organized the \nYoung Men's Democratic Club in 1871, was \na delegate to the Baltimore Convention which \nnominated Horace Greeley in 1872, can- \nvassed Massachusetts and part of New York \nState for Samuel J. Tilden in 1876. In \ni879-'8o and '82 he was prominent in the \nButler campaigns. \n\nSHEA, DANIEL J., lawyer, born in Boston, \nMarch 31, 1857; died, Sept. 3, 1888. Hewas \na graduate of the Brimmer School in 1870, \nEnglish High School of 1873, Boston Latin \nSchool, 1876 (being the first Catholic boy to \nwin first prize for declamations), and studied \ntwo years at the Harvard Law School. He \nwas admitted to the bar, practised law in \nBoston, and he was a Bail Commissioner. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n299 \n\n\nSHEA, JOHN F., lawyer, born in Boston, \nJune 2, 1859. He was educated in the pub- \nlic schools of this city, and after a course of \nstudy in the law he was admitted to the Suf- \nfolk County bar, where he is al present a well- \nknown practitioner. Mr. Shea is a Democrat \nin politics, and was a member of the Legisla- \nture of 1886, where he distinguished himself \nas member of the Committee on Claims. \nDuring 1887 and 1888 he represented the \neighth district in the State Senate. \n\nSHEA, R. W., lawyer, born in Halifax, N.S., \nMarch 14, 1851. While an infant he, with his \nparents, removed to Boston, where he obtained \nhis early education in the public schools. He \ngraduated from the Boston University Law \nSchool in 1877, anc^ was admitted to the Nor- \nfolk County bar in 1880. He was also \nadmitted to the Chicago bar. He is now \nengaged in the practice of law in this city, \nand is a member of the Charitable Irish \nSociety. \n\nSTRANGE, THOMAS F., lawyer, born in \nManchester, N.H., Dec. 24, 1859. His father \nwas one of the organizers of the first Catholic \nchurch in the place of his birth. He came to \nBoston while very young, and was educated \nin the public schools of this city; graduated \nfrom the Boston University Law School in \n1882, receiving the degree of LL.B., and \nwas admitted to the Suffolk County bar the \nsame year. He has been a member of the \nDemocratic Ward and City Committee for \neight years, and in 1883 was appointed to fill \na vacancy as a Commissioner of Insolvency. \nHe was later elected to the office for three \nyears. \n\nSULLIVAN, CORNELIUS P., lawyer, born in \nBoston, April 22, 1861. He is a graduate \nof the Quincy Grammar School, the English \nHigh School of 1876, Latin School, 1882, and \nthe Harvard Law School, 1885. He was ad- \nmitted to the bar in the latter year, and has \nsince been engaged in legal practice. \n\nSULLIVAN, RICHARD, lawyer, born in Dur- \nham, Conn., Feb. 24, 1856. In infancy he \n\n\nwas brought to Boston. He graduated at \nthe Comins Grammar School, Boston College, \nBoston University Law School in 1882, re- \nceiving the degree of LL.B., and was ad- \nmitted to the Suffolk County bar in 1883. \nHe was a member of the Harvard Law \nSchool. In 1881-82 he studied in the office \nof C. T. and T. H. Russell & Co. He was a \nmember of the Common Council of i887~'88- \n'89, serving on the committees on Claims, \nJudiciary, etc., and is one of the Executive \nCommittee of the Young Men's Democratic \nClub of Massachusetts. \n\nSULLIVAN, WILLIAM, lawyer, born in \nCounty Cork, Ireland, June 9, 1854. In \nthe spring of 1866 he immigrated to this \ncountry, locating at Salem, Mass. He at- \ntended the public schools, graduated at \nthe Salem High School in 1874, Harvard \nLaw School in 1881, and was admitted to \nthe Suffolk County bar, June 22, 1882. \nDuring the year between his graduation \nfrom the law school and admission to the \nbar he studied in the office of Hon. E. R. \nHoar, where he has continued to practise \never since. \n\nSWEENEY, JAMES F., lawyer, born in May- \nnard, Mass., Sept. 19, 1863. The basis of \nhis education was laid at the town school \nand the Maynard High School; he gradu- \nated at the latter, and studied at Boston Col- \nlege for some time. He entered the law \noffice of Mr. John F. Cronan, and attended \nthe Boston University Law School. He was \nadmitted to the Suffolk bar on Jan. 17, 1888. \nHe was chairman of the Maynard School \nCommittee for three years, ending in March, \n1888, and he was local editor of \"The En- \nterprise,\" a Maynard newspaper. \n\nTAFF, JOHN H., lawyer, born in Boston, \nAug. 20, 1859. He attended the public \nschools of this city, and graduated at the \nBoston Latin School in 1875, and Harvard \nCollege in 1879. He afterward studied law \nat the Harvard Law School; he graduated, \nand was admitted to the Suffolk County bar \n\n\n300 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON, \n\n\nin 1883. He supplemented his legal studies \nin the law office of Charles F. Donnelly, and \nis now engaged in active legal practice in \nBoston. \n\nWALSH, JAMES L., lawyer, born in East \nBoston, March 28, 1843. He graduated at \nthe Lyman Grammar school, at Holy Cross \nCollege, 1 866, and at the Harvard Law School. \nHe represented Ward 2 in the Legislature \nof 1877-78, serving on the Joint Standing \nCommittee on Harbors and the Judiciary \nCommittee. Upon the establishment of the \nEast Boston District Court he was appointed \na special justice. \n\nWARD, JOHN P. J., lawyer, born at the \nNorth End, Boston, Aug. 5, 1857. He at- \ntended the old Mayhew School and the Bos- \nton High School. He studied law at the \nBoston University Law School, and received \nthe degree of LL.B. in 1877. He was ad- \nmitted to the bar in May, 1 878, and opened \na law office shortly afterwards. He repre- \nsented Ward 7 in the Common Council for \n\n\none year after his admission to the bar, but \nabandoned political life to give more atten- \ntion to the law. \n\nWHALL, WILLIAM B. F., lawyer, born in \nBoston, March 10, 1856. His early educa- \ntion was received at St. Mary's Parochial \nSchool. After graduation, he attended Bos- \nton College, where he received a number of \nmeritorious prizes. In 1874 he received the \ndegree of A.B., and in 1876 the degree of \nA.M., from Holy Cross College. He was \nthe recipient of the degree of LL.B. from \nMaryland University Law School in 1876, \nand was admitted to the Maryland bar July \nof the same year. He was honored with \nthe degree of LL.B. from the Boston Uni- \nversity Law School in 1877, and was ad- \nmitted to the Suffolk County bar of Massa- \nchusetts in November, 1877. He was a \nmember of the Common Council, represent- \ning Ward 7, during 1886 and 1887. He was \nelected as a Commissioner of Insolvency in \nthe fall of 1886, to hold office for three years, \nfrom 1887 to 1890. \n\n\nNames of lawyers whose biographical sketches were not written, owing to no fault of \n\n\nAMORY, THOMAS C. \nANDREWS, AUGUSTUS. \nBARRY, THOMAS E. \nBURKE, FRANCIS. \nCAHILL, JOHN. \nCASEY, P. J. \nCAVANAGH, L. J. \nCOAKLEY, T. W. \nCOFFEY, JOHN A. \nCOLLINS, EDWARD F. \nCONNOLLY, WILLIAM T. \nCOONEY, JAMES, JR. \nCURLY, THOMAS. \nDALY, AUG. J. \nDILLON, J. T. \nDOHERTY, WILLIAM W. \nDOLAN, MATTHEW. \nDONAHOE, C. H. \nDONNELLY, CHARLES F. \nDRURY, WILLIAM H. \n\n\nDUFF, WILLIAM F. \nDWYER, RICHARD J. \nFAGIN, JAMES K. \nFALLON, JOSEPH D. \nFARLEY, JAMES F. \nFEELY, JOSEPH J. \nFLATLEY, P. J. \nGALLAGHER, CHARLES T. \nHARRINGTON, D. A. \nHARRINGTON, W. H. \nHEBRON, JOHN B. \nKENNEDY, JOHN C. \nMAGUIRE, THOMAS F. \nMCDONALD, J. W. \nMORAN, JOHN B. \nMULVEY, P. E. \nSULLIVAN, EDWARD. \nSULLIVAN, J. B. \nSULLIVAN, J. J. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES \n\n\nBOSTON PHYSICIANS. \n\n\nSKETCHES OF BOSTON PHYSICIANS. \n\n\nBURKE, JOHN, physician, born in Ireland. \nHe was educated at Holy Cross College, \nWorcester, and the Harvard Medical School, \nof both of which he was a graduate. He \nresided in Natick, Mass., for a time, and was \na member of the School Board of that town \nfor one year. He subsequently removed to \nBoston, and located at the North End, where \nhe is now engaged in the practice of medicine. \n\nCALLANAN, SAMSON A., physician, born at \nPort Jervis, N.Y., Nov. 7, 1862. He re- \nmoved to Boston in 1872, and subsequently \ngraduated from the Dwight School, Boston \nCollege (A.B. 1882), (A.M. 1883), and the \nHarvard Medical School. He is a member \nof Massachusetts Medical Society, Boston \nCollege Alumni Association, Young Men's \nCatholic Association of Boston College, and \nis the medical examiner of Cathedral, St. \nJames, Holy Trinity, St. Peters, and Ameri- \ncan courts of Catholic Order of Foresters; \nalso of the Knights of St. Rose, Royal Society \nof Good Fellows, and the International Be- \nnevolent and Fraternal Co. \n\nDALY, BERNARD T., physician, born in \nLawrence, Mass., Sept. 13, 1857. He at- \ntended St. Mary's and Oliver Grammar \nSchools of that place, College of St. Thomas \nof Villanova, Penn., and the Medical School \nof New York University. He removed to \nBoston Oct. 6, 1883. He is a member of the \nMassachusetts Catholic Order of Foresters, \nA.O.H. Div. No. i, A. L. of H. Charitable \nIrish Society, M.U.B.A., and A.O.F. \n\n\nDEVINE, WILLIAM H., physician, born in \nBoston, June 21, 1860. He attended the \n\n\npublic schools, graduated at the English High \nSchool and the Harvard Medical School, re- \nceiving the degree of M.D. He has been for \nsome time a practising physician in South \nBoston; he is a member of the Catholic Order \nof Foresters and the Legion of Honor. \n\nDORCEY, JAMES E., physician, born in \nBoston, Oct. 21, 1857. He attended the \npublic schools, graduated at the Boston Latin \nSchool and the Harvard Medical School in \n1880, receiving the degree of M.D., and has \npractised in this city ever since. He is a \nmember of the Catholic Order of Foresters \nand of the Royal Arcanum. \n\nDUNN, WILLIAM A., physician, born in \nBoston, Sept. 6, 1852. His people settled \nin this State more than half a century ago. \nHis paternal grandmother was an old resident \nof Lawrence, Mass., and was buried there in \n1845. His mother, nee Julia Kearny, was \nrelated to the family of Gen. Phil. Kearny. \nDr. Dunn graduated as a Franklin Medal \nscholar from the Eliot School at the age of \nthirteen years. He possessed a rich and \nbeautiful contralto voice, and was the soloist \nof his school. He sang in a choir of adults \nwhen but eleven years of age, and was very \nfrequently heard in concerts, and became \nknown as \" the boy contralto.\" The position \nof soloist in the choir of the Church of the \nAdvent was tendered him, which he did not \naccept. He passed a successful examination \nfor admission to the English High School; \nthence he went to Boston College, from \nwhich he graduated, having received in his \nlast year all possible honors from that insti- \ntution. These comprised three silver medals \n\n\n(303) \n\n\n304 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nand the gold prize for dramatic reading. He \nreceived the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and \nafterwards the honorary degree of Master \nof Arts, and then proceeded to Harvard \nUniversity, to pursue a course of medical \nstudies. He was graduated with such distin- \nguished honor that he received the prize of \nsurgical house doctor at the Massachusetts \nGeneral Hospital, where he resided for six- \nteen months. \n\nHis experience while at Harvard, as \nassistant to the professor of medical chemis- \ntry, served him in a great measure at the \nhospital. He was the assistant of Dr. Henry \nI. Bowditch, with whom he was associated in \nthe compilation of his work on consumption. \nHe was asked by Mr. Terry, a wealthy \nSoutherner, to act as his medical companion \nduring a three years' sojourn in Europe; \nalthough that gentleman made him a tempt- \ning proposal, the young physician decided to \nremain in Boston. He became assistant to \nDr. John G. Blake, with whom he remained \none year, and then began to establish himself \nin practice, and opened an office on Cham- \nbers street, where he has remained ever since, \nand has become the possessor of wealth. \nHis extensive practice requires an assistant's \nservices, and is still growing. In 1876 Dr. \nDunn was the Professor of Chemistry at \nBoston College, later he taught physiology \nthere. About the same. year he was made \nassistant surgeon in the battery of the Second \nBrigade, M.V.M.; the first battalion of cav- \nalry, in the same brigade, claimed him as \nits assistant surgeon in the following year, and \nafterwards he became the surgeon, which \nposition he held until 1881, when his other \nmedical duties compelled him to resign. In \n1878 he went to Europe, and there pursued \nhis medical investigations and studies with \nhis friend, Mr. George Crompton, of Worces- \nter, Mass., the famous inventor. \n\nIn 1882 he was appointed assistant surgeon, \nto the Carney Hospital, and in 1884 he was \none of the visiting surgeons, which position \nhe now holds, and while serving in that ca- \npacity he has performed many difficult surgi- \ncal operations. He was elected to the School \n\n\nCommittee in 1886, receiving the nominat56n \nof both political parties. In 1887 Governor \nAmes appointed him, together with Hon. \nJohn F. Andrew, one of the trustees of the \nInstitution for the Feeble-minded, for three \nyears. He is trustee of the Union Institu- \ntion for Savings. In 1887-88 the Alumni \nAssociation of Boston College elected him its \npresident. He is a life member of the Young \nMen's Catholic Association, a member of the \nCharitable Irish Society, the Eliot School \nAssociation, the Clover Club, the Puritan \nClub, and the Boston Athletic Club. He is \nmedical examiner for several courts of For- \nesters. Dr. Dunn has written much. In \n1882 he published a pamphlet on the Thera- \npeutics of Vivisection, which he read before \nthe Massachusetts Medical Society; also a \npaper on the \"Use and Abuse of Ergot.\" \nSeveral of his cases have been printed in \nthe medical journals. He is a member of \nmany societies, such as the American Medi- \ncal Association, the Boston Society for Medi- \ncal Observation, the Boston Medical Benevo- \nlent Association, and the Bostonian Society. \n\nGALLIGAN, E. T., physician, born in Taun- \nton, Mass., June 26, 1858. He graduated \nfrom the Taunton High School, St. Charles \nCollege, and the Harvard Medical School. \nHe is an attending physician at St. Eliza- \nbeth's Hospital, and also at the House of \nthe Angel Guardian. He is a member of \nthe Mass. Med. Society, Norfolk Dist. Medi- \ncal Society, Mass. Catholic Order of Forest- \ners, Clover Club, and he is considered one of \nthe leading young medical practitioners of \nthe city. \n\nGRAINGER, WILLIAM H., physician, born \nin Mallow, County Cork, Ireland, Nov. 7, \n1845. **e emigrated from his native place, \nNov. 7, 1864. In the year 1870 he located \nin Boston. His early education was received \nat Rev. Mr. Martindale's private school \nat Mallow, afterwards he went to a private \ntutor in Dublin and the Bandon Institute. \nHe is a graduate of the Medical School of \nthe University of New York, and has been \n\n\nWILLIAM DUNN. M.D. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n305 \n\n\nin active practice at East Boston for a num- \nber of years. He has been a trustee of the \nEast Boston Savings Bank since 1881, and a \nmember of the School Committee since Jan- \nuary, 1887. He is also a member of the \nMassachusetts Medical Society, Boston Gynae- \ncological Society, American Medical Asso- \nciation, Charitable Irish Society, Catholic \nUnion, Clover Club, and Wendell Phillips \nBranch of the Land League. \n\nKENNEALY, JOHN H., physician, born in \nBoston, Dec. 22, 1849. He attended the \nEliot, Latin, and Chauncy Hall Schools, \nHarvard University, and also the medical \nschool of that institution. He was surgeon \nin the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia in \ni876-*77-'78, has been in active practice in \nthe Roxbury district for several years, and \nwas a candidate for the School Committee \non two different occasions. He is a mem- \nber of the Massachusetts Medical Society, \nAmerican Legion of Honor, Royal Society \nof Good Fellows, Catholic Order of For- \nesters, and the Societe de la Prcvoyance. \n\nLANE, JOHN G., physician and surgeon, \nborn in Philadelphia, Penn., in 1854. He was \neducated, however, in the National School, \nDonoughmore, County Cork, Ireland; Ter- \nrence Golden's Latin School; Clongowes \nWood College, County Kildare; Trinity Col- \nlege, Dublin; and received the degrees of \nA.B., M.B., Bch. L.M., L.S., T.C.D., and \nLie. Mid., Combe Lying-in Hospital of Dub- \nlin. He arrived in Boston, July 22, 1876, and \nhas since been actively engaged in the prac- \ntice of his profession, being located in the \npeninsular district. He is a member of the \nMontgomery Light Guard Veteran Associa- \ntion, Irish-American Club of South Boston, \nIrish Charitable Society, Bachelors' Club of \nSouth Boston, and the National Irish Athletic \nAssociation. \n\nLAWLER, THOMAS J., physician, born in \nBoston, Dec. I, 1859. He attended the \nEast-street Primary School, graduated from \nthe Quincy Grammar, English High, and \n\n\nHarvard Medical Schools, receiving the de- \ngree of M.D. from the latter. He has been \nengaged in active practice at the West End \nfor several years. He is a member of the \nMassachusetts Medical Society, and he is also \nconnected with many fraternal organiza- \ntions. \n\nMACDONALD, WILLIAM G., physician and \nMedical Inspector of the Board of Health, \nborn in Boston, March 12, 1858. He attend- \ned the public schools and Boston College. \nGraduated from the latter institution and re- \nceived the degree of A.B. He entered the \nmedical school of Harvard University and \ngraduated with the Class of 1884, and re- \nceived a medal for proficiency in the nat- \nural sciences. He is the treasurer of the \nBoston College Alumni Association. He has \nbeen the lecturer of the Massachusetts Emer- \ngency and Hygiene Association during three \nyears, ending in June, 1888, in which posi- \ntion he did much useful work. \n\nMARA, FRANK T., physician, born in Bos- \nton, Dec. 21, 1863. He received his early \neducation in the public schools, and subse- \nquently attended Holy Cross College, from \nwhich institution he received the degree of \nA.B., in 1883. He then took a regular course \nat the medical school of Harvard University, \nwhere he obtained the degree of M.D., hi \n1887. \n\nMcDEVnr, JAMES J., physician and sur- \ngeon, born in East Boston, July 17, 1860. \nHe was a graduate of the Adams and Eng- \nlish High Schools, attended Boston College, \nand was also a graduate of the medical \nschool of the University of New York. He \nis now physician for the Overseers of the \nPoor; a member of the Massachusetts Catho- \nlic Order of Foresters, Fitton Literary In- \nstitute, Ancient Order of Foresters, and the \nRoyal Society of Good Fellows. \n\nMCLAUGHLIN, HENRY V., physician and \nsurgeon, born in Duncannon, County Wex- \nford, Ireland, Feb. 9, 1855. He immi- \n\n\n306 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\ngrated Feb. 12, 1885, arrived in Boston \nFeb. 25, 1885. He was educated in the \nCollegiate Seminary of Waterford ; Ledwick \nSchool of Medicine and Surgery, Dublin; \nRoyal College of Surgeons, Dublin, and \nthe Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh, \nScotland, and is a graduate from the two \nlatter institutions. He has been an attend- \nant physician to St. John's Ecclesiastical \nSeminary, Brighton, since Nov., 1886; is \nmedical examiner of the Brighton Assembly \nof Royal Society of Good Fellows, and a \nmember of a local branch of the Irish Land \nLeague Association. \n\nMcNALLY, WM. J., physician and sur- \ngeon, born in Charlestown, Oct. 8, 1863. \nHe was a graduate of the public schools and \nthe Harvard Medical School, and he is now \nengaged in practice. He is a member of the \nstaff of the Charlestown Free Dispensary and \nof the Middlesex (So. District) Medical So- \nciety, also of St. Mary's Young Men's Tem- \nperance Society. \n\nMORAN, JOHN B., physician, born in St. \nJohn, N.B., Aug. 3, 1838. He came to \nBoston in 1841, and afterwards attended the \npublic schools. He entered the Harvard \nMedical School in 1861. During the sum- \nmer of 1862 he was engaged by the sanitary \ncommission as assistant surgeon in the \" pen- \ninsular campaign.\" He graduated as doctor \nof medicine in 1864, and for two years fol- \nlowing attended the hospitals of Vienna, \nPrague, Berlin, and Paris. Certain induce- \nments, however, allured him into mercantile \npursuits in 1866, which he followed for five \nyears, until he resumed the practice of medi- \ncine, in 1871. He was elected a member of \nthe Boston School Committee in 1876, and \nserved nine consecutive years. Upon the \ncreation of the office of Instructor of Hygiene \nin the public schools, in 1 885, he was chosen \nto the position, which he at present retains. \nHe was elected President of the Irish Chari- \ntable Society in 1886, and presided at the \nmemorable celebration of the I5oth anni- \nversary of that organization. \n\n\nMORAN, MARTIN W., physician, born in \nClinton, Mass., Oct. 29, 1854. He attended \nthe Clinton public schools, and graduated \nfrom the New York College and Bellevue \nHospital in 1876. He was engaged after \ngraduation as an inspector in New York, \nsevering his connection with that position in \nOctober, 1887, and is now a practitioner in \nBoston. He is a member of the Catholic \nOrder of Foresters. \n\nMORRIS, JOHN G., physician, born in Bos- \nton, March 26, 1856. He is a graduate of the \nBoston Latin School, Harvard University, \nand also of the Harvard Medical School. He \nhas practised for several years; served at the \nMass. General Hospital, and he is at present \nvisiting physician to St. Elizabeth's Hospital \nof this city. \n\nMURPHY, FRANCIS C., physician, born in \nTaun ton, Mass., Dec. 23,1864. He attend- \ned St Mary's College, Montreal, Canada, \nthe Harvard Medical School (graduate), and \nthe City Hospital of Boston, having served \ntwo years at the latter institution as house \nphysician. He is at present engaged in \ngeneral practice at the South End of the \ncity. \n\nREILLY, JAMES A., dentist, born in Eng- \nland, Dec. 25, 1854. He immigrated to the \nUnited States in 1860, settling first in Lowell, \nMass. He graduated at the public school. \nHaving a decided inclination for music, he \nmade it a study for several years, and for a \ntime attended the New England Conservatory \nof Music, but finally abandoned it as a profes- \nsion. He then entered Boston College, where \nhe received a three years' course. In 1878 \nhe became a student at the Harvard Dental \nSchool, and graduated in 1 88 1. He immedi- \nately commenced the practice of dentistry, \nand for about three years was located at the \nWest End, during which time he also con- \nducted the music at St. Joseph's Catholic \nChurch. In 1 884 he opened an office. Since \n1886 he has been musical director at the \nChurch of the Immaculate Conception, Mai- \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n307 \n\n\nden, Mass. He is a member of the Catholic \nUnion, Charitable Irish Society, Clover Club, \nHarvard Odontological Society, Massachu- \nsetts Medical Society, the \" Cecilia,\" and the \nYoung Men's Catholic Association of Boston \nCollege. \n\nROCHE, D. F., physician, born in Cam- \nbridge, Mass., March I, 1846. He attended \nthe public schools of Cambridge, St. Charles \nCollege, Baltimore, St. Hyacinthe College, \nCanada, Troy Seminary, Boston Univer- \nsity, and University of New York, grad- \nuating at the Medical School of the latter \ninstitution in 1883. He practised one year \nin the Bellevue Hospital, and afterwards re- \nmoved to Boston, where he has been located \nsince. He is a member of the Mass. Eclectic \nMedical Society, Suffolk District Medical \n\n\nSociety, and the National Eclectic Medical \nAssociation. \n\nSHEA, THOMAS B., physician, born in Bos- \nton, March 9, 1862. He graduated at the \nBrimmer School, Holy Cross College, and \nHarvard Medical School, receiving the degree \nof M.D. from the latter. On Aug. I, 1887, \nhe was appointed assistant resident phy- \nsician of Long and Rainsford islands, but \nresigned May I, 1888, to accept his present \nposition as Assistant Port Physician. \n\nYOUNG, JOHN F., physician, born in Bos- \nton, May 20, 1859. He attended the pub- \nlic and Latin schools, and graduated from the \nHarvard Medical School in 1881. He is \nnow engaged in practice at South Boston, \nand has been a Director of the City Hospital \nsince 1886. \n\n\nIn order that the names of other physicians may be known whose sketches do not \nappear, through no fault of ours, we append this list : — \n\n\nBLAKE, JOHN G. \nBOLAND, E. S. \nBRODERICK, T. J. \nBROIDRICK, JAMES P. \nBUCKLEY, P. F. \nBUTLER, N. H. \nCAMPBELL, B. F. \n\nCOCHRANE, J. M. \n\nCOLLINS, D. A. \nDOHERTY, HUGH. \nDUNN, C. S. \nFERGUSON, HUGH. \nFERRY, JAMES F. \nFINN, JAMES A. \nFITZGERALD, ORRIN, JR. \nFOLEY, WALTER. \nGALVIN, GEORGE W. \nGAVIN, GEORGE F. \nGAVIN, M. F. \nGAVIN, P. F. \n\n\nGILLISPIE, JOHN. \nOILMAN, E. A. \nHARKINS, DANIEL S. \nHIGGINS, HENRY R. \nKINNEY, JOHN E. \nLYONS, W. J. \nMCCARTY, GEORGE E. \nMCGLYNN, EDWARD. \nMcGowAN, DENNIS J. \n\nMclNTYRE, DAVID. \n\nMCLAUGHLIN, JAMES A. \nMCLAUGHLIN, JOSEPH I. \nMURPHY, JOSEPH P. \nMURRAY, I. H. \nO'DdNNELL, WILLIAM. \n\nO'KEEFE, M. W. \n\nWALSH, M. J. \nWALSH, PETER D. \nWHITE, ROBERT. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES \n\n\nor \n\n\nBOSTON JOURNALISTS \n\n\nJAMES JEFFREY ROCHE. \n\n\nSKETCHES OF BOSTON JOURNALISTS. \n\n\nBARRY, EDWARD P., journalist, born in \nSouth Boston, Nov. 28, 1864. He attended \nthe public schools, and also received private \ninstruction for the priesthood, but subse- \nquently abandoned his studies in this direc- \ntion. He was engaged in mercantile posi- \ntions for a time afte/ leaving school, but at \nthe age of nineteen he entered the journal- \nistic field and became editor and part owner \nof the \"South Boston News.\" He later \nbecame attached to the staff of the Boston \n\" Daily Advertiser \" and \" Evening Record,\" \nas an assistant in the sporting department. \nIn January, 1887, he acted as carnival corre- \nspondent for the Boston \" Herald,\" at Mon- \ntreal, Can., and Burlington, Vt. A few \nmonths afterward he was appointed assistant \nsporting editor of that paper, which position \nhe held until quite recently. He is at pres- \nent a medical student, but is also engaged as \na special writer on the \" Herald \" staff, and \nan editor of one of the weekly papers in the \npeninsular district. He also represents Ward \n15 in the Common Council of 1889. \n\nBUCKLEY, EUGENE, journalist, born in \nFlorida, Mass., Oct. 12, 1856. In 1868 he \nremoved to Boston, where he has resided \never since. He was educated in the pub- \nlic schools, and supplemented his education \nby private study. He learned cabinet-mak- \ning, serving an apprenticeship with Dee \nBros. Afterward he was employed by the \nFitchburg Railroad in the capacity of fore- \nman of the car department, remaining there \nabout six years. He has always had an am- \nbition for newspaper work, as his regular \ntrade was not congenial to him. In March, \n1887, he was engaged by the Boston \n\n\n\" Globe \" as a general writer, with sporting \nnews as a specialty. In a short time after his \nengagement on the paper he was recognized \nas a valuable man on general sports, and \nhis progress as a chronicler in the sporting \nfield has been decidedly satisfactory. He was \ntherefore duly appointed aquatic editor and \nsociety reporter of the \" Globe,\" — positions \nwhich he now occupies. During the season \nof 1888 he published the \" Base-Ball Rec- \nord.\" \n\nBURNS, EDWARD F., journalist, born in \nNatick, Mass., April 22, 1859. He graduated \nfrom the Natick High jchool in 1876, and \nfrom Boston College w ch honor as poet of \nhis class in 1880. He ,tudied medicine two \nyears, but changed his intention and joined \nthe Boston \" Globe \" staff as reporter in 1884. \nDuring his engagement with that paper he \nhas been reporter, assistant to day and night \neditors, and also night city editor. He be- \ncame editor and manager of the Salem \n\" Times \" in 1 887, for a short period, but \nreturned to the \" Globe\" the latter part of \nthe same year. He is at present performing \nthe duties of reporter. He was the first \nhistorian of the Boston College Alumni As- \nsociation, and is now a member of the \nExecutive Committee of the Class of '80. \nHe is a member of the Entertainment Com- \nmittee of the Boston Press Club, and also a \nmember of the Hendricks Club. He was the \nfirst reporter to get a copy of the first volume \nof \"Elaine's Twenty Years of Congress,\" \nreceiving the same simultaneously with the \nauthor, allowing the \" Globe \" to get an •' ex- \nclusive \" on other papers. He recently made \nan excellent record in reporting the Stain- \n\n\n(311) \n\n\n312 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nCromwell trial at Bangor for his paper. He \nis a gentleman of acknowledged literary \nability, an author of many taking verses, \nnotably those published at the time of the \nyachting contests of 1887. When quite \nyoung he was a successful contributor to the \n\"Youth's Companion,\" under the nom de \nplume of \"Raleigh.\" \n\nCARMODY, JOHN D., journalist, born in \nSouth Boston, Aug. 24, 1864. He graduated \nfrom the Lawrence Grammar School in \n1878, and attended the English High School \nfor two years. He was first employed in the \ncounting-room of the \" Daily Advertiser; \" \nafterward as shipping clerk in a sugar refin- \nery; but in January, 1885, he became \nattached to the reportorial staff of the \" Daily \nAdvertiser \" and \" Evening Record,\" and for \na few years was the South Boston representa- \ntive of those papers. He was subsequently \ntransferred to a place on the city staff, which \nhe held until April, 1888, when he accepted \na position on the staff of the Boston \" Her- \nald,\" where he is now employed. He was \nfor five years a member of the dramatic class \nof SS. Peter and Paul's Church, and has \nmade a local reputation in amateur theatri- \ncals. He is a member of a number of social \norganizations in the South Boston district. \n\nCUMMINGS, THOMAS H., business manager, \nBoston \" Pilot,\" born in Boston, June 1 5, \n1856. He graduated from the Mayhew \nSchool in 1870, attended the Latin School, \nand later SL Charles College, where he com- \npleted the regular course in 1876. He de- \nlivered the address of welcome to the presid- \ning officers at the commencement exercises \nof the latter institution, in the presence of \nBishop Becker, of Delaware, and Gov. John \nLee Carroll, of Maryland. He subsequently \nresided in Paris for two years, and studied \nphilosophy at Issy under the Sulpicians. In \n1878 he returned to Boston, and became \nattached to the lower branch of the Public \nLibrary as curator, where he remained until \n1885, when he entered the office of the \nBoston \"Pilot.\" He is a member of the \n\n\nFirst Corps of Cadets, Webster Historical \nSociety, Megantic Fish and Game Club, \nYoung Men's Catholic Association, and a \nDirector of the Working Boys' Home. \n\nCURRAN, MICHAEL P., journalist. Mr. \nCurran's active journalistic career began in \n1873, although he had been a frequent con-\" \ntributor to several papers in New York and \nBoston earlier than that time. He wrote \nvacation letters for the Boston \" Pilot,\" and \nsupplied editorial matter on current topics. \nAfter three years' experience in a large \nwholesale dry-goods establishment in Boston, \nhe joined the staff of the Boston \" Globe.\" \nMr. M. M. Ballou had just retired from the \nmanagement of that journal and had been \nsucceeded by Mr. Clarence S. Wason. Mr. \nCurran began as a suburban reporter. His \ndistrict included Lynn and Salem. In Oc- \ntober, 1873, he was appointed on the regular \nreportorial staff. In 1874, during the famous \ncampaign which terminated in the election of \nWilliam Gaston as governor and the over- \nthrow of six Republican congressional can- \ndidates, Mr. Curran conducted the local \npolitical department of the paper, and dis- \nplayed an aptitude for that line of work \nwhich developed and broadened later on. \nIn 1875 he became night editor of the \n\" Globe,\" and served with credit to himself \nand the paper in that important capacity for \nover two years. In 1877 the \" Sunday \nGlobe \" was launched by Colonel Taylor and \nMr. E. M. Bacon, who were then the direc- \ntors and controllers of the company's inter- \nests. Mr. Curran was placed in charge of \nthe editorial department, and to his untir- \ning and intelligent efforts much of the suc- \ncess of that enterprise is due. In 1881 he \nmanaged the editorial department of the \n\" Daily Globe \" as well as of the Sunday \nedition, and he controlled and directed the \nopinions of both papers until his retirement \nfrom active journalism in 1883, when he re- \nsigned to accept the post of Police Commis- \nsioner. In addition to his duties in the \noffice of the \" Globe \" he was for six years, \nfrom 1877 till 1883, the New England corre- \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n313 \n\n\nspondent of the New York \" Herald.\" After \nthe bill enacted by the Legislature of 1885, \nproviding for the transfer of the police de- \npartment from city to State control, had \nbecome operative, Mr. Curran joined the \neditorial staff of the \"Saturday Evening \nGazette,\" and remained in that service for \nabout thirteen months. He resigned in Oc- \ntober, 1886, and devoted himself to miscella- \nneous literary and journalistic work, until \nSeptember, 1887, when he was commissioned \nby the President of the United States as \nassistant appraiser of merchandise at the port \nof Boston. \n\nMr. Curran, in his twelve or thirteen years \nof active journalism, took a prominent part \nin many events which have gone into the \npermanent history of the country. In 1874, \nwhen the people of the United States were \nstartled, shocked, and incensed by the out- \nrage perpetrated by the Spanish authorities \nin seizing the \" Virginius \" and shooting a \nportion of her crew in Cuba, he was detailed \nto secure the views of the late Charles Sum- \nner on the subject. Mr. Sumner was then a \nsenator of the United States, and his position \nas chairman of the ' Committee on Foreign \nRelations imparted to his opinions great \nweight and importance. After a long and \ndiplomatic interview the great statesman \nconsented to give the young and enterprising \njournalist a two-column statement of the \nrights and duties of the United States in the \npremises, and its publication in the \" Globe \" \nnext morning created a profound impression \nin New England, and in fact throughout the \ncountry. \n\nWhen the Russian frigate anchored off \nSouth-west Harbor on the coast of Maine \nduring the Russo-Turkish War, Mr. Curran \nwas the representative of the New York \n\" Herald \" in Boston. Mr. Bennett commis- \nsioned him to call on Caleb Gushing, the best \ninternational lawyer then in America, and get \na legal opinion from him on the question in- \nvolved, viz., Whether the American govern- \nment was violating the neutrality laws by \nallowing shelter to a ship of war belonging \nto one of the belligerents. Mr. Curran spent \n\n\na day at Mr. Cushing's residence in Newbury- \nport, and returned to Boston at night wilh the \nmost elaborate, as it was the most valuable, \ndisquisition on the point at issue. Its publi- \ncation next day in the New York \" Herald \" \nsettled forever the vexed question which had \nbeen raised, and ended the controversy. \n\nPerhaps one of the cleverest bits of inter- \nviewing ever done by a journalist was done \nby Mr. Curran in the celebrated Freeman \ncase. Freeman, it may be remembered, re- \nsided in the little town of Pocasset, in Barn- \nstable County, Mass. He was a wild fanatic \nin religion, and became insane from constant \nreading of the Bible and his unaided efforts -to \ninterpret the true meaning of the language of \nthe sacred volume. He reached the conclu- \nsion, finally, that it was his duty to sacrifice \nthe lives of his children, as Abraham had \nbeen instructed to do under the old dispen- \nsation. One morning the little community was \nstartled by the intelligence that this religious \nlunatic had actually killed his two children. \nHe was arrested and lodged in the jail at \nBarnstable. Efforts had been made by \nalmost every newspaper in the land to \nsecure an interview with the prisoner, but \nin vain. He would not talk. A reporter \nwas regarded by Freeman as his natural \nenemy. He refused to hold any conversa- \ntion with him under any circumstances. One \nmorning as he was about to eat his meal of \nmush and milk, he was introduced to a \nstranger, who claimed to have come a long \ndistance for the purpose of discussing the theo- \nlogical and biblical questions surrounding the \nsacrificial act. \"Are you a reporter?\" \nasked the weary recluse. \"I am a seeker \nafter truth,\" was the response; \" I fail to \nfind any justification in the Bible for your \ncourse. I may read it wrong, and if I do I \nwant you to set me right.\" Taking a Bible \nout of his pocket the stranger proceeded to \nread portions of the Scriptures on which \nFreeman relied for his authority, and to com- \nment on them in a way to arouse the \nantagonism of the filicide. In a moment \nthere was a hot and fiery debate. Freeman \nargued his side of the , case with spirit, and \n\n\n314 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nthe stranger maintained his point as best he \ncould. The stranger was Mr. Michael P. \nCurran, the New England correspondent of \nthe New York \" Herald.\" He had broken the \nsilence of the crazed Bible interpreter and \nhad penetrated the secret he tried so well to \nguard. The result of the interview was \nprinted two days later in the \" Herald,\" and \nit formed the text for many sermons and \neditorials. \n\nThere was another celebrated criminal \ncase in New England in which Mr. Curran \ntook a prominent and conspicuous part. In \n1875 a woman of somewhat questionable \nmoral standing in Rutland, Vt., was mur- \ndered in her house in a retired portion of \nthe city. The building she occupied was set \non fire, and when the flames had been ex- \ntinguished, her mangled remains were dis- \ncovered half charred and badly mutilated. \nOnly circumstantial evidence could be pro- \ncured, but enough of that was found to justify \nthe detectives in arresting one John P. \nPhair, a friend of the dead woman, and a \nnative and a resident of the little city of \nVergennes. Phair was tried, convicted, and \nsentenced to be hanged at Windsor, Vt., on \na certain Friday in April, 1877. Prior to \nthe day set for his execution he wrote and \nintrusted to the late Mr. Edward C. Carrigan, \nthen a Dartmouth College senior and a \ncorrespondent of the Associate Press, a \nstatement intended for publication after his \ndeath, in which he undertook to prove an \neffective and complete alibi. Phair stipu- \nlated that his defence should not be curtailed \nor condensed; that if published at all it \nmust be published in Mo, and not until after \nhis execution. Mr. Carrigan took the docu- \nment to Boston and eventually disposed of \nit to the managers of the \" Globe.\" It was \npublished on the morning of the day set for \nPhair's death, and created a local sensation \non account of the clearness, vigor, and logi- \ncal sequence which its writer brought to his \nwork. A Vermont man, doing business in Bos- \nton, read it and declared that he could verify \nby personal knowledge and experience one \nof the most essential points in the paper. He \n\n\nproceeded to the \" Globe \" office and induced \nCol. Chas. H. Taylor, then, as now, mana- \nger of that journal, to telegraph to Governor \nFairbanks for a reprieve long enough to \nallow him to appear and give his testimony. \nThe reprieve was granted for thirty days. \nMr. Curran was despatched to Vermont next \nday to look into the matter, and he collected, \nin conjunction with Mr. Carrigan, enough \nevidence to warrant the granting of a further \nrespite by the governor for two years, in \norder that proceedings for the reopening of \nthe case by order of the Legislature might be \ntaken. Mr. Curran collected his documents \ntogether, and laid them before Governor \nFairbanks, presenting them in an argument \nof half an hour's duration, which so im- \npressed the executive that he postponed the \nexecution, as stated already. \n\nIn 1881, when President Garfield was shot \nby Guiteau, Mr. Curran was at the head of \nthe editorial forces of the \" Globe.\" The \nleading New England papers of the liberal \nstripe, and even some Republican organs, \nforecast great danger to the republic in the \nevent of Arthur's accession. The \" Globe \" \ntook the opposite view. It maintained that \nno man's life was necessary to the safety or \npeace of the country; that the American \npeople were a self-governing and a law-abid- \ning people, and that Mr. Arthur as their \nservant could only execute their will. Mr. \nCurran was rewarded by assurances from \nall over New England that he had struck the \nproper key-note, and the paper, holding fast \nto that policy, gained in reputation and in- \ncreased its prosperity. When Garfield died, \nthe same spirit animated the editorial com- \nments. The memorial number of the \n\" Globe,\" which was published a week later, \ncontaining poetic tributes from Oliver Wen- \ndell Holmes, John Boyle O'Reilly, Mrs. M. \nE. Blake, Rev. M. J. Savage, and others was \nin part the result of Mr. Curran's enterprise \nand effort. \n\nIn the Land League movement in America, \nfor the support of the Irish agitation, Mr. \nCurran took a prominent part. It was he \nwho first convinced the managers of the \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n315 \n\n\n\"Globe\" that it would be good policy, as \nwell as good journalism, to espouse the cause \nof the struggling Irish. The paper took its \nstand editorially in favor of the constitutional \nmovement for land reform, and in this it was \nthe pioneer among the New England press. \nMr. Curran attended the conventions at Buf- \nfalo in 1 88 1, in Washington in 1882, and in \nPhiladelphia in 1883, both as a delegate and \nas a newspaper correspondent, and contrib- \nuted, by his pen and his vote, to promote the \nobject sought to be accomplished, an object \nwhich later on compelled the sanction and \nsupport of the entire American press. \n\nDEELY, JOSEPH M., district reporter of the \nBoston \" Daily Globe,\" born in Cambridge, \nMass., Dec. 28, 1871. He was graduated \nfrom the Thorndike Grammar School, June \n20, 1886, and attended the Evening High \nSchool. He entered the \" Globe \" office as \noffice boy during the latter year. \n\nDENNISON, JOSEPH A., reporter, born in \nAndover, Mass., Aug. 19, 1867. He at- \ntended Phillips Andover Academy for two \nyears, intending to enter Dartmouth College, \nbut was obliged, on account of domestic dif- \nficulties, to leave before graduation. He \nfirst entered newspaper work on the staff of \nthe Andover \" Advertiser,\" and subsequently \nassumed the editorship of the Lawrence \n\" American \" at the early age of eighteen. \nHe joined the Boston \" Globe \" staff as re- \nporter in February, 1 888, and was promoted \nto the position of assistant sporting editor in \nJune, 1888. \n\nDONOVAN, WILLIAM F., journalist, born in \nBoston, Dec. 29, 1867. He received his \neducation in the public schools of this city, \nand afterward was employed as office boy \nwith the \" Evening Transcript \" for a few \nmonths, when he left to occupy a similar \nposition with the Boston \" Herald.\" After \nthree months in the latter office he was pro- \nmoted, and has risen steadily since then. He \nhas been with the \" Herald \" for about six \nyears, and is at present in the exchange \n\n\ndepartment. He also has charge of the \n\"Catholic Church News\" column of the \n\" Herald,\" which is published twice a week. \nHe is a regular contributor to \" Donahoe's \nMonthly Magazine,\" and during 1888 was \nthe author of the regular monthly article of \n\"A Bostonian in New York,\" which will \nsoon appear in book form. He is the \npresident of the St. Joseph's Young Men's \nAssociation, a member of the Hendricks. \nClub and of the Boston Press Club. Like \nhis brother, Senator Edward J. Donovan, he \nearly showed a taste for politics, and although \nhe has but just cast his maiden vote, he is \noften referred to by his associates on the \n\"Herald\" as a walking political encyclo- \npaedia. \n\nMr. Donovan has always been a warm \nfriend of the Evening High School, and l^as \nappeared several times with the late Mr. \nE. C. Carrigan and pupils of the school, \nbefore legislative committees, advocating the \nintroduction of new studies into that school. \nHe was appointed a member of a committee \nof five to represent the school at the funeral \nof the , great educator, John D. Philbrick. \nIn 1886, out of a class of about seventy \npupils but twenty-one received diplomas in \nphonography. Of this number, Mr. Dono- \nvan was one. \n\nDROHAN, JOHN J., reporter for Boston \n\" Daily Globe,\" born in South Boston, Aug. \n22, 1866. Mr. Drohan became celebrated as \none of the best Indian-club swingers in this \ncountry, and won many important matches \nup to his tenth year; when but thirteen years \nold he won the championship of America \nin the games of the Irish Athletic Club. \nHis boyhood was spent in travelling and ap- \npearing in the leading theatres of the States. \nHe secured much of his education on the \nroad, and while at home he attended the \nsessions of the Lawrence School in South \nBoston. He entered the law office of Judge \nCharles Levi Woodbury, where he copied \nbriefs on a high stool and read law. He was \nencouraged by Judge Woodbury; but when \nthe \" Evening Record \" was published, in \n\n\n316 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\n1884, Mr. Drohan was one of the first appli- \ncants. He had been connected with the \nSouth Boston \" Tribune,\" which helped him \nto a position on the \" Record.\" He did dis- \ntrict local work for three months, and was \npromoted to night local reporter, and for a \nyear did good work. The advent of the \n\" Sunday Record \" gave Mr. Drohan the \nopportunity to do some good special work. \nHe was the sporting editor of the \" Sunday \nRecord,\" the \"Advertiser's\" night local, and \nwrote a weekly letter on \" Green-Room Gos- \nsip,\" signed \"Jay Dee.\" His attack on Boston \ngambling-houses created a sensation at the \ntime, and resulted ultimately in the breaking \nup of some notorious places. He also cov- \nered the Charles-river mystery, the Mellen \nconspiracy case, and the William Gray em- \nbezzlement and suicide. His base-ball letters \nin the \" Record \" attracted attention in \nsporting circles, and resulted in his being \nemployed by the \" Globe \" for the season of \n1888. Mr. Drohan is a member of the \nMonopole Qub, which includes among its \nmembers Henry E. Dixey, Nat Goodwin, M. \nJ. Kelly, W. H. Crane, Foster Farrar, John \nGraham, E. E. Rice, and many other clever \ngentlemen. He has been secretary of the \nclub for two years. His only literary work \noutside of his newspaper was the preparation \nof M. J. Kelly's book, \" Play Ball.\" \n\nDROHAN, WILLIAM L., reporter, born in \nBoston, Feb. I, 1867. He attended the \nLawrence Grammar School of South Boston, \ngraduating in 1883. He then took a three- \nyears course at Boston College. He was \nfirst employed for a short time on the \nreportorial staff of the \"Evening Record.\" \nOn Jan. I, 1888, he became connected \nwith the Boston \" Globe \" as an assistant \nnight local reporter. He was promoted, \nMarch 9, to the position of a full-fledged \nnight local reporter on the staff. \n\nDUNPHY, JAMES W., part owner of the \nBoston \" Daily Advertiser \" and \" Evening \nRecord.\" Born in Ireland in 1 844, and came \nto Boston in 1850. He attended the Brim- \n\n\nmer Grammar School until 1856, arid was then \nengaged to work in the office of the Boston \n\" Daily Atlas.\" In 1857 the \" Atlas \" consoli- \ndated with the Boston \" Traveller,\" and Mr. \nDunphy remained in the \" Traveller \" office \nuntil 1860; he then became a book-keeper in \nthe office of the \" Commercial Bulletin,\" and \nremained there until 1864, when he trans- \nferred his labors to the \" Traveller \" office. \nIn 1869 he acquired a part ownership of the \n\" Traveller,\" and spent many years of valu- \nable services on that newspaper. He re- \nsigned his position on the paper in 1886, on \naccount of dissatisfaction with the manage- \nment and surroundings. In 1887 he entered \nthe office of the Boston \" Daily Advertiser \" \nand \" Evening Record,\" and upon the re- \norganization of the \" Advertiser \" Newspaper \nCo., in 1888, Mr. Dunphy became one of the \nowners of both journals, and the good basis \non which the present success of the two \ndailies rest is partly due to his business man- \nagement. He was the first president of the \nCatholic Total Abstinence Union, and the \nfirst president and vice-president of the \nYoung Men's Catholic Association, and he \nhas been the president and is a director of the \nHome for Destitute Catholic Children. \n\nEVANS, THOMAS P., journalist, born in \nTipperary, Ireland, March 29, 1849. He \nwas first educated in Clifden, and afterward \nat Quain. He was later employed in the \nHome Rule interest by Alfred Crilly, brother \nof Daniel Crilly, Home Rule member of \nParliament from Mayo. He was a frequent \ncontributor for the cause in the \"Finan- \ncial Reform Gazette,\" of which his em- \nployer was editor. His father suffered \nimprisonment for organizing a body of citi- \nzens to give a reception to Daniel O'Connell \non the occasion of his- visit to Clifden. Mr. \nEvans has been connected with the sporting \ndepartment of the Boston \" Globe \" for a \nyear past. \n\nFLANAGAN, JOHN S., editor and publisher, \nborn in Boston (Charlestown District) in \n1851. He was educated at the Winthrop \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n317 \n\n\nGrammar School and French's Business Col- \nlege. Subsequently he learned the printer's \ntrade, at which he was employed until 1 884. \nIn that year he became connected with the \nCharlestown \" Enterprise,\" v and is now its \neditor and publisher. During his manage- \nment he has displayed more than ordinary \n\" enterprise \" in making the paper a success, \nboth financially and editorially. He is a \nmember of the Boston Press Club and the \nSuburban Press Association. \n\nFORRESTER, ARTHUR M., journalist, born \nin Ballytrain, County Monaghan, Ireland, \nJan. 9, 1850. He first attended the Shan- \ntonagh National School, but by the death of \nhis father, when he was nine years of age, he \nwas compelled to go to work in a printing- \noffice in England. He finished his education \nunder the tutelage of his mother, Ellen For- \nrester, a popular Irish poetess, and learned \nthe trade of a printer. He early in life \ndisplayed literary ability, and in 1865 was a \ncontributor to the \" Irish People,\" under the \nnom de plume of \" Angus.\" One of his \narticles in the suppressed edition was quoted \nby the attorney-general in his opening state- \nment against O'Donovan Rossa. He went \nto Dublin to take part in an anticipated \nFenian movement, in December, 1865, and \nremained there until after the suspension of \nthe habeas corpus act, in February, 1866. \nIn 1867 he led two circles of the Manches- \nter Fenians in the abortive raid on Chester \nCastle, after which he again returned to \nDublin, and on March 9 was arrested and \nsentenced to imprisonment for one year at \nhard labor for carrying arms in a \"pro- \nclaimed\" district. On his release he was \nelected organizer and arms agent of the \nNorth of England Division of the I. R. B., \nand was again arrested on Dec. 1 6, \n1869, in Liverpool. After three examina- \ntions, in which he defended himself, was \ndischarged on £200 bail to keep the peace \nfor twelve months. In 1870 he joined a \ncompany of franc-tireurs, and served under \nGenerals D'Aurelle de Paladine and Chanzy \ndaring the Franco-German War. At the \n\n\nbattle of Conneret, in the series of engage- \nments around Le Maus, on Jan. 8, 1871, he \nwas promoted sous-lieutenant for saving a \nbattery after the lieutenant and every ser- \ngeant of the company had been killed. \nFrom 1871 to 1874 he acted as organizer \nand arms agent for the S. C. in Ulster,, \nEngland, and Scotland. In August of the \nlatter year he lost his right foot by a railway \naccident, and devoted himself thereafter to \nliterature, until 1882, when he again actively \nengaged in revolutionary work in Dublin. \nHis name was frequently mentioned in the \nPhoenix Park trials in connection with those \nof Joe Brady, Fagan, and Joe Mullett. He \nsucceeded in getting away, however, and \ncame to this country. For three years, be- \nginning with 1884, he was assistant editor of \nthe \"Irish World.\" In October, 1887, he \njoined the proof-reading staff of the Bos- \nton \" Herald,\" his present position. He has \npublished one volume of poems, \" Songs of \nthe Rising Nation,\" and is the author of \ntwo popular lyrics sung in Ireland, \" Our \nLand Shall be Free \" and \" The Felon \nof our Land.\" He is also the author of \na volume of Irish Songs and Stories, which \nis now in press. He is a member of \nTypographical Union No. 13, the Ancient \nOrder of Foresters, and the Clan-na-Gael \nSociety. \n\nFITZWILLIAM, EDWARD, editor, born in \nRiverstown Co., Sligo, Ireland, April 15, 1833. \nHe emigrated, April 7, 1854. His early \neducation was obtained at the National School, \nDrumfin, and at Leonard's Advanced School, \nin the land of his birth. At the age of seven- \nteen years he went to work for his father in a \nlinen and woollen manufactory, and thorough- \nly learned the details of the business. After \nhis father's death and the departure of his \nbrother for America,,although but eighteen \nyears of age, he continued in the manu- \nfacture of these: industries^ for four years. \nWhen he came to this country every \nfibre of the suit which he wore was \" Irish,\" \nand made: by his own hands. When only \nnineteen years old, two pieces of tweed man- \n\n\n318 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nufactured by him received first and second \nprizes at the Markree Castle cattle-show. \nFor seventeen years after his arrival in this \ncountry he continued in the same line of busi- \nness, and worked at Lawrence, Lowell, and \nWatertown, Mass., for several years, acting as \noverseer in the ^Etna Mills of the latter place. \nOwing to ill-health he subsequently engaged \nin the grocery business, which he con- \nducted successfully for six years. In Jan- \nuary, 1885, he published a weekly paper, \n\" The Boston Sentinel,\" advocating protec- \ntion to American industry. During the two \nyears which he was editor and pubh'sher he \nwrote several Irish national songs, a collec- \ntion of which he subsequently published in \npamphlet form. He has been a member of \nabout every Irish national organization from \nthe time of O'Connell to the present date, \nand is now Massachusetts State Organizer of \nthe Irish National League. In the presiden- \ntial campaign of 1888 he was an active Irish \nRepublican, and made a number of addresses \nthroughout New York State. \n\nFULLER, JOHN E., reporter, born in East \nCambridge, Mass., July 19, 1 868. He left \nschool at eighteen years of age, went to work \nat the Mutual Union Telegraph Co. Sub- \nsequently he did local work for the Boston \n\" Daily Globe,\" and is at present employed in \nthe office of the managing editor. \n\nFYNES, JOHN T., reporter for the Boston \n\" Herald,\" born in Boston, July 23, 1861, and \ngraduated from the Phillips Grammar School \nhi 1874; .thence he engaged in mercantile \nlife until 1883, when he joined the \" Herald \" \nstaff. He has been the dramatic critic for \nthe New York \" Clipper \" for five years, and \noccasional correspondent for other New York \npapers. During the past year, as police court \nreporter for the .Boston \" Herald \" he has \ndone interesting work, and his humorous \nstyle has made the court reports a marked \nfeature for the paper. \n\nHOPKINS, WILLIAM A., news editor, born \nin Boston, June 26, 1864. He removed to \n\n\nOhio when quite young, and attended the \nZanesville, Ohio, Latin School and St..Colum- \nba's Academy, from both of which he grad- \nuated. He began newspaper work, after \nleaving school, as reporter and then city edi- \ntor of the Zanesville \" Daily Times,\" remain- \ning with the paper about five years. He was \nlater the Ohio correspondent of the New \nYork \" World \" and the Chicago \" Times.\" \nHe was also manager and part owner of the \nZanesville \"News.\" In 1884 he was elected \nthe first secretary of the Jefferson Club, a \nDemocratic organization taking an active \npart in Ohio politics. In January, 1888, he \nbecame employed by the Boston \"Globe,\" \nas news editor, where he is now engaged. \n\nKEENAN, THOMAS F., journalist, and as a \nwidely experienced and as an efficient all- \nround newspaper writer is unexcelled. He was \nborn in Boston in 1854; attended the May- \nhew Grammar and English High schools, and \nentered the employ of the Boston \" Daily Ad- \nvertiser\" (in the editorial department), as \noffice-boy, in 1869. In 1870 and '71 he was \nemployed in reportorial work, latterly as night \nlocal reporter. From 1872 to 1885 he was \na reporter on the Boston .\" Herald,\" doing \nefficient service in every department of the \njournalistic field. In 1885 he joined the \nBoston \"Daily Globe\" staff. For many \nyears he has been prominently identified \nwith politics, but not until 1887 did he \nallow himself to be a candidate for public \noffice. That year he was elected to . the \nBoston Common Council, and was reelected \nby a handsome majority in 1888. In the \ncity governments of '88 and '89 he served on \nmany of the most important standing and \nspecial committees, — Finance, Public Library, \nPolice ; also Special Committee on University \nCourse of Education, Resident and Non- \nresident City and County Employes, Sheridan \nEulogy, monuments to Grant, Sheridan, and \nFarragut, and Charles-river Navigation. The \neffort to give city laborers permanent em- \nployment, and which resulted in the famous \ndeadlock of two months over the annual \nappropriation bill of 1888, was due to his \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n319 \n\n\nenergy. The special commission appointed \nby Mayor Hart to consider a more equitable \nstandard or basis of taxes was the result of \nMr. Keenan's efforts. The tablets which the \ncity has ordered to be erected at Charles- \ntown on June 17, 1889, in commemoration \nof the American patriots who died at the \nbattle of Bunker Hill, are also mementoes \nof his untiring energy and patriotism. He \nhas been identified with much other useful \nmunicipal legislation. Mr. Keenan is a \nDemocrat in the broadest sense. \n\nKELLEY, JOHN W., reporter, born in Ire- \nland, May 4, 1859. He came to America in \n1865, landing in New York City. He lived \nthere two years and then removed to Somer- \nville, Mass., where he now resides with his \nparents. He was educated in the public \nschools, and graduated from the Somerville \nHigh School in the class of 1876. In the \nfall of that year he entered Ottawa University, \nOttawa, Canada, remaining two years. He \nafterward took a two-years course at Boston \nCollege, graduating in the Class of 1 880. He \nsubsequently attended the Grand Seminary, \nMontreal, Canada, to study for the priesthood, \nwhere he remained till the summer of 1882. \nBy the suggestion of the director of the \nlatter institution, he took, the next year fol- \nlowing, worldly pursuits, to test his vocation. \nDuring his outside experience he began writ- \ning short stories and sketches for magazines \nand weekly story-papers. The work was so \nfascinating to him that he continued it, and \nfinally branched into regular newspaper work. , \nHe was engaged on the Boston \" Post \" in the \nlatter part of 1882, and a few months later \non the Boston \" Globe.\" In the beginning \nof 1883 he decided to adopt journalism as a \nprofession. In the latter part of the same \nyear he assumed the position of City Editor \nof the Cambridge \"Tribune,\" continuing \nalso his special work on the \" Post \" and \n\"Globe.\" In i88s-'86-'87 he reported the \nnews of Cambridge for the \" Globe,\" \" Ad- \nvertiser,\" \" Record,\" and \" Post,\" in addition \nto his duties on the \" Tribune.\" He is now \nattached to the \" Globe \" only, preferring to \n\n\ngive more time to story-writing. He has \ndone some good work while on the staff of \nthe latter paper, but by choice does not sign \nhis articles. \n\nKENNEY, WILLIAM F., day editor of the \nBoston \" Daily Globe,\" bora in Woburn, \nMass., of Irish parents, June 7, 1861, and \nwas educated in the public schools of the \ntown. He graduated from the Woburn \nGrammar School in 1876, and the High \nSchool in the Class of 1880. He afterward \ntook a course in elocution and English \nat Bryant & Stratton's Commercial College. \nHe first began newspaper-work in his native \nplace as a correspondent for the Boston \n\" Globe.\" As a news-gatherer he was ener- \ngetic, reliable, bright, and popular with the \ntownspeople, and was a valuable represent- \native for the paper. His services were \nduly rewarded by the management of the \n\" Globe,\" by tendering him a position upon \nthe staff of that paper. After a service of \nthree years in various departments at the \nBoston office he was promoted to the \nposition of day news editor in charge of \nthe evening edition of the \" Globe,\" the \nposition which he now fills in a creditable \nmanner. In addition to his regular work \nhe is also correspondent for several journals, \nand is the special Boston correspondent for \nthe New York \" Evening World.\" In Wo- \nburn, where he still resides, he is very popular, \nand has lately been honored with positions \nof municipal management Though a Dem- \nocrat in politics, he was nominated by both \nparties in 1885 as a member of the School \nCommittee, and was elected by the largest \nvote ever cast in Woburn for any one candi- \ndate, and was reelected for three years to \nthe same position. He is also chairman of \nthe Evening School Committee, and has \nbeen untiring in his labors to advance the \nefficiency of the evening schools. He is \none of the prominent young Democrats \nof Middlesex County, and in the congres- \nsional contests of 1884 and 1 886 he was \nsecretary of the Fifth District Democratic \nCongressional Committee. In 1889 he was \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nelected the auditor of the Woburn School \nBoard. \n\nKENNIFF, DANIEL J., journalist, born in \nBoston, Oct. 7, 1861. He attended the \nQuincy Grammar School, Evening High \nSchool, Allen Stenographic Institute, and also \nsupplemented his education by a course of \nhome study. In 1874, at the age of thirteen, \nhe became employed as a cash-boy in a large \ndry-goods store, where he worked for several \nyears in different capacities. He afterwards \nstudied law for a year, but was finally com- \npelled to deprive himself of a course at the \nlaw school. From October, 1883, for almost \na year, he was connected with the \" Journal \nof Education.\" In September, 1884, he \naccepted a position as private secretary to \nGeo. H. Ellis, publisher of the \"Daily \nAdvertiser\" and \"Evening. Record.'\" In \nDecember, 1884, he was appointed* manager \nof one of the business- departments, which \nhe held until the reorganization of the \"Daily \nAdvertiser \" Corporation in 1886. He then \njoined the staff, and for some time thereafter \ndid creditable work as a writer. He has re- \ncently acted as a special newspaper corre- \nspondent, in addition to being engaged in \nother literary enterprises. At the municipal \nelection in December, 1886, he was a regular \nDemocratic nominee in Ward 8 for the Com- \nmon Council, and received the largest num- \nber of strictly Democratic votes cast for any \none candidate. He was appointed a justice \nof the peace by Gov. Robinson on May 5, \n1886; is an active member of the Boston \nPress Club, and a life member of both the \nBoston Young Men's Christian Union and \nSt. Joseph's Young Men's Catholic Associa- \ntion. \n\nLEAHY, WILLIAM AUGUSTINE, author, \nborn in Boston, Mass., July 18, 1867. He is \na graduate of the Lawrence Grammar School, \nBoston Latin School, and Harvard Univer- \nsity. He is a young man of much promise, \nand has contributed much creditable work \nto \"Scribner's Magazine,\" the \"Harvard \nMonthly,\" and the \"Harvard Advocate.\" \n\n\nHis latest and best literary production is a \npoetical drama, \"The Siege of Syracuse.\" \nHe is a member of the Phi Beta Kappa \nSociety, the O. K. Society, the Mermaid \nClub, and the Harvard Monthly, all of \nHarvard University. \n\nLow, JOHN, reporter, born in Boston, Feb. \n20, 1852, and was the second son of James \nand Mary Low, who emigrated from the \nCounty Limerick, Ireland, in 1849. He at- \ntended the Eliot School until ten years of \nage, and moved with his parents to Illinois, \nwhere he attended the district schools during \nthe winter months. In 1871 he returned to \nthis State, and settled in Wakefield, where he \nworked in the rattan factory for two years. \nIn 1874 he graduated from the Union Busi- \nness College in Boston, and later kept books. \nIn 1877 he became connected with the Bos- \nton \" Daily Globe \" as reporter, covering Mai- \nden and several other towns. His home is \nin Wakefield, where he has a wife and three \ndaughters. \n\nLOWE, ALLAN, journalist, was born in \nRamhill, Lancashire, Eng., Aug. 28, 1858. \nHis father was a County Fermanagh man, \nand his mother was born in Donegal. \nHe was educated at Portora Royal School \nin Enniskillen, and at the early age of \nthirteen years did his first newspaper work \non the Fermanagh \"Times,\" a weekly, \nstarted by his father in Enniskillen. He \ncame to Boston when fifteen years old, and \nstarted in to learn the newspaper business at \nthe bottom. He picked up type for a year, \nand then went to Montreal, where he at \nonce became police reporter on the Mon- \ntreal \"Gazette.\" He showed aptitude \nin the business, and Alack P. Lowry, city \neditor of the Toronto \" Mail,\" sent for him \nto join the staff of that paper. He was \ngiven sporting work to do, and for thirteen \nyears has done very little other work. He \nwrote the fullest and most graphic accounts \nof lacrosse matches ever published in \nCanada. Since that time he has been all \nover the country, and has owned a weekly \n\n\nWILLIAM F. KENNEY. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, \n\n\n321 \n\n\npaper, and been engaged in many business \nventures. He is the \" horseman \" of the \n\" Globe.\" He joined that paper last July, \nand has done special work for that jour- \nnal. \n\nMACKIN, RICHARD J., newspaper corre- \nspondent, born in Dorchester, Mass., Dec. \n23, 1865. He graduated from the Mather \nSchool in 1 880, attended the Dorchester High \nSchool for two years, and graduated from \nBoston College in 1887. He entered the \nHarvard Medical School last fall, where he \nis at present studying medicine. He began \nhis first newspaper work a year ago as Boston \nCollege correspondent for the \" Globe,\" and \nis now the Dorchester representative of that \npaper. \n\nMAGENNIS, MARGARET J., for the past \n.fourteen years connected with the Boston \n\" Evening Traveller,\" is the widow of a \nfanner of county Down, Ireland, and \ndaughter of a Belfast merchant. Being left \na widow in early womanhood in the city of \nCincinnati, O., while she and her husband \nwere travelling, she was soon thrown upon \nher own resources, and naturally gravitated \ntowards journalism. She shortly afterwards \nbecame a correspondent for several papers, \namong them the \"Banner of Ulster,\" \nBelfast \" Morning News,\" and \" Caledonia \nMercury,\" a Scotch paper. About twenty \nyears ago her first contribution to a Boston \npaper appeared in the \" Watchman \" (the \n\" Watchman and Reflector \") , to which she \nstill occasionally contributes; subsequently \nto the \" Youth's Companion \" and other \npapers. Since her connection with the \n\"Traveller \" she has done every kind of work \nwhich generally falls to the lot of newspaper \nwomen. For ten or twelve years she has daily \nreported the doings of one of the municipal dis- \ntrict courts. This brought her into commu- \nnication with various charitable and criminal \ninstitutions, for which she has done a vast \ndeal of gratuitous charitable work of widely \nappreciated value ; for example, the well- \nknown kindergarten of South Boston owes \n\n\nits origin to the early efforts of Mrs. Magen- \nnis in its behalf, and the first Protestant \nSunday-school in the Marcella-street Home \nis due to the initiative taken by her; also the \nLoyal Temperance Legion at the same place. \nTo these might be added the Home for Aged \nCouples, the Working Girls' Home, and the \nFree Home for Aged Women. The latter \ninstitution is indebted to this charitable lady \nfor appeals through the press, and for start- \ning a fair in the Phillips Church, South Bos- \nton, and two in Boston, in its behalf. She \nis always glad to aid a needy person when it \nis in her power. No discrimination is made \nas to race, color, or religion. She is an offi- \ncer of the Woman's Christian Temperance \nUnion, and in that capacity visits the penal \ninstitutions and almshouses. Her efforts are \nnow being directed towards procuring a tem- \nporary asylum for discharged prisoners, \nwhere they could stop during the time be- \ntween their release from prison and finding \nemployment, believing, as she does, that in \nmany cases permanent reformation would be \nlikely to follow. She is an honorary member \nof the Woman's Relief Corps, G.A.R. ; has \nalways been faithful and sincere in her char- \nitable work, and is a typical representative of \na generous, kind-hearted woman. Mrs. \nMagennis is a descendant of a long line of \nsturdy Presbyterians. \n\nMAGUIRE, THOMAS, journalist, born in \nmid-ocean while his parents were making the \npassage in a sailing-vessel from Ireland to \nAmerica in 1841. He died of pneumonia in \nthe Charlestown District, Mass., Oct. 22, \n1884. Soon after arrival in this country, \nMr. Maguire's father died, and Mrs. Maguire \nlocated in Hinsdale, Berkshire County, \nMass., where young Tom attended school \nand acquired the common education with \nwhich he began his journalistic career some \nyears later. His genial disposition made \nhim a great favorite with railroad people, and \nhe eventually cast lines with them, becoming \na water-boy and subsequently a brakeman \non the Western Railroad, which has since \nbeen merged into the Boston & Worcester, \n\n\n322 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nunder the general name of the Boston & \nAlbany. In addition to his other work, Tom \ncontributed news paragraphs to the columns of \nthe Springfield \" Republican,\" and became a \ngreat favorite of the elder Bowles, who gave \nhim a position as a reporter on that paper. \nHe served a successful apprenticeship with \nthe \" Republican,\" contributed to the New \nYork \" Herald,\" and subsequently came to \nBoston, where he secured a place on the \nBoston ' ' Journal,\" \" covering \" the Massa- \nchusetts work for the New York \" Herald \" \nas well. While with the \"Journal \" his work \nwas \" general,\" but for several years he was \nthe reporter of legislative proceedings in one \nor the other of the two branches of the State \ngovernment. In his earlier career as a \njournalist he had a happy faculty of making \nhosts of friends, who were always glad to see \nhim and to favor him in every way, and he \nwas well known in every State in New Eng- \nland and in the large cities of Canada and \nthe Provinces. His qualities as a news- \ngatherer and correspondent were as peculiar \nas his methods were unique. Early practice*at \nthe keyboard of the telegraph-office in Hins- \ndale made him very valuable in emergencies \ncalling for an operator to take the place of \nthe then imperfectly -educated telegraphers of \ncountry towns and villages. He possessed a \nrare fund of mother-wit, and his easy manners, \nlove of humor, and willingness to serve made \nhim warm friends everywhere. He was a \ndaring war correspondent while the Rebellion \nwas in progress. On the occasion of the \nFenian raid into Canada, in 1866, Tom was at \nthe front for the \"Journal\" and two years \nlater he was again in Canada with the \" Irish \nRevolutionary Army,\" having meanwhile left \nthe \"Journal\" and become New England \ncorrespondent for the New York \" Herald.\" \nOn the second raid his despatches were sent \nfrom all points between St. Armand and \nProut River in Canada and St. Albans, Vt., \nand Malone, N.Y., on the American side. \nTom's greatest achievement, which brought \nhim into prominence, was connected with the \nloss of the White Star steamship \"Atlantic \" on \nthe coast of Nova Scotia, about eighteen years \n\n\nago. On learning of the disaster, he started \nby special train for Halifax, and on arriving \nthere chartered the only steamer that could \nbe obtained and went to the wreck. In that \nway he recovered over one hundred bodies; \nand those, with many others recovered of the \nfive hundred and sixty-two lost, were claimed \nby their friends solely through the complete \nand systematic description of the dead \nthat Mr. Maguire gave to the public in \nhis long despatches to his paper. Owing \nto the condition of the roads along the coast \nat the time, the wreck could not be reached \nexcept by boat; and, as Mr. Maguire had \nchartered the only available one, he was \nmonarch of the field, leaving his fellow-corre- \nspondents unable to get any nearer the scene \nof the accident than Halifax, a distance of \nthirty miles. The latter were forced to stand \nabout on the Halifax wharves and pick up \nmeagre items, while Mr. Maguire sailed up \nin his steamer just from the wreck, and tele- \ngraphed column after column of the last \nparticulars. It made Mr. Maguire a hero, \nand called forth the admiration of a score \nor more of New York and Boston corre- \nspondents, who were out-generalled by his \nenterprise. Doubts were expressed on all \nsides about his ability to stay so long and do \nso much work under water, and many pro- \nfessional divers declared that no expert could \nremain under the water and accomplish so \nmuch as the New York \" Herald \" novice \nclaimed to have done. \n\nTwo days of newspaper war ensued on the \nsubject, when Mr. Maguire received a per- \nemptory order by telegraph from Mr. James \nGordon Bennett directing him to \" go down in \nthe bell again.\" He obeyed, and the \"Herald\" \nhad another description of scenes witnessed \nin the second exploration of the wreck, and \nthe vividness of the portrayal was even more \nshocking than the first Tom had but few \nequals in the gathering, preparation, and dis- \nsemination of news, and his clever feats \nattracted the attention of the leading news- \npaper men of his day, among whom was \nColonel Rogers, of the Boston \"Journal,\" \nwho secured his services, and Tom proved a \n\n\nTHOMAS MAGUIRE. \n\nJOURNALIST. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n323 \n\n\nfitting co-laborer to the then veteran Dave \nLeavitt, who at that time was in the zenith of \nhis fame. At the opening of hostilities, in \n1861, Tom Maguire (as he loved to be called) \nhappened to be in New York State, and was \nsent to West Point to look after a meeting \nbetween General Wool and President \nLincoln, touching matters concerning the \nwar. While the President pared a trouble- \nsome corn with a razor belonging to General \nWool, the whole situation was discussed, and \nthe order for the first call for troops was \ndrawn up by the general and immediately \nsigned by the President. The New York \n\" Herald \" the next morning published an \n\" exclusive \" sent by Tom which astounded \nthe world. In 1861 and 1862 he was with \nthe Army of the Potomac as correspondent \nof the Boston \"Journal,\" and spent much \ntime at Acquia Creek, the depot of supplies, \nas well as at army headquarters. He was \nintimately associated with the leading gen- \nerals, and had the confidence of all who \nknew him, — officers and soldiers alike. He \noften risked his life by wandering within the \nrebel lines, but escaped all harm. He re- \nturned home in 1 864 and resumed his labors \non the Boston \"Journal,\" but later became \nassociated with the New York \"Herald.\" \nWhile serving on the staff of the \" Herald,\" \nin 1868 or thereabouts, he accompanied \nPrince Arthur in the latter's tour from Hali- \nfax throughout the country. He acted as \nsecretary and agent for Patrick S. Gilmore \nduring the World's Peace Jubilee, and Mr. \nGilmore was so impressed by his genius and \naccomplishments as a writer that he com- \nposed and dedicated a piece of music to him. \nIn 1870 Mr. Maguire executed a piece of fine \nwork for the \"Herald \"in connection with \nthe \" Mill River Disaster.\" He accompanied \nthe Duke Alexis, the son of the \" Czar of \nall the Russias,\" in the latter's trip through- \nout the country, during which Tom especially \ndistinguished himself on behalf of the New \nYork \" Herald.\" On reaching St. Louis, some \nsixty-eight correspondents were on hand, \nrepresenting as many different journals, to \naccompany the Duke on the grand buffalo \n\n\nhunt which had been arranged in his honor \nby General Phil. Sheridan. At the last \nmoment Sheridan decided that it would be \nimpossible to take all the correspondents \nwith the party by reason of lack of horses \nfor transportation, and to be impartial, the \ngeneral decided to have none of them go. He \nproposed to furnish an epitome of each day's \nsport for all the papers, and that settled it to \nall appearances for the poor correspondents, \nmany of whom had travelled hundreds of \nmiles to describe the antics of a live prince \nhunting down a live buffalo. Tom, however, \nwas dissatisfied, and felt chagrined at having \nto return to New York with a report of his \nfailure. He cogitated, soon saw his way \nclear, and in the most secret manner offered \nhimself to Sheridan as a telegraph operator \nwho might be wanted to assist in getting the re- \nport of each day's hunt through to the papers. \nThis was done unknown to his associates, and \nhe accompanied the party, which was headed \nby the lamented Custer, with whom Tom was \non the best of terms, the result of a friendship \nformed on the battle-fields of Virginia. Tom \ndid his duty as an operator to perfection, and \nthe New York \"Herald\" printed a whole \npage of matter each day descriptive of the \nsport, which, when Sheridan discovered, \nangered him against Tom, as much as he ad- \nmired his skill in outwitting him. In 1872 \nTom Maguire again distinguished himself \nduring the big fire in Boston, and he made a \nhit in his description of President Grant's \ntrip to the Vineyard and Cape in 1874. \n\" Old \" Grant and Tom were as fast friends \nas if brought up together at West Point. In \nconnection with the centennial celebration of \nthe battles of Lexington and Concord, in \n1875, Tom made another \" big hit \" by pre- \nparing the matter for a special edition of the \nNew York \" Herald,\" which was sold all \nover New England during the day of the \ncelebration. This issue of the New York \n\" Herald \" embraced an historical sketch of \nthe battles from the pens of the late Ralph \nWaldo Emerson and other prominent men of \nthe time, direct descendants of the patriots \nwho met the British soldiery. Tom came in \n\n\n324 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nfor a share of the fame, and he continued in \nthe service of the New York \"Herald\" \nuntil 1877, as New England correspondent. \nIn 1878 he came to Boston and wrote for the \n\" Globe,\" and finally became connected with \nthe Boston \" Herald.\" He wielded a most \nfacile pen, and had wonderful descriptive \npowers. \n\nMcGRATH, DAVID J., editor and publisher \nof \" The Horse and Stable,\" — a trade journal, \n— born in East Weymouth, April 21, 1861. \nHe graduated from the Bicknell Grammar \nSchool about 1 878, and then went to work in \na shoe manufactory, but found the business \nuncongenial and unsuited to his taste and \ninclination. He became connected with the \nBoston \" Daily Globe \" in the capacity of \ndistrict local reporter, on July 6, 1881, and \nhe has shown marked ability in journalism \nsince his advent to the field. He was pro- \nmoted to the position of night city editor \nafter service as local reporter, court reporter, \nand special correspondent. He also presided \nover the night desk and day desk, and his ed- \nitorial judgment was considered excellent by \nhis associate journalists. The monotonous life \nat the desk gave him no opportunity to ex- \ntend his efforts and display his literary gifts \nas a special correspondent, for which he pos- \nsessed positive and unusual talent, and he \ndecided to devote his mind to special work. \nHe has done some notable newspaper feats, \namong which is his capture of young \nMcNally, the Saco, Me., bank clerk, who ab- \nsconded with about half a million dollars. \nMr. McGrath has been the correspondent for \nseveral New York papers. As a writer of \nshort, breezy sketches he has no superior in \nBoston, and his more lengthy articles on \npassing events, which have appeared from \ntime to time in the \" Globe,\" have attracted \nmuch attention and favorable comment. \n\nMcKAV, M. E., reporter, graduated from \nSt. John, N.B., schools at the age of fifteen, \na licensed teacher. She began writing about \nseven years ago for several St. John papers, \ncame to Boston three years ago, wrote for \n\n\nthe \"Globe\" and \"Herald\" articles on \nchurch matters, and is now an able member \nof the \" Globe \" reportorial staff, where she \nis doing excellent work. \n\nMcNALLY, HUGH P., night editor of the \nBoston \" Herald,\" born in Charlestown, Mass., \n1856; attended the public schools of Charles- \ntown. In early life he worked for John C. \n& E. A. Loud, bakers on Prince street, and \nfor several years for Horace P. Stevens, pro- \nvisions and groceries, on Chelsea street, \nCharlestown, whose employ he left to enter \nthe steam-engineering department at the \nNavy Yard, with the intention of becoming \nan engineer in the navy. After a competitive \nexamination he was made a government ap- \nprentice; but as there were no vacancies in \nthe machine-shop he was placed in the pat- \ntern-shop, and served the full term of four \nyears in learning the pattern-maker's trade. \nThe possession of either trade — machinist or \npattern-making — would gain him the time set \nfor practical work at the naval academy. \nWhile learning his trade he studied hard at \nhome and at the evening high school, posting \nhimself fully on the requirements for admis- \nsion to the Annapolis Academy. At the \nsame time he began reporting for the \" Daily \nAdvertiser,\" then on Court street, and also for \nthe old \" Sunday Times.\" He became de- \nvoted to journalism, and secured a regular \nplace on the staff of the '\" Daily Advertiser,\" \nwhere he remained for about eight years, \ndoing all kinds of general reporting and \nspecial work, only leaving the \"old daily\" \nto become one of the night editors of the \n\" Herald,\" a position he has filled for the \npast four years. He has written many special \narticles for the \" Herald.\" \n\nWhile employed on the \" Advertiser \" he \nalso did regular work for the \" Sunday \nCourier,\" being for about three years city \neditor of the paper, and a special-article \nwriter. The last two years of his connection \nwith the \" Courier \" he had charge of the \nmake-up and \" putting to press.\" \n\nMr. McNally has contributed frequently to \nNew York and Western papers and to the \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, \n\n\n325 \n\n\nIrish-American press over the signatures of \n\" Hugh X \" and \" Heber.\" He was one of \nthe founders of the St. Mary's Young Men's \nTemperance Society of Charlestown, and has \nbeen \"secretary, and also treasurer, of that or- \nganization. He is a member of the Charitable \nIrish Society and of the Boston Press Rifle \nClub, and has been the executive officer of \nthe latter association. He is a married man, \nand has two children. \n\nMcNALLY, JOHN J., author and journalist, \nborn in the Bunker Hill district of this city, \nMay 7, 1854. He was educated in the pub- \nlic schools of that district, and was graduated \nfrom the Charlestown High School in 1872, \nand afterwards entered the Harvard Law \nSchool, where he prepared himself for ad- \nmission to the bar. \n\nWhile pursuing his studies at Harvard he \nbegan his career as a journalist on the \nCharlestown \" Chronicle,\" a local paper \nwhich was at one time edited by Mr. John \nH. Holmes, the present editor of the Boston \n\"Herald.\" When Mr. Stephen O'Meara, \nnow managing editor of the Boston \n\"Journal,\" was taken off district work and \nmade a regular city reporter on the Bos- \nton \"Globe,\" in September, 1872, Mr. \nMcNally succeeded him as the Charlestown \nreporter of that paper. He retained his \nnewspaper connection during the two terms \nhe was at Harvard, doing at night a variety \nof journalistic work, and studying law dur- \ning the day. \n\nInclination, taste, temperament, and habit \ninduced him to desert the law and give his \nwhole allegiance to journalism, where the \nimmediate rewards for labor were greater. \n\nHe was employed as a reporter and special \nwriter by the \"Globe,\" \"Advertiser,\" and \n\" Sunday Courier \" at various times, and \nsomewhere about 1877 he succeeded Mr. \nHenry A. Clapp as dramatic critic of the \n\" Sunday Times,\" which was then, as now, an \nexcellent authority on dramatic matters. \n\nHis work for the \" Times \" proving satis- \nfactory,' he was rapidly given charge of several \ndepartments, and finally was placed in full \n\n\neditorial control of the paper, which he con- \nducted with success. \n\nIt was as the dramatic critic of the \" Times \" \nthat Mr. McNally attracted the attention of \nMr. Willie Edouin and Manager E. E. Rice, \nand was engaged by the former to write, in \nconjunction with Mr. Dexter Smith, a bur- \nlesque for the newly organized Rice's Surprise \nParty. Messrs. McNally and Smith then \nwrote \" Revels; or, Bon Ton George, Jr.,\" \nwhich was one of the most successful bur- \nlesques ever presented in this country. The \npiece was originally produced in San Fran- \ncisco, and when it was proposed to open with \nit in Philadelphia, Mr. McNally went on to \nthat city, and rewrote the piece, adapting \nit to the members of the organization, which \nincluded Mr. Edouin, Mr. W. A. Mestayer, \nMr. Henry E. Dixey, Mr. George Howard, \nMr. Louis Harrison, and Misses Alice Ather- \nton, Lena Merville, Marion Singer, Marion \nElmore, Jennie Calef, and many others who \nhave since appeared as stars. \n\nIn Philadelphia Mr. Rice offered Mr. Mc- \nNally a good salary to travel with the \ncompany as librettist and press agent, and he \nentered the dramatic profession and remained \nin it for three seasons, acting as press agent, \ntreasurer, and business manager. \n\nFor a few months Mr. McNally was en- \ngaged as assistant business manager for Miss \nAnnie Pixley, and when he left her service he \nreturned to Boston and again entered jour- \nnalism as an editorial writer on the Boston \n\" Daily Star,\" and a few weeks later was ap- \npointed managing editor of that paper, leav- \ning it to join the special editorial staff of \nwriters on the Boston \"Herald.\" He also \nassisted Mr. E. A. Perry in the writing of \ndramatic criticisms, and when that gentleman \nwas sent to England as the resident corre- \nspondent of the \" Herald \" in London, the \nmanagement of that journal showed its ap- \npreciation of Mr. McNally's work by placing \nhim in full control of its dramatic depart- \nment. \n\nWhile he was with Mr. Rice, Mr. McNally \nrewrote \"Horrors,\" \"The Babes in the \nWood,\" and other pieces in the Rice refer- \n\n\n326 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\ntoire, and gave to all of them new leases of \nlife and prosperity. In \"The New Evan- \ngeline,\" which was also the work of this \nauthor, Mr. Henry E. Dixey made one of \nhis greatest early successes as a clerk to \nLeBlanc, a part especially written for him. \nThis version of the old extravaganza was \nsingularly popular, and was first produced \nin Boston, at Forest Garden. \n\nMr. McNally is also the author of a num- \nber of short sketches and farces which were \nsuccessful, but which were not billed under \nhis name. He has written many topical, \ncharacter, and sentimental songs, and he is \nresponsible for a great many of the local \nverses which have been sung in this city by \ncomedians of visiting combinations. \n\nHis latest successes are \" Home Rule,\" a \npleasing sketch which was played with good \nresults by the Irwin Sisters in the Howard \nAthenaeum Star Specialty Company, who sung \na topical duet by the same author, \" Upside \nDown,\" which he wrote in collaboration with \nMr. Thomas A. Daly; \"Army Tactics, or \nLove and Strategy; \" \"Irish Heads and \nGerman Hearts; \" and \" Little Lord Mc- \nElroy.\" \n\nMr. McNally has been singularly fortunate \nas an author, as his name has never been \nassociated with a failure. \n\nMcNALLY, PETER S., journalist, born in \nCharlestown, July 7, 1865. He attended the \npublic schools, and also took a three-years \ncourse at Boston College. He began news- \npaper work on the \" Evening Star,\" July 7, \n1887, as Charlestown reporter. In Septem- \nber of the same year he became a member of \nthe \" Post \" staff. He subsequently joined the \nstaff of the \" Daily Advertiser \" and \" Evening \nRecord,\" and occasionally contributed to the \n\"Journal.\" In February, 1886, he became \nattached to the \" Sunday Budget\" and \n\" Manufacturers' Gazette.\" In January, 1 888, \nhe returned to the \" Advertiser \" and \n\" Record \" as sporting editor and night local \nreporter, his present position. He is profi- \ncient as an athlete and swimmer, particularly \nin the latter, having won many long-distance \n\n\nraces. He has a record of swimming from \nBath, Me., to Fort Popham, on the Kenne- \nbec river, a distance of sixteen nautical miles. \nAs a life-saver he holds a silver medal from \nthe Massachusetts Humane Society, presented \nto him in April, 1886, with the inscription, \n\"To P. S. McNally, — For repeated acts of \nhumanity and bravery, by which many per- \nsons have been saved from drowning, Boston, \n1872-1886.\" He is reported to have rescued \nabout forty persons. \n\nMcNARY, WILLIAM S., managing editor, \nborn in North Abington, Mass., March 29, \n1863. He is of Irish-Scotch descent. He \nattended the public schools of his native \ntown until twelve years of age, when he re- \nmoved to South Boston, where he has since \nresided. He was a graduate of the Lawrence \nGrammar School in 1877, anc^ the English \nHigh School in 1880. In the latter year he \nbecame employed as reporter on the \" Com- \nmercial Bulletin,\" and was recently appointed \nmanaging editor. He has been identified \nin amateur theatricals, as a public reader, and \nwas at one time president of the South Bos- \nton Union, also of the St. Augustine's Ly- \nceum, and is a member of the South Boston \nCitizens' Association. He represented Ward \n15 as a Democrat in the Common Council \nof 1886-87, and was elected to the Demo- \ncratic Ward and City Committee in 1888. \nHe is a member of the Legislature of 1 889, \nand is recognized as one of the prominent \nDemocrats of that body. He is a lieutenant \nof Company B, Ninth Regiment, a member \nof the Boston Press Club and of the Massa- \nchusetts Young Men's Democratic Club. \n\nMERRIGAN, JOHN J., editor, born in Bos- \nton in 1855. ^e became a resident of South \nBoston at an early age, where he graduated \nfrom the Lawrence Grammar School. When \na boy he sold newspapers in the peninsular \ndistrict, and the juvenile training which he \nacquired at the time doubtless prompted his \nsubsequent desire to be a proprietor of a \nsuccessful newspaper. In a measure he \nhas accomplished this result, and is now \n\n\nJOHN! J. MERRIGAN \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, \n\n\n327 \n\n\neditor and proprietor of the South Boston \n\" News,\" a weekly publication of considerable \nlocal prominence. At the age of fourteen \nyears be became employed at the book- \nbinder's trade, subsequently accepted a \nposition as clerk in a wall-paper establish- \nment, and later was engaged for over three \nyears with a building firm. His next busi- \nness experiment was as an advertising \nsolicitor. He assumed charge of the adver- \ntising department of a district paper, and \nthrough his efforts a very satisfactory \nfinancial showing was the result. Eventually \nhe extended his work, and served as resident \ncorrespondent for New England newspapers. \nFinally, in 1 885, he became connected with \nthe South Boston \"News, \"which has since \nbeen elevated to an influential position as a \nDemocratic newspaper. \n\nMURNANE, TIMOTHY HAYES, journalist, \nborn in Naugatuck, Conn., June 4, 1850. He \nreceived a common-school education, and \nbegan playing base-ball at an early age. \nFrom 1870 until 1885 he was engaged as \nplayer and manager for a number of base- \nball clubs. During his experience on the \n\" diamond \" he was connected with the follow- \ning clubs : The Savannah (Ga.) , Middletown \n(Conn.) Athletics, Philadelphia, Boston, and \nProvidence. In 1874 he went to England \nand Ireland with the American ball-players, \nas a member of the Athletics of Philadelphia. \nHe has been instrumental in bringing before \nthe public many great ball-players, notably \nMessrs. Crane and Slattery, of New York; \nSullivan, Farrell, and Duffy, of Chicago; \nFarrer, of Philadelphia; McCarthy, of St. \nLouis ; Nash and Johnston, of Boston; \nHughes, of Brooklyn; Hackett, Shaw, Mor- \ngan, Murphy, and others. In 1884 he organ- \nized the Boston Unions, and in 1886 the \nBoston Blues. In the spring of 1 886 he \nstarted the Boston \" Referee,\" a sporting \npaper, which he still continues to publish. \nHe is also a member of the staff of the Bos- \nton \"Globe,\" and is at present the special \nwriter for that paper of the games played by \nthe Boston nine. In addition to his regular \n\n\nnewspaper work he is special correspondent \nfor the \" Sporting Life,\" New York \" Even- \ning Telegram,\" St Louis \" Sporting News,\" \nand the \" Press Association.\" \n\nMURRAY, WILLIAM F., journalist, born in \nCardiff, Wales, Aug. 18, 1859, of Irish parents, \nwith whom he came to the United States \nwhen only eleven months old. He lived in \nNew York a few years, and then the family \nmoved to the Provinces, where he was edu- \ncated in the public schools under the charge \nof the Sisters of Charity and the Christian \nBrothers, and in St. Mary's College and the \nCommercial College there. He studied law \none year and a half in the office of Hon. John \nS. D. Thompson, the present minister of \nJustice of the Dominion. He learned Pit- \nman's system of phonography about this time, \nand abandoned the study of law to engage \nin journalistic work, toward which he had \na strong inclination. He served two sessions \nas assistant reporter of the Legislature, and \nafter joined the staff of one of the local news- \npapers. \n\nHe came to Boston early in 1880, and \nwent to work on the daily and Sunday \n\" Globe,\" and left there to edit a daily paper \nin one of the New England towns. During \nmost of the winter of 1881-82 he travelled \nthrough the United States and Canada as \nstenographer and agent for the late Prof. O. \nS. Fowler. He afterward joined the Bos- \nton \" Herald \" staff, where he remained until \nAugust, 1887, when he accepted a position \nas private secretary to the U.S. General \nAppraiser. In addition to performing the \nduties of his present position, he is also en- \ngaged to a limited extent in newspaper \nwork, and was one of the representatives of \nthe \" Herald \" at both the National Demo- \ncratic and Republican conventions in 1888. \nHe is a member of the Boston Press Club, \nthe Charitable Irish Society, and the Royal \nArcanum. \n\nO'BRIEN, CARLETON T., journalist, born in \nBoston, Sept. 29, 1858, and graduated from \nthe Lewis Grammar School, and studied for \n\n\n328 \n\n\nTHE IRISH Iff BOSTON. \n\n\ntwo years in the Roxbury High and Latin \nSchools. He left the high school to fill a \nposition on the \" Commercial and Shipping \nList,\" — a paper then managed and owned by \nhis father, ex-Mayor O'Brien, — and he con- \ntinued with that paper until its dissolution, in \n1886. He acquired much knowledge of the \nvarious branches of business in Boston, which \nhe practically applied as a writer of the \nmarket reports for the Boston \"Journal,\" \nand correspondent of several other papers. \nHis reports of the different business interests \nare gauged as thoroughly accurate, and the \nwool trade particularly mark Mr. O'Brien's \nreports as authoritative. He is a member of \nnumerous societies in Boston and vicinity. \n\nO'CALLAGHAN, JOHN J., reporter, born in \nWest Springfield, Mass., Sept. 14, 1861, \nwhere he attended the public schools. He \nlater removed to Boston, Charlestown Dis- \ntrict, and he has since resided there. In 1885 \nhe became district reporter for the Boston \n\" Daily Advertiser \" and \" Evening Record,\" \nand was subsequently promoted to a position \non the local staff of both papers. He is a \ncareful and thorough news-gatherer, ener- \ngetic, and has done creditable work as a \nwriter of political news, of which he now \nmakes a specialty. He is a member of the \nBoston Press Club, St. Francis de Sales \nYoung Men's Catholic Total Abstinence, and \nthe Literary Society, of Charlestown, and \nserved a year as president and an equal term \nas secretary of the temperance society. \n\nO'CONNOR, EUGENE J., journalist and \ntelegrapher, born in Springfield, Mass. , Oct. \n24, 1848. His early education was received \nin the public schools of that city. At the \nage of eighteen years he was engaged in \ntelegraphic work, and subsequently held as \nimportant a position as the comparatively \nprimitive condition of telegraphy of that \ntime would admit. About 1874 he came to \nBoston, where he has since resided. In \nformer years the position of an operator \nwas not much more than a mere mechanical \nmanipulator; the press despatches, which \n\n\nare now quite large, were then rather \nmeagre, without the present regard for con- \ntinuity of the message. He who received the \ndespatch mechanically transcribed letter by \nletter as it ticked inward. To-day Mr. O'Con- \nnor and others can send and receive with a \nprecision and ease as though the wire were \na living, breathing being. Previous to the \ntelegraphers' strike in July, 1883, he had \nbeen night chief operator of the Western \nUnion Telegraph Company, in Boston. At \nthe Chicago convention of the Telegraphers' \nBrotherhood of the United States and Can- \nada he was chosen chairman of the execu- \ntive board, under whose guidance the great \nstrike of 1883 was conducted. For his \n\" striking activity\" in 1883 he was ostracized \nby the Western Union Company, but honored \nand revered by toiling operators throughout \nthe country. He subsequently entered the ser- \nvice of the United Lines Company; later with \nthe Baltimore & Ohio Company. When the \nWestern Union Company assumed the man- \nagement of the latter Mr. O'Connor joined the \nstaff of the Boston \" Globe,\" where he is now \nemployed. He is a Democrat, and has been \nfirst assistant assessor for the city of Boston; \nhe is president of the Telegraphers' Mu- \ntual Aid and Literary Association, and the \nsuccess of the organization, as well as much \nadvancement in telegraphic service, is largely \ndue to his efforts. \n\nO'KEEFE, ARTHUR, reporter, born in Bos- \nton, Sept 19, 1843. He attended the Win- \nthrop Grammar School of Charlestown and \nBoston Latin School. He was first employed \nas a commercial traveller, but began news- \npaper work in 1881. He worked about a \nyear for the Boston \" Star,\" and afterwards \nfor the Boston \"Sentinel.\" He became en- \ngaged by the Boston \" Globe \" in 1886 as a \nspace writer, and was later employed as re- \nporter on the regular staff, a position which \nhe now holds. \n\nO'MEARA, HENRY, author, poet, and jour- \nnalist, born in St. John's, Newfoundland, \nSept. i, 1850. He was educated chiefly at \n\n\nSTEPHEN O'MEARA. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n329 \n\n\nthe Central Academy and St. Dunstan's \nCollege in Charlottetown, P.E.I. While at \nthe latter place he was awarded the special \nprize for good conduct by suffrage of all the \nstudents, and he manifested a special interest \nin the rhetoric class, in which he was associ- \nated with the present Archbishop of Halifax \nand with the poet-editor, Mr. James Jeffrey \nRoche. \n\nAt the close of his classical studies he \ncame with other members of the family to \nBoston, and after a brief experience at the \nMerchants' Exchange News Room he was \nengaged in the book department of the \n\" Pilot \" publishing establishment, then con- \nducted by Mr. Patrick Donahoe, in which po- \nsition he availed himself of its unusual oppor- \ntunities for an acquaintance with books and \nauthors. He was promoted to an editorial \nposition on \"The Pilot,\" where for some \nyears he was a co-worker with the chief \neditor, Mr. John Boyle O'Reilly. Subse- \nquently, during an interval of half a year, he \ntaught classes at the House of the Angel \nGuardian in Boston Highlands. He after- \nwards accepted an engagement for special \ndepartment work on the Boston \" Herald.\" \nThe editorial charge of the \"Catholic \nHerald\" at Lawrence, Mass., was given \nhim during the first six months of its existence. \n\nMr. O'Meara has also contributed to most \nof the papers in Boston at various times. \nWhen the Catholic Lyceum of Boston flour- \nished he prepared a pamphlet history of \nits work; and as one of the projectors of \nthe Lyceum of Charlestown, he participated \nin a course of public lectures, and also con- \nducted a journalistic organ. He is the author \nof various poems, some of which have ap- \npeared in a recent compilation, and others in \nthe newspapers of Boston and vicinity. In \ndramatic matters he has long displayed a \nspecial taste, having been the dramatic critic \nof the Boston \"Times,\" and having also \ncontributed critical articles to other Boston \npapers. One of the projects which he has \nin part accomplished has been the prep- \naration of short poems in tribute to the \nheroines of ^Shakspeare. He has been for \n\n\nsome years past employed in the office of the \nBoston \" Journal,\" where he has had charge \nof the \" Weekly Journal,\" and his varied \nwork on the Daily, particularly in the line \nof descriptive writing, has been uniformly \ncredited with grace of diction. He has \ngiven considerable attention to historical and \ncontroversial material, and as chairman of the \nCommittee of the Catholic Union of Boston \non History and Statistics he has displayed \nmarked ability. Mr. O'Meara is married \nand is the father of three children. \n\nO'MEARA, MARY, journalist. She pos- \nsesses decided journalistic aptitude, which \nwould bring her into prominence, if family \nduties did not greatly limit its exercise, and \nshe is the wife of Henry O'Meara, of the \neditorial staff of the Boston \" Journal.\" Mrs. \nO'Meara, whose maiden name was Lynch, \nis a native of Boston. Her journalistic \nbeginnings were made in \" Our Young \nFolks' Magazine,\" edited by the Rev. Thomas \nScully, of Cambridge, Mass. She was mar- \nried about nine years ago. For eight years \npast she has conducted the Women's De- \npartment and the Children's Corner of the \nBoston \" Republic.\" Her work shows rare \ntaste and judgment Mrs. O'Meara is a \nvalued member of the New England \nWomen's Press Club. She is a woman of ex- \ntremely pleasing presence and generous edu- \ncation, diffident of her own gift, and always \nhappy in promoting the success of others. \n\nO'MEARA, STEPHEN, editor, born in \nCharlottetown, P.E.I., July 26, 1854. His \nfather was born in Thurles, County Tip- \nperary, Ireland, and his mother in New- \nfoundland, where his father immigrated about \n1833. He came to the United States in \n1864, and after a short residence in Braintree, \nMass., and later in Boston, located in Charles- \ntown, where he now resides. He graduated \nfrom the Harvard Grammar School in 1868, \nand .from the Charlestown High School in \n1872. The day after the latter graduation \nhe became the Charlestown reporter of the \nBoston \" Globe,\" and in October of the same \n\n\n330 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON, \n\n\nyear a reporter on the city staff, where he \nremained until December, 1874, tendering \nhis resignation at that time to accept a posi- \ntion as shorthand reporter on the Boston \n\" Journal.\" In May, 1879, he was promoted \nto the office of city editor. During his ex- \nperience as a reporter he served five years at \nnewspaper work in the Legislature, nearly \nthree years at City Hall, and' had a wide \nrange of business, law, and political report- \ning. In 1 88 1 he was advanced to the \nposition of news editor of the \" Journal,\" \nwhich post he still occupies. The duties \nof his office are entirely executive, includ- \ning the immediate direction of reporters and \ncorrespondents, and the supervision of the \nwork of all persons engaged in the collection \nand handling of news as distinguished from \npurely editorial matter, or that involving the \nexpression of the paper's opinions. In 1 88 1 \nhe was vice-president, and afterward for two \nyears president, of the Charlestown High \nSchool Association, and in 1885 delivered \nthe annual oration before that organization. \nHe was the first instructor in phonography \nat the Boston Evening High School, a posi- \ntion which he held for four years; was for- \nmerly the auditor and is now the treasurer \nof the New England Associated Press, and \nwas president of the Boston Press Club \nduring i886-'87~'88, his election each year \nbeing unanimous. In 1 888 the honorary \ndegree of Master of Arts was conferred upon \nhim by Dartmouth College. \n\nO'NEILL, CHARLES S., editor, born in \nBoston, April 15, 1853. He is the son \nof Lieut. James O'Neill, of the old \n\" Fighting Ninth,\" who was killed at \nSpottsylvania, Va., May 8, 1864, and of \nEllen C. O'Neill (nte Quinn). Young \nO'Neill was educated in the public \nschools of Sandwich, Mass., Boston, and \nSomerville. \n\nAs a boy he caught the journalistic fever, \nresulting in the publication of a little month- \nly at Somerville, called the \" Boy's Ad- \nvocate ; \" later, entered the office of the \nSomerville \"Journal,\" eventually stepping^ \n\n\nfrom the composing-room to the editorial \nstaff. He purchased in 1875 the Milford \n(Conn.) \"Telegram ; \" but after some months \nof hard work a severe and lingering illness \ncompelled the abandonment of that venture. \nReturning to Boston in 1876, he remained \nfor the succeeding two years engaged in edi- \ntorial and reportorial work on suburban \npapers, the humdrum monotony of which \nwas somewhat relieved by occasional poetic \ncontributions to the \" Pilot \" and other \npapers. In 1878 the field of operations was \nchanged to New York, but shifted again to \nBoston, near the close of that year. In 1882 \nhe became attached to the reportorial staff of \nthe Boston \" Daily Globe,\" remaining so con- \nnected for about a year. In 1884 joined the \nstaff of the \" Catholic Herald,\" then published \nin Boston, and contributed thereto serial \nsketches of all the Boston Catholic churches. \nWhen the paper's place of publication was \ntransferred to New York, went to Gotham to \ntake up the same line of work in behalf of \nNew York churches, but returned to Boston \nafter six-months' experience there. Imme- \ndiately on his return he became attached to \nthe staff of the Roxbury \" Advocate,\" leaving \nthat paper Jan. i, 1886, to become editor of \nthe \" Boston Courier.\" This position was \nsubsequently exchanged for a place on the \nstaff of the Boston \"Commonwealth.\" He \nwas later called to occupy the editorial chair \nof the \"Budget,\" in January, 1887, and he \nis the managing editor of that journal. In \nthe past he has also contributed sketches to \nthe \"Commercial Bulletin\" and \"Ballou's \nMonthly;\" poetry to the \"Pilot,\" \"Repub- \nlic,\" and New York \"Ledger.\" He has \nbeen very successful as a writer of humorous \nand satiric verse and of songs. \n\nO'NEILL, HFXEN F. By ability as a \nworker in the literary field, and with a keen \nsense of pleasing and refined humor, she has \nappropriately won \" the distinction of being \nthe only funny man in the country who is a \nwoman ! \" the honor having been conferred \nupon her by the New York \" Graphic \" in a \ncomplimentary review of her weekly column \n\n\nCHARLES S. O'NEILL. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n331 \n\n\nof humorous verse and prose which appeared \nin the Roxbury \"Advocate\" in the year 1886. \nBorn in Sandwich, Mass., Jan. 5, 1858, \nwhile quite young she removed with her \nparents to Somerville, where she attended \nthe public schools. At an early age she was \npossessed of a promising contralto voice and \nan ambition to cultivate the same. Music en- \ngaged her attention to the exclusion of literary \ndevelopment, although occasional interludes \nof writing tended to indicate the power that \nwas being kept in subjection. It was not \nuntil 1885, when convalescing from a severe \nlung affection, and finding that her sickness \nhad so impaired her voice as to necessitate \nthe abandonment of hopes previously enter- \ntained, that the literary instincts, hitherto sub- \nordinated, came to the front, — first, as a \nrecreation to relieve the tedium of convales- \ncence; then, to develop into a life-work. Dur- \ning this year poems from her pen appeared \nin numerous papers. In 1886 she contributed \nweekly to the Roxbury \" Advocate \", a col- \numn of humorous verse and prose, referred \nto above. About the same time she also \ncontributed a series of pathetic sketches \nto the Detroit \" Free Press.\" In the spring \nof 1887 she secured an engagement on the \nstaff of the Boston \" Budget,\" which position \nshe still holds. Poetry from her pen has ap- \npeared in the Detroit \" Free Press,\" Boston \n\" Pilot,\" Boston \" Courier,\" and many other \npapers. She is considered a versatile writer; \nher contributions, whether in verse or prose, \nserious or humorous, have been widely \ncopied. She is the daughter of Lieut. James \nO'Neill, of the old Ninth Mass. Vols., who \nwas killed at Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Va., \nMay 8, 1864, and of Ellen C. O'Neill (nie \nQuinn). \n\nQUINN, THOMAS C., secretary, born in \nWoburn, Mass., Aug. 24, 1864. He at- \ntended the grammar and\" high schools of \nWoburn, and after leaving school learned \nthe printer's trade in the office of the Wo- \nburn \" Advertiser.\" He subsequently acted \nas local reporter in the town, and was engaged \nby the Boston \" Globe,\" November, 1885. \n\n\nHe served as a general reporter on the staff \nof the latter paper for a while, and did some \ngood newspaper work on special assignments. \nHis creditable efforts were duly appreciated \nby the management of the \" Globe,\" and he \nwas promoted to the position of private sec- \nretary to the managing editor. In addition \nto his duties as secretary, he had charge of \nmany of the news features of the paper, \nunder the direction of his superior officer. \nIn May, 1889, he accepted the position of \nmanaging editor of the New York \" Press.\" \n\nRANKIN, EDWARD B., journalist, was born \nin Queenstown, Ireland, in December, 1846. \nHis father and mother, the former a native of \nNew York, died while their only child was \nstill in his infancy, and the boy was left to the \ncare of relatives, who shortly afterward immi- \ngrated to the United States and settled in \nBoston. His early education was received in \nthe public schools of this city, and later at \nLynn, Mass. At the latter place he employed \nhis leisure hours in learning the shoemaker's \ntrade. At the age of fourteen years, how- \never, he returned to Boston, and obtained \nemployment of E. C. Bailey, who was then \nproprietor of the \" Herald.\" After three \nyears' service he learned the printer's trade, \nand in 1 865 he received an appointment on the \nreportorial staff. In the latter position he did \ncreditable work, and in due time was pro- \nmoted to a place in the editorial department. \nDuring his employment oh the \" Herald \" he \nhas served successively as general reporter, \nspecial writer, court and city government re- \nporter, military, political, sporting, and tele- \ngraph news editor. He is at present engaged \nas a general writer, with special reference to \nathletics, aquatics, etc., and has charge of \nthat department. He was a member of the \nBoston School Committee from 1871 to 1875 \ninclusive, of the Massachusetts Legislature in \ni872-'74-'75, and was a Democratic candi- \ndate for presidential elector from the third \ndistrict in 1 880. He was a member of the \nBoard of Directors for Public Institutions, and \nis a member of the Boston Press Club, the \nOrder of Elks, Boston Athletic Association, \n\n\n332 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nCharitable Irish Society; was keeper of the \nsilver key of the latter organization in 1885, \nand its president in 1886. He is also an \nhonorary member of the Hull Yacht Club, \nand a Director of the Working Boy's Home, \nfor which institution he has been an earnest \nworker for some time past. He has been a \nprominent citizen of South Boston for the last \nfourteen years. \n\nREYNOLDS, MRS. MARGARET G., is a \npopular writer, under the nom de plume \n\" Sepperle,\" and during recent years has \nwon a prominent position as an author \nand literary worker. Her writings display a \nremarkable clearness of forethought, care- \nfully prepared moral instruction, and are \ninterestingly magnetic in construction. \n\nMrs. Reynolds is a. native of Pawtucket, \nR.I. The little cottage in which she was \nborn, and which now stands a ruin on the \nProvidence pike, was built by her father, an \nearly settler, who cleared the wilderness \naround it and cultivated the land. Her \nfirst impulse to write came while seated on \nthe door-step of her home after school hours, \nreading Jane Porter's \"Scottish Chiefs.\" \nHer first story was written during a week \nof midnight sittings at the north window \nof her room, the moonlight presentment \nforming the theme of her sketch. In 1870 \nshe removed to Boston, where she took up \nher pen for earnest work, and her first Bos- \nton story — \" All's Well that Ends Well \" — \nappeared in what was then the mart for be- \nginners, Dow's \" Waverly Magazine.\" Other \nperiodicals were written for in rapid succes- \nsion. The \" Young Crusaders \" — a juvenile \nmagazine now out of the field — encouraged \nher work with prompt payment, supplying \nillustrations, to which she wrote many stories \nfor the young. The \" Irish World \" then \naccepted her contributions, and awarded her \nhigh rates for temperance and emigrant \nsketches. She has also written for the \nBoston \"Journal,\" \"Transcript,\" \" Record,\" \n\" Sunday Times,\" and \" Globe ; \" but her \ngreatest success is thought to have been a \nlong serial, \" Corogyne Chronicles,\" which \n\n\nappeared in the New York \" Freeman's \nJournal,\" and which will be reproduced in \nbook form at an early date. That paper, in \ncommenting upon the serial, said : \" The \nplot and construction of this powerfully \ndramatic work runs out of the beaten track \ninto a field of originality peculiarly the \nauthor's own. The strong moral motive \nunderlying the plot culminates in startling \nstrength at the close, the author's intention \nevidently being to lay a moral ambush, into \nwhich the reader wanders through a maze \nof thrilling mystery, and stumbles unawares. \nEvery line of the story scintillates with a \nrare phase of genius, and if dramatized \nwould make a play richly suited to the stage \nenterprise of Catholic Lyceums.\" She is \nnow engaged upon a second serial, \" Weep- \ning Rock.\" The subject of the story is a \nhigh cliff rising close to the windows of her \nrecent home in Whitney place, and which, \nin sunshine as well as in storm, drips with \nmoisture. The vein of the story, the chief \nscenes of which are laid in Roxbury, goes to \nprove why the rock wept. \n\nMrs. Reynolds is of Irish parentage, an \nardent Catholic, and much of her writing is \npervaded with a deeply religious spirit \n\nROCHE, JAMES JEFFREY, assistant editor of \nthe Boston \" Pilot,\" and poet, born in Queens \nCounty, Ireland, May 31, 1847, a most auspi- \ncious soil for a poet. Through his father, \nEdward Roche, Esq., an able mathematician \nand scholar, still living and occupying the \noffice of Provincial Librarian inPrince Edward \nIsland, he inherits the literary quality domi- \nnant in his temperament and his art. The \nfamily settled in Prince Edward Island in the \nsame year. The boy was educated by his \nfather, and later in St. Dunstan's College. \nHere, at the age of fifteen, foreshadowing \nhis career, he turned journalist, and proudly \nedited the college weekly \" unto the urn and \nashes \" of its infant end. His youth had a \nfair share of spirited adventure, an encounter- \ning of odd characters and scenes, a sharp \nobservance of events, and a close, rapid, hon- \nest, mental life. In 1866 he strolled alone \n\n\nHELEN F. O'NEIL \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n333 \n\n\ninto the open gates of Boston, fell into the \nclutches of commerce, and prospered there; \nyet with revertings thenceforward to litera- \nture, his early love and first unconscious \nchoice, keeping up, in print, a running fire of \nthe arch, absurd, unique humor which has \nsince given his name its note. Already mar- \nried, in 1883 he shifted into his natural \nposture, and became assistant editor of the \nBoston \" Pilot,\" a position entirely to his \nmind, which he still fills. A man of activity, \neminently social, interested in all public mat- \nters, sensitive and independent, he has done, \nwithout any premeditation, much energetic \nand brilliant work, of which a \" History of \nthe Filibusters in Spanish America,\" a novel, \nand a drama are yet in manuscript In 1 886 \nhe published \" Songs and Satires,\" a distinct \nsuccess, and an earnest of healthful and un- \nhurried growth. \n\nNothing injures Mr. Roche's fun so much \nas his seriousness. When a throat is able to \ngive out a ringing bass song of sport or war, \nwe cease to demand falsetto of it, however \nquaint and dexterous. It is, perhaps, an un- \nhappy gift, this of divided skill, for it some- \ntimes necessitates a pause, an adjustment, a \nchoice. It is a grim truth that the humorous \nhas no place on the top peaks of Parnassus : \nto be great, one must be grave. But Mr. \nRoche, of all men, can afford to let his \nlighter talent, exquisite as it is in kind, go by, \nso long as he can throw into his metrical nar- \nratives the same keenness and decisiveness of \nthought, the same life and grace of phrase, \nwhich have glorified his cap-and-bells. \nSomething in the generous and sympathetic \nair of to-day has colored his verses, ever and \nanon, with a light, humanitarian and revolu- \ntionary; but his protests, made as they are of \nbeautiful philosophy, come from him with an \nodd grace only, and belie Timon's part with a \nlook of Mercutio. A poet, as a poet merely, \nhad best sing out his unregenerated music \nand leave great causes alone, unless they \nhave overwhelmed him of his nature and \ntheir own will. The witty secretary of the \nPapyrus Club is undedicated, however he \nshould deny it, and liegeman to no theory \n\n\nat heart. He sends his gallant and unbook- \nish fancies on profane errands, — \n\n\" Some to the wars, to seek their fortune there, \nSome to discover islands far away.\" \n\nMr. Roche is, first, a scrivener and chron- \nicler, utterly impersonal, full of joy in deeds, \na discerner between the expedient and the \neverlasting right, wholly fitted to throw into \nenduringsong some of the simple heroisms of \nour American annals. ' We bid fair to have \nin him an admirable ballad-writer, choosing \ninstinctively and from affection \" that which \nlieth nearest,\" and saying it with truth and \nzest. His muse, like himself, is happy in her \nplace and time; none too much at the mercy \nof sentiment : coming through sheer intelli- \ngence to the conclusion of fools, and going \nher unvexed gypsy ways with an \"All's \nwell ! \" ever on her lips. \n\nL. I. G. \n\nThe sympathetic little poem, \"Androm- \neda,\" is one of Mr. Roche's creations. It is \nfull of fine feeling and expression. \n\nANDROMEDA. \n\nThey chained her fair young- body to the cold and \n\ncruel stone; \nThe beast begot of sea and slime had marked her \n\nfor his own; \nThe callous world beheld the wrong, and left her \n\nthere alone. \nBase caitiffs who belied her, false kinsmen who \n\ndenied her, \n\nYe left her there alone ! \n\nMy Beautiful, they left thee in thy peril and thy \n\npain; \nThe night that hath no morrow was brooding on \n\nthe main : \nBut lo! a light is breaking of hope for thee \n\nag\"in; \n'Tis Perseus' sword a-flaming, thy dawn of day \n\nproclaiming \n\nAcross the western main. \nO Ireland ! O my country ! he comes to break thy \n\nchain 1 \n\n\nSAUNDERS, DANIEL J., reporter, born in \nBoston, Feb. 23, 1860. He is of Irish parent- \nage, and was educated in the public schools, \nHe became employed by the Boston \" Globe \" \n\n\n334 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nas office-boy about eleven years ago. After \ntwo and one-half years of service he was \npromoted to the position of reporter, and \nwas engaged in reporting criminal work \ntill September, 1888, when he was trans- \nferred to the sporting department, and is now \ndoing general sporting work. He has done \ngood service as a news-gatherer for the \npaper. The district attorney of Suffolk \nCounty made an effort, a few .years ago, to \nhave him imprisoned because he would not \ninform the Grand Jury where he . received \nhis information of the confession, by a man \nin New Mexico, of having killed Lane at \nDorchester. The attempt to punish, how- \never, was unsuccessful. He , was correspon- \ndent of the New York \"World\" and St. \nLouis \" Republican \".for over two years. He \nfigured prominently with other reporters, a \nshort time ago, in the investigation of Chief \nInspector Hanscom before the Police Com- \nmissioners. During his newspaper experience \nhe has been engaged in many notable cases, \ni- • .-.v \"•-» . . \n\nTAYLOR, ALBERT M., reporter, born in. \nBoston, Mass., Feb. 20, 1866. Attended the \npublic schools' until 1879. Entered the \noffice of the Boston \" Daily Globe \" as a space \nwriter. He is now a reporter of day locals. \n\nTAYLOR, JOHN N., sporting editor of the \nBoston \" Daily Globe,\" born in Hallowell, \nMe., Sept. 23, 1859. He is a graduate from \nthe Hallowell Classical and Scientific Acad- \nemy, and was a telegraph operator in Hal- \nlowell, later operated at the Western Union \nTelegraph Company's office in Boston for \ntwo years. Thence he entered the \" Globe \" \noffice as the press operator, in which capacity \nhe was employed during four years. He \nsoon did reportorial work, was promoted to \nthe position of assistant night editor, and \nsubsequently advanced to his present posi- \ntion. He is recognized by newspaper men \nas an enterprising journalist of ready re- \nsources, and has many times won applause \nfrom the journalistic fraternity for his bold \nand successful methods of getting news. \nHis reputation as a receiver of press de- \n\n\nspatches is one of the best in the country, \nfor at one sitting he \"took\" 27,500 words \nof news. The wire was acknowledged by all \noperators to be the \" hottest\" in the United \nStates. Patrick Ayers, Bob Martin, Frank \nKlein, and Mr. Waugh manipulated the New \nYork end of the wire at the time. Mr. \nTaylor did effective service, while night editor \nof the \" Globe,\" by his rapid work in going to \nFarmington, Me., in October, 1886, at the time \nof the big fire in that town, and sending to the \n\" Sunday Globe \" the only account published \noutside of a few local papers in Maine. \n\nHis knowledge of telegraphy served him \nwell on this trip. In the spring of 1887 the \nyacht races between the \" Volunteer,\" \" Pur- \nitan,\" \" Priscilla,\" and \" Mayflower \" excited \nthe curiosity of the country, and the Boston \njournals were eager to command the news \nfor this section. Competition was lively \namong the representatives of the different \nBoston newspapers. There were only two \nwires from Boston to Marblehead Neck. The \nBoston \" Herald \" had full control of one, \nand the \"Associated Press\" of the other. \nIt was said that the \" Globe \" would fail to get \nthe news. Mr. Taylor was assigned to the \ndiscouraging task of obtaining the details of \nthe race, and thus uphold the reputation \nof his paper. He began work the night be- \nfore the race, hired a telephone wire, bor- \nrowed a sufficient amount of battery, made \na telegraph circuit of it, and not only saved \nhis paper from loss of news, but sent his re- \nport ahead of all other papers in the city on \nthe start and finish of the race. Again, dur- \ning the famous yacht race between the \" Vol- \nunteer \" and \" Thistle,\" he extended the wire \nfrom the editorial room to a platform in \nfront of the building, and had it put through \nto Sandy Hook, defeating the other Boston \npapers all the way from five minutes to half \nan hour on bulletins. He was made sport- \ning editor in April, 1888. His first notable \nwork in that department was on the arrival \nfrom Europe of Mr. John L. Sullivan. Mr. \nTaylor laid in wait in a tug, outside the Bos- \nton light, for two days, and was the first per- \nson to shake hands with the famous pugilist, \n\n\nMARGARET G REYNOLDS. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n335 \n\n\nand telegraph sighting of ship from Hull, and \nhe arrived in this city while the Cunarder got \nquarantine. As Mr. Taylor was leaving the \ntug at Rowe's wharf for the \" Globe \" office, \nother Boston reporters were just departing \nfrom Commercial wharf for quarantine. At \neight o'clock A.M. the first edition of the \n\" Globe \" was issued, and two hours later \nthe second extra edition appeared, containing \nMr. Taylor's interview -with the champion, \nwhich was of much interest to many Bosto- \nnians. This second edition was sold on the \nstreet as Mr. Sullivan and his party drove by \nthe \"Globe\" office in a carriage. The \nother papers' reports came out four and \none-half hours later. Mr. Taylor has suc- \ncessfully managed the \"Globe's\" famous \nnewsboy's base- ball team. He is an old \nball player and all-round athlete. \n\nWRIGHT, JOHN B., journalist, born in \nCharlestown, Mass., in February, 1854. He \nwas left an orphan when but a mere lad, and \nbecame theprotegt of a friend, who encour- \naged him substantially, sent him to school, \nand he graduated from the Warren Grammar \nSchool at Charlestown. He entered the \nCharlestown Navy Yard to learn the black- \nsmith's trade, and while at work there he had \nthe fingers of one hand crushed by a heavy \nsledge, which necessitated the amputation of \none finger. While in service at the Navy \nYard he studied phonography, and grew very \nproficient in that branch of knowledge. After \nfive years and a half of labor at the Navy \nYard, Mr. Wright entered upon his career as \na newspaper man, and commenced to gather \nnews for the Charlestown \" Advertiser \" early \nin the seventies. Following his journalistic \nbent, his activity led him to become a member \nof the reportorial staff of the Boston \" Daily \nNews,\" and he won distinction among his \nassociates on that paper. The demise of the \n\" Daily News \" caused Mr. Wright to transfer \nhis work to the Woonsocket \" Patriot,\" where \nhe performed the duties of editor, as well as \ncovering all the reportorial fields known to a \nfirst-class or all-round journalist. In 1876 \nhe joined the reportorial staff of the Boston \n\n\n\" Herald,\" and for a period often years he and \nhis friend and brother journalist, Mr. Thomas \nF. Keen an, were identified with many leading \nand important events connected with their \npaper. Mr. Wright's capabilities have been \nevinced frequently in the handling of criminal \nmatters requiring much tact and great deli- \ncacy. His political articles have often com- \nmanded words of praise, which is due to his \nactive interest in and knowledge of public \naffairs. During General Butler's campaigns, \nbeginning in 1878, and up to the close of \n1884, Mr. Wright accompanied the general \nthroughout the field, faithfully reporting the \nincidents and speeches for the Boston \" Her- \n' aid.\" He wrote the vivid pen-pictures of the \nMechanics' Hall Convention for the Boston \n\" Herald,\" and the Boston \" Herald \" men \nbeing the only reporters inside the hall up to \neight o'clock on that memorable morning, \nthey sent columns of news over the wires to \nthe \" Herald.\" In 1883, while General But- \nler was governor, Mr. Wright's fealty was \nrecognized by him, and the general appointed \nhim to the position of assistant private secre- \ntary. At the close of General Butler's term \nof office Mr. Wright returned to his post on \nthe \" Herald,\" where he now remains, filling \nthe position of assistant city editor. His \nfluent pen is never idle, and many Bostonians \nhave read his correspondence under the \nnom de plume of the \" Sentinel at the Outer \nGate.\" He did excellent work on the Costley \nand Jennie Clarke murder cases, and over a \nyear ago unmasked the Peter Frub Faculty, \notherwise known as the Druid University of \nMaine. In prosecution of this exposure Mr. \nWright had the degree of M.D. conferred \non him by the \" Druids.\" His utter dislike \nfor hypocrisy and sham and his manly con- \nduct on all occasions have won him the es- \nteem of the community. He is wedded to \ndomestic life, and his estimable wife is a sister \nof Col. Chas. H. Taylor, of the Boston \" Daily \nGlobe,\" and also Mr. Nathaniel H. Taylor, \nprivate secretary to ex-Mayor O'Brien. Mr. \nWright was for many years an active member \nof the Volunteer Fire Department of old \nCharlestown. He comes from Dublin ancestry. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES \n\n\nPAST AND PRESENT MEMBERS OF THE \nPUBLIC SERVICE. \n\n\nSKETCHES OF PAST AND PRESENT MEMBERS \nOF THE PUBLIC SERVICE. \n\n\nTHE town of Boston was established by the passage of the \norder of the Court of Assistants on the i/th Sept. [/th \nO.S.], 1630. \n\nThe first city government was organized on the ist of May, \n1822. Roxbury was first recognized by the Court of Assistants as a \ntown on the 8th Oct., 1630. It was incorporated as a city on the I2th \nMarch, 1846, and annexed to Boston 6th Jan., 1868; accepted 9th \nSept. Dorchester was named by the Court of Assistants in the same \norder in which Boston was named ; and it retained its town organi- \nzation until annexed to Boston on the 3d Jan., 1870; accepted 22d \nJune. Charlestown was founded 4th July, 1629; incorporated as a \ncity in 1847; annexed to Boston, 5th Jan., 1874; accepted, 7th Oct. \nWest Roxbury was incorporated as a town on the 24th March, 1851 ; \nannexed to Boston on 5th Jan., 1874; accepted, 7th Oct. Brighton \nwas incorporated as a town in 1806; annexed to Boston on the 5th \nJan., 1874; accepted, 7th Oct. \n\nORATORS OF BOSTON \n\nAppointed by the public authorities on the Anniversary of the Boston Massacre, \n\nMarch j, 1770. \n\n1774. HON. JOHN HANCOCK. \n1783. THOMAS WELSH, M.D. \n\nORATORS OF BOSTON \n\nAppointed by the public authorities on the Anniversary of the National Inde- \npendence, July 4, 1776. \n\n1803. HON. WILLIAM SULLIVAN. \n\n1808. ANDREW RITCHIE. \n\n1883. REV. H. BERNARD CARPENTER. \n\n1885. THOMAS J. GARGAN. \n\n(339) \n\n\n340 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nSELECTMEN OF THE TOWN OF BOSTON FROM 1634 TO 1 82 1. \n\nThe earliest entry preserved in the Town Records is dated Sept. \nI, 1634, and a board often citizens were in office at that date. Even \nat this early period there were men of Irish birth holding positions \nof honor and trust in the city government. \n\nThese gentlemen held office as follows : — \n\nOct. 6, 1634. RICHARD BELLINGHAM and JOHN COGGAN or \nCOGAN. \n\nApril 29, 1639. JOHN COGAN reflected. \n\nDec. 1 6, 1639. JOHN COGAN reflected. WILLIAM HIBBENS \nelected. \n\nSept. 28, 1640. COGAN, BELLINGHAM, and HIBBENS chosen, \nwith five others. \n\nMarch 20, 1642-43. BELLINGHAM and HIBBENS elected. \n\nSept. 25, 1643. Same two reelected. \n\nMay 17, 1644. HIBBENS reelected. \n\nApril 10, 1645. Same reelected. \n\nDec. 26, 1645. Same reelected. \n\nWILLIAM PADDY, 1655 to 1658. \n\nTHOMAS HANCOCK, 1740 to 1746; 1748 to 1753. \n\nIn 1640, WILLIAM HIBBENS was the Town Treasurer. \n\nASSESSORS. \n\nTHOMAS C. AMORY, 1827. \nJAMES RITCHIE, 1870. \nJOHN J. MURPHY, 1885. \nJOHN M. MAGUIRE, 1885. \n\nJOSEPH O'KANE has been the Clerk of the Common Council \nsince 1885. \n\nFIRE DEPARTMENT. \n\nTHOMAS C. AMORY was Chief Engineer in 1829. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 341 \n\nSUPERINTENDENT OF STREETS. \n\n1883. JAMES J. FLYNN.* \n\n1884. MICHAEL MEEHAN.* \n1886. JOHN W. MCDONALD .* \n\nSUPERINTENDENT OF LAMPS. \n\n1883, 1885 to 1888. HUGH J. TOLAND. \n\nThe City Architect in 1883 and 1888 was CHARLES J. BATEMAN. \n\nOUR MAYORS. \n\n1878. HENRY L. PIERCE, who is of Irish descent, born in \nStoughton, Mass., Aug. 23, 1825. \n\n1885 to 1889. HUGH O'BRIEN, born in Ireland, July 13, 1827. \n\n1888. THOMAS NORTON HART, of Irish descent, born in \nNorth Reading in 1829. He came to Boston in 1842. \n\nTHE CITY GOVERNMENT OF BOSTON, ORGANIZED IN 1 822. \n\nThe names of the men of Irish birth and descent who have been \nmembers of the Board of Aldermen and members of the Common \nCouncil are given below : — \n\nALDERMEN. \n\n1825. DANIEL CARNEY. \n\n1825. THOMAS WELSH, Jr. \n\n1826. DANIEL CARNEY. \n\n1826. THOMAS WELSH, Jr. \n\n1827. THOMAS WELSH, Jr. \n1827. JEREMIAH SMITH BOIES. \n\n1 Died, 1884. \n\n* From July 21, 1884, to Aug. 3, 1885. \n\n* From August, 1885, to 1888. \n\n\n342 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n1859-63, inclusive. THOMAS COFFIN AMORY, Jr. \n\n1870. CHRISTOPHER AUGUSTUS CONNOR. \n\n1872-75, inclusive. JAMES POWER. \n\nl875» '76, '77, '79, '80, '8 1, '83. HUGH O'BRIEN. \n\n1877. JOHN E. FITZGERALD. \n\n1879-81. JAMES JOSEPH FLYNN. \n\n1882. THOMAS NORTON HART. \n\n1883. THOMAS HENRY DEVLIN. \n1883. PAUL HENRY KENDRICKEN. \n\n1883. WILLIAM JOSEPH WELCH. \n\n1884. JAMES H. NUGENT. \n\n1884. JOHN W. MCDONALD. \n\n1885. PATRICK J. DONOVAN. \n1885. WILLIAM J. WELCH. \n1885. THOMAS N. HART. \n1885. JEREMIAH H. MULLANE. \n\n1885. JAMES H. NUGENT. \n\n1886. PATRICK J. DONOVAN. \n1886. MICHAEL BARR. \n1886. JOHN H. SULLIVAN. \n1886. THOMAS N. HART. \n1886. WILLIAM P. CARROLL. \n\n1886. PATRICK JAMES MAGUIRE. \n\n1887. PATRICK J. DONOVAN. \n1887. JOHN H. SULLIVAN. \n1887. JOHN A. MCLAUGHLIN. \n1887. WILLIAM P. CARROLL. \n1887. PATRICK JAMES MAGUIRE. \n\n1887. JOHN H. LEE. \n\n1888. PHILIP J. DOHERTY. \n1888. JOHN A. MCLAUGHLIN. \n\n1888. WILLIAM P. CARROLL, to Jan. 28, 1888. \n\n1888. JOHN C. SHORT. \n\n1888. JAMES A. MURPHY, from Feb. 21, 1888. Spe- \n\ncial electron. \n\n1889. JOHN C. SHORT. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n343 \n\n\n1889. JAMES A. MURPHY. \n1889. PHILIP J. DOHERTY. \n1889. JOHN A. MCLAUGHLIN. \n\nCITY CLERK. \n1887-88. JOSEPH H. O'NEiL. \n\nMany efforts were made to obtain sketches of all the past and \npresent members of the public service, but for lack of data and on \naccount of the slowness of many persons to furnish information, \nsome sketches are omitted necessarily. However, a full and com- \nplete list of the names of the councilmen is given, with the dates of \ntheir service where no sketch appears. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\nAMORY, THOMAS C., the distinguished \nlawyer, scholar, and author. He is a grad- \nuate of Harvard University, of the class of \n1830, which numbered Charles Sumner \namong its members. He has been active in \nthe affairs of the Boston Provident Asso- \nciation and of the Episcopal Church, and \nhas also taken much interest in the Massa- \nchusetts Historical Society, of both of which \nhe is a member. About 1 885 or 1 886 he pub- \nlished a pamphlet vindicating his ancestor, \nGen. John Sullivan, from the charges of \nthe historian Bancroft. He is the author of a \nvaluable work, \" The Transfer of Erin.\" He \nhus done honor to a name which has long \nbeen prominent in the high social, intellectual \nlife of Boston. His valuable services ren- \ndered to the city of Boston while he was a \nmember of the city government are inesti- \nmable. In the years of 1836, '37, '38, '39, \n'40, '41, he was a member of the Common \nCouncil. Thomas C. Amory, Jr., was chair- \nman of the Board of Alderman in 1863, and \nhad served as a member of the Board during \nthe years 1859, '60, '61, '62, and '63. \n\nBAGLEY, FRANK E., clerk, born hi Bos- \nton, Nov. 10, 1857. Graduated at the Old \nWinthrop School, of Charlestown, in 1873, \n\n\nand afterward became clerk in a brush store \ntill 1 88 1. About that time he engaged as \nlaborer for the Philadelphia Steamship Com- \npany, and in 1 885 was promoted to his present \nposition as receiving-clerk. He is treasurer \nof the St. Francis de Sales Y.M.TA. Society, \nand president of the Druids. He was a \nmember of the Common Council from Ward \n3 in 1888-89. \n\nBARR, MICHAEL, truckman, born in Ire- \nland in 1836. He was educated in the \nnational schools of his native place. At \nthe age of fourteen he became a youthful \n.contractor, and in January, 1855, immigrated \nto America, landing in New York, but finally \nsettled in Boston, where he has since been \nlocated. He has followed the business of \ntruckman for twenty-four years. He was \na member of the Common Council in 1876- \n83, and represented the Third District in \nthe Aldermanic Chamber during 1886. \n\nBARRY, DAVID F., salesman in the whole- \nsale paper warehouse of Marshall, Son, & \nCo., of this city, where he has been employed \nfor the past sixteen years; born in Boston in \n1852. He graduated from the Quincy Gram- \nmar School with the class of 1867. During \n\n\n344 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nhis boyhood he was ambitious to acquire a \nknowledge of the advanced studies, and de- \nvoted his evenings and spare hours during \nthe day to reading. Mr. Barry met with the \nfavor of the Democratic party in 1879, when \nhe was elected a member of the Common \nCouncil, and served in that branch of the \ncity government for nine years. He was \npresident of the Council two years, 1887-88. \nMr. Barry's services on committee work have \nalways been of great value to the city, and \nthey covered nearly all of the different and \nseveral committees appointed to supervise \nand execute matters pertaining to the prog- \nress and development of Boston. \n\nPresident Barry was a firm and constant \nfriend of the members of the Grand Army \nof the Republic; they have attested their \nbelief in his sincerity and his good deeds on \ntheir behalf on many occasions. John A. \nAndrew Post 15 presented an elegant gold \nwatch and chain to him on Jan. 25, 1888, \nas a practical avowal of regard. \n\nHe assisted in entertaining President \nCleveland when he visited Boston accom- \npanied by his wife, and he also was \nappointed one of a committee to extend \ncourtesies to Queen Kapiolani upon her \narrival in this city, * in recognition of the \nfavorable and friendly business relations then \nexisting between (he merchants of the Sand- \nwich Islands and those of Boston. \n\nCouncilman Barry was reSlected to the \nlower branch of the city government for \n1887. He is the son of David Barry (now \ndeceased), who was well known to the \nIrish people of Boston over forty years \nago. The latter carried on the business of \na wheelwright and shipwright in East Boston, \nin 1845, enlisted in the United States volun- \nteer service and went to the Mexican War. \nAbout 1849 ne moved to the city proper, and \nestablished his business on Cove street, \nwhere it flourished for seventeen years. \nThence he removed to Castle street with his \nfamily, which consisted of two sons and \na daughter. The latter died at sixteen years \nof age. Councilman Barry's father was an \nactive participant in the benevolent and \n\n\npolitical duties of the citizens of his day, \nparticularly those which were designed to aid \nhis countrymen. He was one of the com- \nmittee of one hundred who formed an \nassociation for the naturalization of Irishmen \nin Boston during Know-nothing times, in \n1856. \n\nBARRY, EDWARD P.1 \n\nBARRY, JAMES J., assistant inspector of \nbuildings, born at London, England, of Irish \nparents, Aug. II, 1851. He immigrated to \nBoston in 1857. He studied at the Boston \npublic schools until 1865. He was appren- \nticed to the mason's trade in 1867, which \nhe followed until Oct. I, 1 880, when he was \nappointed to his present position of inspector. \nHe was first assistant assessor in 1880, and \nserved in the Common Council, representing \nWard 22, during the years 1877, '78, '79. \nHe has been actively identified with military \naffairs, and he is considered an excellent \ndisciplinarian, tactician, and an efficient offi- \ncer. He is a member of Company C, Ninth \nMassachusetts Volunteer Militia, and has \nbeen captain of that well-known company. \n\nBARRY, PATRICK T., merchant tailor, born \nin Charlestown, March 17, 1856. He at- \ntended the Prescott Grammar School until \nnine years of age, when he became employed \nin a dry-goods store as cash-boy. He after- \nwards worked at various occupations until \nhe engaged in the tailoring business in 1885, \non his own account He is now a member \nof the firm of Barry & Brown, merchant \ntailors. He represented Ward 3 as a Demo- \ncrat in the Legislature of 1884-85, is presi- \ndent of St. Mary's Temperance Society, \ntreasurer of St. Francis de Sales Society, and \na member of the Royal Arcanum. \n\nBELFORD, CHARLES A., restaurateur, born \nin Brighton, Mass., Oct. 19, 1830. In 1835 \nhe removed with his parents to Fort Hill \nsquare, and in 1838 to Roxbury, where he \n\ni See Journalists. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n345 \n\n\nhas since resided. He graduated from the \nEliot Grammar School in 1848; afterward \nengaged with his father in the nursery busi- \nness. He entered the customs service in \n1857, and remained till 1861; was subse- \nquently conductor on the Metropolitan Rail- \nroad. From 1864 to 1874 he filled the posi- \ntion of chief engineer of the Roxbury Fire \nDepartment, at a salary of $2,100 per year. \nThis office was abolished at the time of the \nRoxbury annexation. At the reorganization \nof the department he introduced steam-en- \ngines instead of the hand- machines. \n\nHe is a member of the Charitable Irish \nSociety and Young Men's Catholic Associa- \ntion. \n\nBENT, JAMES, Democrat, born in County \nWexford, Ireland, Nov. 2, 1837. Died Feb- \nruary, 1889. In 1846 he came to this coun- \ntry. He received a public-school education; \nlearned the shoe business, but later changed \nhis occupation. In 1869 he was an inspector \nof voters; in 1871, a member of the Demo- \ncratic Ward and City Committee ; represented \nWard 2 in the Common Council of 1874-75, \nand was one of the organizers of the North \nEnd Fishing Club. \n\nBISHOP, ROBERT, cotton-waste manufact- \nurer, born at County Limerick, Ireland, \nJune, 1838. He came to Boston with his \nparents in 1840, and was sent to the Boston \npublic schools when seven years of age. He \nleft school without completing the full gram- \nmar-school course, and was apprenticed to \nMessrs. Wright & Hasty, printers, with \nwhom he remained until 1860; he entered \nHoly Cross College, at Worcester, Mass., \nunder the rectorship of Rev. Fr. Champi, \nS.J. He studied two years at the college, \nwhen sickness compelled him to withdraw. \nIn 1863 he engaged in the cotton-waste busi- \nness for himself, with a very small capital \n(not more than two hundred dollars) . By \nhis arduous labor and exceptionally fine \nmanagement the capital was increased, and \nthe business was developed to its present large \nproportions. Mr. Bishop's annual volume of \n\n\nimport and export trade amounts to over \n1750,000. His pay-roll foots up a weekly \npayment of $1,200. He manufactures rail- \nroad waste and wadding for domestic trade \nin his large establishments at South Boston, \nwhich comprises a main factory building \n202 X 45 feet, a store-house, 100 X 60 feet, \nand a sorting-house, 100 X 80 feet These \nbuildings are on three streets ; namely, Sixth, \nSeventh, and Tudor. The assessed value of \nhis real and personal property covers about \n$300,000. In 1868 and 1870 he was a \nDemocratic member of the Common Council. \n\nBONNER, DENNIS, teamster, born in Done- \ngal, Ireland, in January, 1821. He was edu- \ncated in the schools of his native place, and \nimmigrated to this country in 1842, and \nlocated in Boston, where he has since re- \nsided. Since 1845 he has been in business \nas a teamster. He represented old Ward I \n(now Ward 2) in the Common Council of \n1862, '63, '70, '71, and in the Legislature of \n1873-74. He was a member of the Charita- \nble Irish Society for about ten years. \n\nBOYLE, JOHN J., salesman, born in Boston, \nJuly 4, 1848. He attended the Phillips \nSchool, and went to work when twelve years \nof age. He was first employed at the paint- \ning trade. In 1861 he became connected \nwith Cutter, Tower, & Co., stationers, and \nshortly afterward engaged with A. Storrs in \nCornhill, later A. Storrs Bement Company, \nand has been with them ever since, serving \nin various capacities, from errand-boy to his \npresent position as head clerk and salesman. \nHe represented Ward 8 in the Common \nCouncil of 1881, '82, '83. He was at one \ntime first lieutenant Company A, Ninth Regi- \nment; is now captain of Montgomery Vet- \neran Association, having been elected three \nyears; and a member of the Catholic Order \nof Foresters, Charitable Irish Society, Royal \nOrder Good Fellows, and Knights of St. \nRose. \n\nBRADY, THOMAS M., superintendent of \nmarble work, born in Boston, Nov. 28, 1849. \n\n\n346 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON, \n\n\nHe graduated as a Franklin medal scholar \nfrom the Eliot School in 1 866, and afterward \nattended the English High School and the \nInstitute of Technology, where he learned \nthe principles of architecture and drawing. \nHe later served an apprenticeship at the \nmarble business with Arioch Wentworth, and \nsubsequently acted in the capacity of fore- \nman. About this time he became a resident \nof Somerville, and served two years in the \nCommon Council of that city. He was for \nsix years president of Division 17, A.O.H., \nand for several years president of the local \nbranch of the Irish Land League, and treas- \nurer of the Democratic Ward and City Com- \nmittee. After marriage he removed to South \nBoston, and interested himself in the Irish \nNational League. He was elected president \nof the Municipal Council, I.N.L., of Boston, \nand was appointed by National President \nPatrick Egan to the office of State Executive \nfor Massachusetts, upon the retirement of \nThomas Flatley, in which capacity he led the \nMassachusetts delegation to the Chicago \nConvention of 1886. He gave much time \nto public speeches in this vicinity in favor of \nhome rule for Ireland. In 1877 he \naccepted his present position as superintend- \nent of the American Marble Company, \nMarietta, Ga. On Nov. 28, 1887, he was \ntendered a farewell banquet at the Parker \nHouse, at which John Boyle O'Reilly pre- \nsided, and Hon. P. A. Collins and others in- \nterested in the Irish cause were present. \n\nBRAWLEY, JOHN P., assistant clerk of \ncommittees of the city government, Boston, \nMass.; born in Roxbury, Mass., Aug. 29, \n1849. He graduated from the Comins Gram- \nmar School, 1 86 1, and studied for three years \nafter at the English High School. He went \ninto the wholesale millinery business with \nJ. W. Plympton & Co., as clerk, and later \nacted in the capacity of book-keeper until \n1873, when he engaged with his father in the \nbuilding business. He was a member of the \nCommon Council in 1878-79. He intro- \nduced an important order to revise and im- \nprove the financial system of the city in \n\n\nregard to large loans and the methods of \nborrowing and accounting for the city's \nmoney. He insisted that premiums on loans, \nas well as the principal, belonged to the city, \nand should be accounted for and not expended \nfor any purpose without an order from the \nCity Council. The measure met with a strong \nopposition, but was passed finally. He dis- \nplayed good business tact while purchasing- \nagent for the Improved Sewerage Works \nduring 1879 and 1880. \n\nHe was a clerk in the City Registrar's \noffice in iSSi. He was appointed to bis pres- \nent position, October, 1885. \n\nBREEN, DANIEL F., elected to serve in the \nCommon Council for the year 1889. \n\nBRENNAN, DANIEL F., clerk, born in Kan- \nturk, County Cork, Ireland, Feb. 3, 1844. He \nreceived a common-school education. Dur- \ning the Civil War he served in the Forty-third \nMassachusetts Regiment, and afterward in \nthe United States Navy. He represented \nWard 13 in the Legislature of 1882. He was \none of the first assistant assessors of the city \nof Boston during 1 888. \n\nBURKE, MICHAEL H., inspector in the \nsewer department, born in Boston, July 15, \n1856. He was educated in the public schools \nof this city. He was a member of the House \nof Representatives of 1 886. He is one of \nthe active young Democrats of the vicinity. \n\nBURKE, WILLIAM J., steam-boiler maker, \nborn in St. John's, N.B., of Irish parentage, \nNovember, 1837. He came to this country with \nhis parents when only six months old. He was \neducated in the public schools of Boston. \nDuring the war he was foreman for James A. \nMaynard & Co., afterwards he worked for the \nErie Basin Iron Works of Brooklyn, N.Y., \nand later he had charge of the boiler depart- \nment of the Beach Iron Works. He next went \ninto business under the firm name of McBride \n& Co., and subsequently under his own name. \nHe was a member of the Common Council \nof 1876, '77, and '78, from Ward 2; he was \nconnected with the Boston Democratic City \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n347 \n\n\nCommittee for seven years, beginning in 1876. \nHe was elected to the General Court of 1879, \n'8 1, and '82. In the latter year he was ap- \npointed by John S. Damrell as inspector of \nelevators in the department for the survey \nand inspection of buildings, and was con- \nfirmed by Mayor Green. In 1887 the Board \nof Directors of East Boston Ferries, appre- \nciating his ability, offered him his present \nposition as superintendent of ferries. In \nFebruary, 1887, he was appointed by Secretary \nWhitney as civilian expert, to examine candi- \ndates for the position of master blacksmith, \nmaster sail-maker, and foreman galley-maker \nat the Charlestown Navy Yard. He is a \nprominent Democrat, and resides in East \nBoston. \n\nBUTLER, THOMAS C., hotel keeper, born \nin Bandon, County Cork, Ireland, Jan. 6, \n1842. He came to this country with his \nparents when two years of age, and located \nin Boston, where he has since resided. He \nwas educated in the public schools of this \ncity, and has been for many years engaged \nin the hotel business. He took an active \ninterest in aquatic matters early in life, \nand for several years was a prominent \noarsman. In 1868 and 1869 he held the \nsingle-scull championship of New Eng- \nland. He has been instrumental in bringing \nmany oarsmen into prominence, has a very \nextended knowledge of aquatics, was the \nfirst to introduce the \" working boat,\" and is \na prominent member of the West End Boat \nClub. He was the winner of the single- \nscull race in the Boston City Regatta, July 4, \n1871, and with his brother, J. H. Butler, won \nthe double-shell races of 1869-70, and with \nother partners in the regattas of 1871, '72, \n'74, '78. He was a member of the Demo- \ncratic Ward and City Committee for about \nten years, represented Ward 8 in the Com- \nmon Council of 1874 and in the Legislature \nof 1882-83. \n\nCALNAN, PATRICK J., manufacturer, born \nin Roxbury, Nov. 25, 1847. He received \nhis education in the public schools. He has \n\n\nbeen a non-commissioned officer of the Ninth \nRegiment, M.V.M., and is at present a shoe- \nstock manufacturer, residing in Charlestown. \nIn 1887 he represented Ward 5 in the Legis- \nlature. \n\nCANNON, JOHN J., Democrat, born in \nCastlebar, County Mayo, Ireland, May 2, \n1852. He came to this country when seven \nyears of age, and attended the Mayhew \nSchool of this city. He afterwards learned \nhis trade as a shoemaker, and worked at the \nbusiness for about seven years, two of which \nwere in Baltimore, Md. He represented \nWard 8 in the Common Council of 1882. \nHe is one of the prominent Democrats of the \nWest End, and a member of the A.O.H. and \nA.O. Foresters. \n\nCANNON, PATRICK, clerk, born in Mayo \nCounty, Ireland, April 29, 1853. He came \nto this country in 1857, and located in Boston. \nHe attended St. Mary's Parochial School \nuntil fourteen years of age, when he left to \nserve an apprenticeship at granite cutting. \nHe was employed at his trade about five \nyears, and then engaged with Austin Cannon. \nHe was a member of the Common Council \nin 1888, and was reelected to serve during \n1889. \n\nCANNON, PETER, born in Castlebar, County \nMayo, Ireland, June 25, 1825; died 1889. \nHe was educated at the National School, \nCloonkeen, County Mayo. He came to Bos- \nton, July 20, 1850, and first entered the shoe \nbusiness on his own account. In 1871 he \nchanged his business, and began the sale of \nliquors. He served in the Common Council \nof 1877-78 and in the Legislature of 1880- \n8 1 from the seventh ward. \n\nCARBERRY, WILLIAM H., iron founder, \nborn in Roxbury, Mass., Feb. 22, 1851. He \ngraduated from the Comins School, learned \nhis trade as an iron moulder, serving an ap- \nprenticeship of nine years with Alonzo Jos- \nlyn; in 1878 he began business on his own \naccount. He served in the Legislature of \n\n\n348 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\n1878, '79, '80, from Ward 22, being a member \nof the Committees on Rules and Orders, \nFederal Relations, and Street Railways. In \n1879 he was president of the Young Men's \nCatholic Lyceum of Roxbury, and is a mem- \nber of the Charitable Irish Society. \n\nCARNEY, MICHAEL, registrar of voters, \nborn in County Donegal, Ireland, in 1829. \nHe was educated in the Bocan National and \nother schools. He came to Boston in 1849, \nand became employed in the shipyard of \nDonald McKay, where he learned the trade \nof bolting vessels. He later commenced \nbusiness on his own account, and McKay, \nBriggs Bros., and other well-known ship- \nbuilders intrusted to Mr. Carney the work of \nbolting their vessels.- In 1859 he engaged \nin the fire-insurance business. He was an \nassessor of the city from 1859-79, a member \nof the Common Council of 1866, '67, \"68, and \nserved in the Massachusetts House of Repre- \nsentatives from 1869-76. He earnestly ad- \nvocated the enactment of the bill relative to \nreligious liberty in the prisons, which was \npassed by a vote of 91 to 54. He has been \nfor a number of years on the Board of Regis- \ntrars of Voters. \n\nCARROLL, MICHAEL J., mason and builder, \nborn in New Bedford, Mass., March 16, 1858. \nHe was educated in the old Franklin, Quincy, \nand Boylston Schools of this city; entered a \nlaw office; apprenticed to the trade of mason \nand builder about fourteen years ago, and has \nbeen at the business ever since. He was a \nmember of the Common Council of 1887-88, \nand reelected for 1889; a charter member of \nSt. Augustine's Lyceum, its president during \n1885 and 1886; Chief Ranger of St. James \nCourt 54 of Foresters; accredited delegate \nto the Bricklayers' International Union and \nto the Central Labor Union of 1887. \n\nCARROLL, WILLIAM P., born in South Bos- \nton, March 13, 1854; died in this city, Janu- \nary, 1888. He studied at the public schools, \nand was withdrawn at nine years of age, \n•when he was sent to work for Mr. William \n\n\nE. Cash, a crockery dealer on Washington \nstreet. He returned to school in 1864, and \ngraduated from the Lawrence Grammar \nSchool in 1869. He was an active politician, \nand did much effective political service for \nWards 7 and 13. He represented the \nFourth Congressional District at the Na- \ntional Convention of 1884. He was presi- \ndent for four years of the Seventh Ward \nFishing Club, a strong political organization. \nHe served on the Board of Aldermen in \n1886, 1887, and 1888, and died before the \nexpiration of his term of office. He was a \nforcible speaker and an earnest debater. Mr. \nCarroll was the oldest of five children. His \nfather enlisted in the old Ninth Massachu- \nsetts Volunteers in 1862, went to the late \nwar, and was honorably discharged as ser- \ngeant of Company I in 1864. \n\nCASEY, FRANK, elected to serve in the \nCommon Council during the year 1889. \n\nCAVANAGH, GEORGE H., contractor, born \nin Boston, June 17, 1839. He attended the \nQuincy, Hawes, and English High Schools. \nHe served in Company A, First Massachu- \nsetts Regiment, during the Civil War, and is \na member of Post 15, G.A.R. In l866he \nsucceeded his father in business, and has \ncontinued ever since. In 1879 he repre- \nsented Ward 15 in the Common Council. \n\nCOLLINS, JOHN A.1 \nCOLLINS, JOHN J.1 \n\nCOLLINS, MICHAEL D., sealer of weights \nand measures, born in Ireland, Sept 29, 1 836. \nHe came to America in 1839, and located in \nBoston, where he has since resided. He is a \ngraduate of the Old Eliot Grammar School, \nand Conant's Commercial College of the \nclass of 1850. After leaving school he \nserved a four years' apprenticeship at Ma- \ngoon's Maiden Bridge Shipyard, and worked \ncontinuously at ship-building until 1860, \nwhen he engaged in business for himself. \n\n'See Lawyers. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n349 \n\n\nHe served in the House of Representatives \nin 1866-67, an<^ *n the Common Council, \n1874-75. He occupied a position on the \nBoard of Assessors from 1875 to 1883, in- \nclusive. He was appointed sealer of weights \nand measures for the city of Boston by \nMayor Palmer in 1875, which position he \nstill retains. \n\nCOLLINS, STEPHEN J., United States store \nkeeper, born in Charlestown, Aug. 22, 1862. \nHe was a graduate of the Frothingham \nSchool in 1876. He shortly afterward en- \ntered the office of the Boston \" Pilot,\" where \nhe was for some time employed in various \ncapacities. He subsequently learned the \ntrade of an upholsterer, at which occupation \nhe was engaged until March, 1886, when he \naccepted a position in the appraisers' de- \npartment of the Custom House. In June, \n1887, he was promoted to the office of store- \nkeeper in the customs service. \n\nCOLLISON, HARVEY N.1 \n\nCONLIN, CHRISTOPHER P., marble-tool \nmanufacturer, born in East Boston, Dec. 25, \n1849. He received his early education at \nthe public schools, and later learned his \ntrade as a marble-tool manufacturer. He \nrepresented Ward 2 in the Legislature of \n1883. \n\nCONNELLY, BARTHOLOMEW J., builder, \nborn in Boston, June 1 6, 1859. He grad- \nuated from the Brimmer School in 1874, and \nwent to work at the building trade for his \nfather. He served in the Common Council \nfrom Ward 19 in 1886-87, serving on the \nCommittees on Common, Inspection of Build- \nings, Sewers, Stony Brook, and Public Build- \nings. He is at present engaged as a builder, \nwith an office in the Roxbury district \n\nCOSTELLO, MICHAEL W., machinist, engi- \nneer, and inventor, born in Galway, Ireland, \nAug. 3, 1852. He came to this country in \n1855, and shortly afterwards located in Bos- \n\n\nton, where he attended the public schools. \nAt eleven years of age he went to work in a \ncordage factory at twenty-five cents a day. \nHe subsequently learned the trade of a ma- \nchinist. He was connected with the firm of \nP. H. Costello & Co., furnaces, etc. He is at \npresent interested in patents, which pay him \na royalty sufficient to warrant his retirement \nfrom active business life. He was a member \nof the Common Council in 1879-81 and the \nLegislature of 1883. He was one of a con> \nmittee of three that organized the first mass \nmeeting held in Faneuil Hall in sympathy \nwith the Irish Land League, and in 1881 \nhe presented a resolution of sympathy for \nIreland in the lower branch of the city \ngovernment. \n\nCOSTELLO, PATRICK H., assistant inspector \nof buildings, born in Ballamackard, County \nGalway, Ireland, March 4, 1845. He came \nto this country with his parents in 1848, and \nsettled in Roxbury. He was educated in \nthe public schools, and first began work in \nDay's Cordage Factory. He afterward served \nan apprenticeship at the heating and ventilat- \ning business, which trade he learned and en- \ngaged in for several years. He represented \nWard 22 in the Common Council of 1885, \nhas been a member of the Democratic \nWard and City Committee for five years, is \na member of the Montgomery Veteran Asso- \nciation, Royal Arcanum, Knights of Honor, \nand Catholic Order of Foresters. He was \nappointed inspector of buildings on Jan. I, \n1888. \n\nCOTTER, JAMES E.1 \nCOURTNEY, WILLIAM F.1 \nCREED, MICHAEL J.1 \nCRONIN, CORNELIUS F.1 \n\nCROOK, MICHAEL J., cashier, born in \nBoston, Aug. 28, 1843. He attended the \nBoylston School of this city, and was a \n\n\n1 See Lawyers. \n\n\n350 \n\n\nTHE IRISH fJV BOSTON. \n\n\nFranklin medal scholar of his class. He \nhas been for several years connected with the \nWestern Union Telegraph Company, and at \npresent occupies the responsible position of \ncashier. In 1872 and 1876 he was a mem- \nber of the Massachusetts Legislature. \n\nCROWLEY, JEREMIAH J., upholsterer, born \nin Boston, Aug. 31, 1850. He is a graduate \nof the Boylston School. He represented \nWard 3 in the Legislature of 1879-80, serving \non the Committees on Liquor Law and Labor; \nhas been an officer of the Mechanics' Ap- \nprentice Library Association, a member of \nSt. Mary's Y.M.T. Association, vice-president \nof the National C.T.A. Union, and State \nMaster Workman, Knights of Labor of \nMassachusetts. \n\nCULLEN, BERNARD, late superintendent of \nthe Home for Destitute Catholic Children, \nwas born in Cloneen, Parish of Kilmaca- \ntraney, in the county of Sligo, Ireland, in \n1823. He studied at Thomas Manning's \nprivate school, and at the National School in \nGeevagh. He was the son of James Cullen \nand Ann, nie Conlon. James was the son \nof Dominick Cullen and Bridget, nee Drury. \nAnn was the daughter of Bernard and Mary \nConlon. Bernard Cullen emigrated from \nIreland in 1 847, and was married to Johanna \nAylward on July 10, 1856, by the Rev. Fran- \ncis Lachat, at St. Mary's Church in Boston, \nMass. Four children were born to him, — \nJames Bernard, born Aug. 18, 1857; Mary, \nborn March 13, 1859; Anastasia, born Jan. \n13, 1861; and Richard James, born March \n17, 1863. Bernard Cullen led a mercantile \nlife for many years in Boston, and chiefly \nengaged in the fire-insurance business, until \n1866, when he accepted the position of \nsuperintendent of the Home for Destitute \nCatholic Children, and his labors for that \ninstitution extended over a period of twelve \nyears. He represented old Ward 3 in the \nCommon Council in 1862-63, an(i was a \nmember of the House of Representatives in \n1865. He was well known to the citizens of \nBoston, and his natural solicitude for the \nrelief of the poor, coupled with practical \n\n\ncharity, were among his chief characteristics. \nHe was the first superintendent of old St. \nMary's Sunday School, on Endicott street, \nthe Rev. Bernardino Wiget, S.J., rector, and \na member of the old Columbian Guards, \nthe Charitable Irish Society, and the Knights \nof St. Patrick. His work in Boston which \nwas of any consequence to the community \nconsisted of his life-long, untiring, and suc- \ncessful efforts in relieving distress among \nthe needy poor and unfortunate people of the \ncity. He was a conspicuous figure at the \ncourts, and did much of the voluntary work \nof probating prisoners, lately done by \n\" Uncle \" Cook and Probation Officer Savage. \nHe was a member of the Society of St. \nVincent de Paul during his life. \n\nCUNNIFF, MICHAEL M., banker and broker, \nborn in the County Roscommon, Ireland, \n1850, arrived in Boston during the same year, \nlie studied in the Boston public schools \nand Bryant & Stratton's Commercial School. \nHe served an apprenticeship under Messrs. \nStephen M. Smith & Co., cabinet makers, \nuntil he attained his majority. Subsequently \nhe engaged in the liquor business, was suc- \ncessful, and withdrew from it. In 1875 he \ncommenced to actively participate in local \npolitics. From that time he has been recog- \nnized as a political leader, particularly \nshrewd, diplomatic, determined, and un- \ntiring in his efforts to achieve success for \nthe Democratic party, especially in Boston. \nHe has been a successful man in business \nmatters, controls a large number of shares \nof the Bay State Gas Company's securities, \nof which he has been a heavy buyer and \nseller, and he is a director for the company. \nMr. Cunniff is directly interested in, and \nidentified with, many important enterprises \nin Boston, in which his personal work has \nproduced profitable results. His investments \ncover the East Boston Land Company, the \nCharles River Embankment Company, the \nWest End Railway Company, etc. He is \none of the organizers of the Boston Gas \nSyndicate. Politically, his judgment is con- \nsidered to be extra good by older and more \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n001 \n\n\nexperienced political leaders, who have made \nhim their counsellor on many occasions. \nHe is a skilful organizer, and commands \na large following in the ranks of the Demo- \ncrats. He served on Governor Ames's \nCouncil, this being the only time that \nhe ever held a public office. For many \nyears he has held high and honorable \npositions in the councils of the Democratic \nparty. In 1876 he was elected a member of \nthe Democratic State Central Committee, re- \nelected every year since, and he has rendered \nvaluable services in perfecting its organization. \nIn the years 1887-88 he was chairman of the \nexecutive committee of the State committee, \nand for a long period a member of the Demo- \ncratic Ward and City Committee, of which \nbody he was the chairman during two years, \nas well as chairman of the finance committee. \nWhile president of the Ward and City Com- \nmittee, in the years of 1882-83, he increased \nthe Democratic registration to a figure un- \nprecedented in the history of Boston. At the \nend of his two years' service he declined \nthe presidency of this committee, though \nhe remained an active member. He was \nan uncompromising Cleveland man. In \n1884, at the Democratic National Conven- \ntion, he was received into the inner councils \nof the late Secretary of the Treasury, Daniel \nManning, and Secretary of War, William \nC. Whitney. During the recent National \nConvention at St. Louis, Mo., Mr. Cunniff \nactively urged the renomination of Grover \nCleveland. \n\nHe and his associates, Messrs. W. E. \nL. and C. O. L. Dilloway, reorganized and \nchanged the location of the Mechanics' \nNational Bank, of which he is a director, \nfrom South Boston to its present central posi- \ntion, on the corner of Washington and \nFranklin streets. The amount of deposits in \nthe bank at the time when they assumed the \nmanagement had reached the sum of \n$350,000. This comparatively small business \nwas increased by Mr. Cunniff and his co- \nworkers to the large sum of deposits amount- \ning to jSi,ooo,ooo. The bank is in a fair way \nto become one of the leading national bank- \n\n\ning institutions of the country. He has \nmade it one of the depositories for the \nState's moneys. \n\nMr. Cunniff has favored the Kindergarten \nsystem of education ; he is a generous bene- \nfactor of the charities of Boston. \n\nDACY, TIMOTHY J.1 \n\nDAVIS, HERBERT C., real estate, born in \nBoston in 1854. He is a graduate of the \nDearborn and the Roxbury High Schools; \nserved in the Common Council of 1876, from \nwhich year to 1884 he held the position of \ngeneral agent of New England for S. Davis \n& Co., Cincinnati, O. He is a prominent \nmember of the Young Men's Catholic Asso- \nciation, also Grand Ruler of Royal Order of \nGood Fellows, Trimountain Lodge, and dur- \ning Ex-Mayor O'Brien's administration was a \nmember of the official staff. \n\nDEE, JOHN H., florist, born at Charles- \ntown, Mass., May 13, 1842, graduated from \nthe Harvard Grammar School 1857, and \nstudied three years at the Charlestown High \nSchool. He acquired a practical naval \nknowledge at the Charlestown Navy Yard, \nentered the service of the U. S. Navy, in \n1863, as engineer on the \" Genesee,\" and \nafterwards on the \" Manhattan,\" both men- \nof-war, and he came out of service in 1865. \nHe served on the Democratic Ward and \nCity Committee from 1875 until 1880, and \nagain resumed his membership in 1 888. He \nserved in the Common Council of 1877, and \nthe House of Representatives in 1879 and \n1880. He is a member of Edw. W. Kinsley \nPost 113, G.A.R. He is prominently iden- \ntified with the Benevolent and Protective \nOrder of Elks, and his worth has been recog- \nnized practically by that organization, for it \nhas elected him to every available position of \nhonor and trust to which members are eligi- \nble. He is a member of the Temple Council \nof the Royal Arcanum, also the Wapiti \nTribe, No. 65, of the Improved Order of \nRed Men. \n\n1 See lawyers. \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nDENNY, THOMAS J., instructor of Athletics, \nborn in Ireland in 1850; died in Boston, \nMarch 30, 1887. He came to this country \nwith his parents when very young, and at- \ntended the Quincy Grammar School of this \ncity. He afterwards served an apprenticeship \nat cabinet-making, but early in life began to \ndevelop as an athlete. About 1863 he opened \na school of instruction in sparring on Boylston \nstreet, and did a successful business for a few \nyears, and acquired a local reputation as a \nprofessor of the art of self-defence. He \nrepresented Ward 12 in the Common Council \nof 1878, '79, '80, '8 1, '82, '83, '84, '85, '86. He \nwas a delegate to the National Democratic \nConvention at Chicago in 1884. \n\nDESMOND, CORNELIUS, painter, born in \nBoston, May II, 1838. He was educated in \nthe public schools of this city, and resides \nat the North End. He represented Ward 6 \nin the Legislature of 1877, '78, '79, serving \nas monitor, and also on the Committee on \nLibrary. \n\nDESMOND, CORNELIUS F.f paymaster, born \nin Boston, Oct. 31, 1862. He attended the \nQuincy School, and at thirteen years of age \nentered the office of the Metropolitan Rail- \nroad as messenger. In 1878 he was pro- \nmoted to the position of assistant paymaster, \nand later was appointed paymaster of the \nWest End Street Railway. For ten years \npast he has been a member of the Young \nMen's Catholic Total Abstinence Society of \nSt. James' Church, and represented Ward 12 \nin the Common Council of 1887, '88, '89. \n\nDESMOND, JEREMIAH, brass-worker, born \nin Boston, May, 1853. He was educated in \nthe public schools of Boston, and commenced \nto learn his trade when eleven years of age \nas a brass- worker. From 1 885 to 1 887, inclu- \nsive, he represented Ward 16 in the Legisla- \nture, and served on the Committees on \nPrinting, Manufacturing, and Street Rail- \nways. \n\nDEVER, JOHN F., salesman, born in Bos- \n\n\nton, May' 23, 1853. He attended the May- \nhew School until he was thirteen years of \nage. He first became employed as office \nboy for the Newton Oil Company, and later \nwith the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. In \n1868 he entered the employ of the New \nEngland News Company, where he remained \ntill 1879. He was afterwards connected with \nthe Boston \" Courier \" for a short period. \nHe represented Ward 20 in the Legislature \nof 1880-81. In the fall of 1879 he was ap- \npointed clerk and assistant registrar of voterSj \nwhich position he held from October, 1879, \nto June, 1885. He was employed in the \nMayor's office as clerk under the administra- \ntion of Hon. Hugh O'Brien. In July, 1885, \nhe was appointed superintendent of streets, \nbut was not confirmed by the Board of \nAldermen, for political reasons. He is a \nmember of the Montgomery Light Guard \nVeteran Association. He was one of the \nsecretaries of the Democratic City Central \nCommittee in 1879, '80, '81 ; secretary of the \nCharitable Irish Society, 1881, '82, '83; he has \nbeen identified with Father Roche's Home ; \nis a member of the Clover Club; he has been \ndirector and financial secretary of Young \nMen's Catholic Association of Boston Col- \nlege for six years; and chairman of the \nDemocratic Committee of Ward 20 for sev- \neral years. \n\nDEVLIN, THOMAS H., newspaper and peri- \nodical dealer, born in Boston, 1848, and \ngraduated from the Brimmer School. He \nengaged in the periodical business with his \nfather at the news depot of the Boston & \nProvidence Railroad station in Boston, and \nsucceeded to the business in 1866. He served \nin the Common Council in 1878, '79, '80, '81, \n'82, and was a member of the Board of \nAldermen in 1883. He was for three years \non the City Council Committees on Claims, \nCommon and Public Grounds; one year \non the Committee on Water; two years \na member of the Board of Directors for \nPublic Institutions; and was also on the \nJoint Special Committee on Commissions in \n1881. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n353 \n\n\nDEVNEY, PATRICK F., public cabs, born \nin Galway, Ireland, Feb. I, 1850. He was \neducated in the public schools of Boston. \nHe is now engaged in this city in the public- \ncab business. In 1884 he represented Ward \n19 in the Massachusetts House of Represent- \natives. \n\nDILLON, FRANK H., born in Charlestown, \nMass., Sept. 22, 1861. He graduated at the \nWinthrop School in 1875; worked as painter \nfor F. M. Holmes Furniture Company, and as \nsuperintendent for Eagle Metallic Brush Com- \npany. Later he established a saloon business. \nHe was trustee of the Young Men's Catholic \nLyceum of Charlestown, vice-president \nQuarterly Club, one of the organizers of the \nMoulton Associates, a member of Royal \nOrder of Good Fellows; elected to the Com- \nmon Council of 1887, '88, '89, and served on \nCommittees on Fire Department, City En- \ngineers, and Fourth of July. In 1881 was \nsergeant of Company D, Ninth Regiment \n\nDOHERTY, CORNELIUS F., service clerk, \nborn in Boston, Jan. 15, 1852. He attended \nthe Lyman School and St. Mary's Institute. \nHe went to sea for three years, and upon \nhis return served at the coppersmith trade, \nworking at the business about eight years. \nIn 1887 he engaged in the cigar and tobacco \nbusiness in East Boston and also at Natick. \nHe represented Ward 2 in the Common \nCouncil of 1879, '80, '8 1, and during six \nmonths of 1883, when he resigned on July \nI to accept his present position as service \nclerk in the Water Department of the city \nof Boston. He is a member of the Royal \nOrder of Good Fellows, Firton Literary Insti- \ntute, Young Men's Catholic Lyceum of East \nBoston, Columbian Rowing Association, and \nsecretary of the Fourth District Congres- \nsional Club. \n\nDOHERTY, DANIEL, born in Ballyliffin, \nCounty Donegal, Ireland, in 1838. He was \neducated in the Irish national schools of his \nnative place, and came to this country on \nJune 15, 1863. He settled in Boston, and \n\n\nbecame employed by the Boston Gas-Light \nCompany, with whom he remained almost \ntwelve years. He engaged in the saloon \nbusiness in 1874, and in 1876 formed a \npartnership with his brother, John Doherjty, \nunder the present firm name of D. & J. \nDoherty. He represented Ward 7 in- the \nCommon Council of 1876 and the Legisla- \nture of 1877-78. He has been a member \nof the Democratic Ward and City Committee \nfor three years, and is a member of the Irish \nCharitable Society. \n\nDOHERTY, JAMES D. Elected to the Com- \nmon Council for the year 1889. \n\nDOHERTY, JAMES J., restaurateur, born in \nCounty Donegal, Ireland, Aug. 15, 1848. \nWhen five years of age his parents immigrated \nto this country, and settled in Boston, where \nhe received his education at the public \nschools. At the age of sixteen he enlisted \nin an unattached company of volunteer \nmilitia on duty in Boston Harbor. In 1877, \n'78, '79 he was a member of the Common \nCouncil, and in the latter year he was one \nof the Board of Directors of East Boston \nFerries. He has been a member of the \nDemocratic Ward and City Committee for \nseveral years, and in 1880 represented Ward \n2 in the General Court \n\nDOHERTY, JOHN, born in Ballyliffin, County \nDonegal, Ireland, about 1846. He was \neducated in the Irish National schools, and \ncame to this country in 1865. Shortly after \nhis arrival in Boston he was employed \nin the freight department of the Boston & \nMaine Railroad, and later went to San \nFrancisco, Cal., for five years. Upon his \nreturn to this city he entered the employ of \nthe Boston Gas-Light Company, where he \nremained about four years. In 1876 he en- \ngaged in the saloon business with his brother, \nDaniel Doherty, under the present firm name \nof D.&J. Doherty. He represented Ward \n7 in the Common Council of 1884-85 and \nin the Legislature of 1887-88. He is a \nmember of the Charitable Irish Society. \n\n\n354 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nDOHERTY, JOSEPH, grocer, born in Glack, \nCounty Donegal, Ireland, Aug. 14, 1844. \nHe was educated in the schools of Cam- \ndonah, Ireland. He came to this country on \nApril 1 4, 1 863, and settled in Boston, where he \nhas since resided. He was for several years \nemployed by Michael Doherty in the liquor \nbusiness, and in 1874 engaged in the \ngrocery and liquor business for himself. In \n1876 he represented Ward 7 in the Common \nCouncil. \n\nDOHERTY, NEIL, grocer, born in County \nDonegal, Ireland, March 14, 1837. ^e re' \nceived a common-school education, and has \nbeen engaged in the grocery business in \nEast Boston for some years past. He repre- \nsented Ward 2 in the Common Council of \n1872-73, and in 1875-76 was a member of \nthe Legislature. \n\nDOHERTY, NEIL F., elected to the Com- \nmon Council for the year 1889. \n\nDOHERTY, PHILIP J.1 \n\nDOHERTY, THOMAS F., water commissioner, \nborn at the North End, Boston, in 1843. \nHis parents removed to the Fort Hill dis- \ntrict when he was two years of age, and his \neducation was received at the Boylston School. \nHe entered the dry-goods business with \nKilby Brothers when twelve years old. He \nwas later engaged for fourteen years in the \ndry-goods house of Chandler & Co., a part \nof the time in the capacity of manager of \none of the departments. He severed his \nconnection with the latter firm to become \na member of the concern of T. F. Doherty \n& Co., and continued in business until 1885, \nwhen he was appointed a member of the \nBoard of Water Commissioners of the city \nof Boston. He has held many offices of trust, \namong these the presidency of the following \norganizations: Democratic Ward and City \nCommittee, East Boston Citizens' Trade Asso- \nciation, St. Vincent de Paul's Society of East \n\n\n1 S«c Lawyers. \n\n\nBoston; and a directorship in both Father \nRoche's Working Boys' Home and the Home \nfor Destitute Catholic Children. He has been \nactive in Democratic politics for a number of \nyears past, and is one of the prominent citi- \nzens of East Boston, where he has resided \nfor many years. He is the colonel of the \nMontgomery Veteran Association. \n\nDOLAN, CHARLES H., produce dealer, born \nin Boston, March 23, 1859. He graduated \nat the Dearborn Grammar School in 1875, \nand was employed as clerk in a leather \nstore until 1879. He subsequently entered \nthe produce business, where he is now engaged \non his own account. He served in the Com- \nmon Council of 1887, '88, '89 from Ward 20, \nand was a member of the Committees on \nEast Boston Ferries, Assessors, Centennial \nCelebration, Appropriations, Claims, and \nFourth of July; and has been secretary of \nBoston Catholic Cemetery Association for \neight years past \n\nDOLAN, MICHAEL J., boat-builder, born in \nIreland, May 2, 1850. He was educated in \nthe Boston public schools, and is at present \nengaged as a boat-builder at East Boston. \nHe represented Ward 2 in the Legislature of \n1883-84, serving on the Committee on Har- \nbor and Public Lands. \n\nDONAHOE, CHARLES W., salesman, born In \nBoston, July 7, 1856. He was educated in \nthe public schools of this city, and is at pres- \nent employed as a salesman. He represented \nWard 15 in the Common Council of 1882 \nand in the Legislature of 1883. \n\nDONOHOE, MICHAEL THOMAS, clerk of \nthe Board of Directors for Public Institutions, \nborn in Lowell, Mass., Nov. 22, 1838. He \nwas the second son of Owen M. Donohoe, \na native of the County Cavan, Ireland, who \nimmigrated to this country and settled in \nLowell, Mass., in 1831, where he married \nMary Cassidy. Young Michael went to the \npublic schools at Lowell, and subsequently \nHoly Cross College, Worcester. He was \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n355 \n\n\nengaged in business at Manchester, N.H., \nwhen the secession ordinances were passed \nin the Southern States, and he recruited \na company for the Third Regiment. \n\nHe went to the war with the Third N.H. \nRegiment as captain of Company C, and was \nattached to it at Hilton Head and other points \nin the Palmetto State, — old South Carolina. \nWhile he was connected with the Third, his \nsuperiors always found in him a most reliable \nofficer for any emergency. He received from \nhis colonel (Jackson) conspicuous mention \nfor his conduct in the battle of Secessionville, \nnot far from Charleston, in which, out of \nabout six hundred engaged, the Third lost \none hundred and four in killed and wounded. \nWhether it was for days or weeks to be away \nin command on detached service, or to go \nforward directing the advance line of skir- \nmishers, or lead his company in battle charge, \nCaptain Donohoe knew his duty, and per- \nformed it with tact, skill, and courage. This \npointed him out as the most fitting com- \nmander for the then contemplated Irish- \nAmerican Regiment of the Granite State. \n\nThe Tenth N.H. Regiment, which was \ncomposed chiefly of Irish-Americans, with \nColonel Donohoe in command, left camp at \nManchester, N.H., on the twenty-second day \nof September, 1862, and arrived at Wash- \nington three days later. \n\nFrom Sept. 30, 1862, until the Tenth was \nmustered out at Manchester, June 21, 1865, \nColonel Donohoe rendered heroic services to \nthe Union. At the Capture of Fort Harri- \nson his horse was shot under him when in \ncommand of a skirmish line while the Army \nof the James was again moving forward to \nthe attack, and later the colonel was severely \nwounded. \n\nGeneral Donohoe was brevetted brigadier- \ngeneral, and commanded a brigade of \nDevens's division, which was the first to enter \nthe city of Richmond on April 3, 1865, and \nwhen the term of service expired he re- \nturned in command of three New Hamp- \nshire regiments. \n\nThe State historian says : \" The regiment \nwas largely composed of foreigners, who \n\n\nleave a record highly creditable for patriot- \nism, bravery, and good conduct ; those who \nsurvive are entitled to the gratitude of the \nState and nation ; and its dead upon many \nhard- fought fields, in rebel prisons and hos- \npitals, are entitled to an honorable record in \nthe history of the great Rebellion.\" \n\nGeneral Donohoe married Miss Elizabeth \nE., second daughter of John and Isabella Mc- \nAnulty, who were of the earliest Irish people \nthat made Lowell their home. Eight children \nhave blessed this marriage, of whom five are \nliving. For several years General Donohoe \nhad resided in our adjoining city of Somer- \nville, but has since made his home in Boston. \nOn his return from the war he received an \nimportant appointment under the corpora- \ntion of the Concord, Boston, & Lowell Rail- \nroad, which he retained until 1879. He \nthen became connected with the Lake Shore \nRailroad route, taking charge of its passenger \ndepartment at Boston; and later was the \nNew England passenger agent of the Cleve- \nland, Columbus, & Indianapolis Railway \nCompany, or \" Bee Line.\" \n\nThe general received the nomination for \nSecretary of State at the Massachusetts Dem- \nocratic conventions in 1879 and '80. In the \nNational House of Representatives, five or \nsix years ago, his name was reported for the \nvery honorable position of a member of the \nBoard of Managers of the National Soldiers' \nHome, but he felt obliged to decline the \nhonor on account of his railroad business. \n\nIn 1887 he was appointed to his present \nposition. \n\nDONNELLY, ROBERT, health inspector, born \nin Cambridge, April 10, 1853. He attended \nthe public schools of his native place until \nhe was twelve years of age. He represented \nWard 7 in the Common Council of 1883-84; \nis a member of the American Legion of \nHonor, and at present employed as a health \ninspector by the city of Boston. \n\nDONOVAN, EDWARD J., State Senator \n(Third Suffolk), was born in Boston, March \n\n\n356 \n\n\nTHE I&ISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\n15,1 864. He was educated in Boston's public \nschools, and is a graduate of the Phillips \nGrammar School, West End. In school, \nyoung Donovan displayed marked ability in \ndeclamation, and in later years has won a \nhigh reputation as an eloquent and effective \npublic speaker. When quite young he lost \nhis estimable father (Lawrence), who, for \nmore than a quarter of a century, was among \nthe prominent merchants of Boston, being a \nleading tobacconist. For some years Ed- \nward has been one of the most efficient and \ntrusted accountants in the employ of Brown, \nDurrell, & Co., one of the largest jobbing \nhouses in the United States. When hardly \ntwenty-one years of age young Donovan \ntook an interest in public affairs, and at- \ntracted attention by his activity, especially \nin Ward 8. He was elected a representa- \ntive to the General Court for the years 1887- \n88, and Senator from the Third Suffolk Dis- \ntrict for the year 1889. In 1887 he was the \nyoungest member of the House, and is the \nyoungest man ever elected to the Massachu- \nsetts Senate. During his legislative service \nhe has served on the Committees on Street \nRailways, Military Affairs, Water Supply, and \nSpecial Committee on Soldiers' Records, and \nhas demonstrated his high talent and ability \nto perform yeoman service for the people \nand the Democratic party, as a champion of \nevery cause needing a helping hand. Dur- \ning his three years in the Legislature he has \nwon the distinction of being one of the \nmost eloquent and forcible debaters. Mr. \nDonovan is of an even temperament, and \nmore than ordinarily well balanced mentally. \nHe is a member of numerous societies, at \nthe present time (1889) being president of \nthe Hendricks Club of Boston, one of the \nroost influential Democratic organizations in \nMassachusetts. \n\nDONOVAN, JAMES, grocer, born in Boston, \nMay 28, 1859. He has been engaged in the \ngrocery and provision business since he left \nschool. He was a member of the Common \nCouncil in 1882, and was five years in the \nLegislature from Ward 16, and served on the \n\n\nCommittees of Mercantile Affairs, Prisons, \nRedistricting, and Railroads. He repre- \nsents the Fourth Suffolk District in the \nSenate the present year. \n\nDONOVAN, PATRICK J., contractor and \nbuilder, was born in Charlestown, April 9, \n1848. He was educated in the Grammar \nand Charlestown High Schools, and was first \nemployed as a clerk in a provision store. \nHe is now a contractor and builder. He was \na member of the Charlestown Fire Depart- \nment during eight years, one of the Board of \nEngineers before the annexation; served in \nthe Common Council of 1882, '83, '84, and \nrepresented Charlestown in the Board of \nAldermen of 1885, '86, '87; he was Chairman \nof the Board in 1887. He was invariably \npunctual in attendance at the meetings \nof the two branches of the city government. \nHe is a member of the Charlestown Veteran \nFiremen's Association. During nine years \nhe was a member -of the Democratic City \nCommittee, for seven years a member of the \nState Committee, six years of which he was \nits assistant secretary, and is also a mem- \nber of the Charlestown Bachelors' Club, and \na past sachem of the same. He represented \nthe Sixth Congressional District as a delegate \nat the Democratic National Convention at \nChicago, and for some time has stood high \nin the councils of the Democratic party. \n\nDOOGUE, WILLIAM, Superintendent of \nCommon and Public Grounds, born in \nBrocklaw Park, town of Stradbally, Queen's \nCounty, Ireland, May 24, 1828. He came \nto this country with his parents, four brothers, \nand four sisters in 1 840. The family settled \nin Middletown, Conn., the same year. \nYoung William went to the public schools in \nthat town, and graduated from the high \nschool, 1843. \n\nHe was apprenticed to George Affleck & \nCo., Hartford, Conn., for five years, during \nwhich time he learned the science of flori- \nculture, horticulture, and landscape garden- \ning at their celebrated nurseries. At the \nexpiration of his term of apprenticeship, Mr. \n\n\n• \n\n\nWILLIAM DOOGUE. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n357 \n\n\nDoogue was admitted into the firm as a full \npartner under a five years' contract He \nstudied botany for three years under Profes- \nsor Comstock, of Trinity College, Hartford, \nConn., and came to Boston, 1856. After \nhis arrival here he assumed the entire man- \nagement of the floricultural and horticultural \nbusiness of the late Charles Copeland at \nBoston and Melrose. The well-known and \nhighly successful greenhouses in \"Floral \nPlace\" were established by Mr. Doogue \nnearly twenty-five years ago, and from that \nestablishment floricultural decoration re- \nceived its first impetus in Boston. In \n1871, the centennial year, Mr. Doogue \nlaid out grounds and made a tropical and \nsub- tropical display on the centennial \ngrounds at Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, \nPenn. His skill was practically recognized \nand he was presented with two gold and \ntwo silver medals and diplomas. He has \nbeen the Superintendent of the Common and \nPublic Grounds since 1878, and the people \nand press of Boston have approved and \nextolled his work. During the year 1887, \nthe Massachusetts Horticultural Society en- \ndeavored to influence the city government \nto allow that body to erect a building on the \nPublic Garden, \" to be devoted to the study \nand advancement of floriculture.\" Mr. Wil- \nliam Minot, Jr., actively interested himself \non behalf of the society's plan, but the able \nand vigorous protest against the innovation \nwhich was made by Mr. Doogue aroused the \nsentiment of the press and the public, and \nfrustrated the designs of the Massachusetts \nSociety. From the first year of Mr. Doogue's \nsuperintendence, down to the present time, \nthe flower exhibits upon the Public Garden \nand in other portions of the city have sur- \npassed the most beautiful in the country. \nThe flowers and plants under his manage- \nment have been artistically arranged in \nbeautiful and varied designs, and have fre- \nquently won for him extended praise. \n\nDRISCOLL, JOHN D., house and sign \npainter, born in Cork, Ireland, Dec. 3, 1832. \nHe immigrated to this country when very \n\n\nyoung, and attended the Boston public \nschools. From 1861 to 1863 he served in the \nwar as a member of the Ninth Massachusetts \nRegiment, and was honorably discharged \nafter the battle of Gettysburg on account \nof a disability. He reenlisted in the Second \nMassachusetts Cavalry in 1864, but was re- \njected, however, because of his former disa- \nbility. He was a member of the Old Fenian \nBrotherhood, also of the F. B. Council, of \nthe GA.R. Post 7 since 1869, and is a \nmember of the Irish Legion of St. Patrick. \nHe was employed as messenger at City Hall \nduring Mayor O'Brien's administration. \n\nDRYNAN, JOHN, shipping-agent, born in \nCork, Ireland, in 1832. He came to this \ncountry in 1833 with his parents when only \none year old. He was educated in the \nBoylston and Eliot Schools of this city. \nHe is by occupation a shipping-agent, but \nfor some time past has not been engaged in \nbusiness. He was a member of the Legisla- \nture of 1870-71, and of the Common Council \nfrom Ward 6 in 1877-78. He was con- \nnected with the old Columbians in 1858- \n59- \n\nDUGGAN, THOMAS H., plumber, born in \nCounty of Kilkenny, Ireland, March II, \n1848. He was educated in the schools of \nhis native place, and came to this country, \nand settled in Boston about 1863. He went \nto work at his trade soon after his arrival \nhere. He was employed by S. B. Allen for \neight years, and subsequently as a journey- \nman for Lockwood F. Lamb and others. In \n1873 he engaged in business for himself, and \nat present employs about forty workmen. \nHe opened at one time a branch office for \nthe extension of his business in New York \nCity, which was managed successfully for \nabout four years, but recently the business \nthere has been discontinued. Mr. Duggan \nserved in the Common Council of 1886, '87, \n'88. \n\nDUNLEA, JAMES J., gate-tender, born in \nRoxbury, June 22, 1857. He was educated \n\n\n358 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nin the public schools, and is employed as a \ngate-tender on the Providence Division of \nthe Old Colony Railroad. He is a Demo- \ncrat, and represented Ward 22 in the Legis- \nlature during 1887. While there he was a \nmember of the Committee on Labor. \n\nDWVER, PATRICK D., insurance agent, \nborn in Galway, Ireland, in 1857. He came \nto this country with his parents when nine \nyears of age. He. attended the old Mayhew \nSchool in Boston, where he received his \nearly education. For eleven years after \nleaving school he was employed by Hogg, \nBrown, & Taylor, dry-goods merchants. In \n1883 he was appointed chief inspector under \nthe Boston Water Board, which position he \nresigned shortly afterward. He was a mem- \nber of the Legislature for 1884, 1885, and \n1886, serving on the Committees on Claims \nand Railroads. He was elected to Senate \nof 1887 and 1888, and was a member of the \nCommittees on Claims, Insurance, and Li- \nbrary. He was the vice-president of the \nDemocratic Ward and City Committee during \nthe years 1 887, '88, '89. He is a member of the \nCatholic Union and Charitable Irish Society. \nMr. Dwyer is now the only candidate for \nelection to the presidency of the Democratic \nWard and City Committee, a political dis- \ntinction much prized by Boston Democrats. \nAs a Democrat he is a faithful adherent to \nthe principles laid down by Thomas Jeffer- \nson and Andrew Jackson. In every local \npolitical campaign in Boston during the last \nsix years his efforts have been directed towards \nincreasing the numerical strength of the \nDemocratic vote, and he has done effective \nservice as an organizer and a public speaker. \n\nFALLON, JAMES O., gas inspector, born in \nthe County of Sligo, Ireland, and -came to \nAmerica in 1846, and settled in Lawrence, \nMass. He graduated from the Lawrence \nHigh School at Lawrence, Mass., and in \n1858 he took up his residence in Boston. He \nwas in the employ of Messrs. C. & M. \nDoherty for a while, and afterwards entered \ninto the liquor business for himself, which he \n\n\nfollowed until 1885, when he was appointed \na gas inspector. He has been a member of \nthe Democratic Ward and City Committee \nfor twenty years, and the chairman of the \nWard Committee since 1880. He was a \nmember of the Legislature in 1870-71, and \nserved on the Committees on Leave of Ab- \nsence, Pay-roll, and the Fisheries. \n\nFALLON, THOMAS F., plumber, born in \nProvidence, R.I., Dec. 7, 1858, and came to \nBoston about 1859. He attended the pub- \nlic schools, and after leaving school was ap- \nprenticed to Messrs. Regan & Duggan. In \n1884 he went into the plumbing business for \nhimself. During the years 1885, '86, '88 he \nserved in the Common Council. \n\nFANNING, ROBERT C., United States \nlaborer, born in Boston, Jan. 16, 1849. He \nattended the public schools, and afterward \nentered the junk and ship-chandlery business \nwith his father, which he continued till 1874. \nLater he was engaged in weighing gold for \nthe Boston & Albany Corporation. In 1886 \nhe was appointed United States laborer in \nthe Weighers' Department. He was a mem- \nber of the Common Council, 1888-89. He \nis District Judge Advocate of District Assem- \nbly No. 3 of Massachusetts Knights of Labor, \nand chairman of the Board of Appeals for \nthe State Assembly. He is also a member \nof Company C, Ninth Regiment, M.V.M. \n\nFARRELL, JOHN H., inspector, born in \nCambridge, Mass., Jan. 6, 1841. He gradu- \nated at the public schools and at French's \nCommercial Institute. From 1858 to 1867 \nhe was engaged as book-keeper, from 1867 \nto 1877 in the grocery business, from 1878 \nto 1880 as a clerk. In 1880 he was ap- \npointed an inspector of milk and vinegar at \nCambridge, which position he held until 1885. \nIn 1 886 he accepted his present position as \nCustom-House inspector. \n\nFARRELL, JOHN R., merchant tailor, born in \nSheffield, England, of Irish parents, in De- \ncember, 1832. He came to this country in \nchildhood, receiving his education in the \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n359 \n\n\npublic schools of Lowell, Mass. During the \nlate Rebellion he served as captain of a com- \npany of the Fifty-fifth and also of the Forty- \neighth Massachusetts Regiments. He was \nlater a lieutenant-colonel of the Ninth Massa- \nchusetts Regiment, holding the office from \nMay 12, 1866, to April 22, 1868. He rep- \nresented Ward 12 in the Legislature of 1884. \n\nFARREN, PATRICK H., salesman, born in \nCounty Donegal, Ireland, in 1837. He immi- \ngrated to Boston in 1842, and was a pupil in \nthe Boston public schools until 1852. He \nwas later apprenticed to John W. Mason as \nship-carver, remaining with him four years, \nand was afterwards employed in various \ncapacities till 1857, when he went to Rich- \nmond, Me., and engaged in the carving busi- \nness for himself. He returned to Boston in \n1 86 1, and engaged in the provision business \nuntil 1873. He then accepted a position as \ntravelling salesman for Chase & Sanborn, of \nthis city, the position he still holds. He rep- \nresented Ward 3 in the Common Council of \n1862 and in the Legislature of 1863. He \nwas elected a Director of Public Institutions \nin 1885. He was a member of the old Colum- \nbian Association, and has been connected \nwith the principal Irish charitable societies \nof this city for some years past. \n\nFARREN, THOMAS G., grocer, born in \nBoston, March 20, 1858. He attended \nthe public schools and graduated at the \nEnglish High School. He is at present en- \ngaged in the grocery business at the North \nEnd. In 1887-88 he represented Ward 7 in \nthe Legislature, serving on the Committees of \nCounty Estimates and Insurance; and for \nfour years has been treasurer of the Ward 7 \nDemocratic Committee. \n\nFAY, THOMAS, Jr., paymaster, city treas- \nurer's office, City Hall, born in Roxbury, \nApril 9, 1853. He received his early educa- \ntional training in the public schools of this \ncity. He represented Ward 19 in the Legis- \nlature of 1881-82, serving on the Committee \non County Estimates, and was one of the \nmonitors during his first term. \n\n\nFEE, THOMAS, deputy sheriff, born in \nHingham, Mass., Aug. 13, 1850. He at- \ntended the Hingham Grammar School and \nthe Boston Evening Schools. He served an \napprenticeship of three years at the machine \ntrade with the American Tool and Machine \nCompany. He was afterward employed at the \nHinckley Locomotive Works. He left his \ntrade later, and was employed as a salesman \nin a boot and shoe store. In 1 875 he be- \ncame connected with the sheriff's office of \nSuffolk County. He was appointed consta- \nble of the city of Boston by Mayor Prince in \n1877. On Jan. i, 1884, he was appointed \ndeputy sheriff by Sheriff O'Brien. He is a \nmember of the Charitable Irish Society,' \nRoyal Arcanum, Ancient Order of United \nWorkmen, Royal Society of Good Fellows, \nMontgomery Light Guard Veteran Associa- \ntion, and the Democratic City Central Com- \nmittee. \n\nFENNESSEY, JEREMIAH G., crier of Supe- \nrior Court, born in Glanworth, County Cork, \nIreland, April 4, 1857. He came to this \ncountry July 31, 1868, and settled in Bos- \nton. He attended the Quincy Grammar \nSchool for two years. In 1870 he was \nemployed at harness-making, and served \neighteen months. He afterwards worked in \na natural history store for six years. In \n1878 he was engaged as conductor on the \nMetropolitan Railroad. He is at present \nholding the position as crier of the Superior \nCourt. He was a member of the Demo- \ncratic City Central Committee of 1881, '82, \n'83, and of the Legislature of 1883, and the \nDemocratic State Central Committee of 1884. \nHe is a prominent Democrat of Boston, and \nis a member of a very large number of \nsocial and fraternal organizations. He is a \ntotal abstainer, but not a prohibitionist \n\nFITZGERALD, DESMOND, civil engineer, \nborn in Nassau, N.P., May 20, 1846. He \nimmigrated to Providence, R.I., in 1849, and \nin 1870 removed to Boston. He attended \nthe Providence High School, Phillip's Acade- \nmy, and studied a year in Paris. He held \n\n\n360 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nthe position of Deputy Secretary of State of \nRhode Island for about a year, and also acted \nas private secretary to General Burnside. He \nsubsequently adopted the profession of a \ncivil engineer, and has been engaged on im- \nportant public works since 1867. He was \nappointed superintendent and resident en- \ngineer of the Boston Water Works in 1873, \nhis present position. During his experience \nhe has been engaged for four years in build- \ning railroads in the West, and for two years \nwas chief engineer of the Boston & Albany \nR.R. He is president of the Boston Society \nof Civil Engineers, a member of the American \nSociety of Civil Engineers, treasurer of the \nCouncil of the N.E. Meteorological Society, \nand Fellow of the Royal Meteorological \nSociety of England. \n\nFITZGERALD, JAMES E.1 \n\nFITZGERALD, THOMAS F., American Bank- \nNote Company, born in Ireland, Dec. 20, 1848. \nHe received a common-school education. \nHe was engaged with the American Bank- \nNote Company. He served in the Legis- \nlature of 1873, '74, '75, and represented the \nSixth Suffolk District in the Senate of 1876- \n77. He was returned to the Legislature \nagain in 1879 from Ward 13. \n\nFITZPATRICK, JOHN B., deputy sheriff of \nSuffolk County. He was an officer of the \nSupreme Judicial Court for many years, and \nhas been identified with city, State, and na- \ntional affairs. He was a member of the \nCommon Council in 1880, '81, '82, '83, and \nserved on the most important committees. \nAs a debater he is clear and forcible, and an \nexcellent organizer. He is president of St. \nJoseph's Conference of St. Vincent de \nPaul Society; a member of St. Joseph's \nCourt No. II, M.C.O.F., and other benevo- \nlent societies. He is a Democrat in politics. \n\nFLANIGAN, WILLIAM H., accountant, born \nin Charlestown, Nov. 7, 1851. He gradu- \nated from the Lyman School, attended the \n\n\nEnglish High School one year, took a course \nat private study and at Comer's Commercial \nCollege. He was employed four years as \nbook-keeper for Gibbs & Stinson, two and \none-half years in counting-room of Jordan, \nMarsh, & Co., four years as cashier for R. H. \nStearns & Co., six years as assistant clerk \nand two years as clerk of the East Boston \nFerries, and appointed accountant in the \nMayor's office a few years ago, when the \nnew city charter took effect. He is a mem- \nber of the Montgomery Veteran Association, \nand resides in East Boston. \n\nFLATLEY, MICHAEL J., hotel-keeper, born \nin Ireland, where he received a part of his \neducation. He came to America when a \nboy, and finished his schooling here. He \nhas been the proprietor of the Jefferson \nHouse in Boston for several years. He was \na member of the Common Council of 1873- \n74, and represented the Third Suffolk Dis- \ntrict in the Senate of 1875, '76, '77, '78, serving \non the Committees on Labor, Prisons, and \nState House. While in the upper branch \nof the Legislature he was an indefatigable \nworker for prison reform, and initiated the \nlegislation which finally resulted in the law \nforbidding the use of the gag in penal insti- \ntutions and houses of correction. He was \na trustee of the State Primary and Reform \nSchool in 1881, and a member of the Gover- \nnor's Council in 1882. \n\nFLATLEY, THOMAS.' \nFLYNN, EDWARD J.1 \n\nFLYNN, JAMES J., late superintendent of \nstreets, born in St. John, N.B., in 1834, \ndied in Boston, March 27, 1884. When \nonly two months old he arrived in this city \nwith his parents and located in old Fort Hill. \nHe was educated in the public schools, and \nwas a graduate of the Boylston Grammar \nSchool. At the age of twenty-one he was \nelected by the Democratic party as a ward \nofficer, which position he filled for four years. \n\n\n1 See Lawyers. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n361 \n\n\nIn 1856 he engaged in the grocery business \nat South Boston, in which he continued for \nnearly three years. In 1859 he entered the \nbusiness for the sale of ship stores on Broad \nstreet, where he was located for about ten \nyears. He later engaged in the liquor trade \nuntil 1878, when he opened an office as a \nbroker and dealer in real estate. He repre- \nsented old Ward 7 in the Legislature of \n1865-66, and served in the Common Council \nof 1865, '66, '68, \"69, '71, '72, '73, '74, '75, \n'76, '77, and he was a member of the Board \nof Aldermen in 1879, '80, '81. In 1883 \nhe was again a member of the Common \nCouncil, and was elected president of that \nbody, being the first Irish-American who \nheld that office. In the same year he was \nappointed superintendent of streets of the \ncity of Boston, the position he held at the \ntime of his death. He was a member of \nthe Charitable Irish Society, Knights of St. \nPatrick, and other organizations, and was \nat one time captain of the old Montgomery \nGuard, Ninth Regiment, M.V.M. k \n\nFOGARTY, JEREMIAH W., assessor's \nclerk, born in Boston, Sept. I, 1846. He \ngraduated from the Quincy School, 1 860, and \nthe English High School in 1863. He then \nengaged in the railroad business, and was \nemployed as chief business clerk at the East \nBoston office of the Boston & Albany Rail- \nroad. He was appointed assessor's clerk in \n1875, and also receiving-teller of the col- \nlector's department. He has been secretary \nof the Charitable Irish Society since 1885, \nand is one of the committee appointed to \ncomplete a history of the society. \n\nFox, JAMES W.1 \n\nGAGAN, EDWARD, born in Charlestown, \nDec. 14, 1849. He was educated in the \npublic schools of this vicinity. In 1863 he \nshipped in the navy, from which he was \nhonorably discharged at the expiration of his \nservice in 1865. Some years ago he learned \n\n\n1 Se« Lawyers. \n\n\nthe trade of an iron moulder, but is at \npresent engaged in the liquor business in \nCharlestown. He is a member of Abraham \nLincoln Post, has been a member of the \nDemocratic Ward and City Committee for a \nnumber of years past, and represented Ward \n5 in the General Court of 1885. \n\nGALLAGHER, JAMES H., born in Boston, \nSept. 29, 1855. He attended the Mayhew \nSchool of this city. He became employed \nafter leaving school at furniture polishing, \nand later worked about five years as a \nglazier. About 1872 he engaged in the \nliquor business, which he has continued since. \nHe represented Ward 7 in the Common \nCouncil of 1883, '84, '85, and during the latter \nyear was a member of the Board of Public \nInstitutions. He was at one period presi- \ndent of the West End Athletic Club and \nWest End Boat Club. On Jan. 31, 1883, \nhe was appointed a Justice of the Peace by \nGovernor Butler. \n\nGALLAGHER, WILLIAM, real estate, born in \nBoston, Nov. 8, 1818, died at South Boston, \nJune I, 1884. He was educated in the public \nschools, and was at one time engaged in the \nstove trade. He was also largely connected \nas trustee and commissioner of real-estate \ntransactions, and held the office of first \nassistant assessor in 1860, '62, '65, 67, '70, \n'73. In 1863-64 he represented old Ward \n12 in the Common Council. He was for \nmany years identified with the Phillips Con- \ngregational Church, holding offices in the \nchurch and society. He was one of the \noriginal incorporators of the South Boston \nSavings Bank, a member of St. Paul's Lodge \nF. and A.M., St. Matthew's R.A. Chapter, \nand St. Omer Commandery of Knights \nTemplars. He was always identified with \nmatters of local interest in the South Boston \ndistrict. He was the father of Hon. Charles \nF. and Mr. William Gallagher. \n\nGALLIVAN, WILLIAM J., United States \nclerk, born in Boston, Feb. 2, 1865. He \nwas a graduate of the Lawrence Grammar \n\n\n362 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nand Boston Latin Schools, and Harvard Uni- \nversity, class of 1888. He was for a time \nemployed as extra clerk in the Assessors' \nDepartment, also for the registrars of \nvoters of the city, and is now clerk in the \nwarehouse department of the United States \nCustom House in Boston. He is a member \nof the Young Men's Catholic Association \nof Boston College, and of the School and \nCollege Alumni. \n\nGALVIN, OWEN A.1 \n\nGARGAN, FRANCIS, agent, Republic Mills, \nborn in Boston, Dec. 25, 1846. He was \neducated in the public schools of this city, \nand also at the Georgetown College, D.C., \nwhere he studied one year in the senior \nclass. He represented Ward 8 in the \nLegislature of 1878. \n\nGILMAN, JOHN E., settlement clerk at \nBoard of Directors' office of Public Institu- \ntions, born in Boston, Mass., Dec. 22, 1844. \nHe was educated at the Boston public \nschools. When fourteen years of age he was \nwithdrawn from school and apprenticed to \nPond & Duncklee, tinsmiths. He enlisted \nat Boston in the Twelfth (Webster) Regi- \nment, Massachusetts Volunteers, Aug. 5, 1862. \nHe was sent to Camp Cameron, Cambridge, \nand afterwards ordered to the seat of war. \nHe joined his regiment at Rapidan river, Va., \nAug. 13, 1862, and was attached to Thomp- \nson's Independent Pennsylvania Battery, and \nengaged with them in battles at Rappahan- \nnock Station, Thoroughfare Gap, Bull Run, \n2d, and Chantilly. On Sept. I, 1862, he re- \njoined the regiment at Hall's Hill, Va., and \nengaged in battles at South Mountain, Md., \nSeptember 14; Antietam, September 17; \nFredericksburg, December 13; and Chan- \ncellorsville. He fought on the memorable \nfield of Gettysburg, July I and 2, 1863. \nDuring that fearful and decisive struggle \nfor the preservation of the Union Mr. \nOilman gallantly faced the horror and peril \n\n\ni See Lawyers. \n\n\nof that hard-fought and well-won battle. \nOn the second day of July he lost his right \narm, near the shoulder, by a shell. He was \nsent to the hospital at York , Penn., and he \nwas discharged Sept. 28, 1863. His com- \nmanders were: Capt. Benjamin F. Cook, \nof Company E; Col. Fletcher Webster \n(son of Daniel) , who was killed at Bull Run ; \nCol. James L. Bates, who succeeded the latter; \nand General Reynolds, of the First Corps, \nwho was killed at Gettysburg, July i. He was \nmessenger and assistant doorkeeper at the \nState House, 1864-65, and has been a Justice \nof the Peace since 1866. He was a State \nconstable from 1865-73, and then employed \nas settlement clerk by the Board of State \nCharities from 1879 until 1883, which position \nhe resigned to assume the duties of his present \noccupation. As a member of the John A. \nAndrew Post 15, G.A.R., from 1868-75, and \nsubsequently of the Charles Russell Lowell \nPost 7, G.A.R., he won good recognition \nfrom his comrades. He transferred to \nThomas G. Hatton Post 26, G.A.R., of \nRoxbury, Jan. 19, 1885. He was elected \nofficer of the day, 1886-87, anc^ commander \n(26), 1 888. He is a member of the Gettysburg \nClub. He was the poet at the dedication of \nthe Twelfth Regiment monument on the field \nof Gettysburg. He composed and read an \noriginal poem for the occasion, and unveiled \nthe Twelfth Regiment monument. He is \na member of the Twelfth Regiment Associa- \ntion, representing Company E. He has \nbeen president of the Young Men's Catholic \nAssociation of Boston College. He founded \na House of Representatives for the associa- \ntion, after the plan of that branch of the \nState government. He was elected five \ntimes president of the Shield Literary \nInstitute, and the first president of the \nBoston Oratorio Society, 1873; vice-presi- \ndent, 1874-77; and president since then. \n\nHe was elected president of the Clover \nClub, 1887. He is a Catholic, and a mem- \nber of St. Mary's choir since 1865, and \nbass soloist since 1877. He has written \nfor the Boston \"Journal,\" \"Gettysburg \nPoems ;\" \"King Alcohol,\" for \" The Nation; \" \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n363 \n\n\nand a touching poem entitled \" War,\" for \nthe \" Grand Army Record.\" \n\nCLANCY, JOHN, advertising agent, has \nbeen one of Boston's leading Irish-Ameri- \ncans for forty years. Mr. Clancy, who was \npaymaster of the old Columbian Artillery, \nBoston, from which the old Ninth Massa- \nchusetts Regiment sprang, was born in \nCounty Leitrim, Ireland, in the year 1829, — \na very remarkable one in Irish history, being \nthe year that gave emancipation, or, in other \nwords, liberty of conscience, to the people. \nHe was a Young Irelander in 1848, the year \nhe immigrated to this country. Being always \npatriotic, he joined the Columbian Artillery \nof Boston, immediately after landing, and \ndeclared his intentions of becoming a citizen \nof the United States. He remained a mem- \nber of the Columbians until disbanded by \nGovernor Gardiner in 1854. Mr. Clancy, \nat the Burns's Riot in Boston, and under \nColonel Cass, who was then captain, took \na musket and did duty as private, and \nwas ordered by Captain Cass to take the \nhead of the company, where he remained \nwithout flinching during that eventful period. \nMr. Clancy has taken an active part in \neverything that interested the Irish people \nin Boston since then. He was in the city \ngovernment of Boston during the years \n1862, '63, '64; and represented the old Third \nWard in the Legislature of Massachusetts \ntwo years, in 1865 and 1866, when there \nwere only six Democrats in the Legis- \nlature against two hundred and thirty- \nfour Republicans. He was truly in the \nglorious minority, as he himself many \ntimes remarked ; but nevertheless he was in- \nstrumental in carrying two or three very \nimportant measures under Gov. John A. \nAndrew, who commissioned him as a Justice \nof Peace of Massachusetts, a commission he \nstill holds. In 1861, when the war broke \nout, he took a lively interest in the formation \nof the Ninth, under Colonel Cass, presented \nthe regiment with the two battle-flags which \nthe regiment carried through every battle, \nand can now be seen riddled to shreds in the \n\n\narchives of the State. Mr. Glancy always \nattends the reunion of the Ninth, and he has \nhimself declared he considers himself the \ngodfather, or at least one of the godfathers, \nof the old regiment that covered itself with \nglory. \n\nGORMAN, DENNIS J., clerk, Assessors' De- \npartment, born in Boston, Oct. 25, 1843. \nHe graduated from the Boylston School in \n1856, and Evening High School in 1860. \nHe subsequently learned the photographic \nstock business, and later attended Holy \nCross College. In 1867 was one of the \nBoard of Directors of the Charitable Irish \nSociety. He represented Ward 5 in the \nLegislature of 1869-70. He has been a \nmember of the Ninth Massachusetts Regi- \nment since 1865, serving from private to \ncaptain. He assisted in organizing six com- \npanies of the Fifty-fifth Massachusetts Regi- \nment, which done service at New Orleans \nduring the Civil War. Some time ago he was \nappointed a clerk in the Assessors' Depart- \nment of the city of Boston. \n\nGRAHAM, JAMES B., painter, born in Hali- \nfax, N.S., about 1838. He came to Boston \nwhen about ten years of age, and has since \nresided in this city. He represented Ward 20 \nin the Common Council of 1876, and was a \nmember of the Democratic Ward and City \nCommittee of the same year. He was also \na member of the General Court of 1877, '78, \nand was reelected to the Common Council \nof 1884, '85, '86. \n\nGRIFFIN, GERALD, born in Yonkers, \nN.Y., about 1853; died at Boston, Mass., \nMarch, 1889. He was educated in the \nschools of his native place, and at Brooklyn, \nN.Y. He had been a resident of Boston \nfor about fourteen years, and at the time of \nhis death was the New England representa- \ntive of Cassell & Co., the London publishers. \nHe was elected a member of the Boston \nSchool Committee in 1886, to fill a vacancy, \nand was reelected in the same year for a \nterm of th.ree years. He was a Democrat, a \n\n\n364 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nprogressive educator, and a member of many \norganizations, including the Y.M.C.A. of \nBoston College, the Orpheus Musical and \nClover Clubs. \n\nHAGGERTY, DAVID J., lawyer, born in \nBoston, }an. i, 1857. He was educated in \nthe public schools of this city, and at pres- \nent resides at South Boston. He is a com- \nmissioned officer of the Ninth Regiment, \nM.V.M.; and represented Ward 14 in the \nGeneral Court of 1886, '87, '88, serving on \nimportant committees. \n\nHAGGERTY, ROGER, grocer, born in Lee- \nmacrosson, County Donegal, Ireland, May, \n1846. He arrived in this country in 1865, \nand located in Boston. He was educated at \none of the national schools in his native \nland. He was employed in Boston as a \nteamster for five years, which business he \ndiscontinued and engaged in groceries for \nhimself. He represented Ward 7 in the \nCommon Council of 1887-88. He is a \nmember of both the Catholic and the Ancient \nOrder of Foresters, and the Charitable Irish \nSociety. \n\nHANLEY, PATRICK T. — He was born in \nRoscommon, Ireland, in 1831, and came to \nthe United States with his people when only \ntwelve years old. He lived for some time \nafter his arrival here at Hamilton, O., and \nlearned there the trade of cooper. In 1848 \nhe moved to Boston at the request of Messrs. \nFisher & Chapin, pork merchants, with whom \nhe served as foreman of their packing estab- \nlishment until 1 860, when he visited Ireland. \nIn 1853-54 young Hanley was a member of \nthe Columbian Artillery, Fifth Regiment, \nM. V.M., which was, at the time, commanded \nby Captain Thompson and Col. Thomas Cass; \nafterward of the \" Irish Ninth,\" was a lieu- \ntenant of the company. After his European \ntrip he returned to Boston in 1861, just at the \ntime of the breaking out of the war, and \nCaptain Cass invited his cooperation in organ- \nizing Company A, Columbian Guards, Ninth \nRegiment. He readily consented to assist \n\n\nin the work, and extended his usefulness \nrarther as one of the organizers of Company B, \nOtis Guard, of which he was mustered into \nservice himself as first lieutenant. At Ar- \nlington Heights, Va., in August, 1861, Lieu- \ntenant Hanley succeeded as captain of the \nOtis Guard ; and on the death of Lieutenant- \nColonel Peard, to whose position Maj. P. R, \nGuiney was advanced, Captain Hanley, in \nJanuary, 1862, was commissioned major. \nAfter the Seven Days' battles on the Penin- \nsula, Gen. Fitz John Porter, commanding \nthe Fifth Corps, issued Special Order No. 92, \ndated July 30, 1862, \"for gallant conduct in \nthe field of battle,\" in which he recommended \nthat Major Hanley be promoted to the lieu- \ntenant-colonelcy, made vacant by the promo- \ntion of Guiney after the death of Cass; and he \nimmediately received his commission. \n\nOn the 5th of May, 1864, the Ninth Regi- \nment was among the first infantry corps to \ncharge the enemy in the Wilderness cam- \npaign. Marching in line of battle to the \nfront, Colonel Guiney received a wound that \nlost him an eye, and Lieutenant-Colonel \nHanley was compelled to assume command; \nand from that time to the close of the war \ngallantly led his regiment through many \ndesperate engagements. In September, \n1864, Colonel Hanley married Miss Sarah \nC. McTague, daughter of Mr. Patrick F. \nMcTague, an old and time -honored resident \nof Charlestown. Thirteen children iiave \nblessed this union, ten of whom are now \nliving, — five boys and five girls. For the past \nsixteen years Colonel Hanley has been \nengaged in the brewing business with Messrs. \nJames McCormick & Co. He is always \nidentified with the welfare of our charitable \ninstitutions, and is recognized as one of \nBoston's prominent Irish citizens. \n\nHARKINS, DOMINICK J., upholsterer, born \nin Boston, Feb. 18, 1856. He received \nhis education at St. Mary's Institute. He \nwas elected a member of the General Court \nfrom Ward 7 in 1884, to &11 t^e vacancy \ncaused by the death of Representative John \nDoherty, and also in 1885 and 1886. During \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n365 \n\n\nhis service in the Legislature he was on the \nCommittee on Drainage. \n\nHAYES, JAMES B., grocer, born in Boston, \nMarch, 1858. He is a graduate of the \nQuincy Grammar School, and of the English \nHigh School of 1874. He first entered the \nmerchandise brokerage business with Benja- \nmin W. Parker, and remained one year, \nwhen he accepted a position as stenographer \nfor the Boston & Lowell Railroad. He is \nnow engaged in the grocery business on his \nown account. In 1888 was a member of \nthe Common Council. \n\nHAYES, JOHN E., born in Boston, March \n6, 1845. He was educated in the public \nschools of this city. During the war he \nserved with the Forty-fifth Massachusetts \nVolunteers and the Eleventh Battery. He is \na prominent Democrat of Charlestown, and \nwas a member of the House in 1883 and \n1887. During his terms in the Legislature \nhe served on the Committees on Military \nAffairs and Elections. \n\nHAYES, JOHN J., commission merchant, \nborn in Killarney, Ireland, Jan. 26, 1845. \nHe was educated at the schools of Dublin, \nIreland. For some years past he has taken \nan active interest in the business and political \ninterests of the city. From 1876 to 1880, \ninclusive, he was a member of the Boston \nSchool Committee, and represented the Eighth \nDistrict in the Legislature of 1886. He is a \nmember of the firm of Hayes & Engle, im- \nporters and commission merchants, and ranks \namong the prosperous young business men of \nthis vicinity. \n\nHAYES, JOHN W., born in Boston, July 7, \n1852, where he has always resided. He \nattended the public schools of this city until \neleven years of age. He was apprenticed to \nMcAteer Bros, at the age of fifteen, and \nworked at his trade in various places for \neleven years. About ten years ago he \nbecame engaged in the saloon business. He \nhas been a member of the Democratic Ward \n\n\nand City Committee for four years, and of \nthe Common Council of 1886, '87, '88, serving \non a number of important committees. He \nhas also been a member of Court Constantino \nCatholic Order of Foresters, for four years. \n\nHAYES, WALTER L., elected to serve in \nthe Common Council during the year 1889. \n\nHAYNES, EDWARD F.1 \n\nHENRY, NEIL, bill-poster, born in County \nDerry, Ireland, March 29, 1853. He immi- \ngrated to this country very early in life, and \nreceived his education in the Boston public \nschools. He is by occupation a bill-poster, \nand resides at the North End. He was a \nmember of the Legislature of 1879 from \nWard 7. \n\nHOAR, JOHN J., salesman, born in Brook- \nlyn, N.Y., June 17, 1863. In 1865 he re- \nmoved to Dorchester with his parents. He \nattended the Dearborn School and Boston \nCollege. He was employed as clerk for R. \nH. White & Co. from 1880 to 1882, and \nlater for Jordan, Marsh, & Co., where he left \nin 1 884 to take his present position as sales- \nman for Richardson & Co., dealers in paints \nand oils. He is a member of the Holy Name \nSociety of St. Patrick's Church, Massachu- \nsetts Lodge 1,226, Knights of Honor, was \nvice-president of the Norfolk Associates for \na year and a half, and represented Ward 20 \nin the Common Council of 1887, '88, '89, \nserving on the Committees on East Boston \nFerries and Sewers. \n\nJENKINS, EDWARD J. \n\nJOYCE, JOHN, currier, born in London, \nEngland, May, 1857. He was educated in \nIreland. He has served in the United \nStates Army and Navy. He was a member \nof the House of Representatives from Ward \n19 in 1879, '80, '8 1, and served on the Com- \nmittee on Parishes and Religious Societies. \n\n» See Lawyers. \n\n\n366 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nKEARINS, PATRICK, born in County Gal- \nway, Ireland, March 15, 1849. He attended \nthe National School in Ballencurry, Ireland, \nand immigrated to New York in 1865, remov- \ning to Vermont in 1 866, and, finally, to Bos- \nton in the following year, where he has since \nbeen located. He was employed as a team- \nster for three years, afterward as coachman; \nlater with James O'Brien, dealer in whole- \nsale liquors, and then began the business of \nwholesale and retail liquors for himself. He \nserved in the Common Council from Ward 6 \nin 1884, '85, '86, and was a member of the \nCommittees on Claims, Public Parks, Com- \nmon, Water, Fisher Hill Investigation, and \nchairman of Committee on East Boston \nFerries. \n\nKEEFE, JOHN A., elected to the Common \nCouncil for the year 1889. \n\nKEENAN, THOMAS F.1 \n\nKELIHER, THOMAS J., grocer, born in Bos- \nton, Oct. 13, 1858. He graduated from the \nBrimmer School in 1872. He was first em- \nployed with his father in the grocery busi- \nness, and afterwards obtained an interest in \nthe concern, under the firm name of Keliher \n& Son. He was a, member of the Common \nCouncil of 1885/86, '87, '88, and served on \nmany of the important committees. \n\nKELLEY, FRANCIS B:, painter, born in \nIreland, Jan. 12, 1844. He came to Amer- \nica in 1847, and received his education in the \npublic schools of Roxbury. He represented \nWard 22 in the Legislature of 1881. \n\nKELLEY, JOHN, assistant inspector of \nbuildings, born in County Limerick, Ire- \nland, April 7, 1830. He immigrated to this \ncountry in ,1834, and located in Charlestown, \nwhere he has since resided. He was edu- \ncated in the Charlestown public schools, \nand afterwards went to work in a rope-walk. \nHe subsequently learned his trade as a \n\n1 See Journalists. \n\n\nmason, and worked at it for a number \nof years. He represented Ward 3 in the \nCommon Council of 1875, '76, '77. He \nwas later appointed an inspector of build- \nings, his present position. He has been \nconnected with the St. Mary's Mutual Relief \nSociety for thirty-one years; is a member \nof the Charlestown Veteran Fire Association, \nSt. Mary's Temperance Society, and the \nMontgomery Veteran Association. \n\nKELLEY, JOHN P., plumber, born in Rox- \nbury, Mass., in 1849. He attended the pub- \nlic schools, and Bryant & Stratton's College \nduring the evening. He learned the \nplumber's trade while employed by P. D. \nAllen. He was a member of the Common \nCouncil in the year 1888-89. He is a mem- \nber of the Roxbury Bachelor Club, the Clan- \nna-Gael Society, and Company A, First \nRegiment, M.V.M. \n\nKELLEY, THOMAS F., printer, born in Bos- \nton, Dec. 4, 1861. He graduated from \nthe Mayhew School, 1873. He worked on \nthe Boston \" Daily Globe \" about two years \nafter leaving school, and then entered the \nRand-Avery establishment to learn the \nprinter's trade. He represented Ward 8 in \nthe Common Council of 1887-88. He is a \nmember of the St. Joseph's Young Men's \nCatholic Association and the Hendricks Club. \n\nKENDRJCKEN, PAUL H., manufacturer, \nborn in the County of Galway, Ireland, De- \ncember 25, 1834. He received a common- \nschool education in the Cooper-street and \nMayhew schools in Boston. He possessed \ntalent, and showed a decided inclination for \nmechanical engineering. He spent his even- \nings in study to fit him for that occupation, \nand qualified himself laudably and success- \nfully. He passed an excellent examination \nas an engineer in the spring of 1862, and a \nfew months later he was commissioned third \nassistant engineer in the U. S. Navy, and \nserved in that capacity until promoted to the \nposition of second assistant engineer, Sept. 6, \n1863, for bravery under the hardest fire. His \n\n\nPAUL H KENDRICKEN \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n367 \n\n\nfirst service was\" on board the \" Connemaugh \" \nof Admiral Dupont's fleet. Subsequently he \nwas under Admirals Dahlgren and Farragut \non board the ship \" Circassian \" and the moni- \ntor \"Nauset,\" from which he was transferred \nto the \" Connemaugh \" by request of its com- \nmander. Mr. Kendricken's first engage- \nment was at the attack on Fort Wagner, \nMorris Island, which was captured in 1863, \nafter a long struggle, by the land and naval \nforces. He was with Admiral Farragut while \npassing Forts Morgan and Gaines, in Mobile \nBay, when the celebrated ram \" Tennessee \" \nwas captured. Thence he proceeded up the \nMississippi river, and participated in the en- \ngagements at Baton Rouge and vicinity. Mr. \nKendricken served in the navy four years and \nthree months, and his resignation was ac- \ncepted Sept. 6, 1866, at which time he \nreceived a diploma from the Naval Depart- \nment, on which were inscribed words of \ngratitude for his valuable services. He also \nreceived a similar diploma from the State of \nMassachusetts. At the close of his service \nhe returned to Boston, and was at once ap- \npointed superintendent of the steam-heating \nworks of T. S. Clogston & Co., and filled the \nposition until the death of Mr. Clogston, \nwhen he formed a copartnership with Mr. \nIngalls, one of Mr. Clogston's partners, and \nestablished the firm of Ingalls & Kendricken, \nnow one of the most successful and reliable \nfirms in this line of business in the city. \nMr. Kendricken married an estimable lady \nand settled at Boston Highlands,^ where his \npublic spirit was quickly appreciated. He \nwas elected a member of the Common \nCouncil of Ward 20 in 1878, and reelected \nin 1879 and 1880, when he positively declined \nto be reelected. A new honor was bestowed \nupon him by the people when they elected \nhim to the aldermanic board, in 1883, where \nhe served with credit to himself and benefit \nto the city. He was a director for Public \nInstitutions, and introduced many improve- \nments and reforms. In the fall of 1884 he \nwas elected to the Massachusetts Senate, \ndefeating Mr. Charles Whittier, president of \nthe Whittier Machine Company, the Repub- \n\n\nlican candidate. He was the first Democrat \nthat his party had been able to elect since \nthe formation of the district, and his success \ncaused much rejoicing. During his senatorial \nterm he was on the side of popular govern- \nment. He opposed the Metropolitan Police \nBill vigorously, and advocated the bill com- \npelling corporations to make weekly pay- \nments to their employees, which would have \napplied to all incorporated cities and towns, \nas well as to business corporations. He \nurged and fought for the passage of the \nSoldiers' Exemption Bill, which was calculated \nto relieve veteran soldiers from the restric- \ntions of the civil-service rules in the matter \nof employment and appointment to office. \nThe tenure of office bill for school teachers \nreceived his attention, and his efforts were \ndirected towards its successful passage. This \nbill passed, and under it teachers retain their \npositions until removed by a vote of the \ncommittee. He was interested in the Tax \nLimitation Bill, which curtailed the borrowing \ncapacity of the city. The passage of this \nlaw helped Mayor O'Brien in lowering the \ntax-rate. The new city charter shows much \nof his handiwork. In 1885 he was reelected \nto the Senate, defeating his Republican op- \nponent, Mr. Halsey J. Boardman, by a hand- \nsome majority. He proposed and effected \nthe passage of the Park Loan Bill, amount- \ning to two million five hundred thousand dol- \nlars. The vote stood eight to three against \nthe bill before he had it passed. He is a \nlarge owner of real estate, notably the Hotel \nNightingale, situated on Dudley, corner of \nFolsom street, which is assessed for ninety \nthousand dollars. He is a member of Ed- \nward Kingsley Post 113, G.A.R., Commo- \ndore of the Kearsarge Association of Naval \nVeterans, and has a large interest in the \nRoxbury Club, of which he is a director. It \nincludes some of the most influential and \nprominent men on its membership roll. \n\nKENNEDY, PATRICK J., trader, born in \nEast Boston, Jan. 2, 1858. His early edu- \ncation was acquired in the public schools. \nHe is a well-known Democrat of Noddle's \n\n\n368 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nIsland, and has served in the Legislature \nduring 1886 and 1887. As a member of the \nlower branch of the Legislature he was a \nmember of the Committees on Cities and \nPrinting. \n\nKIDNEY, JOHN A., auditor's clerk, born \nin Boston, Feb. 2, 1849. He graduated \nfrom the Eliot School in 1 864, and afterwards \nattended the English High School. He was \nemployed by Geo. B. Upton, merchant, \nthe New England Lithographic Company, \nand from 1874 to 1878 was engaged as \ntreasurer and secretary of the shoe-machine \ncompanies of H. E. Townsend. He was \nin the insurance business for a short period, \nuntil he accepted the position, in July, 1880, \nof clerk in the auditor's office of the city of \nBoston. He represented Ward 6 in the \nCommon Council of 1877, '78, '79, and to \nJuly, 1880. He is a member of American \nLegion of Honor, Paul Revere Mutual Bene- \nfit Association, and Irish Charitable Society. \n\nKINNEY, JOHN F., elected to serve in the \nCommon Council for the year 1889. \n\nLAMB, ABRAHAM J., provision dealer, \nborn in Boston, July 27, 1844. He received \nhis educational training in the public schools \nof this city. He has been engaged in the \nprovision business for some time past; repre- \nsented Ward 1 6 in the Common Council of \n1872-73 and the Legislature of 1881, '82, '83, \nserving on the Committee on Mercantile Af- \nfairs. \n\nLANE, THOMAS J., superintendent of print- \ning, born in Mallow, County of Cork, Ireland, \nDec. 15, 1843. He immigrated in 1850, \nand located in Boston. He attended the \npublic schools until eleven years of age, \nwhen he left to learn the printer's trade. He \nserved an apprenticeship in the offices of \nDamrell & Moore and J. E. Farwell & Co. \nHe left the latter office at nineteen years of \nage to enter the service of the United States \nin the Rebellion, and enlisted as private in a \ncompany of the Forty-fourth Massachusetts \nVolunteers. The regiment did nine months' \n\n\nservice in North Carolina, and upon its return \nMr Lane reenlisted in the Fourth Massa- \nchusetts Cavalry, serving as the company \nquartermaster-sergeant, second and first lieu- \ntenant He served until the close of the \nwar, when the company was disbanded at \nGalloupe's Island, by order of the adjutant- \ngeneral. After the war he returned to Far- \nwell's printing-office, where he remained \nuntil the spring of 1 866, when he entered \nthe employ of Rockwell & Churchill. In \n1883 he was appointed superintendent of \nprinting of the city of Boston. \n\nLAPPEN, JOHN EDWARD, wooden and \nwillow ware, born in Chelsea, Mass., Jan. I, \n1855. He graduated from the Lawrence \nGrammar School in 1869, and attended the \nEnglish High School for a year. He after- \nwards became employed by his uncle, of the \nfirm of Owen Lappen & Co., dealers in \nwooden and willow ware, and on Oct. \n10, 1885, began business in the same line for \nhimself. He served in the Common Council \nof 1883, '84, '85, and was a member of the \nCommittees on Treasury and Collector's De- \npartments, City Hospital, Improved Sewer- \nage, and Finance. He is a member of the \nRoyal Arcanum and Charitable Irish Society. \n\nLEAHY, DENNIS J., real estate, born in \nBoston, July 28, 1856. He was educated in \nthe public schools of Boston. He is at pres- \nent a member of the firm of Leahy & Kelly, \nreal-estate dealers and auctioneers. He has \nbeen a member of the State Militia, and repre- \nsented Ward 6 in the Legislature of 1885-86, \nserving on the Committee on Mercantile \nAffairs. \n\nLEARY, EDWARD J., music compositor, born \nin South Boston, May 27, 1860. He was \neducated in the public schools of this city. \nHe was first employed by the Suffolk Glass \nCompany, and later, until 1 887, by Giles & Gay. \nHe represented Ward 13 in the Common \nCouncil of 1886-87 an(i ^e General Court \nof 1888, serving on important committees in \nboth bodies. He is a member of St. Peter \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n369 \n\n\nand Paul's Total Abstinence Society, South \nBoston Athletic Club, Knights of Labor, \nAvenue Hall Democratic Club, and Chief \nRanger, St. Peter and Paul's Catholic Order \nof Foresters. \n\nLEE, JOHN H., reporter, born in Boston, \nApril 26, 1846. He was educated in the \npublic schools, and afterwards attended a \nprivate academy. He was first employed as \nan apprentice to a wood-turner; afterward \nlearned chemistry; later became hotel clerk, \nand finally proprietor. He has been en- \ngaged, in recent years, as a reporter of the \nlive-stock market for daily and trade papers. \nHe is a resident of Brighton, and represented \nWard 25 in the Common Council of 1883, \n'84, '85, '86, and served as president of that \nbody during 1 884. He has been one of the \nleading Democrats of local fame for several \nyears, and a member of the Democratic \nWard and City Committee for ten years, \nserving as president during 1885-86. \n\nLOGAN, LAWRENCE J., born in Ireland, \nAug. 12, 1842. He was educated in the \nnational schools of his native country. He \ncame to the United States in 1858, and first \nlocated in Worcester, Mass., where he went \nto work in an iron foundry. He served an \napprenticeship of four years at the iron- \nmoulding trade, when he removed to Boston \nand engaged as clerk for P. F. Logan. In \n1 86 1 he was admitted a partner, under the firm \nstyle of P. F. Logan & Brother, which contin- \nued until 1873, when he succeeded to the \nbusiness. He enlisted as private in the Ninth \nMassachusetts Regiment in 1866, was pro- \nmoted from time to time, and now holds the \nposition of lieutenant-colonel of the regi- \nment. Thus he has rendered military ser- \nvice for twenty-three years. Mr. Logan \nhas been a member of the Democratic City \nCommittee since 1867, served four years as \nits treasurer, succeeding Michael Doherty, \nand represented the Fourth District in the \nGovernor's Council of 1886-87. He is a \nleading Irish Nationalist, is -connected also \nwith a number of American societies, was \n\n\nformerly a director of the Home for Desti- \ntute Catholic Children, and has always been \na liberal contributor to Catholic charities. \nHe is a member of the Charitable Irish \nSociety, makes an excellent presiding officer \nat a public meeting, and is a large real-estate \n\n\nLOMASNEY, JOSEPH P., printer, born in \nBoston, March 10, 1863. He attended the \nMayhew and Phillips Schools, and engaged in \nearning a livelihood at the age of fifteen years. \nAfter learning the printer's trade he became \nemployed in the Lamp Department for two \nyears. In 1 883 he took an active part in the \nIndependent Democratic movement in Ward \n8. He was a member of the Common \nCouncil during 1888, representing the eighth \nward. \n\nLYNCH, JOHN E., boiler-maker, born in St \nJohn, N.B., Jan. 28, 1852. He was educated \nin the public schools of both St. John and Bos- \nton. He learned the trade of boiler-maker \nat the establishment of Cook, Rymes, & Co., \nCharlestown, and afterwards accepted a posi- \ntion hi 1 87 1 as clerk in the office of E. P. Hodge \n& Co., boiler-makers at East Boston, of which \nfirm he is now a member. He was connected \nwith (he Republican Ward and City Commit- \ntee for two years, a member of the Common \nCouncil of 1884-85, the Legislature of 1886- \n87, and is at present a director of East Boston \nFerries. He is a member of Mt. Tabor \nIx)dge F. and A.M., St. John's Royal Arch \nChapter, East Boston Council Royal and \nSelect Masters, Wm. Parkman Commandery \nof Knights Templars, Knights of Honor, An- \ncient Order of United Workmen, Massachu- \nsetts Charitable Mechanic Association, and a \ndirector of the Suffolk Masonic Mutual Relief \nAssociation, Boston Citizens' Electric Light \nand Power Company, and the Free Press \nPublishing Company. He is a resident of \nEast Boston. \n\nLYONS, THOMAS F., sign writer and painter, \nborn in Boston, Nov. 17, 1850. He gradu- \nated from the Lawrence Grammar School. \n\n\n370 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nOn March 10, 1864, at the age of fourteen \nyears, he entered the service of the United \nStates Navy as a third-class boy, but was \nshortly promoted to the rank of first class. \nHe was sent to the front on board the United \nStates supply-boat \" Connecticut,\" of the \nWest Gulf blockading squadron under Ad- \nmiral Farragut, and was engaged at Mobile \nBay. He was ordered aboard the famous \nrebel ram \" Tennessee,\" and took an active \npart in the engagement against Fort Morgan; \nafterward he did service at the mouth of the \nRed river, and on board the United States \ngunboat \"Glasgow,\" in charge of Admiral \nThatcher. At the age of sixteen he began \nan apprenticeship of about seven years at \nsign and decorative painting, his present \nbusiness. He represented Ward 19 in the \nCommon Council of 1888-89. \n\nMACNAMARA, DANIEL G., was born in Bos- \nton, Mass., April 12, 1839, received a public- \nschool and academic education; taught \npenmanship and book-keeping at the age of \nsixteen; is the youngest of three brothers, com- \nmissioned officers of the Ninth, who recruited \nand organized Company E in April, 1861, \nfor the Ninth Regiment. He was commis- \nsioned a lieutenant in the State Militia, but \npreferred to be mustered into the volunteer \nservice in 1861 as first sergeant; was pro- \nmoted commissary and quartermaster-ser- \ngeant, second and first lieutenant, and at the \nage of twenty-two, quartermaster of the regi- \nment; was constantly with his regiment dur- \ning three years' service, and never off duty \nor on the sick list; was slightly wounded at \nFredericksburg; was highly commended as \nbrave, faithful, and competent in the dis- \ncharge of all his duties by his superior offi- \ncers. He served in Texas as lieutenant in \nthe Twenty-fifth Army Corps; was adjutant \nof the Ninth Militia Regiment in 1868-69. \nRead law with the intention of becoming a \nmember of the Suffolk Bar, but subsequently \naccepted a clerkship under Collector Russell \nat the Boston Custom House in 1 867, where \nhe is still employed, with the same faithful- \nness and constancy that marked his career in \n\n\nthe war. At the present time he is major of \nthe Montgomery Veterans and president \nof the Society of the Ninth Regiment, in his \nsixth term. He is a past commander of \nJohn A. Andrew Post 15, G.A.R., of this \ncity. His untiring and unselfish interest in \nhis old comrades of the Ninth Regiment is \nhighly appreciated by all, and their regard \nfor him grows stronger as they grow older. \nHis elder brother, Capt James W. Macnamara, \nwas killed in action at the Wilderness under \nGeneral Grant. He was a brilliant soldier. \nThe history of the Ninth Regiment was \nwritten by his next oldest brother, Capt. \nMichael H., now living in the West. \n\nMACNAMARA, CAPT. JAMES WM., Ninth \nRegiment, Massachusetts Volunteers, was \nborn in Boston, Mass., Nov. 23, 1835. He was \nthe oldest of three brothers, who served in the \nNinth Regiment as commission officers. His \nfather, Daniel Macnamara, and his mother, \nMary — iiee Hickey — emigrated from Lim- \nerick, Ireland, and arrived in Boston in 1833. \nHe received a public-school and academic \neducation and learned the trade of printer. \nAt the age of eighteen he chose seamanship \nfor a profession, and after his first voyage \naround the world went through a thorough \ncourse of navigation under Captain Spear, of \nBoston, a professor of navigation, after which \nhe followed the sea until he obtained the \nrank of mate, under an English firm at Lon- \ndon. While on a trading voyage between \nLondon and the East Indies the Rebellion \nbroke out, and on arriving in London, on a \nreturn voyage, he learned the situation of \naffairs at home, settled up with his firm, much \nagainst their wishes, and took the first steamer \nto Boston. On his arrival at Boston he found \nhis two younger brothers, Michael and \nDaniel, raising a company for Cass's Irish \nRegiment. \n\nHis intention was to enter the cavalry ser- \nvice,— having served as a volunteer in the \nIndia service during his travels, — but \n\" blood being thicker than water \" he joined \nhis brothers, and was commissioned a second \nlieutenant of Company E, then unattached. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n371 \n\n\nOn the subsequent organization of the regi- \nment, and final muster into service June II, \n1 86 1, he and his brother Daniel were left \nout of the list of commissioned officers, and \nhe accepted the position of color-sergeant of \nCompany I (colored company), and received \nthe national flag from the hands of Governor \nAndrew the day the regiment marched for \nthe seat of war. He was, on the arrival of \nthe regiment at Washington, promoted first \nsergeant of Company I, and at the battle of \nGaines's Mills severely wounded and taken \nprisoner. On his exchange he joined his \nregiment from hospital, and was promoted a \nsecond lieutenant, having previously received \nfrom his colonel the following letter on his \nreturn to duty : — \n\n[COPY.] \n\nHEADQUARTERS NINTH MASS. VOLS., \nOct. 15, 1862. \n\nFIRST SERGEANT JAMES W. MACNAMARA : — \nSERGEANT, — I hereby appoint you acting \nsecond lieutenant in this regiment, and as soon \nas I am officially informed of a vacancy, which \nno doubt now exists, I purpose to recommend \nyou for commission. \n\nThis opportunity affords me sincere pleasure. \nYou were meritorious at Hanover, gallant at \nGaines's Mills and the Chickahotniny, and in \ncamp and on parade your conduct and appear- \nance entitles you to my esteem, and to whatever \nreward I am able to bestow. \n\n(Signed) P. R. GuiNEY, \n\nColonel commanding \nNinth Massachusetts Volunteers. \n\nThe fact that no such letter was issued by \nColonel Guiney to any other non-commis- \nsioned officer in the regiment before or since \nis proof of the high esteem in which he was \nheld. His soldierly and manly qualities soon \nadvanced him to first lieutenant and cap- \ntain. He passed through all the campaigns \nof the regiment, and in every position of trial \nand danger proved himself a brave, cool, \nand daring leader. \n\nHis motto was \" Follow me,\" and he was \nnever known to take men in where he could \n\n\nnot take them out. At Hanover Court- \nHouse, where he is particularly mentioned, \nthe right wing under command of Lieutenant- \nColonel Guiney became separated from the \nleft wing under Colonel Cass, the latter being \nin the open wheat- field, and the former well \ninto the woods and underbrush. Naturally \nthe left wing swept forward in pursuit of \nrebel General Branche's retreating troops, \nbreaking from and leaving far in the rear the \nright wing. It took but a few moments for \nColonel Guiney to discover that he was alone \nin the woods with but one-half of the regi- \nment. How to reach *and connect was the \nquestion. Sergeant Macnamara solved the \nproblem. \"Colonel,\" he said, \"I will find \nthe left wing, with your permission.\" On the \nleft flank he deployed skirmishers, and in less \ntime than it takes to write it his company \nwere out on the open field and deployed six \nyards apart in single file until he struck the \nleft wing in full pursuit of the enemy. \n\nTo communicate with Colonel Cass and \nstate the situation of affairs was but the work \nof a moment, and when the right wing came \nin sight on the double-quick and joined the \nleft, the regiment raised an Irish cheer that \nmade the retreating foe think that the \n\" Yankees \" had reinforcements. \n\nIt was then that the Ninth rendered such \ngallant service that the \" wind up \" of the \nbattle of Hanover Court-House was short, \nsharp, and decisive. \n\nNot until the last campaign of the Ninth \ndid this intrepid soldier fall. It was at the \nWilderness, May 5, 1864, under Grant, \nleading his men in a charge on the enemy. \nIn the woods they lay concealed awaiting till \nthe Ninth approached. The brigade to which \nthe Ninth was attached fell in ambush — flank \nand front. To go forward was slaughter, to \nretreat, the same. Nearly all the officers \nand one-half the men fell. Nineteen officers \nout of twenty-six were killed or wounded. \nAmong the mortally wounded was Captain \nMacnamara, shot through and through. \n\nHe now lies buried at Holyhood Cemetery, \nBrookline, where General Guiney and others \nof the Ninth \" sleep their last sleep.\" \n\n\n372 \n\n\nTHE IRISH /A BOSTON. \n\n\nMAGUIRE, PATRICK JAMES, merchant tailor, \nborn in County Fermanagh, Ireland, March \n14, 1840. He came to this city at five years \nof age, and studied at the public schools. \nHe learned the tailor's trade under Lothrop \n& Godfrey, and was employed at Oak Hall \nClothing House as foreman. He engaged \nin the tailoring business with George \nW. Jacobs, under the style of Jacobs & \nMaguire, and afterwards formed a partner- \nship under the firm name of Sullivan & \nMaguire for the carrying on of the same \nbusiness. His services in the Common Coun- \ncil include the years from 1879 through \n1884, during which time he made many street \nimprovements which largely benefited his \nsection of the city. He was a director for \npublic institutions, 1882-83, and by his \nefforts the Catholic inmates at Deer Island \nwere given the right by the city to partici- \npate in their religious exercises under the \nguidance of a Catholic priest. Mr. Maguire \nintroduced a new and economical process \nof manufacturing clothing at this institu- \ntion. The new hospital on Deer Island was \nbuilt by his strong advocacy. He was a \nDemocratic candidate for alderman, 1885, \nand was defeated. He received a re-nomi- \nnation, 1886, and was elected alderman by a \nmajority of 860 votes. He was reelected \nDemocratic alderman, 1887, by a majority \nvote of 1,200, the largest ever cast in the \naldermanic district comprising Wards 19 and \n22. He was on nearly all the important com- \nmittees. The present system of heating, as \nconducted by the Boston Steam- Heating Com- \npany, was proposed by Alderman Maguire, and \nsuccessfully carried through over the Mayor's \nveto. The improvements made in Wards 19 \nand 22 during the years of his aldermanic \nrepresentation were much in excess of those \nmade for twenty years previous, thus giving \nlaborers more employment. In 1887 he in- \ncreased the appropriation for paving streets to \n$200,000. He has been chairman of the Ward \nCommittee since 1884. The vote in Ward 19 \nwas increased from 400 to 3,000 by his assist- \nance, and the full Democratic vote will count \n2,100, He is an uncompromising Democrat. \n\n\nMAHAN, BENJAMIN F. , merchant, born at \nNorthboro' April 14, 1816; died in Boston, \nJan. 24, 1882. He came to this city while in \nhis teens, and entered the ship-store ware- \nhouse of his brother, John Mahan, on Long \nWharf, where he remained for four or five \nyears, when he began business for himself, \nand for a period of almost a half-century \nwas favorably known as a successful Long- \nWharf merchant. He became interested in \nCalifornia and Colorado mines in the days \nwhen railroading in that part of the country \nwas almost unthought of, and spent much of \nhis time for two or three years in travelling \nover these territories. He was a Democrat \nin politics. He was at one time clerk of old \nWard 3, and served as a member of the Com- \nmon Council of 1858-59. He took consid- \nerable interest in the Boston Fire Department \nin his younger days, and was an active mem- \nber under Captain Barnicoat. He was a \nmember of Columbia Lodge of Masons, and \nat one time a prominent Odd Fellow. He \nwas also a member of the old \"Winslow \nBlues,\" Handel and Haydn Society, and an \nhonorary member of the National Lancers. \n\nMAHONEY, JAMES T., harness-maker, born \nin Kilworth, County Cork, Ireland, July 20, \n1843. He came to this country with his \nparents in 1845, and attended the public \nschools of Boston until eleven years of age. \nHe was first employed as errand-boy in a \nmerchant's counting-room, afterward in a \ntobacco store, and finally was apprenticed to \na harness-maker. While learning his trade \nthe Rebellion occurred, and he enlisted in the \nFirst Massachusetts Regiment, serving until \nthe battle of Fredericksburg, where he was \nwounded in the head and limb. He was \nhonorably discharged for disability in March, \n1863, and returned to this city, where he \nlearned his trade. He was one of the or- \nganized members of the Montgomery Light \nGuard, and in 1875, '77, '78, '80 represented \nWard 13 in the General Court, and \nserved on the Committees on Prisons, Tax- \nation, and the Joint Standing Committee on \nPrinting. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n373 \n\n\nMAHONEY, JEREMIAH S., book-keeper, born \nin Boston, Dec. 26, 1855. He was educated \nin the public schools, and at the age of four- \nteen years entered business. He was presi- \ndent of the Shawmut Rowing Club during \n1885—86. He was a member of the Com- \nmon Council from Ward 13 in 1888, serv- \ning on a number of important committees. \n\nMAHONEY, PATRICK F., born in Boston, \nFeb. 5, 1847. He received his early educa- \ntion in the public schools of this city. At \nthe age of seventeen be enlisted in Company \nM, Third Regiment, Massachusetts Heavy \nArtillery, and did creditable service during \nthe Rebellion. He represented Ward 6 in \nthe General Court of 1 880-81. \n\nMAHONEY, WILLIAM J., born in Boston in \n1854. He attended the Eliot Grammar \nSchool, afterward worked at painting and \nvarnishing for five years, then for A. Winn \nand Byam & Carleton, when he engaged in \nthe liquor business for himself, which he has \nbeen identified with for the last fourteen or \nfifteen years. He has been connected with \nthe Democratic Ward and City Committee \nfor nine years, was a member of the State \nCentral Committee during 1886-87, served \nin the Common Council of 1886, '87,' 88, '89, \nfor two years president of the Commercial \nAthletic Club, and a member of the North \nEnd Fishing Club. \n\nMALONE, EDWARD, restaurateur, born in \nCounty Kilkenny, Ireland, April, 1834. \nHe came to Boston in May, 1849, and \nattended the public schools. In 1850 he \nbecame employed by Nathan Matthews, of \nthis city, for whom he .worked twenty-two \nyears, several years of which he had charge \nof his large real-estate interests. In 1872 he \nengaged in the restaurant business, and has \ncontinued in that line ever since. He repre- \nsented old Ward 2 in the Common Council of \n1 868-69, He was connected with the Bos- \nton Light Dragoons for about eight years, \nand was also a member of the Charitable \nIrish Society. He is at present a member \nof the Royal Order of Good Fellows. \n\n\nMANNING, JOHN P.1 \n\nMANNING, PATRICK H., grocer, born in \nRoscommon, Ireland, Jan. 27, 1845. He is \nat present engaged in the grocery business, \nand represented Ward 19 in the Legislature \nof 1882-83, serving on the Committee on \nState House. \n\nMAQUIRE, JOHN J., hard- wood finisher, born \nin Boston, Jan. 4, 1 850. He was educated in \nthe public schools of this city, and later \nlearned the trade of a hard-wood finisher, his \npresent occupation. He represented Ward \n13 in the Legislature of 1884. \n\nMARLEY, JAMES F., architectural metal \nwork, born in Ireland, March 25, 1857. \nHe came to this country in 1860, and \nlocated in Boston. He attended the public \nschools, Comer's Commercial College, and \ntook a mechanical-drawing course of two \nyears at the Massachusetts Institute of Tech- \nnology. He went into business in 1 876, and \nis at present a member of the firm of E. \nMarley & Bros. He was secretary of the \nDemocratic City Committee in 1883, and a \nmember of the Democratic State Central \nCommittee in 1 884. He served in the Com- \nmon Council of 1883-84, and was on the \nCommittees on Finance, Public Institutions, \nand Inspection of Buildings. He is at \npresent secretary of the Shawmut Rowing \nClub. \n\nMARTIN, JOHN B., merchant, born in South \nBoston, March i, 1848. He was educated \nin the public schools of this city. He is a \nmanufacturer of essences. In 1872, '73, '74 \nhe was a member of the Common Council, \nand in 1875 he served in the Legislature \nfrom old Ward 7. He represented the Sixth \nSuffolk District in the Senate of 1879-80. \nHe is at present president of the Board of \nDirectors for Public Institutions, and a promi- \nnent Democrat of South Boston, where he \nresides. In 1886 he was a candidate for \n\ni See Lawyers. \n\n\n374 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nDemocratic nomination to Congress in the \nFourth District Convention, the candidates at \nthe time being Messrs. Martin, Dacey, and \nO'Neil. The supporters of Mr. Martin were \nsteadfast till the last, until it was decided that \nHon. P. A. Collins should succeed himself. \n\nMCCARTHY, NICHOLAS F., elected to serve \nin the Common Council of 1889. \n\nMcCAULEY, ANDREW P., elected to serve \nin the Common Council of 1889. \n\nMcCuLLOUGH, THOMAS, painter, born in \nIreland, June n, 1840. He came to this \ncountry at an early age. During the War of \nthe Rebellion he was a non-commissioned \nofficer in Company B, twenty-second Massa- \nchusetts Regiment, and served three years. He \nparticipated in nineteen battles of the war, and \nwas wounded at Gettysburg. He represented \nWard 6 in the Legislature of 1881-82, and \nserved on the Committee on Taxation. \n\nMcDoNALD, JOHN W., real estate and ex- \nsuperintendent of streets, born in Ireland in \n1840. He came to this country in 1847. He \nwas a graduate of the Brimmer School. He \nsubsequently engaged in mercantile pursuits, \nand for twelve years afterwards was in the \nreal-estate business. He was a member of \nthe Board of Aldermen in 1884, and was \nappointed Superintendent of Streets of the \ncity of Boston ip the latter part of 1885. He \nhas been treasurer of St. Vincent de Paul \nSociety since 1878, connected with the \nHome for Destitute Children for twenty \nyears, vice-president of the Charitable Irish \nSociety, and a member of the Catholic Union. \n\nMcDoNALD, PATRICK F., iron merchant, \nborn in Boston, July 10, 1852. He grad- \nuated from the old Boylston School, Fort \nHill, in 1868, and afterward became em- \nployed by Lothrop & Co., in the iron \nbusiness. In 1877 he engaged in business for \nhimself, and at present carries on a large \nwholesale trade throughout the New Eng- \nland States. He was president of St. James' \n\n\nY.M.T. Association for two years, and repre- \nsented Ward 12 in the Common Council of \n1877-78 and in the General Court of 1881, \n'82, '83, serving on the Committees on Claims, \nMercantile Affairs, and Hoosac Tunnel. He \nhas been a member of the Democratic City \nCentral Committee for nine years, and of the \nState Central Committee two years. \n\nMcDoNOUGH, JOHN H., law student, born \nin Portland, Me., March 29, 1857. His early \neducation was received in the public schools \nof that city. After coming to Boston he en- \ngaged in the trade of watch-making, which \nhe followed for several years. Recently he \nabandoned his trade for the purpose of study- \ning law, and is now located in the office of \nHon. Charles J. Noyes. He represented \nWard 20 in the General Court of 1886, '87, \n'88, '89, and served on the committees on \nWater Supply and Election Laws and Rail- \nroads. He is one of the prominent young \nDemocrats of Massachusetts, and is one of \nthe recognized leaders of his party in the \nLegislature. He is a member of the Boston \nYoung Men's Congress, Young Men's Catho- \nlic Association of Boston College, Charitable \nIrish Society, Montgomery Branch of Irish \nNational Land League, Roxbury Bachelor \nClub, and the Democratic State Committee. \n\nMcENANEY, THOMAS OWEN, merchant \ntailor, born in East Boston, Oct. 23, 1857. \nHe received his early education at the \nAdams School, of which he is a graduate, \nand supplemented his training at the Union \nBusiness College of this city. He was first \nemployed as book-keeper for John G. Gil- \nbert & Co., afterward by Hardy, Mayhew, \n& Co. He served as a custom cutter for J. \nC. Littlefield, on Beacon street, and finally \nopened business on his own account the \n1st of January, 1888. He was a member \nof the Common Council in 1885-86. \n\nMcErnucK, MICHAEL J., was born in \nRoxbury, June 22, 1 846, in the very district \n•which he represents in the Massachusetts \nLegislature, and in the same house that his \n\n\nJOHN H. McDONOUGH. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n375 \n\n\ngrandfather lived in over seventy years ago. \nHis father, Matthew McEttrick, was for \nmany years a prominent and respected citi- \nzen of Roxbury, and his mother was Mary \nMcDonough, daughter of Patrick McDon- \nough, one of the earliest Irish settlers in \nRoxbury, who commenced business there in \n1819. Young McEttrick received his early \neducation in our public schools, graduating \nfrom the Washington Grammar School at the \nearly age of eleven years, the youngest boy \nin his class, and at its head. In 1857 he \nentered the Roxbury Latin School, graduat- \ning with honors therefrom in 1862. He \nwas entered at the office of Mr. Charles \nWhitney, the City Engineer of Roxbury, for \nthe purpose of becoming a civil engineer. \nCommensurate with his intellectual growth \nwas his physical development. At the age of \nsixteen he was able to outstrip any of his \ncompanions in all field sports, and he met \nand vanquished even the athletes of his dis- \ntrict in feats of physical strength and endur- \nance. At the age of twenty-one his strength \nhad increased by cultivation and natural \ngrowth to such an extent, that his remark- \nable feats began to attract the attention of \nthe outside world. He was one of the first \nin America to establish the fact that the \npowers of endurance in man were capable \nof severe tests; and, as a youth, he bore \noff the palm for pedestrianism in these parts. \nHe entered long-distance walking matches in \nthe summer of 1868, won the championship \nof America, and held it against all comers for \nfour years. He distinguished himself as a \nthorough-going, all-round athlete, excelling \nin wrestling, jumping, and field sports, so \nthat his reputation extended all over the \ncountry. \n\nIn the last year of the war he served in \nthe army, and was transferred by special \norder of the War Department to the regular \narmy, in the corps of engineers. In the \nspring of 1884 he was elected to the position, \nof assistant assessor, receiving a unanimous \nvote in both branches of the city govern- \nment. In the fall of the same year he was \nnominated by the Democrats for representa- \n\n\ntive to the Legislature from Ward 20, Bos- \nton. He received the highest number of \nvotes ever accorded any man in his district, \nand has since been four times reelected, each \ntime being more strongly endorsed than \nbefore. Each year showed him to be a \nstrong and well-equipped man for the place. \nAlone and single-handed he has fought his \nway up to be one of the acknowledged \nleaders in the House, and one of its foremost \ndebaters. He has served on some of the \nmost important committees of the House; \nviz., Roads and Bridges, Finance, Expen- \nditures, Education, Liquors, Constitutional \nAmendments, and the Child Labor Commit- \ntees. His work here has been characterized \nby thoroughness, signal ability, and wholly \nin the public interest. Says the Roxbury \n\" Gazette : \" \" The two features of his legisla- \ntive experience which come directly home to \nthe very firesides of the district, to the rich \nand poor alike, are the passage of the \nFranklin Park Loan and the Stony Brook \nbills, which conjointly will put over $3,000,- \nooo into the pockets of our laboring men. \nTo him was intrusted the charge of both \nof these measures in the House of Repre- \nsentatives. His skilful and successful man- \nagement of the Stony Brook substitute bill in \nthe House, as well as his eloquent speech \nupon the passage of the Franklin Park Loan \nbill, determined in a high degree the success \nof these two measures, which will eventually \nprove blessings to the community. His \nminority report on the private school was \nthe crowning feature of his legislative career. \nThe broad grasp of principle on constitu- \ntional law, which this report showed, and the \nhigh plane on which it placed the whole \ndiscussion, soon attracted attention to the \nman, and gave him a reputation far beyond \nthe State lines of Massachusetts.\" \"The \nPilot,\" commenting on the matter edito- \nrially, in its issue of June 2, 1888, said: \n\" Now that the battle over the State inspec- \ntion of private schools has ended in a splen- \ndid victory for the only people whom the \nmeasure really assailed, the Catholics, it \nwould be ungrateful not to emphasize the \n\n\n376 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\ncredit due to Representative Michael J. Mc- \nEttrick. He took up the cause of the pri- \nvate schools at risk of place and popularity. \nHe saw and exposed the true nature of the \nproposed enactment. He framed the proper \nlines of resistance in his minority report. \nHe was the only member who discerned the \nreal intent and purport of the bill, and had \nthe courage of his convictions. All through \nthe legislative hearings he watched over \nCatholic interests with a vigilance and fidelity \nbeyond praise; and it is not too much to say \nthat to him, more than to any other single \ninfluence, is due the completeness of the dis- \ngraceful defeat that has overtaken an unwar- \nranted and un-American attempt to invade \nparental and citizen rights. The triumph is \nhis triumph, and ' The Pilot ' tenders him its \nhearty congratulations.\" \n\nHe is a forceful speaker, his remarks \nalways showing thought and broad under- \nstanding, and he frequently becomes really \neloquent. His voice is large and full, well \nrounded and well controlled, and the ser- \nvices he has rendered his party as a stump \nspeaker have been acknowledged in many \nways. \n\nMcGAHEY, ALEXANDER B., born in Bos- \nton, March 30, 1855. He was educated in the \npublic schools of this city. He represented \nWard 7 in the Common Council of 1878-79, \nand he was a member of the Legislature of \n1881-82, serving on important committees. \nHe was nominated by the Independent \nDemocrats four years ago ; was a candidate \nfor the Senate of 1885 from the Third Suf- \nfolk District. He was declared elected, but \nhis seat was contested on the ground of an \nirregularity at the polling-places. At the \nspecial election which was held in March, \n1885, his right to be a member of the Sen- \nate was settled in his favor. He was the \nregular Democratic nominee the following \nyear, and was reelected to the Senate of 1886. \nDuring his two terms he served on the Com- \nmittees on Federal Relations and on Street \nRailways. He has been a member of the \nDemocratic City Committee for several years. \n\n\nMcGARAGLE, PATRICK F., builder and \ncontractor, born in Boston, Feb. 2, 1845. \nHe received his education in the public \nschools, and is now engaged in business as \na contractor and builder. He was connected \nwith the militia for about seven years, a \nmember of the Common Council of 1878-79, \nand of the General Co'urt of 1880-83 from \nWard 8, serving on the Committee on Hoosac \nTunnel. He was a trustee of the City Hos- \npital during 1879, and is an active member \nof the Montgomery Veteran Associates. \n\nMcGEOUGH, JAMES A.1 \n\nMcGowAN, WILLIAM S., chief clerk of the \nMetropolitan Steamship Company, born at \nGardner, Me., December 26, 1826. His \nfather's name was Felix McGowan, a native \nof Manahamilton, County Leitrim, Ireland. \nHis mother, Judith McGowan, was born at \nNorthport, Me. The family settled in \nLowell, Mass., in 1837, where young Mc- \nGowan went to school, and graduated from \nthe Lowell High School. He afterwards \nlearned the drug business in Boston, and \npursued it until 1842. His public services \ninclude his appointment as Clerk of the \nWater Commissioners, in 1846, when water \nwas introduced into Boston from Lake \nCochituate. He remained in this position \nuntil the commission surrendered their work \nto the city of Boston, in 1848. Then his \nservices were engaged in the counting-room \nof the Boston \" Daily Advertiser \" as clerk, \nunder Nathan Hale, Nathan Hale, Jr., and \nCharles Hale, who were then the proprietors \nand publishers. About 1852 he went into the \ndrug trade on his own account, and con- \ntinued this business for six years. The gold \nfever led him to California, where he stayed \none year. He returned, engaged in the \nsteamship business, with which he has been \nconnected ever since. He was a Democratic \nmember of the Common Council in 1857, \nchairman of the Democratic Ward and City \nCommittee in 1858, and the first steam fire- \nengine ever used in Boston was put in opera- \n\ni Se« Lawyers. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n377 \n\n\ntion by the passage of his order while in the \nCommon Council. He was president of the \nYoung Men's Catholic Association in 1854. \nHe has always been prominently identified \nwith the various charitable undertakings in \nthis city. \n\nMcGuNiGLE, JAMES F., born in the County \nDonegal, Ireland, and is now in his fifty- \nsecond year. His father, William, with his \nwife and son, immigrated to this country in \n1837, settling in Boston, Mass. James, at an \nearly age, was placed in attendance at the \npublic schools, continuing thereat until his \neighteenth year, when he went to work at the \ncutler's trade, which he soon abandoned to \nlearn the trade of boot and shoe maker, \nwhich he did at East Stoughton, Mass. Here \nhe first met his present wife, to whom he was \nmarried in 1855, by whom he had four chil- \ndren before the breaking out of the War of \nthe Rebellion. \n\nUpon the issue of the call of President \nLincoln for seventy-five thousand troops, \nApril 15, 1861, the next day Captain McGuni- \ngle, having cut the proclamation from a news- \npaper, copied it upon a roll, went through the \nshops of the village and secured the signatures \nof twenty-one Irishmen, or those who were \ndescendants of Irishmen, which was the nu- \ncleus of Company K of the Irish Ninth Mas- \nsachusetts Infantry Volunteer Regiment. It \nwas the captain's desire to get a company to- \ngether which might go to the front at once, to \nthis end giving his time and labor. Besides \nsecuring these twenty-one recruits in East \nStoughton, others to the number of sixty-three \nwere secured in Stoughton Centre and the \nadjoining village of North Bridgewater, with \nwhich the captain went to Boston. Upon \nreporting and offering their services they were \ninformed that they could not be then placed \nwith any regiment, but to retain their organi- \nzation, return to their several towns, elect offi- \ncers, and stand in readiness to be called upon \nat an hour's notice This they did, the cap- \ntain being elected first lieutenant, and he only \nof the five officers chosen satisfactorily passed \nand received recommendation for a commis- \n\n\nsion. His company about two weeks subse- \nquently was ordered to report to Col. Thomas \nCass at Long Island, Boston Harbor, and was \ndesignated as Company K of the Irish Ninth, \nbeing recruited to one hundred and one men, \nrank and file, when it went to the front on \nthe 24th of June, 1861, landing at the Navy \nYard in Washington a few days later. \n\nThe captain's first military experience was \nwith a company in Wilh'amsburg, N.Y., con- \nnected with the Seventy-second Regiment, \nN.G., S.N.Y., commanded by Colonel Powers, \nwhich he joined in 1855, continuing with the \nsame for about six months, when he returned \nto Massachusetts, and became a call member \nof Capt. Z. Bumpa's company of infantry of \nBraintree, with which he continued until \nPresident Lincoln's call, before mentioned. \nCaptain McGunigle received his commission, \nas such, from Governor Andrew, bearing \ndate the 2;th June, 1862 (the battle of \nGaines's Mill), in place of Captain Carey, \nwho was killed in this engagement. The cap- \ntain participated in every battle, skirmish, and \nengagement of the regiment during its term \nof service up to the battle of Spottsylvania, \nMay 12, 1864, in which engagement he \nreceived a gunshot wound in his left breast, \nthe bullet penetrating a silver watch carried \nby him, and for the time being entirely pros- \ntrating and rendering him unfit for service \nthereafter. The captain also received a gun- \nshot wound through his collar-bone at the \nbattle of Malvern Hill, July i, 1862, being \ntaken off the field in the same ambulance \nwith Colonel Cass and Major Button. \n\nMcKENNA, MAURICE J., grocer and pro- \nvision dealer, born in County Kerry, Ireland, \nDec. 15, 1845. He arrived in Boston in \n1857, where he has since resided. He was \neducated in the national schools of his native \nplace and the public schools of this city. \nHe was first employed for Fleming & Has- \nkell, bookbinders, where he learned the \ntrade, and later with Roberts Bros. He \nlater entered the grocery business, where he \nhas been very successful. He has served \nin the Democratic Ward and City Committee \n\n\n378 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON, \n\n\nand in the Common Council of 1887-88, \nbeing & member of many important com- \nmittees. \n\nMCLAUGHLIN, DANIEL, clerk, born in Ire- \nland in 1847. He was educated in his native \ncountry, and came to America while a young \nman. In 1882-83 ne represented Ward 7 \nin the Common Council, and was a member \nof the Legislature of 1885-86, serving on the \nCommittees on County Estimates, Parishes, \nand Religious Societies. \n\nMCLAUGHLIN, EDWARD A.1 \n\nMCLAUGHLIN, JOHN A., undertaker, born \nin Boston, Feb. I, 1853. He attended the \nEliot and Mayhew Schools, and received a \nfive years' course at Boston College. He is \nby occupation an undertaker, but has been \nemployed by the city of Boston as an over- \nseer of the poor for a few years, until he was \nelected to the Board of Aldermen. He \nrepresented Ward 7 in the Common Council \nof 1881-82, in the General Court of 1883- \n84, serving on the Committee on Water \nSupply. In 1887 he was elected from the \nThird District to the Board of Aldermen, \nand was reelected to the Board of 1888-89. \nHe has been a member of the Democratic \nWard and City Committee for about nine \nyears, and secretary of that organization \nthree years. \n\nMCLAUGHLIN, PHILIP J., clerk, born in \nBoston, Feb. 7, 1850. He graduated from \nthe Mayhew School in 1866. After leaving \nschool he entered the employ of the Western \nUnion Telegraph Company, where he is still \nemployed as clerk in the superintendent's \noffice. He served in the Common Council \nof 1880, '81, '88. He is secretary of the \nNorth End Fishing Club, Lakeman Boat \nClub, and the Atlantic Yacht Club. \n\nMCNAMARA, JEREMIAH J., born at County \nCork, Ireland, March 16, 1842. He immi- \n\nJS«e Lawyers. \n\n\ngrated to Boston, 1852, and attended the \ngrammar schools until he was seventeen years \nof age. He enlisted in the United States \nNavy in 1861, and joined the naval brigade \nat Fort Ellsworth, Alexandria, Va. He was \nthere three months, at the end of which time \nhe was drafted into service on the Mississippi \nflotilla. He was assigned to duty on the \ngunboat \" Essex,\" Commander Foote, and was \nat the bombardment of Fort Henry. Thirty- \nfour lives were lost on board the \" Essex,\" \nwhich was blown to atoms; Mr. McNamara \nwas thrown into the river by a stearr. explo- \nsion, but was rescued. He fought under \nCommodore Davis at Fort Donelson, which \nsuffered bombardment, but the enemy was \ncompelled to surrender. He was one of \neleven men who volunteered to spike a bat- \ntery of eleven heavy guns which were \nplaced in the bend of the Mississippi river. \nThey successfully spiked the guns at mid- \nnight. He afterwards received a rating as \nable seaman. He was in the running of the \nblockade at Vicksburg, Miss., and there \njoined Admiral Farragut's fleet. On a forag- \ning expedition, under Captain Porter, they \nmet the enemy at Port Hudson; an engage- \nment ensued, which resulted favorably to the \nUnion troops. He can claim the honor of \nhaving been in the naval engagement at \nVicksburg, in 1862, the Red- river expedi- \ntion, and the Array of the Tennessee under \nGeneral Hooker. Mr. McNamara stayed at \nChattanooga, Tenn., until General Lee sur- \nrendered, and received an honorable dis- \ncharge from the service. He was a police \nofficer from 1864 to 1871, promoted to ser- \ngeant the latter year ; remained on the police \nforce until 1879, when he engaged in the \nsaloon business. He served in the City \nCouncil from 1880 to 1884, inclusive, was on \nmany important committees, and is a member \nof Post 7, John A. Andrew, G.A.R. \n\nMcNAMARA, JOHN, builder, born in County \nof Cork, Ireland, May i, 1848. He came \nto this country May 7, 1867, and located in \nBoston. He was educated in the National \nSchool of his birthplace. He first worked \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n379 \n\n\nat his trade with John L. Shapleigh, and \nthen with Jonas Fitch, and finally he \nbranched off for himself. He is a member \nof the Royal Arcanum, Knights of Honor, \nUnited Order of Friends, South Boston \nYacht Club, and Company K, Boston Light \nInfantry. In 1888 he represented Ward 14 \nin the Common Council. \n\nMcNELLEY, JOHN E., baker, bora in \nPlymouth, Me., Jan. 23, 1854. He received \na common-school education, and learned the \nbaker's trade. He became engaged in the \nbusiness at the West End some years ago \nwith his brother. He represented Ward 8 \nin the General Court of 1882, and was \nelected on the Independent Democratic \nticket in 1884, to fill a vacancy in the Com- \nmon Council caused by the resignation of \nFrancis P. Maguire. \n\nMcSoRLEY, JOHN, United States weigher, \nborn in County Tyrone, Ireland, Jan. 29, \n1836. He was educated in the schools of \nhis native place. He immigrated to this \ncountry in 1851, and settled in New York \nCity, where he remained until the breaking \nout of the Rebellion, when he enlisted in the \n\" Excelsior Brigade,\" Seventy-first Regiment, \nand served twenty-five months. In 1 866 he \nwas appointed weigher in the Boston Custom \nHouse, his present position. He has been \na resident of Everett, Mass., for twenty \nyears. He is now serving his second term as \ncommander of G.A.R., Post 156, of that \ntown, and is also a member of Lincoln \nCouncil A. L. of H., of which he has been \ntreasurer and commander. \n\nMILLER, JOHN, born in Ireland in 1821. \nHe received his early education in the \nschools of his native country. He immigrated \nto this country about 1847, and settled in \nBoston. He first began business as a grocer, \nand in 1850 engaged in the wholesale and \nretail liquor business. By careful business \napplication and integrity he has accumulated \na fortune, and ranks among the successful \nbusiness men and large taxpayers of this \n\n\ncity. He was a member of the Common \nCouncil of 1865 and 1866, and of the Legis- \nlature of 1867 and 1868, representing old \nWard 2, now Ward 6. He has been a mem- \nber of the Democratic City Committee for a \nnumber of years. His present extensive \ntrade is carried on principally throughout the \nUnited States and Canada. He received \nhis son, William H., into partnership in the \nyear 1880, and the business was increased \nby the latter. Their volume of business is \nsaid to reach $500,000 annually, including a \nlarge domestic cigar trade. Mr. John Miller \nis practically retired from the business, and \nit is now managed by his son. \n\nMITCHELL, GEORGE F., elected to serve in \nthe Common Council during the year 1889. \n\nMONAHAN, WILLIAM H., boot and shoe \ndealer, born in Roxbury in 1857. He \nlearned his trade as an iron-moulder, but \nfinally abandoned the occupation to engage \nin the boot and shoe business in Roxbury, \nhis present occupation. He was a member \nof the Boston Fire Department for five \nyears, and represented Ward 19 in the Legis- \nlature during 1887. \n\nMOONEY, THOMAS, printer, born in Bos- \nton, November, 1840. He was educated in \nthe public schools of this city; afterward \nlearned the printer's trade. He represented \nWard 2 in the Common Council in 1874-75, \nand in the General Court of 1876-77. \n\nMORRISSEY, DENIS H., chief clerk of the \nBoard of Assessors, City Hall, was born in \nBoston, July 10, 1851. He was graduated \nfrom the Lawrence School, 1864. In that \nyear he was employed by the Adams Express \nCompany, became clerk of the money de- \npartment, resigned the position in 1871, and \nentered the auditor's department, to take \ncharge of the books for the United States \nand Canada Express Company. He left \nthere May, 1872, to act as ward clerk in the \nAssessors' Department of this city. He was \nelected chief clerk, Dec. 6, 1873, by a vote \n\n\n380 \n\n\nTHE Ii:iSH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nof the principal assessors, to fill a vacancy \nmade by Frederick W. Smith, who had re- \nsigned. Mr. Morrissey has been mentioned \nthree different times for the position of prin- \ncipal assessor. He served two years on the \nlate lamented Col. B. F. Finan's staff, Ninth \nRegiment, as paymaster, and was commis- \nsioned by the then lieutenant-governor, \nThomas Talbot, Aug: 13, 1874. Mr. Mor- \nrissey resigned and received an honorable \ndischarge Feb. 25, 1876. He served on \nGeneral Martin's staff, Sept. 17, 1880, at \nthe two hundred and fiftieth anniversary \nof the settlement of Boston. He was ap- \npointed a Justice of the Peace, 1877, and \nreappointed, 1884. He increased the mem- \nbership of the Charitable Irish Society from \ntwo hundred to five hundred members, and \nintroduced the annual ball, which is a great \nsocial event of the year. Mr. Morrissey is a \nmember of many benevolent and social or- \nganizations. \n\nMORRISON, PETER, grocer, born in Boston, \nAug. 31, 1853. He attended the public \nschools of this vicinity, and is at present en- \ngaged in the grocery business. He repre- \nsented Ward I in the Common Council of \n1881, '82, '83, and in the Legislature of 1884. \n\nMULCHINOCK, JOHN D.1 \n\nMULHALL, JOHN -F. J., elected to serve as \nmember in the Common Council during the \nyear 1889. \n\nMULLANE, JEREMIAH H., born in Boston, \nMass., August, 1852. His early studies were \nmade at the Boston public schools, until \n1867. In 1872 a copartnership was formed \nby and between father and son, which existed \nuntil 1879; then his father died, leaving \nhis heirs in full possession of the entire \nestate. Mr. Mullane is a born politician. \nHe was a member of the Common Council \nfrom 1877 to 1880. He served in the House \nof Representatives from the year 1880 to \n\n1 See Lawyers. \n\n\n1883, inclusive. While in the Legislature he \nwas one of the Committee on Finance. This \nwas an honor without precedent, for he was \nthe first Democrat who had ever served on \nthat important committee. He was Commis- \nsioner on Public Service, 1880 to 1885 ; elected \nto the Board of Aldermen; in the latter year \nhe was a Director of Public Institutions, \n1885; and on Jan. 10, 1887, elected to fill the \nunexpired term of Joseph H. O'Neil, who \nresigned; and on the same day he was elected \nfor three years, from May i, 1887, an execu- \ntive appointment by Mayor O'Brien. His \nterm of directorship will expire in 1890. He \nis a member of the Boston Light Dragoons, \nthe Montgomery Veteran Association, and \nmany other organizations. \n\nMULLEN, JAMES F., pork dealer, born in \nSouth Boston, July 2, 1863. He graduated \nfrom the Bigelow Grammar School in 1878, \nand then engaged with his father in the gro- \ncery and provision business, whom he now \nsucceeds. He was a member of the Common \nCouncil of 1887-88, serving on the Commit- \ntees on Lamps and Treasury Department; \nis also a member of the Democratic City \nCentral Committee and the Fourth District \nCongressional Association. \n\nMURPHY, FRANCIS J., dry goods, born in \nCharlestown, Mass., Sept. 22, 1852. He \nwas educated in the public schools of his \nnative city. He has been a prominent Demo- \ncrat of the Bunker Hill district for several \nyears past. He represented Ward 3 in the \nCommon Council of 1881, '82, '83, '84, '85, \nand in the Legislature of 1886, and in both \nthe municipal and State legislative branch he \nserved on important committees. \n\nMURPHY, JAMES A., contractor, born in \nBoston in 1857, and was graduated from the \nBigelow Grammar School. In 1873 he re- \nceived a high-school diploma, and then at- \ntended a special course of instruction at \nComer's Commercial College. Afterwards \nhe became a clerk and salesman in the \ngrocery business of Wadleigh, Spurr, & Co., \n\n\nJOHN R. MURPHY. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n381 \n\n\nin whose employ he continued until 1884, \nwhen he resigned to enter business for him- \nself as a contractor. \n\nMr. Murphy was a member of the Common \nCouncil from Ward 13 during the years 1882, \n'83, and '84, holding during the latter year \npositions on the following committees : Claims, \nHarbor, Public Parks, Joint Rules and Or- \nders, Municipal Elections, Council Rules and \nOrders. Mr. Murphy has also been a member \nof the Board of Directors for Public Institu- \ntions. He has always been a vigorous sup- \nporter of the Democratic side of the Council \nChamber. During 1884 Mr. Murphy was \none of the leaders of the Democracy in de- \nbate on the floor of the Council. He has \nbeen a member of the Democratic City Com- \nmittee and of the Executive Committee since \n1884. He is familiar with the machinery of \nBoston's city government, and well acquainted \nwith the ordinances and the rules and law of \nprocedure. At a special election on Feb. 21, \n1 888, Mr. Murphy was elected an alderman \nfrom the Sixth District, to fill the place made \nvacant by the death of the late Alderman \nWilliam P. Carroll. Mr. Murphy has done \neffective work as alderman since then. \n\nAs a debater he is forcible and aggressive \nwhen needs be, yet passive and keen at every \nturn. He is a good tactician, possessing many \nresources and much reserve power. \n\nMURPHY, JOHN R., fire commissioner, \nwas born in Charlestown, Mass., Aug. 25, \n1856. He was graduated from the Harvard \nGrammar School, 1869, and from the Charles- \ntown High School, 1873. He entered the \noffice of Silsbee & Murphy, and engaged with \nthem in the merchandise brokerage business, \nuntil 1875, when he became connected with \nthe Boston \" Pilot,\" of which his brother-in- \nlaw, Mr. John Boyle O'Reilly, is the editor and \npublisher. Mr. Murphy accepted the position \nof business manager of that newspaper, and \nwas associated with Mr. O'Reilly during ten \nyears. The ambition which prompts many \nmen to become masters of their own actions \nprompted Mr. Murphy to establish a business \nfor himself. Accordingly, he embarked in \n\n\nnewspaper advertising, in which he was suc- \ncessful. In 1886 he was appointed a fire \ncommissioner by Mayor O'Brien, and he \ncontinues to hold that office. Mr. Murphy \nwas a member of the House of Representa- \ntives during three years, from 1883-85, inclu- \nsive, a member of the Massachusetts Senate \nin 1886. He is a Democrat, and his public \nspeaking has won the applause and favor of \nhis party, while those who differ from him \npolitically acknowledge his ability as a leader \nin politics and a forcible, persuasive speaker \non the platform. \n\nMURPHY, PATRICK F., book-keeper, born \nin Boston, July 25, 1855. He attended the \nQuincy Grammar and English High Schools, \nand is at present connected with Murphy & \nKennedy, harness dealers. He represented \nWard 12 in the General Court of 1878-79. \n\nMURPHY, TIMOTHY A., dealer in paper and \ntwine, born in Boston in 1842. He was \neducated in the public schools. He is a \nresident of the Roxbury district, and repre- \nsented Ward 20 in the Common Council in \n1879-80, and was a member of the General \nCourt in 1881. \n\nMURPHY, WILLIAM H., men's furnishing \nand jewellery, born at Charlestown, Mass., \nDec. 18, 1855. He studied at the Boston \npublic schools, and at an early age was en- \ngaged by the Boston Shirt Company, where \nhe learned his business. He is very popular \namong the residents of Ward 3, who elected \nhim to the Common Council in 1885, '86, '87, \n'88. He has been appointed on various im- \nportant committees. \n\nMURPHY, WILLIAM J., grocer, born in \nBoston, March 29, 1854. He attended the \npublic schools of this city until 1867, when \nhe left to learn the shoemaker's trade, which \nhe followed till 1881, and was employed in \nmany of the large suburban shoe factories at \nvarious times. \n\nIn 1 882 he engaged in the grocery business \nat South Boston on his own account, which \n\n\n382 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nhe still continues to transact. He represented \nWard 15 in the Common Council of 1888, \nserving on the Committee on Parks and \nMarkets. \n\nMURRAY, GEO. F. H., deputy collector of \ninternal revenue, born on board a Peabody \npacket ship (American vessel) at sea, while \nhis parents were coming from Australia, on \nDec. 12, 1858. He attended the Boston \npublic schools and St. Charles College, \nEllicott City.Md. In 1878 he returned to \nBoston, and became employed by Endicott \n& Macomber, insurance agents. He later \nengaged with C. A. Richards, wine merchant, \nbut after a short period entered the insurance \nbusiness again, on his own account. In 1885 \nhe was appointed to his present position as a \ndeputy collector of internal revenue. He \nrepresented Ward 13 in the Common Council, \n1883, '84, '85, and was secretary of the Demo- \ncratic Ward and City Committee in 1884, '85, \n'86. He is a life member of the Young Men's \nCatholic Association of Boston College, and \na member of the Bay State Club, Charitable \nIrish Society, Montgomery Veteran Associa- \ntion, Bachelor Club of South Boston, John \nMitchell Branch, I.N.L., and Captain of Com- \npany B, Ninth Regiment \n\nMURRAY, JEREMIAH A., kitchen-furnish- \ning goods, born in Boston in 1843. He \nattended the public schools, and early in life \nengaged as a dealer in kitchen-furnishing \ngoods, his present business. From 1862 to \n1865 he served as sergeant in Light Battery, \nEleventh Massachusetts Regiment, in the \nArmy of the Potomac. He represented old \nWard 3 in the Common Council of 1875-76. \nHe is a member of the Catholic Order of \nForesters, Knights of St. Rose, and Dahlgren \nPost 2, GA.R. \n\nMURRAY, RICHARD J., court officer, born \nin Boston, Nov. 13, 1859. He attended the \nMayhew School, and after completing his \neducation became employed as clerk. He \nwas later employed for two years as water- \ninspector for the city of Boston. He was a \n\n\nmember of the Democratic Ward and City \nCommittee for six years, and represented \nWard 8 in the Common Council of 1885-86. \nHe was appointed an officer of the Supreme \nJudicial Court in 1887, his present position. \nHe is a member of the Fourth District Demo- \ncratic Congressional Qub. \n\nNAPHEN, HENRY.' \n\nNOONAN, DANIEL, printer, born in County \nLimerick, Ireland, Feb. 7, 1834. He arrived \nin this country at an early age, and attended \nthe Boylston School of this city. He was a \nmember of the State Police from November, \n1867, to August, 1873. He served in the \nGeneral Court of 1875-76. \n\nNORRIS, MICHAEL W., trader, born in \nCounty Cork, Ireland, in 1855. He immi- \ngrated to this country in 1864, and settled in \nBoston. He graduated from the Boylston \nSchool, and at the age of fifteen went to work \nas messenger for the Western Union Tele- \ngraph Company. He afterward engaged as a \nseaman on the Lakes, and for a time was \nemployed at the Pittsburg Lead Mills. He \nlater returned to this city, and became \nemployed by Haskell & Son, fish dealers. \nAfter a brief visit to the South in the interest \nof the fish business, he again returned to \nBoston in 1877, where he has since resided. \nHe represented Ward 13 in t> Common \nCouncil of 1888-89, serving on a number of \nimportant committees. He is a member of \nthe Royal Society of Good Fellows, A.O.H., \nCharitable Irish Society, American Society \nHibernians, Fourth Congressional Club, and \nthe National Athletic Association. \n\nNUNAN, THOMAS F., shipper, born in \nSouth Boston, Aug. 29, 1843. He graduated \nfrom the Lawrence School in 1859, and \nattended the High School for one year. In \n1860 he became employed by Christopher \nBlake, furniture manufacturer, with whom \nhe remained for fourteen years. He is a \n\n1 See Lawyers. \n\n\nJOHN B. O'BRIEN. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n383 \n\n\nmember of the Irish American Club, City \nPoint Lodge, Knights of Honor, American \nHibernians of South Boston, and represented \nWard 15 in the Common Council of 1 886, \n'87, '88, '89. \n\nO'BRIEN, CHRISTOPHER, born in Dublin, \nIreland, Nov. 27, 1839. He came to this \ncountry in 1844, and received his early edu- \ncation at the Mayhew School of this city. \nHe became employed as a laborer for a \ntime, and in 1863 enlisted in the navy, and \nserved on board United States steamer \" Ni- \nagara \" for three years and six months. He \nreturned to Boston in 1867, and shortly after- \nward engaged in the liquor business, in which \nhe has continued ever since. He represented \nWard 6 in the Common Council of 1887. \nWhen quite a young man he actively prac- \ntised athletic sports, particularly in the aquatic \nline. He rowed with George Faulkner at \nvarious times from 1858 to 1863, and was an \nactive member of the McClellan, Commercial, \nand Boston Boat Clubs. He is at present a \nmember of A.O. Foresters, John A. Andrew \nPost 15, G.A.R., and the Kearsarge Veteran \nAssociation. \n\nO'BRIEN, JAMES M., elected to serve as a \nmember of the Common Council during the \nyear 1889. \n\nO'BRIEN, JAMES W.1 \n\nO'BRIEN, JOHN B., sheriff of Suffolk \nCounty, State of Massachusetts, born in 1844. \nHe attended the public schools in this city. At \nseventeen years of age he entered the army \nas a private in the Twenty-fourth Regiment, \nMassachusetts Volunteers, and served three \nyears. At the battle of Deep Run, Va., \nAug. 1 6, 1864, he was severely wounded, but \nremained at his post of duty till the expira- \ntion of his term of service, in October, 1864, \nwhen he received an honorable discharge. \nIn the year 1865 he entered the sheriffs \noffice as clerk and collector, and in 1872 was \n\n\n' l See Lawyers. \n\n\nappointed deputy sheriff by Sheriff John M \nClark. In the year 1883, Mr. Clark wishing \nto retire from the office of sheriff, Mr. \nO'Brien received the unanimous support of \nall parties, and was elected Sheriff of Suffolk \nCounty, which office he has held for nearly \nthree years, performing its duties to the sat- \nisfaction of all and with credit to himself. \nOn the first day of October, 1886, he received \nby acclamation the nomination of the Repub- \nlican party, and on October 20, the nomina- \ntion by acclamation of the Democratic \nConvention, for sheriff, for another term of \nthree years. \n\nMr. O'Brien has filled various other places \nof trust and honor in the city. He was su- \nperintendent of St. Joseph's Sunday-school \nfor ten years, president of St. Joseph's Con- \nference, of St Vincent de Paul Society six \nyears, president of St. Joseph's Temperance \nSociety five years, clerk of the Emigrant \nSavings Bank four years. He is a member of \nthe Catholic Union of Boston, the Charita- \nble Irish Society, Massachusetts Catholic \nOrder of Foresters, the Grand Army of the \nRepublic, and he is the president of the Home \nfor Destitute Catholic Children, on Harrison \navenue. Hon. John M. Clark, sheriff of Suf- \nfolk County for more than a quarter of a \ncentury, speaking of Mr. O'Brien since his \nelection, said : \" He stands without a peer \nin the array of sheriffs of this Commonwealth, \nin the way of his bright accomplishments and \nability.\" \n\nThe judges of the court are warm in com- \nmendation of his administration. \n\n\nO'CONNOR, DENNIS, born in County Cork, \nIreland, June, 1840. He was educated in \nDublin, and graduated from the Normal \nSchool of that place. He was a teacher of \nthe National Board of Education for nine \nyears. He immigrated to this country in July, \n1865, and located in Boston. He engaged in \nthe liquor business shortly after he became a \nresident here, and in 1869 formed with his \nbrother the partnership of D. & T. O'Con- \nnor, which has since continued. He rep- \n\n\n384 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nresented Ward 8 in the Legislature of 1 877- \n79 and in the Common Council of 1878. \n\nO'CONNOR, MICHAEL, contractor, born in \nOranmore, County Galway, in 1831- He \nwas brought up with his mother's folks in \nKilrush, County Clare, where he received \nhis musical education under Bandmaster \nHurley, playing 2d clarinet in Father \nMeehan's band of temperance boys at the \nage of nine. Three years later he and \nMichael Gamble played the clarinets in the \nband, and were a part of the parade that \nreceived Smith O'Brien in Limerick on his \nreturn after his imprisonment, July 4, 1 848. \nMr. O'Connor came to Boston in 1849, with \nnothing but a set of clarinets and a flute \nas his stock in trade. He was mustered into \nthe service of the United States as bandmas- \nter, Ninth Regiment, June II, 1 86 1, to go to \nWashington. \n\nHe served with the Ninth, and participated \nin the battles of Mechanicsville, Hanover \nCourt-House, Gaines's Mill, Fair Oaks, and \nMalvern Hill, and was mustered out at Har- \nrison's Landing by order of the War Depart- \nment in 1 862, with all other bands in the \ncorps. After going home he became band- \nleader in the Naval Station in Boston, \nunder Admirals Stringham, Montgomery, and \nRodgers, organizing the first regular band \nat that station. \n\nMr. O'Connor is now in the business of \ngeneral contracting. After the Ninth was \nmustered out, the survivors living in Boston \nformed the Society of the Old Ninth, to meet \nonce a year \" to fight the battles and reunions \nover again,\" and help comrades if required. \n\nO'CONNOR, PATRICK, grocer, born in Ire- \nland, Oct. 15, 1842. He was educated in his \nnative country, and came to America in 1857. \nHe settled in Boston upon his arrival, and \nhas remained here ever since. He is at \npresent engaged in the grocery business. He \nrepresented Ward 2 in the Common Council \nin 1870-71, and was a member of the Legis- \nlature of 1872. \n\n\nO'CONNOR, THOMAS, born in Cork, Ire- \nland, May 30, 1849. He was educated in \nthe National Schools of his native place, and \ncame to this country in 1867. He located in \nBoston, and engaged in the liquor business. \nIn 1869 he formed a partnership with his \nbrother, under the firm name of D. & T. \nO'Connor, which has since continued. He \nrepresented Ward 8 in the Common Council \nof 1877, and was chairman of the Demo- \ncratic Ward Committee during 1877-78. He \nis a member of the National Irish Athletic \nAssociation, Montgomery Club, Montgomery \nVeteran Association, and of the executive \ncommittee of the Massachusetts Protective \nLiquor Association. \n\nO'DoNNELL, JAMES, born in County of \nDonegal, Ireland, June 22, 1846. He was \neducated in the National School of Carndon- \nnough, in Barony of Irishowen; his teacher \nwas Philip Doherty. Mr. O'Donnell came \nto this country in July, 1863. He was first \nemployed as clerk by Philip O'Donnell, and \nfinally became his partner in the liquor busi- \nness in 1876. He served in the Common \nCouncil of 1876 from Ward 7, being a mem- \nber of the Committees on Bonds of City Offi- \ncers, Bathing, etc. \n\nO'Dowo, ANDREW A., clerk and account- \nant, born in Cork, County of Cork, Ireland, \nJan. 29, 1851. He arrived in this country in \n1856, and located in Boston. He graduated \nfrom the Eliot Grammar School in 1 864, and \nafterwards attended the English High School. \nHe was for a time employed by the Insulated \nLines Telegraph Company, later as clerk for \nRichards & Co., and for ten years clerk in the \noffice of the Paving Department In 1886 \nhe was appointed to his present position as \nclerk and accountant in the office of the \nSuperintendent of Bridges. He served in \nthe Common Council of 1879-80, and is a \nmember of the Catholic Order of Foresters, \nand was director of Young Men's Catholic \nAssociation during 1876, '77, '78. \n\nO'FLYNN, THOMAS, grocer, born in Ire- \nland, March I, 1846. He was educated \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n385 \n\n\nunder the Board of National Education in his \nnative country. He immigrated to this coun- \ntry when quite young, and began business as \na grocer's clerk at seventeen years of age. \nHe worked at this occupation in New York \nCity for a time, and is now engaged in the \nsame business in this city. He was elected \nclerk of Ward 19 in 1878, and to the Common \nCouncil for the years 1883, '84, '85. He has \nfor many years been identified with various \nlocal benevolent and business organizations \nin this city. He took a prominent part in \nthe organization of the Irish National Land \nLeague of the United States; was the chief \nmover in organizing the Retail Grocers' As- \nsociation of this city, — the idea having been \nfirst suggested by him in the \" New England \nGrocer,\" during September, 1878. In 1883 \nhe was elected a member of the Democratic \nWard and City Committee. During Gover- \nnor Robinson's administration he was ap- \npointed a Justice of the Peace. \n\nO'GRADY, THOMAS, architect, born in Rox- \nbury, Mass., March 27, 1858. Graduated \nfrom the Comins Grammar School in 1872, \nand from the Roxbury High School in 1875. \nHe was taught a special course in the depart- \nment of architecture at the Massachusetts \nInstitute of Technology, under the instruction \nof Prof. William R. Ware, and was gradu- \nated with the class of 1 880. Later he studied \nin the office of Ware & Van Brunt, Boston, \nfor two years, and there received invaluable \nand practical knowledge of his profession. \nHe studied one year in Baltimore, Md., at \nCharles Carson's office, returned to his \nnative city, and established himself in the \narchitectural profession. His best skill \nin design is displayed at the Convent of \nthe Good Shepherd, Troy, N.Y., in a memo- \nrial granite and marble monument, erected \nby the Redemptorist priests, and now orna- \nmenting their lot at Calvary Cemetery. \nSt. Anne's School of Industry and Reform- \natory of the Good Shepherd, Albany, N.Y.; \nthe new parochial residence in St. James' \nparish, Boston; and the residence of S. M. \nWeld, at Wellesley, Mass., — are all beautiful \n\n\nspecimens of his ability. He was instructor \nof architecture at the Massachusetts Institute \nof Technology in 1887-88; a member of the \nAmerican Institute of Archaeology and Bos- \nton Society of Architecture. He was elected \nto the School Board in 1887, and his tenure \nof office will continue until 1890. He re- \nceived prize No. 2 for the second best design \nin the competition of architects for the Bos- \nton Public Library building. The prize for \ndesign on the new Court House, Boston, was \nawarded him from among eighty Boston con- \ntestants. He is the originator of a standard \nperiodical, \" The Technological Architectural \nReview;\" the first number appeared in 1888. \nIt is issued monthly, and contains heliotype \nreproductions of drawings by the students of \nthe Institute, which are selected by four \njurors, of whom Mr. O'Grady is one. The \npublished drawings are the finest executed in \nthe school. \n\nO'KANE, JOSEPH, clerk of the Common \nCouncil, born in Boston, Jan. II, 1847. He \nattended the Boston Grammar and Latin \nSchools, and afterwards went to Holy Cross \nCollege, Worcester, Mass. He was ap- \npointed assistant clerk of the Council \nby Clerk Washington P. Gregg, October, \n1865. He retained the position of assist- \nant clerk for nineteen years. Mr. Gregg \nresigned in 1884, and Mr. O'Kane then suc- \nceeded him to the clerkship. The succes- \nsive councils have unanimously elected him \nclerk since that time. He was a member of \nthe School Committee from 1873 to 1876. \nThe organizations with which he has been \nprominently associated are the Catholic Ly- \nceum, of which he was the president. He \nwas president of the Massachusetts Catholic \nTotal Abstinence Union in 1874, and super- \nintendent of the Sunday School of the \nCathedral of the Holy Cross. He has ad- \ndressed assemblages on 'behalf of the tem- \nperance cause, to which he strongly adheres. \n\nO'MEALEY, JOHN W., druggist, born in \nBoston, June 25, 1861. He was educated \nin the public schools, and graduated from \n\n\n386 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nthe Massachusetts College of Pharmacy, of \nwhich institution he is now a director. He \nwas employed ten years for Kelley & Durkee, \nand is at present with Heath & Co. He was \na Democratic member of the Common \nCouncil of 1886, and served in the Legisla- \nture of 1887 from Ward 17. \n\nO'NEiL, JOSEPH H., of the firm of M. F. \n& J. H. O'Neil, dealers in china, glass, and \nearthenware, was born in Fall River, March \n23, 1853. Educated in public schools of Bos- \nton. He was a member of the School Com- \nmittee in 1874, '75, '76, and a member of the \nHouse of Representatives from 1878-82, in- \nclusive, and in 1884. He served on the Com- \nmittees on Liquor Laws, Public Buildings, \nStreet Railways, on Rules and Orders, on the \nRevision of the Statutes, and on Redistrict- \ning the State, among others. In the national \ncampaign of 1884 he ran against General \nCollins for Congress, but was defeated. He \nwas a director and president of the Board \nof Directors for Public Institutions, and was \nthe City Clerk in 1887-88. He was re-nomi- \nnated and elected to Congress in 1888, \nfrom the fourth district. He has been a \nmember of the Democratic Ward and City \nCommittee for many years. \n\nO'NEIL, JOHN W., painter, born in Charles- \ntown, Sept. 21, 1859. He graduated from \nthe Winthrop Grammar School, July, 1875. \nHe was elected a member of the Democratic \nCity Central Committee in 1885, and repre- \nsented Ward 4 in the House of Representa- \ntives during this year, serving on the \nCommittee on Election Laws He was a \nstrong advocate of the Australian system of \nballoting. He is a member of the St. \nFrancis de Sales Total Abstinence Society. \n\nO'RiLEY, ALLEN, furniture dealer, born \nat Shercock, County Cavan, Ireland, 1825. \nEmigrated from Ireland in 1847, and came \nto Boston in 1849. He was educated in \nIreland. Elected to the City Council in \n1865. He was a member of the City Coun- \ncil of Somerville later. He has retired from \nbusiness and politics. His membership in \n\n\nthe Massachusetts State Militia, the Dragoons, \ncovers a period of sixteen years. \n\nPLUNKETT, CHRISTOPHER, day inspector, \nBoston Custom House, born at Mount \nBellew, County Galway, Ireland, April 20, \n1829; died at Medford, Nov. 25, 1888. His \nfather and mother came to this country and \nsettled in Boston, Mass., in 1834, where his \nfather followed his business as a stucco- \nworker. The boy Chris followed his parents \nto Boston at an early age, and after three \nyears' private schooling he entered the em- \nploy of Hudson & Smith, proprietors of the \nMaine \"Telegraph\" and superintendents of \nthe Merchants' Exchange News Room, where \nhe stayed a number of years. When Hugh \nDowning, of Philadelphia, introduced the \nmagnetic telegraph between New York and \nBoston, he offered young Plunkett a position, \nwhich he accepted, and remained in for \nsome time. After 1847, when Irish immi- \ngration was very heavy, he was one of the \norganizers of the Irish Emigrant Society, \nwhich was for the purpose of assisting and \nprotecting newly arrived immigrants. He \nserved as a member of the board of di- \nrectors for some years. Captain Plunkett \nserved the State creditably in the militia as \na lieutenant in the Shields Artillery, Capt. \nEdward Young, one of the Irish-American \ncompanies which was disbanded by the \nKnow-Nothing Governor, Henry J. Gardiner. \nAt the time of the attack on Fort Sumter, in \nApril, 1861, Captain Plunkett held a lucra- \ntive position in the city of Boston. On \nthe first call to arms he relinquished his \nposition and threw all his energies into the \nrecruiting and assisting in organizing the \nNinth Massachusetts Regiment. He raised \nhis company, and was elected captain of \nCompany B, Otis Guards, April 29, 1861, \nand commissioned by Governor Andrew, \nMay 2, 1861, and went to the front with the \nregiment. But a difference having arisen \nbetween the captain and colonel, it cul- \nminated in the resignation of the former, \nonly to return again in a short time as an \nenlisted man. He was rapidly promoted to \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n387 \n\n\nsecond and first lieutenant, and performed \nstaff officer's duty at brigade headquarters, \nand during the first battle of Fredericksburg, \nin December, 1862, while running orders in \nfront of Marye's Heights to the brigade to ad- \nvance at double-quick, he had his horse shot \ndead under him, and received a slight wound \nin the left leg. In 1863 he was one of three \nofficers, with eighteen men, detailed on de- \ntached duty to proceed to Long Island, Bos- \nton Harbor, for recruits to fill up the reduced \nranks of the regiment, where he stayed eight \nweeks, when he asked to be relieved and \nsent back to his regiment. \n\nCaptain Plunkett participated in all the \nbattles with his regiment, from Antietam to \nthe battle of North Anna river, on the twenty- \nthird day of May, 1864, in which battle he had \nhis right arm shot off by a twelve-pound \nsolid shot. He also received a bad wound \nin the left side. The same shot killed two \nof his men, Privates Kelly and Sheehan. \nThis was within eighteen days of the expira- \ntion of the term of service of the regiment. \nWhen the regiment was mustered out on \nBoston Common he was .in the Mansion \nHouse Hospital, Alexandria, Va. In 1866, \nGen. Darius N. Couch, who was then \ncollector of the port of Boston, appointed \nCaptain Plunkett a day inspector in the \nBoston Custom House, which position he \nheld until his death. \n\n\nPOWERS, EDWARD J., printer, born in \nBoston in 1859. He attended the Lawrence \nand Bigelow Grammar Schools, and is at \npresent engaged as a job printer. He repre- \nsented Ward 14 in the Common Council of \n1886, '87, '88, serving on the Committees on \nCommon, Public Library, Badges, Fourth of \nJuly, Assessors' Department, Department of \nSurvey and Inspection of Buildings. He is \na member of the Charitable Irish Society, \nSt. Vincent de Paul Society, Park Square \nClub, Young Men's Catholic Association, \nWinthrop Council 538 R.A., and was con- \nnected with Company K., Ninth Regiment, \nin 1879. \n\n\nQUIGLEY, CHARLES F., leather manufact- \nurer, born in St. John, N.B., Jan. I, 1855. \nHe located in Cambridgeport, Mass., in \n1868, and attended the public schools. \nAbout 1 869 he learned his trade as a currier, \nand has followed the different branches of \nthe business ever since, and is at present a \nmember of the firm of Quigley & Mc- \nDonough, leather manufacturers, Chelsea, \nMass. He represented Ward 2 in the Com- \nmon Council of 1 88 1, '82, '83. \n\nQUIGLEY, EDWARD L., insurance, born in \nEast Boston, Feb. 17, 1859. He attended \nthe Adams Grammar School, and became \nemployed in the insurance office of C. W.- \nHolden in February, 1872, where he has \nhad a business connection ever since. He \nrepresented Ward 5 in the Common Council \nof 1885-86. In addition to his insurance \noffice in Boston he has another one in \nCharlestown. He is a member of the \nYoung Men's Catholic Association of Boston \nCollege. \n\nQUIGLEY, JAMES L., finisher, born in Bos- \nton, Sept. 8, 1848, where he has always \nresided. He was educated in the Mayhew \nand Eliot Grammar Schools of this city. \nHe is by trade a furniture finisher, and has \nbeen quite prominent in local politics. He \nhas been a member of the Democratic Ward \nand City Committee for a number of years. \nHe was an assistant assessor in 1876, and \nrepresented Ward 6 in the Legislature of \n1877, '78, '79, '80, and was a member of \nthe Senate of 1881. \n\nQUINN, DENIS J., clerk, born in Boston, on \nOld Fort Hill, June 2, 1861. He is a grad- \nuate of the Quincy Grammar School. He \nhas been in the employ of Messrs. Carter, \nRice, & Co. for the past five years. Mr. \nQuinn has been prominently identified in \nWard 1 2 politics for several years, and was \nelected to the Legislature for 1888. He \nis also a member of the Democratic Ward \nand City Committee. \n\n\n388 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nQUINN, PATRICK H., elected to serve as a \nmember of the Common Council for the \nyear 1889. \n\nQUINN, PHILIP H., clerk, born in Boston, \nMarch n, 1859. He attended the old Boyl- \nston, and afterward the Quincy School, from \nwhich he graduated in 1872, and also grad- \nuated from the English High School in \n1875. He then became engaged with his \nfather, Capt. John Quinn, in the stevedore \nbusiness, which he still continues. He rep- \nresented Ward 12 in the General Court of \n1886, '87, '88, and served on the Committees \non Taxation, Harbors, and Public Lands. \nHe is a member of the Ward 12 Oak Club, \ncomposed of prominent Irish-Americans. \n\nREADE, JOHN, real estate and under- \ntaker, born in Kilkenny, Ireland, Dec. I, \n1824. He immigrated to this country May \nI, 1846. He lived two years at Blackstone, \nMass., and twenty years at Milford, Mass., \nwhen he became a permanent resident of \nCharlestown. During the war he served as \nfirst lieutenant in the Fifty-seventh Massa- \nchusetts Regiment, and was in active service \nthree and a half years, participating in all \nthe battles fought from the Wilderness \nthrough to Petersburg. He was captured \nat the blowing up of the mine, and impris- \noned for ten months and seven days at \nColumbus, S.C. He was afterward brevetted \ncaptain by Andrew Johnson for meritorious \nservices. He represented Charlestown in the \nHouse of Representatives of 1880, '81, and \n'82, serving on the Committees on Street \nRailroads and Parishes and Religious Socie- \nties. He is a Justice of the Peace, a member \nof Post II, G.A.R., Union Veterans No. 3, \nCharitable Irish Society, Montgomery Light \nGuard Veteran Association, and Ancient Or- \nder of Hibernians. He is engaged in the \nreal-estate business, and is also an under- \ntaker in Charlestown. \n\nREARDON, PETER J., marble-cutter, born \nin Boston, Dec. 17, 1859. He was a graduate \nof the Bigelow School. He was also a promi- \nnen* member of St. Augustine's Lyceum. \n\n\nHe represented Ward 15 in the General \nCourt of 1886. \n\nREILLY, EDWARD F., clerk, born in Bos- \nton, Oct. 8, 1853. He removed to Charles- \ntown in 1859, and attended the old Harvard \nand High Schools, from both of which he \ngraduated. He was first employed by \nParker & Dupee in the wool business, and is \nat present with Nichols, Dupee, & Co. He \nassisted in organizing St. Mary's Young \nMen's Temperance Society in 1876, and was \nvice-president the second year of its exist- \nence. He has taken an active interest in \npolitics for twelve years past, was secretary \nof the Democratic City Committee of 1887- \n88, and has been a member of the Common \nCouncil of 1886, '87, '88. \n\nREYNOLDS, JOHN P.1 \n\nROACH, RICHARD, grocer, born in Fer- \nmoy, County Cork, Ireland, June, 1838. He \nwas educated in the National School of his \nnative town. He is at present engaged as \na dealer in groceries and liquors in Boston. \nHe represented Ward 7 in the Common \nCouncil of 1877-78 and in the Legislature \nof 1879. \n\nROBINSON, NATHANIEL G., sheriffs clerk, \nborn in Boston, March 18, 1856. He at- \ntended the Phillips Grammar School, from \nwhich he was a graduate. At fifteen years \nof age he became employed at the book- \nbinder's trade, and served two years and four \nmonths at the business, with Ira Bradley & \nCo. In August, 1873, he obtained employ- \nment as conductor on the Metropolitan Rail- \nroad, where he remained for about a year. \nHe subsequently returned to the book- \nbinding trade, and was actively engaged in \nthat line until 1883, when he accepted bis \npresent position as clerk in the office of the \nsheriff of Suffolk County. He was elected \nfrom Ward 8 as a member of the Common \nCouncil of 1 889. \n\nROGAN, EDWARD A., steam and gas fitter, \nborn in Boston, Jan. 12, 1849. He attended \n\n1 See Lawyers. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n389 \n\n\nthe public schools of this city, and after \nleaving school learned the trade of a steam \nand gas fitter. He represented Ward 7 in \nthe Common Council of 1885-86. \n\nROGERS, ABRAHAM T., assistant inspector \nof buildings, born in Roxbury, July 30, 1851. \nHe was educated in the public schools and \nat French's Commercial College. He first \nbecame employed by his father in the real- \nestate business, where he continued for some \ntime. He represented Ward 22 in the Com- \nmon Council of 1880-81, and until July, \n1882, when he resigned as a member of that \nbody to accept his present position as assist- \nant inspector of buildings. He was at one \ntime connected with Company C, Ninth Reg- \niment, and is at present a member of the \nRoyal Society of Good Fellows. \n\nROGERS, PATRICK H., real estate, born \nin County Louth, Ireland, July 25, 1813. \nHe immigrated to St. John, N.B., when about \ntwelve years of age, where he attended the \npublic schools. When about twenty-nine \nyears old he came to Roxbury, where he has \nsince resided. He learned his trade as a \ncarpenter early in life, which he continued \nfor many years, until he extended his busi- \nness as a builder and real-estate dealer. \nHe was a member of the Roxbury Common \nCouncil of 1858, '59, '63, '65, '67, and repre- \nsented old Ward 15, -Boston, in the same \nbody in 1870. He is a member of the Rox- \nbury Charitable Society. \n\nSANTRY, JOHN P., plumber, born in Bos- \nton, April 9, 1852. He graduated from the \nBoylston Grammar School and went to learn \nthe plumber's trade at fifteen years of age, \nand worked at it until 1876, when he en- \ngaged in business for himself, and he has \nbeen very successful. He served in the \nCommon Council in 1878, is a member of \nthe Democratic Ward and City Committee \nand Finance Committee, and he was elected \na member of the Board of Directors for \nPublic Institutions in 1883. He is a member \nof the Charitable Irish Society, the Central \nClub, and the Orpheus Club. \n\n\nSCOLLANS, WILLIAM, cattle-dealer, born \nin Newton, Mass., Aug. i, 1835. When \nquite young he removed to Brighton, where \nhe attended the public schools. He has \nbeen engaged slaughtering and selling cattle \nsince he left school. He served in the Com- \nmon Council from Ward 25 during 1886, \nand was on the Committees of Sewers and \nBridges. \n\nSHEA, JOHN B., book-keeper and real- \nestate agent, born in Boston, Aug. 15, 1851. \nHe was educated in the Boylston and Latin \nSchools of this city. He represented Ward \n13 in the Legislature of 1878. \n\nSHEA, JOHN F.1 \n\nSHEERIN, JOHN B., clothing salesman, born \nin Boston, Feb. 22, 1849. He attended the \nMayhew School of this city, and is at present \nengaged in the clothing business. He rep- \nresented Ward 6 in the Legislature of 1882. \nHe was elected a visiting agent for' the \nBoard of Overseers of the Poor, and has \nbeen almost, constantly engaged in assisting \nvarious Catholic charitable undertakings and \nrelief bureaus throughout the city. \n\nSHORT, JOHN C., tradesman, was born in \nBoston, of Irish parents, Nov. 27, 1860. \nEight years ago young Short was bending \nover his work at manual labor, — a carpet- \ncolor mixer, — performing his daily duties for \na rich corporation, the Roxbury Carpet Com- \npany, and there receiving his rudimentary \nand beneficial experience of the woes and \nwants of his co-workers. Thence he engaged \nin the service of the Metropolitan Railroad \nCompany, of Boston, for whom he was to \nlegislate some time later. His schooling was \nfirst received in the Boston public schools and \nthe grammar schools in New York, Rutger's \nCollege, New York, at which he graduated \nin 1875. ^^ mind, then piously inclined, \nprompted him to test his vocation for the \npriestly calling, consequently he entered the \n\n1 See Lawyers. \n\n\n890 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nseminary of Our Lady of Angels, Suspension \nBridge, Niagara, N.Y., but was obliged to \nleave there at the end of two years to return \nto the death-bed of his father. Mr. Short \nhas been actively engaged in ameliorating \nthe condition of his associate workmen, and \nextending his natural abilities towards the \nimprovement of those who engage in the \nvarious occupations of manual labor. Mr. \nShort was a member of the Common Council \nin 1887, and his intelligent service on the \nimportant committees to which he had been \nassigned won him the confidence of the \npublic. He was elected a member of the \nBoard of Aldermen in i887,'88,'89, and is now \naccomplishing good work. Alderman Short \nis the son of James and Mary F. Short. His \nfather was a member of the Roxbury Com- \nmon Council, and a well-to-do manufacturer of \ncarpets. The elder Short was superintendent \nof John Crosby's carpet factory, in Bridge- \nport, Conn., and afterwards superintendent \nof the New Brunswick Carpet Company, \nof New Jersey, of which he became a \npartner. Alderman Short has been the \nhonored recipient of many tokens of esteem \nand -regard from the Boston workingmen, \nwhose cause he has always espoused. He \nwas presented with a gold watch and chain \nby them on Feb. 18, 1887, and $400 in \nmoney, and his portrait in crayon at a \nball which they gave in his honor. He \nalso received £200 from them at another \ntime. He is the worthy foreman of the \nState Assembly of Massachusetts Knights of \nLabor, and he has remained a consistent friend \nto the men who have intrusted to his ability \ntheir interests. He was nominated by Mayor \nO'Brien a director of the Workingmen's \nLoan Association, of which Robert Treat \nFame is the president. \n\nSPILLANE, TIMOTHY B., carpenter, born \nin Ireland in 1849. He came to the United \nStates when quite young, and received his \nearly education in the public schools of \nAmesbury, Mass., and completed his school \ntraining at a later period in the public schools \nof Boston. He was at one time a member \n\n\nof the old Seventh Regiment, M.V.M., and \nserved in the Legislature from Ward 16 in \n1879. \n\nSPLAINE, HENRY, stable-keeper, born in \nIreland, Aug. 6, 1837. He was enrolled as \na member of Company E, Seventeenth \nRegiment, at Haverhill, in 1861, and subse- \nquently elected lieutenant and then colonel \nof the regiment. He was mustered out of \nservice Aug. 19, 1865. He was a member of \nthe General Court, from Ward 2, in 1872-73. \n\nSTACK, JAMES H., born in Boston, Aug. 6, \n\n1855. ^e attended the Boylston Grammar \nSchool, which he left in 1867 to learn the \nprinter's trade. From 1867 to 1879 he was \nemployed by Rockwell & Churchill, when he \nengaged in the liquor business for himself, \nand now represents real and personal prop- \nerty to the amount of $50,000. He served \nin the Common Council of 1882; is a mem- \nber of the Montgomery Veteran Association \nand Charitable Irish Society. \n\nSULLIVAN, BENJAMIN J., post-office super- \nintendent, born in East Boston, Jan. 12, \n\n1856. He attended the public schools, and \nat the age of fifteen became employed in a \ndry-goods store, where he worked three \nyears. He then learned wood-carving and \nupholstering, and was engaged in the latter \ntrade for eleven years. He represented \nWard 2 in the Common Council of 1886. \nHe has been identified with the Democracy \nof East Boston for several years, and was \nrecently appointed superintendent of the \npost-office for that district, his present \nposition. \n\nSULLIVAN, JAMES, stable-keeper, born in \nKerry, Ireland, in 1844. He was educated \nin the Boston public schools, having come \nto this city when quite young. During the \nwar he served in one of the Massachusetts \nregiments, and is a member of the G.A.R. \nHe is also a member of the Charitable Irish \nSociety and the Foresters. He was elected \nto the House of Representatives of 1886-87, \nfrom Ward 13. \n\n\nBIO GRAPHICAL SKE TCHES. \n\n\n391 \n\n\nSULLIVAN, JAMES H., elected to serve as \na member of the Common Council during \nthe year 1889. \n\nSULLIVAN, JOHN H., stevedore, born in \nIreland in 1848. He was educated in the \nNational Schools of his birthplace. He ran \naway from home at the age of eighteen years \nto go to sea, and arrived in America in 1867. \nLater he was an inspector of East India \nmerchandise in East Boston. He finally be- \ncame stevedore in charge of the National, Do- \nminion, Warren, and Iceland Steamship Line \ndocks. He was a member of the Common \nCouncil of 1884-85, Board of Aldermen of \n1886-87, and the Massachusetts Senate of \n1888. \n\nSULLIVAN, MICHAEL, born in London, \nEngland, April lo, 1837. He emigrated \nwhen very young, and settled in this city, \nwhere he was educated at the public schools- \nHe represented Ward 5 in the Legislature of \n1876. \n\nSULLIVAN, RICHARD. * \n\nSULLIVAN, THOMAS F., cigar manufact- \nurer, born in Fitchville, Conn., March 22, \n1862. He removed to New Hartford at an \nearly age, where his parents still reside. He \nattended the public schools of the latter \nplace, and at the age of fifteen engaged in the \nmilk business with his father. In 1 879 went \ninto the grocery business at South Boston, \nwhich he continued till 1881. Later he \naccepted a position as travelling salesman for \nAllen & Woodworth, and remained with them \nfor three years. In 1884 he entered the \nfirm of McCormick & Sullivan, as manufact- \nurers of cigars. He was a member of the \nLegislature of 1887, from South Boston. \n\nSWEENEY, DANIEL J., printer, born in \nBoston, Jan. 25, 1834. He was educated \nin the public schools of this city, and after- \nward learned the printer's trade. He was \n\n\n1 See Lawyers. \n\n\nemployed by Rockwell & Churchill for sev- \neral years, and represented Ward I in the \nCommon Council of 1863, '64, '67, '79, '80, \nand in the Legislature of 1874-75. He has \nbeen employed as keeper of the city tombs \nduring recent years. \n\nSWEENEY, THOMAS E, artist and in- \nstructor, born in North Abington, Mass., Aug. \n31, 1864. He graduated from the North Ab- \nington High School and Massachusetts State \nNormal Art School, and supplemented his \nart studies in Paris. At the Normal School \nhe stood first in his class on mechanical \ndrawing, modelling in clay, and free-hand \ndrawing, and was engaged as instructor at \nthe school at which he graduated, a position \nwhich he still retains. He is also engaged \nas a teacher of mechanical drawing at the \nEast Boston Evening Drawing-School, and \nas teacher of monumental drawing at the \nEvening Drawing-School of Quincy, Mass. \nHe has resided in Boston since 1884, and \nduring his business experience has executed \nmany creditable works of art in different \ndepartments. \n\nTAYLOR, WILLIAM, was born of Irish parents \nin St. John's, Newfoundland, April 15, 1831, \nand received a good common-school educa- \ntion. A taste of sea life on fishing-trips \nwoke the sailor instinct in him. School- \nbooks and slate went overboard, and at the \nage of fourteen he tried his luck as a stowa- \nway. Once he was found and put ashore in \na wild country, with a three days' tramp \nthrough heavy snows between himself and \nhome. The next attempt landed him at \nFigueira, in Portugal. During the next twelve \nor fifteen years he sailed in every quarter of \nthe globe, varying the monotony of the sea \nby ventures, not altogether unrewarded, in the \ngold mines of Australia and California. In \nthe forecastle he saw tyranny and cruelty \nenough to make him forever unwilling to \ntrust any man to the unchecked and irre- \nsponsible power of another, and it is inter- \nesting to tract in the statute books of the \nState of Massachusetts the effect of this ex- \n\n\n392 \n\n\n'THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nperience on Mr. Taylor's career as a legislator. \nBefore he abandoned the sea he rose to the \nrank of captain. Mr. Taylor settled in Bos- \nton in 1859. He was a member of the Com- \nmon Council in 1870 and 1871, and again in \n1876; a member of the Massachusetts House \nof Representatives in 1872-73, and of the \nSenate in 1879-80. While on the Committee \non Federal Relations in the House he pre- \nsented a resolution requesting Congress to \nlegislate for the more effectual security of the \nrights of seamen in cases of shipwreck or \nfreight losses; and though opposed by the \nrest of the committee, the measure was car- \nried by both House and Senate, and was in- \nfluential in changing the maritime law of the \nnation. Mr. Taylor stood with the minority \nof the same committee in opposing the vote \nof censure passed on Charles Sumner in 1873. \n\nIn the Senate he served with credit on the \nCommittees on Fisheries and Harbors; orig- \ninated the appeal, which has since been an- \nnually repeated, for manhood suffrage, and \nwhich effected the reduction of the suffrage \nqualification to one dollar instead of two; \nproposed a modification of the alien laws, \ntending to avoid expense and prevent fraud, \nwhich was rejected; secured the enactment \nof legislation compelling private detectives \nto be licensed; was selected by the special \ncommittee of 1879 on contract convict labor \nto draft a bill for a reformatory, and embodied \nin this bill some of the most important of the \nhumane ideas of prison reform then first \ncoming into public notice. Mr. Taylor's work \nin this connection attracted wide attention, \nand resulted in the passage, in 1883, of the \npresent law, which is a slight modification of \nthe bill originally reported by him. \n\nHe was a delegate to the National Demo- \ncratic Convention in 1881. In 1883 Mr. \nTaylor was appointed on the health com- \nmission. To his energetic administration of \nhis share of this office is largely due the very \nnoticeable improvement in the sanitary con- \ndition of the city during the last six years. \n\nTEEVENS, JOHN J., born in Darrlheyk, \nCounty Leitrim, Ireland, Nov. II, 1844. He \n\n\nreceived his early education at the National \nSchools in Ireland, and emigrated, July 12, \n1860, locating in Boston. In 1860 he en- \ngaged to learn the trade of coppersmith with \nA. B. & S. H. Loring, where he was employed \nfor fifteen years. In 1875 ne entered into the \nliquor business for himself at South Boston, \nand now represents real estate to the amount \nof about {40,000. He was a member of the \nCommon Council of 1887, '88, '89, serving on \nthe Committees on Printing, Public Library, \nOrdinance, and Judiciary. He is a member \nof a number of Irish societies. \n\nTOBIN, RICHARD F., fire commissioner, \nborn in Boston, Nov. 20, 1844. He was a \npupil of the public schools, and was appren- \nticed at sixteen years of age to Lyman, Kins- \nley, & Co., iron moulders. He entered the \nservice of the United States sloop-of-war \n\"Preble\"in 1862, and after the destruction \nof that vessel he was transferred to the \nfrigate \" Potomac.\" He rendered creditable \nservice under Admiral Farragut in the West \nGulf squadron. He has served in the Cam- \nbridge City Council, and was assistant engi- \nneer of the Cambridge fire department, and \na Democratic member from Boston of the \nState Legislature, where he distinguished him- \nself by championing the \" Soldiers' Exemption \nBill.\" He has been a member of different \nposts of the Grand Army of the Republic, \nand he became a member of Post 30, at Cam- \nbridge, Mass., and was elected senior vice- \ncommander and afterwards commander. He \nis now a member of Post 2, at South Boston. \nHe was a member of the Council of Adminis- \ntration, Department of Massachusetts; junior \nvice department commander; and was unan- \nimously elected senior vice-commander, De- \npartment of Massachusetts, G.A.R. Mr. \nTobin learned the iron business, and he was \nappointed the superintendent of the Wai- \nworth Manufacturing Company's extensive \niron works at South Boston. He was ap- \npointed a fire commissioner by Mayor O'Brien \nin April, 1877, on account of his fitness for \nthe place, as well as in recognition of his ser- \nvices as a fireman and practical master of the \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\ntechnique of the department. His appoint- \nment satisfied many of our citizens, and sur- \nprised Commissioner Tobin, who had never \nsolicited the office. \n\nTOLAND, HUGH J., superintendent of \nlamps, born in Boston, Sept. I, 1844. He \ngraduated from the Lawrence Grammar \nSchool in 1859, and from Boston English \nHigh School with the class of 1862. He \ndevoted three years to private study of the \nclassics and modern languages; was taught \nthe trade of watchmaker by his father, Mr. \nJohn Toland, with whom he remained in that \nbusiness until 1 872. He became actively en- \ngaged in politics, and he has filled many \nhonorable positions in the service of the State \nand City governments. In 1869 he was \nelected to membership on the Boston School \nBoard. He was an assistant assessor from \n1870-76; a Democratic member of the \nHouse of Representatives 1871-75, inclusive ; \na member of the Massachusetts State Senate \nfrom 1874-75, inclusive; a first assistant as- \nsessor in 1876; and a member of Governor's \nCouncil in 1877. \n\nHe was the sealer of weights and measures \nfrom 1879-83, inclusive, and the superintend- \nent of lamps from 1885-89. He effected a \nchange in the settlement laws while in the \nLegislature, whereby the right of settlement \nwas granted to those persons who would pay \ntaxes for three successive years, instead of \nfor five years, as required by the old law. \nThe painting of the building and the \ngilding of the dome of the State House in \n1874 was due to Mr. Toland 's persistent \nefforts, at an expense of $30,000. He \nwas appointed on the Committee of In- \nvestigation, whose duties consisted of learn- \ning the manner in which the money was \nspent. He was the chairman of the House \nCommittee on Ventilation in 1875, and the \nattorney-general complimented him for the \neconomical outlay which he had regulated on \nbehalf of the State. In 1876 was the prin- \ncipal in the management of the campaign of \nBenjamin Dean, who was elected by twenty- \nfive votes; the Prince campaign in 1877; \n\n\nthe Butler campaign in 1878 and 1882. In \n1878 General Butler suffered defeat; but in \n1882 he was successfully elected by a majority \nvote of 1 3,000. \n\nTRACY, THOMAS F., cigar-maker, born in \nBoston, May 20, 1861. He graduated from \nthe Quincy Grammar School in 1877. ^e \nwas first employed for Shepard, Norwell, & \nCo., where he remained for three years, and \nthen left to learn the trade of a cigar-maker, \nhis present business. He served in the Com- \nmon Council of 1887-88 from Ward 12, and \nwas on the Committees on City Hospital, \nCambridge Bridge, Queen Kapiolani's Re- \nception, City Hospital, Joint Contingent \nExpenses, and Health Department. To him \nis due the credit of first introducing the \nSaturday half-holiday order. He is a mem- \nber of the Cigar-Makers' Union. \n\nWALSH, JOHN H., hotel-keeper, born in \nKilsheelan, near Qonmel, Tipperary, Ireland, \nNov. 28, 1842; died at Brighton, Mass., Sept. \n3, 1888. He was educated in the schools of \nhis native place, and early in life took an \nactive part in the Fenian movement. He \nwas one of the organizers of a circle in the \ntown in which he lived, and took such a \nprominent part, that in 1865 he was com- \npelled to flee from home to save his life. \nDuring that year he came to this country, \nand located in Boston, where he engaged in \nthe liquor business. In 1874-75 he repre- \nsented old Ward 5 in the Common Council. \nAbout 1876 he became a resident of Brigh- \nton, and established the Centennial House, \nAllston, the same year. He was a member of \nthe Democratic City Committee for several \nyears, and the State Central Committee one \nyear. He was a stanch Democrat in politics, \nindependent in action, but with the utmost \nhonesty of purpose. He was always identi- \nfied with Irish affairs, and was one of the \norganizers of the Irish Athletic dub of \nBoston. \n\nWALSH, JOHN L.1 \n\n1 See Lawyers. \n\n\n394 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON \n\n\nWALSH, MATTHEW, assistant inspector of \nbuildings, born in County Kilkenny, Ire- \nland, June 20, 1836. He immigrated to \nQuebec in 1845, DUt remained only a few \nweeks, and then came to Boston, where he \nhas since been located. He attended the \npublic schools until about thirteen years of \nage. In 1851 he served his apprenticeship \nas a plumber, which trade he was engaged \nin for a number of years. He served as \nsergeant in Company A of the Fifth Massa- \nchusetts Regiment during the war. After \nreturning from the battle-field he resumed \nhis employment as a journeyman plumber, \nand for a time was engaged in business on \nhis own account. In 1883 he was appointed \nto his present position as inspector of build- \nings. He was a member of the Charlestown \nCommon Council of 1867, and of the same \nbody in Boston during 1880, '81, '82. He \nis a member of Post 1 1, Grand Army of the \nRepublic. \n\nWARD, JOHN P. J.1 \n\nWELCH, WILLIAM J., district superin- \ntendent Water Department, City Hall, was \nborn in Boston in 1848, and attended the \npublic schools. He was early engaged in \nthe newspaper and periodical business at \nthe Merchants' Exchange, and solely by his \nown exertions and industry he has accumu- \nlated a respectable fortune. In 1879 Mr. \nWelch was elected to the Common Council of \n1880, and also served in the Councils of 1881- \n82. He served on several important com- \nmittees, notably the Committees on Finance, \nPolice, and Assessors' Department. He was \nelected an alderman in 1882 on the Demo- \ncratic and Citizens' tickets, and was a member \nof the Board in 1885. \n\nWHALL, WILLIAM B. F.1 \n\nWHITE, JAMES, tailor, born in County \nLimerick, Ireland, Jan. 20, 1831. He re- \nceived a common-school education. He is \n\n\n1 See Lawyers. \n\n\nby occupation a tailor, and has been a resi- \ndent of Charlestown for many years. On \nMay 26, 1865, he was commissioned captain \nof the Jackson Guard, Company G, Ninth \nRegiment, M.V.M., which was formed at that \ntime. During the last two years that Charles- \ntown was a separate city, he was a member \nof the Charlestown Common Council. He \nalso represented Ward 3 in the Legislature of \n1881-82, and served on the Committee on \nLiquor Law. \n\nMEMBERS OF COMMON COUNCIL. \nAMORY, JONATHAN, 1822, '23. \nAMORY, THOMAS COFFIN, 1836, '37, '38, \n'39, '40, '41, '42. \nBARRY, EDWARD W., 1874. \nBARRY, JOHN H., 1857, '58. \nBARRY, PATRICK, 1875. \nBARRY, WILLIAM, 1822, '24, '25, '26, '27. \nBEAN, NICHOLAS J., 1865. \nBOIES, JEREMIAH, 1825, '26. \nBRADY, HUGH E., 1884, '85, '86. \nBRENNAN, THOMAS, 1871, '72, '73. \nBUCKLEY, JOSEPH, 1855, '56, '62, '63. \nCANNON, JOHN, 1879. \nCARNEY, MICHAEL (Ward 7), 1867. \nCARR, DANIEL, Jr., 1861. \nCARROLL, JOSEPH H., 1886. \nCASSIDY, PATRICK L., 1883, '84, '85. \nCAWLEY, DENNIS, Jr., 1866, '67, '74. \nCOCHRAN, SAMUEL J., 1886. \nCOLEMAN, JEREMIAH F., 1887. \nCOLLINS, PATRICK, 1872, '73. \nCONNELL, JOSEPH P., 1881, '82, '84. \nCONNOR, CHRISTOPHER A., 1866, '67. \nCOYLE, GEORGE J., 1875. \nCOYLE, PATRICK, 1886, '87, '88. \nCRONIN, PATRICK H., 1880, '81. \nCROWLEY, JAMES K., 1869, '74. \nCULLEN, BERNARD, 1862, '63. \nDACEY, JAMES F., 1874. \nDACEY, JOHN, 1860, '61. \nDALY, JAMES F., 1881, '82. \nDALY, WILLIAM A., 1885. \nDEVINE, JAMES, 1870, '71, '72, '79, '80. \n\nDOHERTY, CdRNELIUS, 1859, '60. \nDOHERTY, CORNEUUS F., 1879, '80, '8l, \n\n'83. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. \n\n\n395 \n\n\nDOHERTY, JOHN, ist, 1879, '80, '81. \nDOHERTY, THOMAS, 1869, '70. \nDOHERTY, THOMAS H., 1873. \nDOLAN, BARTHOLOMEW, 1872. \nDOLAN, THOMAS, 1868, '70, '71. \nDONNELLY, EUGENE C, 1870. \nDRISCOLL, MICHAEL J., 1868. \nDUGGAN, JOHN A., 1875, '77. \nDUGGAN, THOMAS J., 1886. \nENGLISH, WILLIAM, 1885, '86. \nFAGAN, JAMES, 1877. \nFALLON, JOHN C., 1861, '62. \nFENNELLY, ROBERT, 1825. \nFINNERTY, EDWARD, 1883, '84. \nFITZPATRICK, THOMAS J., 1875, '76. \nFLYNN, DENNIS A., 1877, '87. \nFLYNN, JAMES J., 1865, '66, '68, '69, '71, \n\n'72» '73» '74, '75. '76, '77. '83- \nFLYNN, JOHN F., 1865, '66. \nFOLAN, MARTIN T., 1880, '81, '85, '86, '89. \nFORD, WILLIAM C., 1850, '57, '58, '59. \nFORD, WILLIAM H., 1881, '82. \nFox, JAMES W., 1876. \nFOYE, JOHN W., 1871. \nFURLONG, NICHOLAS, 1879. \nGALLAGHER, JOHN, 1885, '86. \nGIBLIN, JOHN H., 1870. \nGOGIN, THOMAS, 1864, '67. \nGOOD, JOHN, 1882. \nGREEN, THOMAS H., 1884. \nHANIGAN, JEREMIAH, 1875. \nHAYES, JOHN T., 1879. \nHENNESSEY, EDWARD, 1849, '50. \nHICKEY, THOMAS H., 1886. \nHORGAN, DENNIS A., 1884, '85. \nHOUGHTON, MICHAEL J., 1882, '83. \nHUGHES, FRANCIS M., 1872, '73. \nJACKSON, PATRICK T , 1822. \nJACKSON, PATRICK T., 1864. \nKEANEY, MATTHEW, 1862, '63, '64, '68, '69. \nKELLEY, JOHN (Ward 6), 1877, '78- \nKELLEY, MICHAEL, 1873. \nKELLEY, ROGER J., 1879. \nKILDUFF, WILLIAM J., 1884. \nKILLION, MICHAEL J., 1882, '83. \nLAPPEN, JAMES A., 1875, '76. \nLEAHY, JOHN, 1860. * \nLOGAN, PATRICK F., 1863. \nLOUGHLIN, JAMES W., 1877. \n\n\nMACKIN, WILLIAM, 1884. \n\nMADDEN, HUGH A., 1866. \n\nMADDEN, JOHN, 1873. \n\nMAGUIRE, FRANCIS P., 1883, '84. \n\nMAHAN, JOHN W., 1873. \n\nMCCARTHY, CHARLES J., 1859, '60, '61, \n'62, '64. \n\nMCCARTY, MICHAEL H., 1874. \n\nMCCLUSKY, JAMES F., 1877. \n\nMcCoRMicK, MARTIN S., 1881. \n\nMcCuE, ROBERT, 1873. \n\nMCDEVITT, ROBERT, 1871. \n\nMCGILVRAY, DAVID F., 1856, '57. \n\nMCKENNEY, WILLIAM, 1873. \n\nMCNARY, WILLIAM S., 1886. \n\nMILLER, WILLIAM H., 1885. \n\nMINON, MICHAEL G., 1868. \n\nMOLEY, PATRICK, 1874, '75. \n\nMOONEY THOMAS (Ward 3), 1859. \n\nMOONEY, WILLIAM, 1864, '65. \n\nMULLANE, JEREMIAH M., 1869, '71, '72. \n\nMURPHY, CORNELIUS, 1861, '62. \n\nMURPHY, JAMES F., 1885. \n\nMURPHY, JOHN, 1886. \n\nMURPHY, JOHN J., 1870. \n\nNUGENT, JAMES H., 1877. \n\nO'BRIEN, CHRISTOPHER, 1886. \n\nO'BRIEN, FRANCIS, 1879. \n\nO'BRIEN, JOHN, 1870, '71. \n\nO'BRIEN, JOHN P., 1883. \n\nO'DONNELL, EDWARD, 1877. \n\nO'DoNNELL, PHILIP, 1861, '62, '63. \n\nPOWER, RICHARD, 1875. \n\nQUINN, JOHN, 1870. \n\nREAGAN, WILLIAM J., 1884, '85, '86. \n\nRICHARDS, WILLIAM R., 1886. \n\nRIDDLE, PATRICK E., 1885. \n\nRILEY, JAMES, 1859, '60, '61, '62. \n\nRYAN, EDWARD, 1862, '63. \n\nRYAN, JOSEPH T., 1868, '69, '70, '71. \n\nSLATTERY, JOHN A., 1879. \n\nSWEENEY, DANIEL J., 2d, 1880. \n\nTAYLOR, WILLIAM, 1870, '71, '76. \n\nTAYLOR, WILLIAM, Jr., 1884, '85, '86. \n\nTEEVAN, JAMES, 1881, '82. \n\nTUCKER, JOHN C., 1858, '59, '60, '61, '62, \n'63, '67. \n\nWELLS, MICHAEL F., 1862, '63, '64, '67, \n'68, '69, '70, '73. \n\n\nBUSINESS AFFAIRS \n\n\nMEN OF BUSINESS. \n\n\nBUSINESS AFFAIRS AND MEN OF BUSINESS. \n\n\nTHE geographical position of Boston makes it one of the most \nimportant commercial cities in the United States, and, as the \nmetropolis of New England, it commands the immense volume of \ntrade of the Eastern States. \n\nThe almost fabulous growth of our industries, and the ex- \ntent of our import and export trade, have won the admiration of \nthe world. The Old World steadily receives our products, and there \nis an encouraging increase of exported articles each year. Boston is \nalso the great distributing point whence the merchandise of the East \nis shipped to every section of the continent. The abundant capital \nat the disposal of its citizens places it in the front rank of the lead- \ning industrial cities in the country. The position of the Irish race, as \nprojectors and promoters of the diversified business enterprises and \nimportant factors in the present development of trade and manufact- \nures, is progressive. The early Irish settlers of whom there is any \nrecord seem to have engaged in the paper and chocolate industries. \nSuch men as John Cogan, James Boies, John Hannan, and Jeremiah \nSmith, for instance, were among the most able and prominent busi- \nness men of early times. About Cogan much might be written. \nTo Mr. John B. Reagan, of Dorchester, Mass., we are indebted for \nthe discovery of Cogan's Celtic origin, and the following sketch of \nhis work in Boston, which appeared in \"The Boston Herald \" of May \n23, 1889, is interesting: — \n\n(899) \n\n\n400 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nJOHN COGAN, THE MAN WHO OPENED THE FIRST \nSTORE IN BOSTON. \n\nTo the Editor of the \" Herald: \" — \n\nAmong those who came over in the so-called Winthrop fleet, composed of \n\" people from all parts,\" were several merchants from the maritime ports of Ireland, \nof whom John Cogan was one. He first went to Dorchester, and had land allotted \nhim there in 1630. The keen and far-seeing eye of the man of business quickly \ndiscovered that Boston was destined to be the location for men of his stamp, and he \nmoved there in 1632. He, in company with Winthrop, Bellingham, Coddington, \nand others, laid the foundation of what is to-day the city of Boston. He was \nappointed by Governor Winthrop in 1633 a commissioner to select the lands that \nwere best adapted for agricultural purposes, that the colonists might not waste their \nenergies in planting on land not adapted for their crop. He was one of the board \nof selectmen the first year of its existence, was one of the first to join the church, \nand so much was he esteemed by Rev. Mr. Wilson, the pastor of the first church in \nBoston, that Cogan was often consulted by him on worldly affairs. The lot on the \nnorth-east corner of State and Washington streets he purchased of Rev. Mr. Wilson, \nand erected a building on it; and on this spot, March 4, 1634, John Cogan from \nIreland opened the first store in the town of Boston. To him belongs the honor of \nbeing the father of Boston merchants. He was one of the charter members of the \nAncient and Honorable Artillery Company. The name of Mr. Cogan is insepa- \nrably connected with the interests and progress of the first twenty-five years of \nBoston's existence. He was the owner of a great deal of real estate in the city and \nsurrounding towns. Among his property was the lot corner of Beacon and Tremont \nstreets, known in our day as the Pavilion and Albion Hotel lot. It was 322 feet on \nBeacon street and 76 feet on Tremont street. After the death of Mr. Cogan it \nbecame the residence successively of Joshua Scotto, Colonel Shrimpton, and Rev. \nMr. Oxenbridge, and was considered at that time one of the most desirable resi- \ndences in Boston. Mr. Cogan's next-door neighbor on the north, toward Pem- \nberton square, was Governor Bellingham. This Bellingham lot became famous \nafterward as the homestead of the Faneuils. The Faneuils came to Boston in 1691, \nand were obliged to give bonds to the town that they would not become a public \ncharge. When Peter Faneuil died, in 1742, this property was appraised at the then \nenormous sum of .£12,375, so that this locality must have been one of Boston's \nfavored spots as a residence. In 1651 Mr. Cogan was married to Martha, the \nwidow of Gov. John Winthrop, Governor Endicott performing the marriage \nceremony. Among Mr. Cogan's donations to Harvard College was 175 acres of \nland in Chelsea. He was very wealthy for the times he lived in. Among his prop- \nerty was one farm in Chelsea, valued at £450, beside other parcels in that locality. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 401 \n\nHe had mills in Charlestown and in Maiden, also 500 acres of land in Woburn, and \ntwo stores in Boston, with other property beside his residence. All in all, he was \none of Boston's chief pillars, both in Church and State. He died in Boston, April \n27, 1658. J. B. R. \n\nDORCHESTER, May 23, 1889. \n\nPAPER-MILLS IN MILTON. \n\nEARLY IRISH SETTLERS IN MASSACHUSETTS. \n\ni \nRecent articles on the early paper industry of this country have \n\nexcited the curiosity of many of our older citizens, who have re- \nfreshed their memory by tracing up the early history of some of the \nfounders of the paper-mills. From records which have been ap- \nproved by the writers of history, a Dorchester (Mass.) citizen has \ncompiled the following story of the paper industry on the Neponset \nriver : — \n\nOn Sept. 13, 1 728, the Massachusetts General Court passed an act \ngranting the exclusive privilege to make paper in this province for a \nterm of ten years to some Boston merchants. Among them were \nThomas Hancock and Benjamin Faneuil. A fine of twenty shillings \nwas imposed on every ream manufactured by anybody else. These \ngentlemen leased a building at what is now Milton Lower Mills. \nHenry Deering acted as agent and superintendent. These gentlemen \ncarried on the business until 1737, when it came under the superin- \ntendency of Jeremiah Smith, who had some years previously arrived \nfrom Ireland. \n\nIn 1741 he was enabled to purchase the mill from the heirs of Rev. \nJoseph Belcher, of Dedham, with seven acres of land lying on both \nsides of the Neponset river, and bounded by the public landing and \nalso the county road. Mr. Smith continued to carry on the business \nuntil 1775, when, having accumulated a fortune, he sold out to his \nson-in-law, Daniel Vose, and retired from active business. If to Mr. \nSmith belongs the credit of being the first individual paper manu- \nfacturer, to others of his countrymen is due the fact that the \nNeponset river was made the basis of paper manufacturing in the \nNorth American colonies, which, in a measure, lasts to this day. \n\n\n402 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nAbout 1744, Capt. James Boies, who had been acting as super- \ncargo on vessels sailing from Galway and Bristol, settled in Dorchester, \nand built mills and manufactured paper. In 1771 he took into \npartnership his son-in-law, Hugh McLean, and they became the \nowners of several paper-mills and slitting-mills on the Neponset \nriver. \n\nAbout 1795, a young man from New Jersey named Mark \nHollingsworth was given employment in one of these mills, and after \nthe deaths of Boies and McLean he, in company with Edward \nTileston, became possessed of the mills and water privileges. The \ndescendants of Messrs. Tileston and Hollingsworth carry on the \nbusiness to this day in the same locality. \n\nJeremiah Smith, Hugh McLean, and James Boies may be said \nto be the founders and early promoters of the paper industry of \nDorchester and Milton. \n\nIn the biographical sketches we have touched upon the business \nrecords of other men who were eminently among the solid men of \nthe city in early times. The fact that the prominence of their descend- \nants in business life does not stand out so boldly to-day is due to \nthe blending of the Irish blood of the fathers with that of other \nnationalities. The Irish- American business men of our generation in \nBoston are progressing steadily towards the highest positions of \nprofit in the commercial and mercantile world. The relative posi- \ntions between the Boston business men of Irish birth and descent \nand those of principal Western cities is very large, varying in point of ' \nwealth many millions of dollars. We have no Mackay, Flood, or \nother bonanza kings. The wealthy New York Irish-American \ncapitalist has no peer in Boston. We are yet but sowers. \n\nA prominent citizen of Boston asked Gen. Benjamin F. Butler \nnot long since why it was that the Irish citizens of Boston had not \nmade more visible progress among the leading manufacturers and \nmerchants of the city. The general replied that the Irish, in this \nrespect, were like a young, sturdy, and growing wood, encompassed \nand overshadowed by a larger one of full growth, and that in course \nof time the young wood swells to such proportions as to force the \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 403 \n\nold wood down, and burst into full view; which seems to be a very \nunique explanation of the difficulty. It would involve much time \nand space to narrate the business success of the individual. Much \ncan be learned from the biographical sketches in this book. That \nthe Irish have contributed to the material advancement and pros- \nperity of Boston, and given to it much of its industrial prominence, \nis a fact unquestionable. \n\nTHE UNION INSTITUTION FOR SAVINGS. \n\nWhen the Rev. John McElroy, S.J., was building the Church \nof the Immaculate Conception and Boston College on Harrison \navenue, it required a large expenditure of money, and he found it \nvery difficult to obtain loans from the savings-banks of this city, as \nthey were prejudiced against such loans, and there was a possibility \nthat the work would have to stop for want of means. \n\nAssociated with Father McElroy there were a number of lay- \nmen, who were anxious for the financial prosperity and success of \nthe church and college, among the most active of whom were \nJoseph A. Laforme, Francis McLaughlin, John C. Crowley, Hugh \nO'Brien, Geo. F. Emery, and Hugh Carey, and the question was \nasked, Why not start a savings-bank that would be managed with \nmore liberality, enable the large and increasing Catholic population \nto build their churches, asylums, and institutions of learning, and \nalso to encourage men of small means to build dwellings? They \nwere aware of the fact that considerable money was lying idle, and \nthat it only required a little effort to induce people to place their \nsurplus earnings under the control of such a management, and, after \nconsideration, it was determined to ask the Legislature for a charter. \n\nThis idea was strongly encouraged by the Right Rev. John B. \nFitzpatrick, by the Very Rev. J. J. Williams, V.G.,1 by the Rev. \nFather McElroy, and other well-known clergymen and laymen ; but \nit was believed at the time if Catholics alone applied for a charter, \nthat it was doubtful if the Legislature would grant it, on account of \n\n1 The present Archbishop of Boston, who has ever been a stanch friend of the bank. \n\n\n404 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nexisting prejudices. To overcome this prejudice, the cooperation \nof outside parties was asked, and, with the combined influence of \nsuch leading citizens as Moses B. Williams, Wm. I. Bowditch, R. S. \nS. Andros, Joshua D. Ball, Thomas J. Lee, Wm. H. Thorndike, and \nRobert H. Waters, the General Court was petitioned for a charter to \nthe Union Institution for Savings in the city of Boston, which was \ngranted to Moses B. Williams, Patrick Donahoe, John C. Crowley, \nand their associates. The act of incorporation was signed and \napproved by Gov. John A. Andrew, Feb. 8, 1865. \n\nThe first president was John C. Crowley, and treasurer, George \nF. Emery, who held the position until his death, April 14, 1886. \nThe \"Union\" commenced business at No. 238 Washington street, \nMay i, 1865. On the 2 5th of March, 1869, the corporation approved \nof the purchase of a site for a bank building, corner of Chauncy and \nBedford streets, and Messrs. John C. Crowley, Hugh O'Brien, and \nJoseph A. Laforme were appointed a building committee with full \npowers. A handsome stone structure was erected, to which the \nbank was removed Aug. 5, 1870, occupying No. 37 Bedford \nstreet, with the significant emblem of a large beehive in gilt pro- \njecting over the entrance. \n\nThis institution broke down the prejudice existing against loans \non Catholic-church property, and savings-banks, whose depositors \nwere, to a very large extent, Irish Catholics, and some of whom \nhad positively refused any loans on such property, soon came to \ntheir senses, and now, and for a long time, such loans are eagerly \ntaken, and considered among the safest investments. \n\nThe bank has now been in existence twenty-four years, has been \nmanaged with care and ability, and successfully withstood the great \nrun on savings-banks that occurred some years ago. In fact, during \nthat panic, it proved to be one of the strongest savings-banks in the \nState, as the bank had a large amount of quick assets on hand, and \nwas enabled to meet all demands in accordance with the by-laws of \nthe institution. The rates of interest paid during these years have \nbeen from eight to three per cent. One commendable feature of the \nbank is the number of small mortgages held, — a far greater pro- \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 405 \n\nportion than any similar bank in the State, — and in this way it has \nencouraged persons of small means to build and own their home- \nsteads. \n\nThe gentlemen who have been connected with the active man- \nagement of the bank during these twenty-four years are : — \n\nMoses B. Williams, Joseph A. Laforme, Hugh O'Brien, Patrick \nDonahoe, John C. Crowley, Francis McLaughlin, Thomas J. Lee, \nRobert H. Waters, Theodore Metcalf, Wm. H. O'Brien, Hugh Carey, \nJames Collins, Francis A. Peters, John W. Cartwright, Thomas B. \nWilliams, Bernard Foley, Owen Nawn, John J. Hayes, Cornelius P. \nHarkins, Joseph D. Fallen, Michael J. Ward, James W. Dunphy, \nP. H. Kendricken, John Curtin, Edward Harkins. \n\nThe following as trustees : — \n\nR. S. S. Andros, John G. Blake, M.D., P. O. Burrough, Rev. \nWm. Byrne, P. A. Collins, Tristram Campbell, Wm. T. Connelly, \nMichael Doherty, T. J. Dacey, James G. Davis, Cor. F. Driscoll, \nWm. A. Dunn, M.D., George F. Emery, Rev. James Fitton, John E. \nFitzgerald, M. F. Gavin, M.D., P. F. Griffin, Rev. Geo. A. Hamil- \nton, Rev. Geo. F. Haskins, Owen H. Hanlon, Ambrose Kohler, \nJames F. Mullin, William Murray, Dugald McDougall, John M. \nMaguire, W. J. Porter, Wm. S. Pelletier, Henry Pazolt, P. H. Powers, \nHenry L. Richards, Thomas F. Ring, P. F. Sullivan, Rev. J. Simeon, \nS.J., James H. Tallon, Samuel Tuckerman, Denis H. Tully, Joseph \nWalker, N. M. Williams. \n\nThe bank is now located at the corner of Washington street \nand Hayward place, — a very prominent corner in a great business \ncentre, — and since this estate was purchased it has largely increased \nin value. The bank has on hand a large guarantee and surplus \nfund, which insures perfect safety to all depositors. The present \nofficers of the bank are : — \n\n1888-89. \n\nPresident. — Hugh O'Brien. \nVice-President. — Joseph D. Fallen. \nTreasurer. — William S. Pelletier. \n\n\n406 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nClerk. — John J. McCluskey. \n\nTrustees. — John G. Blake, John Curtin, James G. Davis, C. F. \nDriscoll, William A. Dunn, James W. Dunphy, Joseph D. Fallen, \nJohn E. Fitzgerald, M. F. Gavin, C. P. Harkins, Edward Harkins, \nP. H. Kendricken, John M. Maguire, Owen Nawn, Hugh O'Brien, \nWilliam S. Pelletier, William J. Porter, P. F. Sullivan, Joseph Walker, \nMichael J. Ward, Nicholas M. Williams. \n\nExecutive Committee. — Hugh O'Brien, ex officio ; Joseph D. \nFallon, John Curtin, C. P. Harkins, Edward Harkins, P. H. \nKendricken, M. J. Ward. \n\nDeposits, $3,422,698.27. Surplus, $144,686.50. \n\nANDREW CARNEY. \n\nOf the many representative Irishmen whom Boston can claim \nas an honored citizen, and refer to the history of his life with the \nutmost pride, none, perhaps, could have a more exalted position \nthan Andrew Carney. He was, in the words of a business asso- \nciate, \" one of God's best noblemen.\" To the poor of this city \nin .times of sickness and poverty he was a kind-hearted, whole- \nsouled, generous friend and protector. To the Catholic Church \nand the charitable institutions in existence about the middle of the \nniaeteenth century he was a ready provider, and always liberally \nsubscribed large sums of money for their maintenance. Many a \npoor .apple-woman of his time, presiding over her \" little stand,\" \nwas approached by the Irish jnerchant and tendered a half-dollar, \n\" with no change,\" in payment of his purchase of an apple. He \nwould walk away with the exclamation, \" Hush, my dear woman, \ndon't say a word about it ! \" Incidents of this kind would sometimes \nbe so frequent, that on riding home in a street car at the close of the \nday, he would not have money enough to pay his fare, necessitating \na loan from a neighbor, which he always made it a rule to pay on the \nfollowing day. \n\nAndrew Carney, the founder of the Carney Hospital, was born in \nBallanagh, County Cavan, Ireland, May 12, 1794; he died at Boston, \nMass., April 3, 1864, within a month and nine days of being seventy \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, 407 \n\nyears of age. He was of humble origin, and received but a \nmeagre education. At an early age he learned the tailor's trade, \nand in 1816, when twenty years of age, came to this country. \nHe located in Boston, where he obtained employment as a tailor \" at \nthe bench,\" and for a time worked for Kelley & Hudson, tailors, on \nState street. \" He began life,\" said the Rev. Father McElroy, in his \neulogy, \" with nothing but health and labor to rely upon.\" Young \nCarney was, however, self-reliant, confident, industrious, persevering, \neconomical, and regular in his business habits, and he won. He \nheld the key of success in his hand, turned it at the opportune time, \nand opened the door to a substantial fortune. In or about the third \ndecade of the present century he became associated in business with \nHon. Jacob Sleeper, under the firm style of Carney & Sleeper, cloth- \niers, North street. This association continued until he was about \nfifty years of age, and resulted very satisfactorily financially to both \npartners. Few business firms of that period could show a business \nrecord as honorable, or one indicative of more commendable enter- \nprise. Mr. Carney was always punctual, and regarded his word with \nthe sincerity and security of a bond. It is said of him that he was a \nvery keen business man, was exceedingly shrewd, and could see \n\" money \" in a transaction when others would be blind to the possi- \nbilities of the occasion. In 1845 the firm of Carney & Sleeper dis- \nsolved, and during the last nineteen years of his life he was not \nactively engaged in business. During this time, however, he held \ntrusts of responsibility and honor. He was one of the originators of \nthe Bank of the Republic and the Safety Fund Bank, now the First \nNational Bank, the John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance Company, \nand many other successful institutions. \n\nHis donations for charity were many, and of large amounts. In \nthe three years preceding his death he gave away over $300,000, an \naverage of $100,000 a year. At the fall of the Pemberton Mills in \nLawrence, Mass., about the year 1860, which caused so much suffer- \ning to poor families, he sent a telegram early in the morning to the \nauthorities of the city informing them that his check had been sent \nby mail to aid the sufferers. He bought and presented to the good \n\n\n408 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nSisters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul, the land and buildings now \noccupied by the Carney Hospital, at a cost of $13,500; and in the \ncodicil to his will, dated June 25, 1863, he bequeathed $20,000 addi- \ntional, and one-half of the rest and residue of his estate, which \namounted to $45,295.99. The Church of the Immaculate Conception \nalso received $20,000. \n\nMr. Carney was a noble-hearted, devoted Christian, and his death \nwas a source of sincere sorrow to a large number. The obsequies \nwere held at the Church of the Immaculate Conception, which were \nattended by Governor Andrew and council, the immediate business \nassociates and merchants, many of whom closed their places of busi- \nness at the hour of the funeral. At the church a grand requiem mass \nwas celebrated, with Very Rev. John J.Williams, V.G., celebrant; \nRev. Father Bapst, S.J., and Rev. Father O'Hagan, S.J., of Holy \nCross College, deacon and sub-deacon ; and Rev. Father James A. \nHealey, master of ceremonies. An appropriate eulogy was delivered \nby the Rev. Father McElroy. Mr. Carney is understood to have left \nproperty to the amount of $717,354.99, which would now amount to \na million and a half of dollars. \n\nCHRISTOPHER BLAKE. \n\nChristopher Blake, who for many years was prominently iden- \ntified with the furniture manufacturing interests of Boston, is a repre- \nsentative citizen of Irish birth, and a successful and retired merchant. \n\nFrom a comparatively small beginning, by his industry, perse- \nverance, good judgment, and strict business integrity, he has accumu- \nlated a comfortable fortune which now allows him a rest from the \nlabor incidental to active business life. He was born in Balbriggan, \nCounty Dublin, Ireland, Jan. 24, 1830. His early education was re- \nceived at a private school. In September, 1846, he arrived in Boston, \nwhere he has since made his home. He served four years' appren- \nticeship at the furniture manufacturing trade with Joseph L. Ross, on \nHawkins street, and afterwards worked as journeyman, until 1856, \nwhen he commenced business for himself at 94 Utica street, with a \ncapital of only $300. His means were limited, but, with characteristic \n\n\nCHRISTOPHER BLAKE. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 409 \n\npush, he was equal to the obstacles of the occasion, and subsequently \nbecame proprietor of a very large establishment. In 1866 he built a \nfactory on Dorchester avenue, his salesrooms being located at 100 \nNorth street. He employed, on an average, one hundred and fifty \nmen in a building completely equipped for the manufacture of centre \ntables, hall-stands, etageres, writing-desks, and bookcases. The \npatterns made consisted of over two thousand five hundred designs, \nand the production amounted to about $175,000 per year, — an \naverage consumption of four hundred thousand feet of lumber, prin- \ncipally walnut, cherry, oak, mahogany, and white-wood. A forty- \nhorse power engine was used to run seven circular saws, three band \nsaws, three planers, five boring machines, four irregular moulders, \none sandpaper machine, four jig saws, four turning-lathes, one \npointer, and several other machines. The working-floor room \ncovered about thirty-seven thousand square feet, and the kilns for \ndrying lumber had a capacity of thirty thousand feet. His trade ex- \ntended all over the United States, with large exportations to South \nAmerica. On April 4, 1887, he retired from business, leaving as suc- \ncessors Joseph M. Blake (son) and C. H. W. Schlimper, under the \nfirm style of the C. Blake Furniture Manufacturing Company. Mr. \nBlake never accepted public office, although many times asked to do \nso. He is a member of the Charitable Irish Society, Massachusetts \nCharitable Mechanics' Association, City Point Citizens' Association, \nBoston Furniture Club, a director of the Home for Destitute Catholic \nChildren, and an honorary member of both Post 2, G.A.R., and the \nNew England Furniture Exchange. \n\nTHOMAS B. FITZ. \n\nThomas B. Fitz, merchant, born in Grafton, Mass., Dec. 17, \n1844. He attended the public schools of Hopkinton, Mass., and was \na graduate of the High School of that place. He came to Boston \nwhen eighteen years of age, and became employed by E. D. Bell & \nCo., retail dry and fancy goods, at a salary of two and one-half dol- \nlars a week. The concern sold out shortly afterward, and young \nFitz engaged with L. S. Schofield (formerly Bell's superintendent), \n\n\n410 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nlater, Schofield, Barren, & Co. The latter firm subsequently estab- \nlished a branch house in New York City, where Mr. Fitz became \nconfidential clerk. In less than two years the firm dissolved, and he \nwas offered and accepted a copartnership with Mr. Schofield, but, \nupon finding that less capital was put into the business than was rep- \nresented, he withdrew. In 1865 he engaged with Mason, Tucker, & \nCo., wholesale fancy goods, as a travelling salesman, where he re- \nmained for seven years. In July, 1872, he engaged with Brown, \nButton, & Co. ; but the great Boston fire, November 9, of that year, \nbrought about a dissolution, and in December both partners com- \nmenced business separately. \n\nAbout this time Mr. Brown made Messrs. Fitz and Durrell a \nvery liberal offer to form a copartnership, which was accepted, and \nin two years were given equal shares in the firm of Brown, Durrell, & \nCo. It is understood that when Fit/ and Durrell were boys together \nin the employ of E. B. Bell & Co., they formed a resolution to both \ngo into business some day for themselves, and it was put into execu- \ntion in the, formation of the present concern. He is a very active \nbusiness man, an industrious worker, and a careful manager. The \nhouse, of which he is now one of the partners started in a compara- \ntively small way, and is at present doing the largest business in the \nline of wholesale hosiery and fancy dry goods in Boston, selling their \nwares in nearly every State in the Union. The many charitable, \ngenerous, and kindly deeds of Mr. Fitz will never be known. Suffice \nit that the institutions for the relief of the poor and unfortunate, as \nwell as the poor people themselves, share his fortune. His purse is \nalways ready to support the cause of Ireland, and his splendid \nbusiness ability is applied to the construction of the legitimate \nmachinery which yields fruitfully the helpful financial product that is \nsent from New England to Ireland. \n\nWILLIAM H. BRINE. \n\nWilliam H. Brine was born in Boston, and educated at the \npublic schools. When fourteen years of age he entered the employ \nof Mr. Jonathan Wheeler, at East Cambridge. There he remained \n\n\nTHOMAS B. FITZ \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 411 \n\ntwo years, and it may be of interest to our readers, and espe- \ncially to those of the young men who contemplate embarking in \ncommercial life in a great city, to know that he received per week \na salary of one dollar, his present position showing what may be \nachieved by self-denial, energy, and activity. We next find him in \nthe employ of Hogg, Brown, & Taylor, of Boston, with whom he \nremained two years. This city then had a population of about \n190,000, and the present growth up to 450,000 must appear to him \nastonishing. The growth of the dry-goods trade, in which his busi- \nness ranks, has been very remarkable, especially when the great \nopposition of New York is considered. The sales of twelve dry- \ngoods houses, strictly wholesale and wholesale and retail combined, \nlast year amounted to $75,000,000, thus proving that the dry-goods \nbusiness of Boston is the main feature in the city's commerce, repre- \nsenting a larger total than any other industry ; and when the sales of \nthe exclusively retail dealers are also included, the total must be \ntruly enormous. \n\nHaving mastered the intricacies of the dry-goods business, and \nbeing truly regarded as a promising young business man of adminis- \ntrative and executive ability, he entered the employ of Mr. John \nHarrington, at Somerville. In 1861, a few months later, on Mr. \nHarrington enlisting in the cause of the Union, so manifest had his \nability become, and so great was the confidence of his employer, that \nhe was offered and accepted a partnership. It will thus be seen that \nhe has been connected with the present house over twenty-seven \nyears. Mr. Brine justly ranks as a representative New England \nbusiness man, thoroughly posted in his line of trade, and fully alive \nto the modern modes of doing business, and whose position, finan- \ncially and socially, is fully assured. He visited Europe in 1885, and \nalthough the firm had been connected with leading houses in England \nand Germany, by visiting the principal marts of trade in England and \non the Continent, his ideas of the world's traffic were considerably \nenlarged. His visits to Nottingham, Balbriggan, and other places \nnoted for their hosiery industries were very interesting and proved of \ngreat value to him in his business. This was supplemented by a \n\n\n412 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\ntour on the Continent, Vienna, for small-wares, being an objective \npoint. Mr. Brine owns some one hundred and sixty acres of land, \nbeautifully located at Manomet in Southern Plymouth County, Mass. \nThis property is valued at $25,000. There are in Manomet two \nhotels, one of which is on his premises. \n\nThe present firm of Brine & Norcross was organized in 1884, \nunder the same title as now, succeeding to the old business so long \nconducted by John Harrington & Co. The premises then consisted \nof two stores, at 1 7 and 1 8 Tremont Row and 70 and 72 Tremont \nstreet, those on Washington street and Pemberton square having \nbeen added in 1886 and 1888 respectively. The firm now consists \nof the two original partners, Mr. William H. Brine and Mr. J. Henry \nNorcross. Mr. John Harrington retired in 1884. He is known to \nmost of our older citizens as one of Boston's prominent and success- \nful merchants, who through a long business career enjoyed the con- \nfidence of the commercial world and the respect of the community \ngenerally. The credit of the house has never been questioned under \nthe two managements. \n\nPATRICK MAGUIRE. \n\nPatrick Maguire was born in County Monaghan, Ireland, on the \n5th of December, 1838. He came to America when a child, at the \nearly age of seven years, his first home being at Charlottetown, Prince \nEdward's Island, where his youth was spent. He there learned the \ntrade of printer. When but ten years of age, he entered the office \nof \"The Gazette,\" and served his time as an apprentice. The \nProvinces, however, did not offer the opportunity for business ad- \nvancement which an ambitious, energetic, and able young man has \nthe right to expect, and Mr. Maguire left Charlottetown in 1852, re- \nmoving to Boston, where he engaged in his trade as a journeyman \nprinter. In this occupation he continued until the age of twenty- \nseven, when, giving up active work at his trade, he entered the real- \nestate business, in which his energy, enterprise, and sound com- \nmercial judgment soon established him in a leading position. In a \nfew years Mr. Maguire built up a large and substantial business, to \n\n\nPATRICK MAGUIRE. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 413 \n\nwhich he still gives his personal attention, and was intrusted with the \nmanagement of important estates. \n\nThe establishment of \" The Republic \" by Mr. Maguire, in 1882, \nwas a notable event in the history of weekly journalism in Boston. \nMr. Maguire saw that the field was open for the entrance of a journal \nof a different class from any at that time in existence, and he pro- \nduced it with a success which was immediate and which has been \ncontinuous. \" The Republic,\" which bore evidence in every depart- \nment of skilful workmanship, quickly took its place among the \nleaders of popular thought and opinion, and has continued to exert \nan increasing influence. It is a monument to the enterprise and \nability of its founder, who has impressed his strong individuality \nupon the journal, remaining from the first issue to this day its editor, \nproprietor, and publisher. \n\nMr. Maguire has been for a quarter of a century one of the \nleaders of the Democratic party in Boston and in the State of Massa- \nchusetts. His first vote was cast for Stephen A. Douglas for Presi- \ndent in 1860. As soon as he came of age, which occurred in the \nyear preceding that of the Douglas campaign, he was chosen a \nmember of the Democratic City Committee of Boston, and in that \nbody he has held a seat to the present time, occupying the president's \nchair for three years in succession, in which he demonstrated a genius \nfor political leadership. While so prominent for many years in the \nwork of the party, Mr. Maguire accepted no office for himself; but \nin 1883 he was nominated member of the Executive Council of the \nCommonwealth from the Fourth Councillor District, and was elected \nby a substantial majority. He was reelected in 1884 and again in \n1885, to serve for those years. Mr. Maguire was chosen in 1884 a \ndelegate to the National Democratic Convention at Chicago, where he \ntook a prominent part in advocacy of the nomination of Mr. \nCleveland. He was also a delegate to the National Convention of \n1888, at St. Louis. In 1885 Mr. Maguire was appointed a member \nof the Board of Park Commissioners of the city of Boston, a position \nin which he is now serving, and is identified with the successful \ndevelopment of the great system of pv!$)Hc parks in the city. \n\n\n414 THE IRISH LV BOSTON. \n\n\nDENIS H. TULLY. \n\nDenis H. Tully, who was so well known as one of the most ex- \ntensive produce and wine merchants in Boston, died April 10, 1887. \nMr. Tully was born in Ireland, and came to America in 1854, and \nentered the counting-room of a large wholesale house. Having \npractised civil engineering for some time in his native land, this early \ntraining proved of great advantage in his future career as a successful \nmerchant. In 1857 he became connected with the late John S. \nBlake, of Central Wharf, Boston, in a short time rising to be that \ngentleman's chief assistant, and managing his extensive Mediterranean \nbusiness. Upon Mr. Blake's death, in 1873, Mr. Tully became his \nsuccessor as proprietor and owner of the establishment, and continued \nin active business until the time of his death. He was also treasurer \nof the Boston Beer Company, a corporation whose charter dated from \n1828. From too close application to business, Mr. Tully's health \ngave way, and two years ago he had a severe attack, from which he \nrecovered sufficiently to allow of his visiting Ireland for a few months, \nfrom which he derived much benefit. Mr. Tully was a devout Cath- \nolic, being a member of the congregation of the Church of the \nImmaculate Conception, and a benefactor of that church and of \nBoston College, and also of many worthy charitable institutions of \nBoston. \n\nBy the will of the late Denis H. Tully, of Boston, Catholic \nchurches and institutions in this city and Worcester were enriched \nby the sum of $90,000. To the Archbishop of Boston, $10,000 was \nbequeathed, to be applied by him toward reducing the debt on the \nCathedral of the Holy Cross, and for the benefit and improvement of \nthe church; $10,000 was also bequeathed to the Archbishop for the \nimprovement and advancement of the Boston Ecclesiastical Semi- \nnary. \n\nThe president of Boston College received $8,000 for the im- \nprovement of the college, and an additional $2,000 to be kept sepa- \nrate from the general fund, the income to be devoted to a prize to be \noffered at the annual commencement exercises. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 415 \n\nThe pastor of St. Mary's Church received $10,000, to be devoted \nto reducing the church debt and for the support of the parish. \n\nThe association for the care of destitute Catholic children got \n$10,000; the Little Sisters of the Poor, $10,000; Carney Hospital, \n$5,000; the House of the Good Shepherd, $5,000; Holy Cross \nCollege, Worcester, $5,000; the new infant asylum on Dudley street, \nformed from St. Mary's Infant Asylum, $2,000 ; the House of the \nAngel Guardian, $2,000. This most thoughtful friend of the poor \nfurther bequeathed to his executrixes and executors the sum of \n$10,000, to be devoted to the deserving poor and destitute of the city, \nand to be expended through the instrumentality of the several paro- \nchial conferences of St. Vincent de Paul. This bequest was given \nwith special reference to the parish poor of St. Mary's, St. Stephen's, \nSt. James', St. Francis de Sales, St. Joseph's, and St. Mary's in the \nCharlestown district, St. Patrick's, and to the Conference of the Im- \nmaculate Conception. Mr. Tully appointed his sisters, Cecilia Tully \nand Margaret M. Tully, to be executrixes, and Edward A. Kinney \nand Wm. S. Pelletier to be executors. They are exempt from surety. \nHolyhood Cemetery was bequeathed $1,000, the income to maintain \nthe burial lot in good condition. After a number of private be- \nquests in addition to the charities above mentioned, the balance of \nthe estate was bequeathed to the sisters of the deceased. \n\nHENRY A. McGLENEN. \n\nThe popular business agent of the Boston Theatre is the son of \nIrish parents, and was born in Baltimore, Md., Nov. 28, 1826. He \nattended the schools of his native place, including one term at St. \nMary's College. At an early age he learned the printer's trade with \nJohn Murphy, the well-known Baltimore printer and Catholic book \npublisher. In 1845 he came to Boston, where he worked \"at the \ncase\" in the newspaper offices. In 1846 he resigned a position on \nthe \" Daily Advertiser \" to go to Mexico as a member of Company A, \nFirst Massachusetts Regiment, commanded by Edward Webster, son \nof Daniel Webster, and remained in the service until the return of the \nregiment, July, 1848. He then resumed work as a printer, and re- \n\n\n416 THE IRISH 'IN BOSTON. \n\nceived a varied experience in that line. In 1866 he became adver- \ntising and advance agent for many of the prominent public attractions \nwhich made successful tours throughout this country. About 1869 \nhe accepted this present position, which he has filled very acceptably \never since. He is a member of the Boston Press Club, president of \nthe Association of Massachusetts Volunteers in Mexico, vice-presi- \ndent of the National Association of Mexican War Veterans, Boston \nLight Infantry Veteran Association, Royal Arcanum, Boston Athletic \nAssociation, and as the representative of the Mexican Volunteers, \nrecently presented to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts a flag \nreceived by them from Gen. Winfield Scott. \n\nThe regiment did meritorious service under General Taylor on \nthe Rio Grande and under General Scott on the Vera Cruz line, and \non the eve of their departure for home the regiment was presented \nwith a beautifully wrought silk standard, which was made by the \nCatholic nuns in a Mexican convent, at an expense of several hundred \ndollars. It was held by the survivors of the regiment until recently, \nwhen they presented it to the State of Massachusetts. \n\nThe following correspondence is self-explanatory. The standard \nis one of five presented by General Scott to State troops. It had \noriginally a blue ground, which is now faded to a yellowish drab. \nThe flag bears, beside the United States arms, the words, \" Massa- \nchusetts Volunteer Infantry.\" \n\nBOSTON, Jan. 23, 1889. \n\nGENERAL, — I ask your acceptance for the Commonwealth of the accompany- \ning standard given to the regiment of Massachusetts Volunteers in Mexico by \nMaj.-Gen. Winfield Scott,' in recognition of faithful service performed in the cam- \npaigns of 1847-48. My surviving comrades are few, and each year lessens the \nnumber. When we have passed away, the standard will remain a testimony that \nthe representatives of the Bay State, in a service which brought honor to our flag, \nand vast domain and exhaustless wealth to the nation, were deemed worthy of \nspecial commendation by the great captain of his day. \n\nVery respectfully yours, \n\nH. A. McGLENEN. \nTo Adjutant-General S. DALTON, M.V.M. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 417 \n\nADJUTANT-GENERAL'S OFFICE, BOSTON, Jan. 23, 1889. \nH. A. McGLENEN, ESQ. : — \n\nMY DEAR SIR, — I am in receipt of your communication of this date, asking \nmy acceptance for the Commonwealth of the standard given to the regiment of \nMassachusetts Volunteers in Mexico, by Gen. Winfield Scott, as a testimonial of \nfaithful service performed in the campaign of 1847-48. His Excellency the Governor \ndirects me to acknowledge the receipt of this valuable relic and to accept the same, \nwith the assurance that it will be preserved with great care. \nI am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant, \n\nSAMUEL DALTON, \nAdjutant-General. \n\nDENNIS J. HERN. \n\nDennis J. Hern is the general superintendent of the Mutual \nUnion Telegraph Company, and general manager of the Mutual \nDistrict Messenger Company. He was born in Boston, Mass., Aug. \nI9» I853, and graduated from the Boylston Grammar School, on old \nFort Hill, in 1863. Thence he went to work for the United States \nTelegraph Company, then located in the basement of the old State \nHouse in Boston, Mass., and which was merged finally into the \nAmerican and Western Union Company. He advanced steadily \nupward through the various grades of positions, such as clerk, \noperator, and manager, until he was appointed the superintendent \nof the Atlantic and Pacific Telegraph Company in 1879, which \ngave him the honor of being the youngest superintendent in the \ntelegraph service in the United States. Mr. Hern was associated \nwith Prof. Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor of the Bell \ntelephone, and also with Prof. Thomas A. Edison, both of \nwhom he assisted in their earliest scientific experiments between the \nyears 1875 and 1880, and he received from these gentlemen liberal \noffers to join them in their enterprises, which he declined because \nof his penchant for the telegraph service. In 1880 the Western \nUnion Company secured control of the Atlantic and Pacific Com- \npany's stock, and Mr. Hern was invited by the New York officials \nof that company to accept a position with them corresponding to \nthe one he had held in the service of the other corporation. At \n\n\n418 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nthat time the electric light shone brilliantly upon a new field for \ninvestment and profit, and our subject hastened to New York, where \nhe, with Alderman \" Boss \" McLaughlin, and Mr. Thomas Nevins, the \nchief engineer of the Brooklyn Fire Department, formed the Brook- \nlyn Electric Light Company. Mr. Hern owned one-fifth of the \ncapital stock of the company, which he afterwards sold to Mr. \nMcLaughlin and others. Mr. Parker C. Chandler, of Boston, and \nMr. James M. Prendergast, the well-known Boston cotton-cloth \ncommission merchant, were associated with Mr. Hern in the Brook- \nlyn venture, and the company, among other things, secured the \ncontract for lighting the streets of Brooklyn and the Brooklyn \nbridge. During this period Mr. Hern was the managing director of \nthe luminous Electric Manufacturing Company of New York, then \nlocated on Bond street, in which several hundred men were employed \nin the manufacture of telegraphic and electric-light apparatus. \nEarly in 1881 Mr. Hern assisted others to organize and capitalize \nthe Mutual Union Telegraph Company of New York, whose capital \nreached the sum of three million dollars, and it was built to compete \nwith the Western Union Telegraph Company. He was appointed \ngeneral superintendent of the corporation from New York to \nBangor, and he personally supervised the construction of its entire \nline system in the New England States, and the arrangement and \nappointments of the vast number of branch offices. Mr. Hern still \nretains his position in this corporation, notwithstanding that the \nWestern Union Company controls the stock of the Mutual Union \nCompany. He is a director for the Electrical Development Manu- \nfacturing Company of Boston, which has a large manufactory on \nCongress street in this city, wherein the manufacture of electric-light \napparatus is effected. In January, 1883, he organized the Mutual \nUnion District Messenger Company in Boston, to furnish messengers \nto collect and deliver messages and telegrams for telegraph com- \npanies, and for the collection and delivery of messages, parcels, etc^ \nfor the public. A similar organization had existed in Boston and \nNew York, and it had not been financially successful, nor had it ever \npaid a dividend, owing in a measure to inefficient management of \n\n\nDENNIS J. HERN. \n\n\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 419 \n\nthe business. Mr. Hern selected for his company during the forma- \ntion period a good staff of men of superior abilities and boys ; the \nlatter he had well drilled and trained to the service, and their \ndeportment and clothing were scrupulously looked after, so as to \nattract the patronage of the public. He established well-appointed \noffices and distributed call-boxes throughout the city. Four offices \nand forty messengers and the necessary clerk hire made up the \nplant and working force in the beginning, and the connections with \ndifferent points numbered less than five hundred. To-day the com- \npany has forty-five hundred connections, it owns two hundred and \ntwenty miles of wire, and employs four hundred messengers. \nNearly a quarter of a million telegrams are received and delivered \nmonthly in the city and vicinity by the company, besides a large \nnumber of letters and packages. The monthly revenue from it is over \n$10,000. The pay-roll shows annual payments to the messengers \nof $100,000, which goes directly into the poor families of Boston, \nwhich makes this great undertaking one of the great charities of our \nproud city. One-third of the four hundred messenger boys who are \nemployed by the Mutual District Company are orphans, and Mr. \nHern is ever on the alert for the employment and advancement of \nsuch as those. They are well cared for by the company, providec % \nwith good uniforms, they have established rules to regulate their \nhabits and behavior, and are coached in their training school at \n22 Exchange street. Mr. Hern is a positive and firm advocate of \nthe payment of liberal wages to the employes of the concern, and \nthis has had much to do with its success. Many organizations and \nclubs claim Mr. Hern on their rolls of membership, chief among \nwhich are the New York Electrical Society, composed of the prom- \ninent telegraph and electrical engineers of this country j the Electric \nClub of Boston ; and the Boston Clover Club. He is a director in \nthe telegraph and messenger companies at Newport, R.I., Water- \nbury, Conn., Brooklyn, N.Y., and Denver, Col. He is well known to \nnearly all of the leading business men in the Eastern States, and he \nwas general manager of the Eastern Telegraph Company in New \nHampshire and Maine, of which Governor Robie was the president. \n\n\n420 THE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\nJAMES A. FLANAGAN. \n\nJames A. Flanagan, contractor and builder, born at West- \nfield, King's County, N.B., Oct. 8, 1845. He came to this country \nwhen quite a young man. He attended the public schools of New \nBrunswick, and after working on a farm, learned his trade as a \ncarpenter and builder. About 1862 he gained a knowledge of \nmechanical drawing at the Newton Evening Drawing-Schools. He \ncame to Boston in 1876, and was engaged as foreman for D. J. \nDonovan, builder. In 1882 he formed a copartnership with his \nemployer and brother, under the firm name of Donovan & \nFlanagan Bros. Since the death of the former, Dec. 31, 1886, the \nbusiness has been carried on by the Flanagan Bros. The firm is at \npresent doing a business of over two hundred thousand dollars per \nyear. Mr. Flanagan is a charter member of the Master Builders' \nAssociation. \n\nJOHN B. REGAN. \n\nJohn B. Regan, boot and shoe dealer, born in County Cork, \nIreland, June 21*1838. He came to this country in November, \n1848, and located in Boston, where he attended the Quincy Gram- \nmar School. He learned the printing business with John H. East- \nman, at which he was engaged from 1853^0 1860. In 1865 he \nestablished himself at the present site on Essex street, in the boot \nand shoe business. He is a member of the Charitable Irish Society, \nMontgomery Veteran Association, and has contributed considerable \ninformation about early Irish settlers in Boston. He is noted for his \nfondness of historical researches in this direction, and. he has suc- \nceeded in unearthing much valuable material pertaining to the Irish \nof the colonial period. \n\n\nJOHN B. REAGAN, \n\n\nLEADING BUSINESS MEN. \n\n\n421 \n\n\nA LIST OF LEADING BUSINESS MEN IN BOSTON.1 \n\n\nAlley, John R., \nBishop, Robert, \nBlake, C., \n\nBrine [& Norcross], \nBroderick, John \nBrophey, Thomas, \nBrown, Durrell, & Co., \nBurke, Patrick F., \nBoyle Bros., \nBoyle, J. A., \nBoyd, J. & J., & Co., \nBoston Furniture Co., \nCallaghan, J. H., \nCarey, Jeremiah, \nCarey, P. F., \nCalnan, James W., \nCampbell Bros., \nCampbell, P. J., & Sons, \nCampbell, Patrick, \nCannon, Austin, \nCannon, Peter, \nCanney, Patrick, \nCleag, John P., \nCasey, James D., \nCasey, Maurice F., \nCashman, Keating, & Co., \nCassidy, John E., \nCavanagh, John, & Son, \nCawley & O'Connor, \nClarke, Michael T., \nClarke & Ryan, \n\n\nCogan, Joseph, \n\nColeman, C. A., \n\nCollier, P. F., \n\nCollins, James, & Co., \n\nCollins, Patrick, \n\nConlon, John, \n\nCullen, James B., & Co., \n\nCfowley, Peter C., \n\nCurran & Joyce, \n\nCurran, M., \n\nCurtin, John, \n\nCurry, Michael C., \n\nCallaghan, John H., & Co., \n\nCallaghan, Thomas O., & Co., \n\nDaly, John C., \n\nDasey, Charles V., \n\nDay, Callaghan, & Co., \n\nDee Bros. & Co., \n\nDeasy, Timothy, \n\nDoolan, John, \n\nDee Bros., \n\nDempsey Bros., \n\nDevine Bros., \n\nDevine, Dennis D., \n\nDevine, James V., \n\nDobbins, Henry, \n\nDoherty Bros., \n\nDoherty, Henry, \n\nDoherty, Michael, & Co., \n\nDoherty, Patrick, \n\nDorchester Mfg. Co., \n\n\n1 Any names of other business men or firms not on this list will be carefully kept for \nenrolment in later editions of this book, if they are sent to the author. \n\n\n422 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nDonahoe & Brennan, \nDonnelly, James J., \nDooley's Hotel, \nDowling, James, \nDooling, James, \nDriscoll, C. F., & Co., \nDugan, James, \nDonegan, John, \nDonohoe, Patrick, \nDonohoe, Chrysostom, \nDunne, F. L., \nDwyer, John, & Co., \nDyer, J. & P., \nEnglish, William, \nEnglish, Maurice, \nEllis [& Lewis], \nFagan, James, \nFarrell, John R., \nFarrell, Nagle, & Power, \nFay, Martin, \nFay, Thomas, \nFinnegan, Patrick, & Co., \nFitzgerald, James M., \nFlanagan Bros., \nFlatley, Michael J., \nFlinn Bros., \nFlood, John C., \nFlynn, David, \nFarrell, James, \nFanen, Dennis, \nFitzpatrick, John J., \nFoley, B. & A., \nFord Bros., \nFord, John G., \nFord & McQuaid, \nFraney, Edward J., & Co., \n\n\nGaffney, Peter, \nGaffney, Thomas, & Co., \nGallagher, J., \nGalvin Bros., \nGalvin, John M., \nGately, M. R., & Co., \nGibbon, John S., & Co., \nGates & Co., \nGiblin, Hugh, \nGleason, James A., \nGorman Bros., \nGormley, James, \nGormley, John, & Son, \nGrace, James J., \nGratton, J. T. \nGreeley, James, \nGreeley, Patrick, \nGreen, Patrick J., \nGrimes, Thomas B., \nHaggerty, Roger, \nHussey, Thomas, & Co., \nHaley, Michael, \nHanlon & Co., \nHarkins, Edward, & Co., \nHarrigan, J., & Son, \nHarrington, John, \nHarvey, John, \nHayes, John J., \nHearn, James, \nHerlihy, James W., \nHiggins & Cook, \nHiggins, Patrick, & Co., \nHogan, John, \nHoran Bros., \nHoran, Maurice F., \nHaynes, Edward F., \n\n\nLEADING BUSINESS MEN. \n\n\n423 \n\n\nHurley, William, \nJohnson, William A., \nKeany, Matthew, \nKelly Bros., \nKeefe, John J., & Co., \nKelly & Co., \nKelly, Patrick P., \nKelly & Hays, \nKelly, Michael, \nKelly, Michael J., \nKelly, Thomas, & Co., \nKendricken, Paul H., \nKennedy, Donald, \nKennedy & Murphy, \nKenney, J. W., \nKeogh, Richard T., \nKerrigan, Wm. F., \nKiley, Michael J., \nLally & Collins, \nLally, Edward F., \nLally, P. G., \nLamb, John, \nLeonard, Lawrence, \nLeonard, Luke, \nLogan, L. J., &, Co., \nLogan, Michael J., \nLappen Bros., \nLappen, J. E., & Co., \nLappen, Owen, \nLomasney, Joseph R., \nLaughlin Bros., \nLaughlin, James W., \nLynch Bros., \nLynch, Eugene, \nLynch, Thomas P., \nLyons, John, \n\n\nLyons, Thomas J., \nLyons, Wm., John J., and Dennis, \nMcAleer, Patrick, \nMcCaffrey, John, \nMcQuaid, Francis, \nMcCarthy, F. C., \nMahoney, E. H., \nManning, William, \nMullen, M. J., \nMcAloon, James B., \nMcAvoy, Dennis S., \nMcBarron & Co., \nMcBarron & Lucas, \nMcCafferty, John H., \nMcCann, Bernard, \nMcCarthy, James C., \nMcCarthy, John, & Son, \nMcCarty, James, & Co., \nMcConnell, Charles, \nMcConnell, Hugh, \nMcCormick, James, \nMcCormick, John, estate of, \nMcCormick, John L., \nMcCormick, Thomas, \nMcDevitt, Robert, \nMcDonald, John W., \nMcElroy, Henry, \nMcEttrick, Michael F., \nMcGowan, Patrick, \nMcGuire & Hughes, \nMcKenna, Stephen, \nMcLaughlin, Daniel, \nMcMahon, J. W., \nMcMahon, James, \nMcManus & Co., \nMcShone, Henry, & Co., \n\n\n424 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nMadden Bros., \nMagullion & Calnan, \nMagullion, Frank E., \nMaher & Casey, \nMartin, John B., \nMeany, Edward F., estate of, \nMeehan, Michael, \nMeehan, Patrick, \nMiller, John, & Co., \nMonohan, Patrick, \nMoore, John F., \nMoore, Robert, \nMullowney, Michael, \nMulvey, Patrick D., \nMurphy, Chas. F., & Co., \nMurphy, Edward, \nMurphy, James P., & Co., \nMurphy, James S., \nMurphy, Leavins, & Co., \nMurphy & McCarthy, \nMurray, Jeremiah A., \nMurray, Henry, \nMurray, J. & O., \nMurray, Robert C., \nNagle, Garrett, & Co., \nNagle, William, \nN.E. Organ Co., \nNawn, Hugh, \nNawn, Owen, \nNoonan, Thomas B., \nO'Brien, James, \nO'Brien, James J., \nO'Brien, Timothy J., \nO'Connell, John, & Sons, \nO'Connell, T., & Co., \nO'Connor, John, \n\n\nO' Conor, Patience, \nO'Connor, Mrs. Thomas, \nO'Donnell, Philip E., & Co., \nO'Hare, John, \nO'Keefe, D. J., \nO'Kelly's, W., Sons, \nO'Neil, Gould, & Presby, \nO'Neil, Arthur H., \nO'Reilly, Denis, \nPilot Publishing Co., \nQuinn, Francis, \nQuinn, James, & Co., \nQuirk, W. H., \nReagan, Michael F., \nRegan, Martin, \nReade, John, .: \nRoach, George F., & Co., \nReardon, John, & Sons, \nRooney, William, \nRyan, John A., \nRyan, P. J., \nShea, Daniel, & Co., \nShea, John, \nShea, Patrick, \nShay, Edward, & Co., \nShields, Patrick F., \nStack, James H., \nSullivan Bros., \nSullivan, James, & Co., \nSullivan, John, \nSullivan, Richard T., \nSullivan, T., & Co., \nSullivan, Wm. J., \nSmith Bros., \nSantry, John P., \nScanlan, Patrick. \n\n\nPRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS. \n\n\nPRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS.1 \n\n\nU.S. Custom House service 27 \n\nU.S. Postal Department service 1 6 \n\nOther national government service . . 14 \n\nState government service 25 \n\nCity Fire Department service 17 \n\nCity Police Department service 1 12 \n\nCity Street Department service 59 \n\nCity Water Department service 20 \n\nCity clerical service 6 \n\nOther city government service Ill \n\nU.S. Army service 19 \n\nU.S. Navy service 49 \n\nCemetery service 104 \n\nClergymen 34 \n\nSextons • • 13 \n\nLawyers ' 13 \n\nDentists I \n\nPhysicians 18 \n\nPhysicians and surgeons 4 \n\nEditors 4 \n\nJournalists I \n\nReporters 3 \n\nArtists 4 \n\nMusicians 12 \n\nMusic teachers 5 \n\nActors 4 \n\nTheatrical agents and officials I \n\nProfessors I \n\nTeachers 4 \n\nArchitects 3 \n\nChemists 4 \n\nCivil engineers 8 \n\nDraughtsmen 2 \n\nInventors I \n\nStenographers I \n\nBoarding-house keepers and employes, 1 7 \n\nHotel-keepers and employes 348 \n\nLodging-house keepers and employes, 3 \n\nRestaurant-keepers and employes ... 93 \n\nSaloon -keepers and employes 115 \n\nCoachmen (in families) 334 \n\nServants (in families) 138 \n\nBartenders 255 \n\n\nBarbers 41 \n\nHairdressers 9 \n\nJanitors (private buildings) 53 \n\nLaundry-work 3 \n\nStationary engineers and assistants. .. 185 \n\nUndertakers and assistants 1 8 \n\nWatchmen 113 \n\nCommission merchants. 8 \n\nMerchants and dealers 1,187 \n\nMerchants and dealers (wholesale) . . 64 \n\nPedlers 258 \n\nSalesmen 229 \n\nSalesmen (wholesale) 22 \n\nSalesmen (travelling) 29 \n\nBook-keepers 35 \n\nBook-keepers (wholesale) 9 \n\nClerks. 253 \n\nClerks (wholesale) 19 \n\nClerks, shipping 25 \n\nClerks, shipping (wholesale) 25 \n\nTelegraph officials and employes .... 10 \n\nAgents 64 \n\nAgents (insurance) 5 \n\nAgents (real estate) 19 \n\nBank officials and employes 3 \n\nBrokers 9 \n\nCollectors 24 \n\nCash and bundle boys 5 \n\nCoal-heavers (vessels) 101 \n\nErrand-boys 65 \n\nLaborers and helpers (in stores) .... 398 \n\nLongshoremen 1,043 \n\nOffice-boys 18 \n\nPackers 37 \n\nPorters 253 \n\nTelegraph messengers and line-men . 17 \nBoarding and livery stable keepers \n\nand employes 614 \n\nCarriage and hack drivers 112 \n\nDrivers of delivery wagons 41 \n\nExpress company officials and em- \nployes 77 \n\nHerdic officials and employes 6 \n\n\n1 Including persons of Irish birth only. This classification and these figures are compiled from \nthe Census of 1885, by Carroll D. Wright, and therefore arc the most reliable which could be found. \n\n\n426 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nHorse-railroad officials and employes, 404 \n\nTeamsters 1,129 \n\nSteam-railroad officials and employes, 1,026 \n\nMaster mariners (sailing) 4 \n\nMariners (sailing) '. . . 67. \n\nSteamboat officials and employe's ... 52 \n\nStevedores 33 \n\nTowboat officials and employes 12 \n\nFanners 21 \n\nFarm laborers 190 \n\nFlorists 23 \n\nGardeners and assistants 273 \n\nFishermen 332 \n\nArtisans' tools makers 6 \n\nBoot and shoemakers 388 \n\nBox-makers 8 \n\nTerra-cotta workers 7 \n\nBrush-makers . IO \n\n- Builders and contractors 23 \n\nCarpenters 556 \n\nGasfitters 13 \n\nLathers 20 \n\nMasons 1,069 \n\nPainters 258 \n\nPaper-hangers 14 \n\nPlasterers 152 \n\nPlumbers 123 \n\nRoofers 59 \n\nStair-builders 3 \n\nSteam-fitters 13 \n\nCarpet-factory operatives 117 \n\nCarriage and wagon makers 36 \n\nCarriage painters 29 \n\nWheelwrights and wheel-makers .... 39 \n\nWatch-makers 8 \n\nCoat-makers .53 \n\nHat and cap makers 29 \n\nReady-made clothing makers 22 \n\nTailors 515 \n\nCordage-factory operatives 109 \n\nCotton-mill operatives 14 \n\nDyestuffs-makers 49 \n\nPottery-works employes 5 \n\nElectricians 3 \n\nElectric-light company employes .... \n\nBakers 156 \n\nChocolate-makers \n\nConfectionery makers and packers. .. 20 \n\nSlaughter-house employes 20 \n\n\nSugar-refinery employes 196 \n\nCabinet-makers 67 \n\nChair-makers 8 \n\nFurniture finishers 19 \n\nFurniture polishers 21 \n\nFurniture-makers ' 33 \n\nUpholsterers 58 \n\nGas-works employes 371 \n\nGlass-works employes 19 \n\nHarness-makers 74 \n\nMorocco-workers ................. 19 \n\nTannery employes 204 \n\nBottlers iz \n\nBrewery employes Ill \n\nLumber-yard employes 85 \n\nSaw-mill employes 19 \n\nBoiler-works employes 122 \n\nMachinists 199 \n\nMachine-shop employes 43 \n\nBlacksmiths and helpers 473 \n\nBrass-workers 63 \n\nCopper-workers 17 \n\nIron-workers 391 \n\nJewellery-makers 5 \n\nNail-makers 6 1 \n\nTin-workers 59 \n\nModel and pattern makers 8 \n\nOrgan and organ parts makers 1 8 \n\nPiano and piano parts makers 74 \n\nOil-works employes 56 \n\nPaper-mills operatives 25 \n\nPhotographers 5 \n\nBookbindery'employes 26 \n\nBook publishers and employes 3 \n\nCompositors and printers (book and \n\njob) 120 \n\nCompositors and printers (news- \npaper) 24 \n\nLithographers and lithographic print- \ners 13 \n\nCar-makers (steam and horse) 14 \n\nRubber-factory operatives 47 \n\nBoat-builders 8 \n\nCalkers 14 \n\nRiggers II \n\nSailmakers 8 \n\nShip-carpenters 26 \n\n» Not specified. \n\n\nPRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS. \n\n\n427 \n\n\nMarble- workers 225 \n\nStone-workers \"... 4 176 \n\nCigar-makers 14 \n\nTrunk-factory employes 22 \n\nCoopers 143 \n\nPicture-frame makers 18 \n\nWood-carvers 27 \n\nWood-turners 5 \n\nWood-workers ' 23 \n\nWoollen-mill operatives 24 \n\nLaborers » . . 5,679 \n\nApprentices 123 \n\nScholars and students 588 \n\nChildren at work and at school 1 6 \n\nRetired 732 \n\nDependents (private support) 273 \n\nNot given 300 \n\nAt home 193 \n\nOther occupations ^827 \n\nFemales. \n\nState hospital and asylum service .... 48 \n\nOther State government service — \n\nNurses (in city hospitals) 18 \n\nServants (in city hospitals) 17 \n\nOther city government service 9 \n\nMissionaries I \n\nInmates of religious institutions 4? \n\nPhysicians 2 \n\nLibrarians and assistants — \n\nArtists I \n\nMusicians — \n\nMusic teachers 8 \n\nSingers'. — \n\nActresses I \n\nTeachers 43 \n\nStenographers — \n\nBoarding-house keepers and em- \nployes 249 \n\nHotel-keepers and employes 449 \n\nLodging-house keepers and employes, 64 \n\nRestaurant-keepers and employes .... 321 \n\nHousekeepers (in families) 198 \n\nHousewives 21,635 \n\nHousework 2,541 \n\nServants in families 6,761 \n\nBook-keepers and clerks in offices . . 2 \n\n\nPrivate hospital and institution em- \nployes 72 \n\nLaundry- work 705 \n\nWasherwomen 589 \n\nNurses 191 \n\nMerchants and dealers 247 \n\n95 \n37 \n\n2 \n\n\nSaleswomen \n\nBook-keepers and clerks \n\nTelegraph officials and employes \n\nCash and bundle girls \n\nErrand-girls \n\nRag pickers and sorters , \n\nBoot and shoe makers \n\nPaper-box makers \n\nBox-makers * \n\nBrush-makers \n\nButton-makers \n\nCarpet-factory operatives \n\nWatch-makers \n\nButton-hole makers \n\nCloak -makers \n\nCoat-makers \n\nCorset-makers . . \n\n\n4 \n\n42 \n\n33 \n\n29 \n\n2 \n\n10 \n\n12 \n\n44 \n\n4 \n\n26 \n\n69 \n\n5 \n\nDressmakers 418 \n\nEmbroidery-workers \n\nFur-workers \n\nHat and cap makers \n\nHoop-skirt makers \n\nMilliners \n\nNecktie-makers \n\nPantaloon-makers. \n\nSeamstresses \n\nSewing-machine operators \n\nShirt-makers \n\nSuspender-makers \n\n\n.... 9 \n6 \n5 \n\n9 \n37 \n\n.... 2 \n\n34 \n.... 242 \n\n31 \n\n.... 21 \n\n4 \n\nTailoresses 257 \n\nVest-makers 17 \n\nCordage-factory operatives 59 \n\nCotton-mill operatives 23 \n\nMedicine-factory employes 5 \n\nBakers 5 \n\nChocolate-makers I \n\nConfectionery makers and packers . . 2 \n\nPickle and preserve factory employes, II \n\nMattress-makers II \n\nUpholsterers 4 \n\nJewellery-makers 2 \n\n\n1 Not specified. \n\n\n428 \n\n\nTHE IRISH IN BOSTON. \n\n\nNan-makers 19 \n\nPaper-mill operatives 1 8 \n\nPhotographers 2 \n\nBookbinder^ employes 34 \n\nCompositors and printers (book and \n\njob) 9 \n\nCompositors and printers (newspaper), — \n\nLithographers and lithograph printers, I \n\nRubber-clothing makers 1 6 \n\nRubber-factory operatives 19 \n\nSilk-mill operatives 10 \n\n\nStraw-workers , — \n\nCigar-makers 9 \n\nTobacco-workers 4 \n\nApprentices 15 \n\nScholars and students 583 \n\nChildren at work and at school 10 \n\nRetired 232 \n\nDependents (private support) 349 \n\nAt home 244 \n\nOther occupations 1*003 \n\nNot given 551 \n\n\nTHE HEAVIEST TAX-PAYERS. \n\nThe General Court at Boston, on May 14, 1634, enacted \" that in \nall rates and public charges, the town [Boston] shall have respect \nto levy every man according to his estate, and with consideration of \nall other his abilities whatsoever, and not according to the number \nof his persons.\" Under the principle thus laid down, we are gov- \nerned in our system of taxation to-day. \n\nBelow we give a list of the heaviest tax-payers among the Irish- \nAmericans of Boston for the year 1889. \n\n\nFOR THE YEAR 1889. \n\nReal Estate. \n\nPersonal \nEstate. \n\nTotal Tax. \n\nAlley, John R \n\n$192,000 \n\n$46,100 \n\n&1.2OA 6O \n\n76,000 \n\n1,000 \n\nI.O7.7. go \n\nIQ3.C.OO \n\n8. TOO \n\n2.7O4 12 \n\nC2.2OO \n\n50000 \n\nI 760 x8 \n\nyijIOO \n\noca 7A \n\nIO8,6OO \n\n14,000 \n\nI 6/14 84 \n\nIOI,2OO \n\n8 ooo \n\nI AfiC 28 \n\nCasey, John T., et al. \n\nCK.SOO \n\nI ?OO \n\nI 7OC 82 \n\nColby, Patrick \n\n&4.IOO \n\nI 128 QA \n\nCollins, David \n\n42,OOO \n\n70.000 \n\nI 5O2 8O \n\n2O6.4OO \n\nloo \n\n2.774 4fi \n\nI7-4OO \n\nI7O ?6 \n\n156 8OO \n\n2 IO7 12 \n\nDaley, John C., & Bro \n\n76,OOO \n\n2,000 \n\nI 049 2O \n\nI7Q.7OO \n\nI 866 62 \n\nIS. OOO \n\n203 oo \n\nDuff, William F \n\n77.000 \n\n1,031 80 \n\n121,700 \n\n10,000 \n\n1,766 78 \n\n4C.7OO \n\n106,300 \n\n2,025 40 \n\nGreen, Margaret and Mary A. \n\nI2O OOO \n\nI 608 oo \n\nTHE HEAVIEST TAX-PAYERS. \n\n\n429 \n\n\nFOR THE YEAR 1889. \n\nReal Estate. \n\nPersonal \nEstate. \n\nTotal Tax. \n\n$286,100 \n\n*7~i577 74 \n\n7Q.OOO \n\n£J>°aS /4 \n1 ,060 60 \n\nHyndman, Eliza \n\n92,OOO \n\nI 272 86 \n\n28,300 \n\n15 co ooo \n\n1,065 ^8 \n\nKeleher, Timothy \n\nQO OOO \n\n5 ooo \n\nI 27C OQ \n\nKelley, Thomas, & Co \n\ngo ooo \n\n1,072 oo \n\nKendricken, Paul H . \n\nI O2 400 \n\n2.7OO \n\n24 800 \n\n760 co \n\nI3O QOO \n\n2C OOO \n\n2 IO7 12 \n\n70 2OO \n\n700 \n\nI 067 TO \n\n88,500 \n\ni 187 oo \n\nLee, John H \n\n86 7OO \n\nI27O \"78 \n\nLee, John H., & Co \n\n6/17 2O \n\n76 8OO \n\n77. TOO \n\n18 200 \n\nI 287 O6 \n\n37.2OO \n\n40,8 48 \n\nXOCwtOO \n\n4.. 2OO \n\n1 .470 64 \n\n2C.I.7OO \n\nA can \n\n7 ,12 C O2 \n\n87.7OO \n\n50 ooo \n\nI 847 1 8 \n\nOI.IOO \n\n10,000 \n\nI 7C.6 74 \n\nIO,6OO \n\n142 OA \n\n127. COO \n\n10 ooo \n\n2 058 QO \n\nMiller, John, & Co. \n\nJC.4OO \n\n2O6 36 \n\nTC.4.6OO \n\nI OOO \n\n2 087 O4 \n\n70,100 \n\n14,000 \n\nI 125 04 \n\n82,COO \n\n8 ooo \n\n1,2 1 8 72 \n\n271,600 \n\nte OOO \n\n•7 842 44 \n\n2OC,4OO \n\nIO OOO \n\n2 888 36 \n\n8. coo \n\nGO OOO \n\nI 721 OO \n\n84~ \n\nCompany E 25 \n\nCompany F 21 63 84 \n\nCompany G 26 47 \n\nCompany H 22 52 74 \n\nCompany I 24 74 \n\nCompany K 20 50 \n\n\nTotal \n\n\n250 613 863 \n\n\nThis book is a preservation photocopy. \n\nIt is made in compliance with copyright law \n\nand produced on acid-free archival \n\n60# book weight paper \n\nwhich meets the requirements of \n\nANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (permanence of paper) \n\nPreservation photocopying and binding \n\nby \n\nAcme Bookbinding \nCharlestown, Massachusetts \n\n\n2003 \n\n\nBOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY \n\n\n3 9999 04988 862 9 \n\n\n","title":"The story of the Irish in Boston : together with biographical sketches of representative men and noted women","updated_at":"2026-09-05T09:59:05.821103Z","urn":"urn:lemay:boston:document:the-story-of-the-irish-in-boston-together-with-biographical-sketches-of-representative-men-and","version":1,"withdrawn_reason":null},"urn":"urn:lemay:boston:document:the-story-of-the-irish-in-boston-together-with-biographical-sketches-of-representative-men-and","version_history":[{"change_note":"accessioned from the Internet Archive, item storyofirishinbo00cull","changed_by":"archive-ingest 0.1.0","recorded_at":"2026-09-05T09:59:06.120295Z","version":1}]}